专业英语试题图文稿
_高考英语试题分项版解析专题24图画式含解析
专题24 图画式年高考题【·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
(请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内)【答案】Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.【解析】本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。
专业外语试卷specialEnglish.doc
20 ___ - 20 _____ 学年第1学期期末考试《专业英语》试卷（A 卷）（闭卷考试时间共计：100分钟）-、专业常用单词或词组翻译一一英译汉（每题0.5分，共15分）1. semiconductor 16. insulator• •2. amplitude 17. simulation3. transistor18. pulse4. backplane19.sensor5. protocol20. square wave6. bandwidth21. modulate7. coaxial22. nucleus8. decode23. oscilloscope9. modulation24. hardware10. analog25. multimedia11. flip-flop26. terminal controllers12. attenuation27. sensor13. peak-to-peak value28. wireless telephone14. emitter29. microwave15. distributed system 30. artificial intelligence 二、专业常用单词或词组翻译——汉译英（每题1分，共15分）1. 超链接2. 集线器3. 传输4. 适配器5.调制解调器 11.运算放人器6.屮国电信 12.负反馈7.数据信道13.带通滤波器 &终端适配器14.嵌入式系统 9.数字交换系统 15.电路板10.集成屯路三、写出以下专业缩略语的完整形式和屮文意思（每题2分，共20分） 缩略语完整形式中文意思DBMS DVD DSP NCP OOD DMA PCM RTOS ASP ISPColumn AColumn B(1) LAN (2) WAN (a) an international standards organization(b) a network that provides communications across country or the entire world.(3) host computer (c) a station which is used to receive and retransmit micro wavesignals.(4) ISO(d) a computer which is located on a network and provides services to other nodes connected to the network.(5) Microwave relay(e) a network that provides communications within specific buildings or facilities.四、用连线使A 栏与B 栏匹配（每题1分，共5分）1. The word “multimedia” is ________ describe a mixture of hardware, software and applications. A. being used to B. usedC. using to2. The pulse is composed of ____ states-A. oneB. twoC. three3. ATM transfer information ___ short packets called "cells 气信元) _____ a fixed length of 48 bytes plus five heads bytes. A. of, inB. in, withC. to, for4. The function of the optical detector is to _____ • A. convert optical signal to electrical signal B. convert electrical signal to optical signal C. the electrical signal is applied to it5. Each channel unit in the BS is equipped _____ radio transmitter, radio receiver, and control unit. A. inB- with C. by六、阅读理解（每题3分，共15分）(1) Integrated CircuitIntegrated circuit, or IC is a combination of a few interconnected circuit elements such as transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors produced in a single manufacturing process on one and the same bearing structure, called the substrate, and intended to perform definite function involved in converting information.The electrically interconnected components that make up an IC are called integrated elements. If an integrated circuit includes only one type of components, such as only diodes or resistors, it is said to be an assembly or set of components.The principle of integrated circuit elements lies in the following. A great number of “set" are produced simultaneously on a wafe 匚 Each set contains all the components such as transistors, diodes, and resistor which are interconnected with short fine metallic stripes deposited on the wafer surface. They make up an functional block. Each ICs of components is a ready integrated circuit. All ICs are regularly distributed on the wafer surface.ICs can be classified by function into two: circuits to be applied in digital systems and those to be applied in linear systems. The digital ICs are employed mostly in computers, electronic counters, frequency synthesizers and digital instruments. And the analog, or linear ICs operate五、选择适当的词填空（每题1分，共5分）over a continuous range, and include such devices as operational amplifiers.The invention of IC is a great revolution in the electronic industry. Sharp size, weight reductions are possible with these techniques; and more importantly, high reliability, excellent functional performance, low cost and low power dissipation can be achieved.Questions for text:1.What types of elements may integrated circuits possibly include?2.Tell some advantages of using integrated circuits.(2)Pulse-Code ModulationPulse-Code Modulation (PCM) is the most basic form of digital pulse modulation. In pulse-code modulation, a message signal is represented by a sequence of coded pulses, which is accomplished by representing the signal in discrete form in both time and amplitude. The basic operations performed in the transmitter of PCM are sampling, quantizing, and encoding. The quantizing and encoding operations are usually performed in the same circuit, which is called analog-tdigital converter. The basic operations in the receiver are regeneration of impaired signals, decoding, and reconstruction of the train of quantized samples. In what follows, we describe the various operations that constitute a basic PCM system.Sampling. The incoming message signal is sampled with a train of narrow rectangular pulses.Quantization. The sampled version of the message signal is then quantized, thereby providing a new representation of the signal that is discrete in both time and amplitude.Encoding. Any plan for representing each of this discrete set of sample values as a group of particular binary numbers is called encoding.Regeneration. The most important feature of PCM systems lies in the ability to control the effects of distortion and noise produced by transmitting a PCM signal through a channel. This capability is accomplished by reconstructing the PCM signal by means of a chain of regenerative repeaters located sufficiently close spacing along the transmission route.Decoding. The decoding process involves generating a pulse, the amplitude of which is the linear sum of all the pulses in the code word, with each pulse being weighted by its place value (2°,2[22，・・・，2^ ') in the code, where R is the number of bits per sample.Filtering. The final operation in the receiver is to recover the message signal by passing the decoder output through a low-pass filter whose cutoff frequency is equal to the message bandwidth W.Questions for text:1. What is "PCM" short for?2. What are the basic operations performed in the transmitter of PCM?3. What are the basic operations performed in the receiver of PCM?七、将下列英文翻译成中文(每题3分，共15分)1. Everything you see exists together in a delicate balance, (quoted from The Lion King)2. I think it's hard winning a war with words, (quoted from Gone with the Wind)3- When a call between a mobile subscriber and an ordinary subscriber has been set up, thespeech is transmitted on the radio path between the mobile station and a voice channel unit of the base station situated close to the mobile station.4. At todays level of development, the IC might comprise more than ten thousand separateelectronic elements including elements of many different functions, such as diodes, transistors, capacitors and resistors.5. A multimeter is a general-purpose meter capable of measuring DC and AC voltage, current,resistance, and in some cases, decibels (分贝).1. 网络的优势在于它能够方便快捷地传递消息。
专业英语第五章写作详解演示文稿
2.3 摘要
• 摘要是以介绍论文主要内容为目的的小短文。 • 摘要一般位于正文之前，以十分简练的句子开门见山地说明论文的主
旨、观点，从而使读者可以在通读全文之前作出是否有必要通读全文 的判断。 • 摘要篇幅大小一般以不超过正文字数的5%为宜。
• 论文摘要应尽量将文中的内容和理解这些内容的主要要素写入 • 习惯性以“本文”、“本研究”等摘要的开头，是无信息的词语，
——我国科技期刊论文标题中文要求不超过20个汉字，外文一 般不超过10个实词。
• 英文标题一般是第一个单词的首字母大写，有时也可以是所 有实词首字母大写或全部大写。
第五页，共40页。
范例1：超高压对植物乳杆菌能量代谢影响的研究 Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on energy metabolism of
University, Tai'an 271018，China) (2 Key Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of
Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China)
第十二页，共40页。
（3）表示研究结果与结论 The results indicated that… Our results confirm that… The study proves that… The results demonstrated that… The study reveals that… The conclusion is that… The results showed that… The results be summarized as follows We conclude：①… ②… ③… The comparison concludes that…
公共管理专业英语 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿
Its jurisdiction encompasses public schools all across the country. In addition, it not only affects the education of the children, but also the lives of working parents. 它的管辖范围包括全国各地的公立学校。此 外，它不仅会影响孩子的教育，而且会影响 工作的父母的生活。 Jurisdiction：n.管辖权 Jurisdiction：n.管辖权 Encompass：v.包围，环绕，包含或包括某 Encompass：v.包围，环绕，包含或包括某 事物
Relying heavily on appraisals of efficiency and effectiveness, government agencies are incorporating systems of user-pay basis, userincreasing competition by allowing companies to bid for contracts, developing resultresult-oriented budgets, and offering incentives to public servants to improve work performance. 严重依赖效率和效益的评估，政府机构都纳 入到以用户支付为基础，通过使企业竞投合 约来增加竞争，发展结果为导向的预算，并 提供激励措施使公务员提供工作绩效的系统。
The lack of competition for governments, as opposed to the anti-monopoly laws faced by anticompanies, also affects how public projects are managed. 和企业所面临的反垄断法律相反，政府之间 缺乏竞争，也影响了公共项目的管理 the anti-monopoly laws：反垄断法律 antilaws：反垄断法律
图表作文英文考题
图表作文英文考题1. The first chart shows the population growth in different countries over the past decade. It's clear that China has the largest population, followed by India and the United States. The population of China has been steadily increasing, while India's population growth rate has been even higher. On the other hand, the population of the United States has been relatively stable.2. Moving on to the second chart, it displays the percentage of renewable energy sources used in different countries. It's interesting to see that Iceland is leading the way with almost 100% of its energy coming from renewable sources. Other countries like Sweden and Costa Rica are also doing well in this aspect. However, there are still countries like Saudi Arabia and Kuwait that heavily rely on non-renewable energy sources.3. Now let's take a look at the third chart, which illustrates the average income levels in variousprofessions. It's not surprising to see that doctors and lawyers are among the highest paid professions. On the other hand, teachers and social workers earn relatively lower incomes. This chart highlights the income disparity that exists in many societies.4. The fourth chart provides information on the number of hours spent on different activities by people in different age groups. It's noticeable that teenagers spend a significant amount of time on social media and video games. In contrast, adults spend more time on work-related activities and household chores. This chart reflects the changing lifestyles and priorities across different age groups.5. Lastly, let's discuss the fifth chart, which shows the distribution of internet users by region. It's evident that Asia has the highest number of internet users, followed by Europe and North America. This reflects the growing connectivity and digitalization in these regions. However, Africa and parts of South America still have a relatively low percentage of internet users, indicating theneed for further development in these areas.In conclusion, these charts provide valuable insights into various aspects of our society, such as population growth, renewable energy usage, income levels, activity preferences, and internet usage. They highlight the diversity and disparities that exist in different countries and age groups.。
专业英语 演示文稿
Check Your Understanding
Choose the best answer. 1.The main purpose of intelligent security precaution system is to B A. monitor people’s activits B. address people’s security concerns C. facilitate the communication between people D. Reduce policemen’s work 2. The system formed by digital closed-circuit television monitoring system and the anti-theft alarm system use __C__ to view the site under monitor. A. electron microscope B.telescope C. camers D.infrared detector 3. To strengthen the modern security, precaution technology becomes more and more important becase _B____
• system designed for real property ,and it can combine indoor security precaution alarm system and entrance and exit control to enable many function such as calling,intercom,video monitoring ,security precaution alarm,unlocking,three party calls,which are the basic requirements toy intelligent real property management.
英语考试-专业英语考试试题与答案
专业英语考试试题与答案1.Why are cast metal sheet ingots hot-rolled first instead of being cold-rolled? Because of cold rolling is to use hot rolled steel coils as the raw material, after acid pickling to remove oxide skin for cold rolling, the finished product is hard roll, because of cold work hardening caused by deformation of continuous cold rolling hard roll strength, increase hardness, toughness and plastic index decreased, so the stamping performance will deteriorate, can only be used for simple deformation of the parts2.What type of heat treatment is given to the rolled metal sheet after hot and “warm” rolling? What is its purpose?轧钢的热处理的类型？轧钢热处理的目的？Heat treatment of the main types are annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, solution treatment and aging treatment, cold treatment, chemical treatment, etc.Annealing：The steel is heated to a certain temperature and heat preservation for a period of time, and then make it slowly cooling, called annealing. Steel annealing is a heat the steel to the phase change or part of the phase change temperature, slow cooling after heat preservation heat treatment method. The purpose of annealing is to eliminate tissue defects, improve the organization make composition uniformity and fine grains, increase mechanical properties of the steel, reduce residual stress; Can decrease the hardness at the same time, improve the plasticity and toughness, improve machinability. So before annealing in order to eliminate and improve both the legacy of tissue defects and internal stress, and to prepare for the follow-up process, so the annealing is belong to the intermediate heat treatment, also called heat treatment in advance Normalizing：Normalizing is heated to above the critical temperature of steel, to all into homogeneous austenitic steel, heat treatment and natural cooling in air. It can eliminate hypereutectoid steel mesh cementite, for hyposteel normalizing can refine crystal lattice, improve comprehensive mechanical properties, low requirements for the parts use the normalized instead of the annealing process is more economic. Quenching:Quenching is the steel is heated to above the critical temperature, heat preservationfor a period of time, then quickly into the quenching medium, the temperature plummeted, rapid cooling at greater than the critical cooling rate of speed, which is mainly composed of martensite and unbalanced heat treatment method of the organization. Can increase strength and hardness of the steel quenching, but to reduce its plasticity. That is commonly used in quenching hardening agent are: water, oil, caustic soda, and salt solution, etc3.How are metal alloys made by the casting process? (b) Distinguish between wrought alloy products and cast alloy products.金属铸造合金的过程是怎样的？区分可锻合金产品和铸造合金产品。
英语专四图表作文真题
英语专四图表作文真题英文回答：Bar Chart.The bar chart depicts the percentage of individuals who have completed their tertiary education in various regions of the world in 2010 and 2020.In 2010, the highest percentage of tertiary education attainment was observed in North America, where 45% of the population had completed tertiary education. This was followed by Europe (41%), Oceania (40%), Latin America and the Caribbean (23%), and Asia (22%). Africa had the lowest percentage of tertiary education completion at 8%.By 2020, there was a significant increase in tertiary education attainment rates globally. North America maintained its lead with 55% of the population completing tertiary education, while Europe experienced a slightdecline to 39%. Oceania remained stable at 40%, and Latin America and the Caribbean saw a modest increase to 26%. Asia made significant progress, with the percentage of tertiary education completion rising to 32%. Africa showed the most remarkable growth, with tertiary education completion rates increasing from 8% to 17%.Pie Chart.The pie chart illustrates the distribution of the global population across different age groups in 2020.The largest share of the population (26%) belonged to the 15-29 age group, followed by the 30-44 age group (23%). The 45-59 age group accounted for 18%, while the 60-74 age group comprised 13%. The smallest portion of the population (20%) was in the 75+ age group.Line Graph.The line graph shows the average life expectancy at birth for both men and women from 2000 to 2020.In 2000, the average life expectancy for women was higher than that of men in all regions of the world. The global average life expectancy for women was 71 years, while for men it was 66 years. Over the next two decades, life expectancy increased steadily for both men and womenin all regions.By 2020, the global average life expectancy for women had risen to 76 years, while for men it had increased to 70 years. Although women still had a higher life expectancy than men in all regions, the gap had narrowed. Oceania and North America had the highest life expectancy rates for both men and women, while Africa had the lowest rates.中文回答：条形图。
专业英语试卷及答案
《专业外语》考试试卷（把答案写到答题纸上）一、Please translate the phrase below in Chinese（每词1分，共10分）1、turret lathe 六角车床，转塔车床2、electrofax 电子摄影;电子摄影机;电子照相3、tunnel diodes 隧道二极管4、electron trigonometry电子三角测量5、VLF Propagation 非常低频率的传播6、B2B e-commerce商业对商业的电子商务模式7、bit-synchronization system 位同步系统8、Nomenclature 术语9、CAPP Computer-Aided Process Planning计算机辅助工艺规程10、tool magazine 刀具库二、Please translate the phrase below in English（每词1分，共10分）1、开放式数控系统Open CNC system2、工程索引engineering index3、齿轮插床 gear slotter4、多头螺纹multiple thread5、差动滑轮differential pulley6、液压系统hydraulic system7、低碳钢low carbon steel8、自动上料装置Automatic feeding device9、曲轴销孔The crankshaft pin hole 10、批量生产quantity productivity三、Please translate the paragraph below in Chinese（共40分，1-5每题3分，6-10每题5分）1、The production of aluminum is second only to that of iron and steel.铝的产量仅次于钢和铁2、Even metal plates（金属板材）can be pierced through by laser beam（激光束）.金属板材可以用激光束刺开，打通。
新能源专业英语演示文稿
6. Much of the growth in renewable energy consumption is projected to come from mid- to large-scale hydroelectric facilities in nonOECDAsia and Central and South America;
China and India-the fastest growing non-OECD economies-will be key contributors to world energy consumption in the future.
1980 8%→2005 18% →2030 25%
USA 22 % in 2005 toቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱabout 17 % in 2030
新能源专业英语演示文 稿
（优选）新能源专业英 语
Content
1. International Energy outlook 2. Global Renewable Energy Status 3. China Renewable Energy Status
References:
1 International Energy outlook
World Economic Outlook
The world’s real GDP growth on a purchasing power parity basis is projected to average 4.0 percent annually
考研英语专业考试试卷真题
考研英语专业考试试卷真题一、听力理解（共30分）1. 短对话理解（每题1分，共10分）听下面10段对话，每段对话后有一个问题。
从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案。
[录音材料略]2. 长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）听下面2段较长的对话，每段对话后有2-3个问题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
[录音材料略]3. 短文理解（每题2分，共10分）听下面3篇短文，每篇短文后有2-3个问题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
[录音材料略]二、阅读理解（共40分）1. 快速阅读（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的文章，然后回答1-10题。
根据文章内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确答案。
[文章内容略]2. 深度阅读（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的文章，然后回答11-20题。
根据文章内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确答案。
[文章内容略]三、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面的文章，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
[文章内容略]四、翻译（共20分）1. 英译汉（每题5分，共10分）将下列英文句子翻译成中文。
[句子1][句子2]2. 汉译英（每题5分，共10分）将下列中文句子翻译成英文。
[句子1][句子2]五、写作（共30分）1. 小作文（10分）根据所给情景写一封书信或电子邮件。
[情景描述略]2. 大作文（20分）根据所给题目写一篇议论文。
[题目描述略]请注意：本试卷为模拟试卷，仅供学习参考，具体考试内容以官方发布的考试大纲为准。
祝各位考生考试顺利！。
建筑专业英语术语图文稿
建筑专业英语术语集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）英-汉部分Acceptance 验收Acceptance lot 验收批量Acceptance criterion 验收准则（标准）Acceptance report 验收报告Acceptance test 验收试验Access 通道/入口Access opening 检修孔/人孔Accident shutdown 事故停堆Action item 行动项Aerial cable 架空电缆/高空电缆Aerial lift/work 高空吊运/作业Aggregate 骨料Air content 含气率Air delivery pipe 排气管Air meter 量气计Air pump 气泵Anchor 锚固/锚固件Anchor bolt 锚固/地脚螺栓Anchorage device 锚具/锚固设备Angle 角钢Annex building 附属厂房Annular girder 环形梁Arched dome 穹顶Architectural construction material 建筑材料Architectural design 建筑设计Architectural decoration 建筑装修As-built drawing 竣工图Assessment 评价/评定Audit 审计/监察Audit record 审计记录Authorized to proceed （ATP）开工令Auxiliary building 辅助厂房Award of bid 决标Axial line 轴线Backfill 回填Backup 备用Bar bender 钢筋弯曲机Bar cutter 钢筋切割机Bar splice 钢筋接头Bar splicing 钢筋搭接Bar-setter 钢筋工Barricade 护栏/围栏Basemat / Base slab 底板Batch plant 搅拌站Beam 大臂/梁Bearing capacity 承载能力Blasting 爆破Block brick 大型砌块Blowtorch 喷灯Bolt 螺栓Bottom head 底封头Brace 支撑/剪力撑/角撑Brick 砖Bridge crane 行吊/桥式起重机Briefing 交底Butt welding 对接焊Cable tray 电缆槽Cast-in-situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构Cement 水泥Cement mortar 水泥砂浆Cesspool 化粪池Civil construction 土木建筑Civil works 土建工程Coarse sand 粗砂Coating 涂层Code 代码/规范Coil 线圈/盘圆Cold-rolled steel 冷轧钢Cold joint 冷缝concealed work隐蔽工程Concrete 混凝土Concrete placement 混凝土浇筑Concreting 混凝土浇筑Conductor 导体/导线Conduit 管道Containment 安全壳Construction joint 施工缝Construction scheme 施工方案Contract 合同Contractor 承包商Control 控制/调节Control damper/valve 控制阀Conventional island(CI) 常规岛Cooling tower 冷却塔Corrective action 纠正措施Contingency plan 紧急预案Cover plate 盖板Conveyor belt 传送带Critical path 关键线路Cross beam 横梁CWS 循环水Cure 养护Cushion block 垫块Chute 滑槽Clarify 澄清Dado 墙裙Dead load 静荷载Deformation 变形Deformed bar 变形钢筋/螺纹钢Dental concrete 填平找齐Design change 设计变更Design specification 设计要求Detail design 详细设计Dewater 抽水Developed view 展开图Development length 锚固长度Distribution box 配电箱Displacement 位移Dowel 定位销/轴销Dowel bar 插筋Drainage 排水Drainage ditch/trench 排水沟Drawing 图纸Dumper 翻斗车Effective length 有效长度Effective span 有效跨度Electrical arc welding 电弧焊Electrical conductor 电导体Elevation 标高/立面Elevator 电梯/升降机Elevator pit 电梯井Elongation 伸长率Embedded part 预埋件Erection 安装Excavator 挖掘机Excavation 负挖Execution 执行Expansion joint 伸缩缝External interface 外部接口Fair-faced concrete清水混凝土Feed water pump 给水泵Fence 围栏Foreman 工长Fillet weld 角焊(缝)Fire protection 消防（措施）Flammable material 易燃的材料Flashing 闪蒸/遮雨板/防水板Flitch 木方Floor-area ratio 容积率Floor drain 地漏Foot 英尺Formwork 模板Foundation 地基/基础Foundation beam 基础梁Frame 框架Flange plate 翼缘板Galvanizing 镀锌Gantry 龙门架Gantry crane 龙门起重机Generator 发电机Girder 主梁Grade rod 坡度尺Grader 平土机/推土机Grit/ shot blast 喷砂处理Grounding 接地Grout 水泥浆Gutter 水槽Handrail 扶手Hanger 吊架Hard hat 安全帽Health, safety & environment （HSE）职业健康、安全与环境Heat treatment 热处理Heavy haul road 重型道路Heavy crane 大吊车Hold point 停工待检点/检查点Hoop 箍筋Hook 吊钩Housekeeping 文明施工Hot work 动火作业Hydraulic boom 压力泵Identification 识别/鉴定Illumination 照明Impurity 杂质Inch 英寸Inlet 进水口Input/output 输入/输出Inspection 检查Installation 安装Instruction 说明书/细则Insulation 保温/绝缘Interface 接口Item 物项Isolation joint 隔离缝Jib crane 悬臂式起重机Job hazard analysis（JHA）工作危险因素分析Job safety analysis（JSA）工作安全因素分析Joint design 接缝尺寸Joint detail 节点图Jump form 爬升模板Key 键，销Key plan 平面布置总图Kick-off meeting 开工会议Knee brace 隅掌/膝形拉条Label 标签Labor cost 人工费Ladder 爬梯Landslip 滑坡Landing plate 就位板Lap welding 搭接焊Layout drawing 布置图Leak 泄漏Leak chase pipe 泄露槽管道Life test 寿命试验Lift slab 顶升楼板Lifting lug 吊环Lintel 过梁Load-bearing wall 承重墙Loading 装料，加载Longitudinal seam 纵（焊）缝Longitudinal section 纵剖面Longitudinal bar 纵向钢筋Loop 环路/回路Low alloy steel 低合金钢Lower mudmat 下垫层Lubricant 润滑剂Main beam 主梁Main axis / Major axis 主轴/长轴Man hole 人孔/检查孔Manpower 人力Manual welding 手工焊Manufacturer 制造商Masonry 砌体/砌筑Masonry-concrete structure 砖混结构masonry-timber structure 砖木结构Mass concrete / massive concrete 大体积混凝土Mast section 标准节（塔吊）Mechanical property 机械性能Mechanical strength 机械强度Membrane 薄膜Milestone 里程碑Miscellaneous steel 零星钢Micro pile 微型桩Mobilization order 动员令Mock-up training 模拟培训Model 模型Monitor 监控Mortar 砂浆Mudmat 垫层upper mudmat 上垫层lower mudmat 下垫层National standard 国家标准Near-miss incident 未遂事件Net height 净高Net span 净跨度Net water／cement ratio 净水灰比Nipple 外丝接头/丝头/螺纹接头NNSA 核安全局Nominal power 额定功率Non-shrinking steel 抗变形钢Non-uniform cross section beam 变截面粱Nondestructivetesting/examination（NDE）无损检测/测试Non-conformance report(NCR) 不符合项报告Non-safety related 非核安全相关Normal condition 正常条件/正常状态Normal concrete 普通混凝土Notice of award（NCA）决标通知Nuclear power plant（NPP）核电厂Nuclear safety inspection 核安全检查Office building 办公楼Onsite 厂内Open flame 明火Open item 开口项Open wire 明配线Open trench 明沟Operating condition 运行工况Operating platform 操作平台Outlet 出水口Outline size/dimension 外形尺寸Outline drawing 外形图Outside diameter 外径Overlap 重叠/搭接/焊瘤（焊接）Overload 超载Owner 业主Padding plate 垫板Partition plate 隔板Partition wall 隔墙Penetration 贯穿件Personal protective equipment （PPE）个人防护设备Piping 管道系统Pit liner 基坑衬板Place/pour 浇注（混凝土）Plain （round） bars 普通圆钢Plan 平面图Plant 电厂Position 位置Positioner 定位器/胎具Pre-cast concrete 预制混凝土Pre-job briefing 班前交底Preliminary placement (混凝土)预浇筑Initial setting time 初凝时间Processing 加工Procurement 采购Project cost 工程造价Project execution plan 项目执行大纲Project management 项目管理Project manager 项目经理Pump truck 泵车Purchase order 订购单Quality assurance （QA）质量保证Quality assurance program 质保大纲Quality inspection 质量检查Quality certificate 质量证书Quality control （QC）质量控制Quantity 工程量R rRaceway 电缆通道Rated capacity 额定功率/额定容量Ratio of reinforcement 配筋率Reactor 反应堆Recovery 复工Refuel换料Refueling machine 换料机Reinforced concrete structure 钢筋混凝土结构Rubble concrete 毛石混凝土Reinforcement 钢筋/余高、补强（焊接）Release agent 脱模剂/隔离剂Reliability 可靠性Report point 报告点Response time 响应时间Retention period 保存期Review comment 评审意见Revision 修订版Rework 返工Rigging 索具Rivet 铆钉Rock 岩石Rock wool 岩棉Rolled shape轧制型钢Rotate 旋转Round bar 圆钢Round wire 圆钢丝Routine inspection 常规检查Safekeeping 安全保卫Safety class 安全等级Safety lighting 安全照明Safety net/mesh 安全网Safety-related component 核安全相关设备Safety valve 安全阀Safety warning sign 安全警示牌Sampler 取样器Sand blasting 喷砂处理Scaffolder 架子工Scraper 刮刀Screed 灰饼（用于测量定位的混凝土）Screw 螺丝Sealant 密封剂Secondary beam 次粱Sectional view 剖面图Seismic classification 抗震分级Setting out 放线Setting out operator 放线工Settlement 沉降Segregation 离析Shear force 剪切力Shear reinforcement 抗剪钢筋Shear stud 剪力钉Sheet steel 薄钢板Shield building 屏蔽厂房Shock load 冲击载荷Shock test 冲击试验Shotcrete 喷混Shut down 停堆Slab 板Sleeper timber 枕木Sleeve 套筒Slope area 边坡Slump 坍落度Snug washer 平垫圈Spacing of bars 钢筋间距Span 跨距Spare parts 备品/备件Spent fuel 乏燃料Spot/Tack welding 点焊Stainless steel 不锈钢Stairway 楼梯Staking out 放样Standing water 积水Start up 启动Static pressure 静压力Starter grout 润管砂浆Strand 钢绞线Straw matting 草帘Stay-in-place form 免拆模板Steel plate 钢板Steel section 型钢Steel strip 钢带Steel wire 钢丝Step length 步距/步长Stiffness 刚度Stirrup 箍筋Stop bar 挡板Stop-work order 停工令Storage 储存/仓库Stress 应力Structural steel 钢结构Stud 柱头螺栓Subcontractor 分包商Sump 集水坑Support point 支撑点Supporting plate 支承板Survey 测量Surveyor 测量工Suspended ceilings 吊顶（棚）Suspension frame 悬挂架Switchboard(distribution) 配电盘Spread beam 平衡梁Temporary constructionfacility 生产临建（TCF）Telescopic tube 伸缩套管Tendon 钢筋束Tensile strength 抗拉强度Tension ring 拉力测力计Tension test 拉伸测试Thickness meter 厚度计/测厚仪Thinner 稀释剂Through tie 对拉螺杆Tie bar 拉结钢筋Tire-off 挂扣Tower crane 塔吊Transfer canal 运输通道Truck crane 汽吊Truss 桁架Turbine building 汽轮机厂房Turnover 移交Ultrasonic examination 超声检验Undercut 咬边（焊接）Underground trench 地下管沟Uniform cross-section beam等截面粱Unusual service condition 异常工作条件U-tube U型管Upper head 上封头Vacuum pump 真空泵Valve 阀门Variance 变更Varnish 清漆Vent pipe 通风管Vertical pipe 立管Vibrating spear 振动棒Vibration frequencies 振动频率Visual inspection(or examination) 目视检查Walkway 走道Wall beam 墙梁Warning sign 警示标牌Warranty period 担保期/保用期Washer 垫圈Water truck 洒水车Sewage flow 污水量Water／cement ratio 水灰比Waterproofing material 防水材料Waterstop 止水带Web plate 腹板Weld 焊接Weld crack 焊接裂缝Weld defects 焊接缺陷Weldability 可焊性Welder qualification 焊工资格评定Welding flux 焊剂Welding rod 焊条Welding wire 焊丝Welding sequence 焊接顺序Weld joint 焊缝Wire mesh 钢丝网Wire reinforcement 钢丝配筋Wire rope 钢缆/钢索Witness point 见证点Woodworker 木工Workload 工作负荷Work order 工作指令Work-related injury 工伤Work schedule 工作进度表Work shed 工棚Workshop 车间/研讨会Work site 工作现场Workability 和易性（混凝土）X-brace 剪力撑X-ray identification X射线鉴定Yard area 场区Yield strength 屈服强度Yield point 屈服点Yield test 屈服试验Z-bar Z形钢Zinc dust 锌粉汉英部分A a安装 installation/erection 安全带 safety harness/safety belt安全帽 hard hat/ helmet安全壳 containment安全等级 safety class安全网 safety mat/net安全鞋 safety shoesB b布置图 layout drawing标高 elevation泵车 pump truck泵管 pump pipe边坡 slope area不锈钢 stainless steel不符合项 nonconformance爆破 blastingC c承包商 contractor插筋 dowel bar常规岛（CI） conventional island承包商 contractor采购 procurement/purchase测量 survey测量工 surveyor初凝 initial setting仓库 storage/ warehouse抽水 dewatering冲毛 green cuttingD d打磨 Grind电气 electrical搭接焊 lap welding搭接长度 overlapping length 大体积混凝土 mass concrete / massive concrete 第一罐混凝土浇注 First Concrete Date(FCD)地漏 floor drain电弧焊 electrical arc welding 垫层 mudmat底板 basemat地基 foundation/base垫板 backing plate订购单 purchase order地下管沟 underground trench 大吊车 heavy crane电厂 plantE e二次搬运 double handing二次浇注 second pour二次振捣 secondary vibration F f附属厂房 annex building辅助厂房 auxiliary building 负挖 excavation反应堆 reactor building返工 rework分包商 subcontractor防水材料 waterproofing material放热焊 cadweld非核安全相关的 non-safety related放线 setting out防护眼镜 goggles防雷接地材料 grounding and lightning materialsG g钢筋下料 bending and cutting 赶工 recovery给水泵 feed water pump箍筋 hoop/stirrup箍筋率 stirrup ratio个人防护设备（PPE） personal protective equipment工程造价 project cost钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete structure钢筋支架 rebar support 钢板 steel plate钢盖板/压型钢板 metal deck 钢结构 structural steel钢丝网 wire mesh钢筋 reinforcement/rebar/bar 关键控制点 key control point 供应商 supplier/vendor公差 toleranceH h混凝土 concrete核岛(NI) Nuclear Island合同 contract核电站（NPP） nuclear power plant(混凝土)预浇 pre-placement 会签单 approval page焊接 weld焊缝 weld joint焊条 welding rod核安全相关的 safety related 回填 backfillJ j机械设备 mechanical equipment 基础 foundation基坑 foundation pit基准 bench mark积水 standing water计算高度 calculated height计算误差 calculation error技术规格书 specification给水 water supply净高 net height角焊 fillet weld接地 grounding接口 interface搅拌站 batch plant竣工图 as-built drawing决标 award of bid浇筑令 pour card剪力撑 cross bracing/X-brace 监控 monitor脚手架 scaffold进度计划 schedule检查 inspection 见证点 witness pointK k开工令 authorized to proceed 抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement 抗拉强度 tensile strength抗压强度 compression strength 抗震设计 seismic design控制点 hold point控制缝 control joint孔洞 pores框架结构 frame structure扣件 couplerL l拉撑 tension brace拉杆 tie rod拉力 tensile force拉条 brace拉力试验 tensile test拉毛 broom-finishing蓝图规划 blueprint planning 冷焊 cold weld冷拉钢筋 cold-drawn rebar冷弯 cold bending梁 beam连接 connection联系钢筋 bracing reinforcement 连续施工 continuous construction裂缝 crack临界弯矩 critical bending moment龙门吊 gantry crane楼梯 stair楼面 floor螺栓 bolt螺栓锚件 bolt anchor螺纹钢筋 thread rebar里程碑 milestone零星钢 miscellaneous steelM m麻面 pockmark锚固件 anchor锚固螺栓 anchor bolt毛石混凝土 rubble concrete 明沟 open trench木工 woodworker模块 module抹灰 plastering免拆模板stay-in-place formwork (SIP)N n耐火极限 refractory limit耐火门 fireproof door挠度 bending deflection鸟瞰图 birds-eye view牛腿 Bracket凝结时间 setting time女儿墙 parapet wallO o偶然荷载 accidental load耦合应力 coupling stressP p排水 drainage/drain排水沟 drainage ditch/trench 配电箱 distribution box配筋 reinforcing bar配筋率 reinforcement ratio配合比 mixproportion/ratio/design配重 counter weight平面布置图 layout plan喷砂处理 sand blasting喷混 shotcrete屏蔽厂房 shield building培训 training/orientation坡口焊 groove welding剖面图 sectional drawing普通混凝土 common concreteQ q汽车吊 mobile crane汽轮机厂房 turbine building 砌体 masonry砌块 block强度计算 strength calculation 穹顶 dome屈服荷载 yield load屈服面 yield surfaceR r 热处理 heat treatment人力动员 manpower mobilization 人工清理 hand cleaning人孔 manhole热轧 hot-rolled容许荷载 allowable loadS s设备 equipment洒水车 water truck砂浆 mortar设计坐标 design coordinate伸缩缝 expansion joint施工缝 construction joint施工详图 construction details 施工方案 construction scheme 施工程序 construction procedure施工单位 construction unit水灰比 water／cement ratio水泥 cement水泥浆 grout水平尺 level bar水平加劲肋 horizontal stiffener水平角 horizontal angle水平距离 horizontal distance 手工焊 manual welding说明（书） instructions上垫层 upper mudmat索赔 claim施工令 work order试块 cylinder/ test block生产临建 temporary construction facilities塑料管/钢管 plastic pipe / steel pipe试验 testT t踏步板 tread填平找齐 dental concrete涂层 coating塌落 landsilde坍落度 slump停工令 stop-work order 塔吊 tower crane通风管 vent pipe套筒 sleeveW w挖掘机 excavator外脚手架 exterior scaffolding 外墙 external wall弯曲钢筋 bend bar围栏 fence/ barricade位移 displacement委托书 entrusted letter温度 temperature屋顶 roof屋面 roofing屋檐泛水 eaves flashing无损检测nondestructive examination误差 errorX x系杆 bracing/tie bar细骨料 fine aggregate下垫层 lower mudmat修订版 revision先决条件 pre-condition/prerequisite现场 onsite/field现场浇注混凝土 poured-in-place concrete现场预制 site prefabrication 详图 detail drawing项目经理 project manager项目风险 construction project risk消防车 fire vehicle消防栓 hydrant雪荷载 snow load循环水 circulating water/flow Y y压型钢板 profiled steelsheet/metal deck验收 acceptance岩石 rock养护 cure业主 owner 雨季施工 construction in rainy season雨棚 canopy预算 budget预埋件 embedment预付款 advance payment预制混凝土 pre-cast concrete 油漆 painting翼缘 flange wall允许偏差 deviation permitZ z造价 cost早强剂 early-strength admixture找平层 leveling coat职业健康、安全与环境（HSE）Health, safety & environment 制造商 manufacturer支付节点 payment milestone砖混结构 masonry-concrete structure砖木结构 masonry-timber structure质量保证（QA） quality assurance质量检查 quality inspection 质量检验 quality test质量审核 quality audit质保大纲 quality assurance program证书 certificate振动棒 vibrating spear/rod 止水带 waterstop凿毛 roughen终凝 final setting总包合同general contract agreement纵向钢筋 longitudinal reinforcement纵向焊缝 longitudinal weld 坐标 coordinate执行版 CFC工程术语缩写A aACI American ConcreteInstitute 美国混凝土协会ALWR Advanced Light Water Reactor 先进的轻水反应堆ANSI American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准协会ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师协会ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 美国材料与试验协会AWS 美国焊接协会B bBOP Balance of plant 电厂配套设施C cCAR Correct action request 修正措施申请CEAR Civil & erection all risk 建安一切险CMT Core Makeup Tank 堆芯给水罐CNS Containment System 安全壳系统CNZC 中原建设公司CMCC 中冶CNCC 中混COSCO 中远CPIPEC 中电投CWS Circulating Water System 循环水系统D dDDS Data Display and Processing System 数据显示和处理系统DOS Standby Diesel Fuel Oil System 备用柴油机燃油系统DRS Drain System排水系统E e E&DCR Engineering & Design Coordination Report 工程设计与协调报告EFS Communication Systems 通讯系统EGS Grounding and Lightning Protection System 接地防雷保护系统ELS Plant Lighting System (Bldg) 电站照明系统（各厂房）ELS Plant Lighting System (Yard) 电站照明系统（室外）F fFCD First Concrete Date 第一罐混凝土浇注FCR Field Change Request 现场变更请求FHS Fuel Handling and Refueling System 装换料系统FPS Fire Protection System 消防系统FWO Field Work Order 现场工作指令FWS Main Feedwater System 主给水系统G gGDC General Design Criteria 一般设计标准H hHSE Health, Safety & Environment 职业健康、安全与环境I iI&C Instrumentation and Control 监测和控制IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 电气与电子工程师协会ITP Inspection Test Plan 检查试验计划J jJHA Job Hazards Analysis 工作危险分析JPMO Joint Project Management Organization 联合项目管理机构JSA Job Safety Analysis工作安全分析M mMCC Motor Control Center 电动机控制中心MCR Main Control Room 主控制室MHS Mechanical Handling System 机械操作系统MSR Material Substitution Request 材料代换请求N nNCR Nonconformance Report 不符合项报告NDE/T Non-Destructive Evaluation/Test 无损探伤检测●?PT 渗透检测●?MT 磁粉检测●?RT 射线检测●?UT 超声波检测NEC National Electrical Code 国家电气规范NI Nuclear Island 核岛NNSA 核安全局NOA Notice of Award 中标通知书NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission 核管理委员会O oOCS Operation and Control centers 运行和控制中心P pPGS Plant Gas Systems 电站气体系统PLS Plant Control System 电厂控制系统PMS Protection and Safety Monitoring System 保护和安全监控系统PPE Personal Protective Equipment 个人防护用品PQR Procedure Qualification Record 工艺评定记录PSAR Preliminary Safety Analysis Report 初步安全分析报告PWS Potable Water System 饮用水系统Q qQA Quality Assurance 质量保证QC Quality Control 质量控制QOR Quality observation report 质量观测报告R rRCP Reactor Coolant Pump 反应堆冷却剂泵RCS Reactor Coolant System 反应堆冷却系统RFI Request for Information 信息需求RMS Radiation Monitoring System辐射监测系统RWS Raw Water System 原水系统RXS Reactor System反应堆系统S sSDS Sanitary Drainage System 生活污水排放系统SES Plant Security System 电厂安全系统SNPEC State Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation 国家核电工程公司SPMO Site Project Management Organization 现场项目管理机构SNPTC State Nuclear Power Technology Corporation 国家核电技术公司SFS Spent Fuel Pool Cooling System 乏燃料池冷却系统SGS Steam Generator System 蒸汽发生器系统SJS Seismic Monitoring System 地震监测系统SSD System Specification Document 系统技术规范文件SWS Service Water System 厂区用水系统T tTCF Temporary Construction Facility 生产临建V vVFS Containment Air Filtration System 安全壳空气过滤系统VTS Turbine Building Ventilation System 汽轮机厂房通风系统VUS Containment Leak Rate Test System 安全壳泄漏率试验系统VWS Central chilled Water System 中央冷冻水系统VYS Hot Water Heating System 热水加热系统W wWGS Gaseous Radwaste System 气体废物系统WLS Liquid Radwaste System 液体废物系统WRS Radioactive Waste Drain System 放射性废物疏排系统WSS Solid Radwaste System 固体废物系统WWS Wastewater System 废水系统WPS Welding Procedure Specification 焊接工艺规程Z zZAS Main Generation System 主发电系统图纸类别：Detail 详图Development view 展开图Elevation drawing 立面图General arrangement drawing 总布置图Key plan 索引图、平面布置总图Layout 布置图Location drawing 位置图Looking east 西视图Outline drawing 轮廓图Plan 平面图Profile view 侧视图Section view 剖视图Sketch 草图、略图、简图厂房编号10 NI 核岛11 Containment building 安全壳厂房12 Auxiliary building 辅助厂房40 Annex building 辅助厂房50 Radwaste building核废料厂房60 Diesel generator building 柴油发电机厂房螺栓的部分种类Anchor bolt 锚固螺栓Head studs 带头螺柱Headed bolts 带头螺栓Heavy hex bolt 大六角螺栓Hex bolt 六角螺栓Expansion anchors 膨胀螺栓，Undercut anchors 切底螺栓脚手架词汇脚手架 Scaffold扣件式脚手架 tube and coupler scaffold脚手板 plank大横杆/横向水平杆 runner小横杆/纵向水平杆 bearer立杆 post水平杆 horizontal brace斜杆 diagonal brace连墙件wall penetration (hold) 扫地杆 bottom brace/ground bars盘扣式脚手架 ring-lock scaffold剪刀撑系统 cross bracing/X- bracing十字扣件/直角扣件 rigid clamp 旋转扣件 swivel clamp密目式安全网 fine mesh safety net人行斜道 access /walkway/ramp 护栏 guardrail扶手 handrail 挡脚板toe board休息平台rest platform作业平台 working platform图纸词汇缩写@ AT 位于AB ANCHOR BOLT 锚固螺栓ADDL ADDITIONAL 附加/补充ADJ ADJACENT 邻近/附近B/B BACK TO BACK 紧接BC BOLT CIRCLE 螺栓附近BETW BETWEEN 之间BLDG BUILDING 建筑物/厂房BLT BOLT 螺栓BLW BELOW 下方BM BEAM 横梁BOC BOTTOM OF CONCRETE 砼底面BOS BOTTOM OF STEEL 钢底面BOT BOTTOM 底面/底部BP BASE PLATE 基础底板BS BOTH SIDES 两侧C/C CENTER TO CENTER 中心距CCB CONCRETE BLOCK 混凝土试块CCW COUNTERCLOCKWISE 逆时针CHKD CHECKERED 方格的CIR CIRCLE 环状物，圆周CJ CONSTRUCTION JOINT 施工缝、CL “CLEARANCE, CLEAR”CLJ CONTROL JOINT 控制缝CLR CLEAR 净距COL COLUMN 柱子CONC CONCRETE 混凝土间隙/缝隙CONN CONNECTION 结点/连接CONSTR CONSTRUCTION 建筑/建造CONT CONTINUOUS 连续/持续COORD COORDINATE 坐标COR CORNER 角CS CARBON STEEL 碳钢CTJ CONTRACTION JOINT 收缩缝CW CLOCKWISE 顺时针CY CUBIC YARD 立方码DBC DIAMETER BOLT CIRCLE 螺栓直径DET DETAIL 详图DIA DIAMETER 直径DIM DIMENSION 尺寸DN DOWN 向下DO DITTO 同上DWG DRAWING 图纸DWL DOWEL 插筋EA EACH 各个/每个EF EACH FACE 每面EL or ELEV ELEVATION 标高EMB EMBED, EMBEDDED 预埋EQ EQUAL 相等/等同ES EACH SIDE 个侧面EW EACH WAY 各方/每个方向EXP EXPANSION 延伸率/伸缩EXP JT EXPANSION JOINT 伸缩缝 FAB FABRICATION 制作/加工FD FLOOR DRAIN 地漏FDN FOUNDATION 基础/地基FIN FINISH 饰面FL FLOOR 场地/地板/楼层FLG FLANGE 边缘/法兰FS FAR SIDE 远侧FT FOOT OR FEET 英尺FTG FOOTING 地基/平面GA GAGE 标准度量/计量器GDR GUARD RAIL 防护围栏GL GIRT LINE 包围线GR GRADE 等级/坡度的GRTG GRATING 光栅/（门窗的）栅栏GUT GUTTER 水槽/排水沟H GALV HOT GALVANIZED 热镀HEX HEXAGONAL 六角的HGR HANGER 吊架HGT HEIGHT 高度HORIZ HORIZONTAL 水平点HP HIGH POINT 高位点HR HANDRAIL 栏杆/扶手HS HIGH STRENGTH 高强度ID INSIDE DIAMETER 内径IJ ISOLATION JOINT 隔离缝IN INCH 英寸INFO INFORMATION 信息IR INSIDE RADIUS 内JT JOINT 接缝/连接处KPL KICK PLATE 门脚护板/刮板 L “LONG, LENGTH” 长度LAD LADDER 梯子LB POUND 捣碎LDG LANDING 楼梯平台LL LIVE LOAD 活荷载LNTL LINTEL 过梁/楣LP LOW POINT 低位点LYP LAYER 层MATL MATERIAL 材料MAX MAXIMUM 最大MB MACHINE BOLT 机械螺丝MIN MINIMUM 最小MISC MISCELLANEOUS 杂项MK MARK 型号标识MO MASONRY OPENING 砖石窗孔MWP MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING 防水膜NA NOT APPLICABLE 不适用/无NF NEAR FACE左面NO NUMBER编号NOM NOMINAL公称，额定NS NEAR SIDE邻侧NTS NOT TO SCALE 不成比例OC ON CENTER位于中心OD OUTSIDE DIAMETER外径OPNG OPENING孔，开口，通路OPP OPPOSITE反向PEJ PREMOLDED EXPANSION JOINT 预制伸缩缝PEN PENETRATION贯穿件PL PLATE金属板PLATF PLATFORM平台PLC PLACES场地PRCST PRECAST预制PREFAB PREFABRICATED预制PRELIM PRELIMINARY初步的PROJ PROJECTION凸出部分PS PIPE SUPPORT管道支撑PSL PIPE SLEEVE管套R RISER楼梯踏步竖板RAD RADIUS半径REF REFERENCE参考文件REINF REINFORCING钢筋REQ’D REQUIRED规定的RM ROOM房间RND ROUND圆形SCHED SCHEDULE 清单SECT SECTION 剖面SH SHEET 板层SIM SIMILAR 类似SLV SLEEVE 套筒SPLC SPLICE 接头/搭接SPRT SUPPORT 支撑SQ SQUARE 方形的/平方SQ FT SQUARE FOOT 平方英尺SQ IN SQUARE INCH 平方英寸SST STANDARD 标准STIR STIRRUP 箍筋STL STEEL 钢STRL STRUCTURAL 结构的STWY STAIRWAY 楼梯SYMM SYMMETRICAL 对称的T TREAD OR TON踏板或吨T&B TOP AND BOTTOM 顶部和底部THD THREAD 螺纹THKNS THICKNESS 厚度THUR THROUGH 通过/穿过TK TANK 罐体TOC TOP OF CONCRETE 混凝土顶部TOF TOP OF FOUNDATION 基础顶部TOG TOP OF GROUTING 灌浆顶部TOS TOP OF STEEL 钢材顶部TYP TYPICAL 标准的/典型的ULT ULTIMATE 极限/临界UON UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED 特殊说明除外VERT VERTICAL 垂直W/ WITH 具有/配备W/O WITHOUT 无WD WIDTH 宽度WP WORK POINT 施工点WTRPFR WATERPROOF 防水层XSECT CROSS SECTION 横截面XSTR EXTRA STRONG 超强度英语建筑专业词汇a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件I. STAIRCASE、LANDING &LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语 【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】 【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】 【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】 【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】 【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】 【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】【Building Hardware 建筑五金】 【Paint 油漆】k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS其它建筑术语【Discipline 专业】 【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【Drafting 制图】a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据计划建议书 planning proposals 设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes 条件图 information drawing设计基础资料 basic data for design工艺流程图 process flowchart 工程地质资料 engineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度 schedule of design b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段方案 scheme, draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判 negotiation可行性研究 feasibility study 初步设计 preliminary design 基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图 enquiry drawing施工图 working drawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built drawingc. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 日照 sunshine风玫瑰 wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder andlightning飓风 hurricane台风 typhoon旋风 cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature 干球温度 dry bulb temperature 冰冻期 frost period冰冻线 frost line冰冻区 frost zone室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision不采暖地区 region without heating provision绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidity d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称办公室 office服务用房 service room换班室 shift room休息室 rest room (break room) 起居室 living room 浴室 bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室 locker room厕所 lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊 corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room车库 garage清洁间 cleaning room会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room衣柜间 ward robe饭店 restaurant餐厅 canteen, dining room厨房 kitchen入口 entrance接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室 laboratory room经理室 manager room披屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed 二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt 檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof汇水面积 catchment area泛水 flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage滴水 drip屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚 ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board防水层 water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 manhole吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) cornicef. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) 砖墙 brick wall砌块墙 block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 longitudinal wall横墙 transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙 internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window 空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall遮阳板 sunshade阳台 balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joint复合夹心板 sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weightpartition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟 地坪 grade地面和楼面 ground and floor。
简单柱状图英语作文真题
简单柱状图英语作文真题Okay, here's an example of a simple bar chart description in English, following the requirements you mentioned:The bar chart reveals some fascinating trends in recent years. One thing that caught my eye is the skyrocketing sales of smartphones. The blue bar representing smartphones is towering over the others, almost twice as tall as the next highest one. That's incredible growth!And speaking of growth, let's talk about laptops. The red bar representing laptops is also on an upward trajectory, but not as steep as smartphones. It seems like people still value the portability and functionality of laptops, but smartphones are clearly winning the race for popularity.Now, let's take a look at the yellow bar representing tablets. It's interesting to note that tablets are laggingbehind, almost half the size of the laptop bar. Maybe it's because they don't offer the same level of flexibility as laptops or the convenience of smartphones.Lastly, the green bar representing desktop computers is the shortest of all. It seems like desktops are becoming less and less popular as technology advances and people prefer more portable options. But hey, there's still a small group of loyal desktop users out there!In conclusion, the bar chart paints a clear picture of how technology preferences are shifting. Smartphones are king, laptops are still relevant, tablets are struggling, and desktops are becoming less common. It's fascinating to see how quickly things can change in the digital world!。
中石化英语水平测试-图表写作
图表写作Sample sentences in Graph and Table Writing 1.the table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...该表格描述了在...年之...年间...数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that...该柱状图展示了……3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding...该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
4.the diagram shows (that)...该图向我们展示了……5.the pie graph depicts (that)....该圆形图揭示了……6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of...这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
7.the figures/statistics show (that)...数据(字)表明……8.the tree diagram reveals how...该树型图向我们揭示了如何……9.the data/statistics show (that)...该数据(字)可以这样理解……10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that...这些数据资料令我们得出结论……11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table...如图所示……13.as is shown in the table...如表格所示……14.as can be seen from the diagram, gre at changes have taken place in…从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
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专业英语试题
集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-
衡阳师范学院化学与材料科学学院2015年下学期2011级
高分子材料与工程和应用化学专业《专业英语》期末考试A 卷
(开卷考试)
一、选择一个
最合适的答案填在下面表格中。
（共15小题，每小题3分，共45分）
B. elimination?
C. displacement
D. substitution?
5. The__________structure of CH 4 has been verified by electron diffraction because of sp 3 hybridization.
A. flatsquare
B. paralleltetragonal
C. tetrahedral
D. tetragonal? 6.Theoctetrule?sim
plystatesthatanatomtendstogainorloseelectronsuntilthereare electronsinitsvalentshell. A.12
B. 8
C. 6
D. 12
7.WhenwatercombineswithpureCuSO 4,a CuSO 45H 2O?forms. A. hydrogenate
B. hydrate?
C. hydrocarbon
D. hydride?
8.In a molecule of CH 4, the hydrogen atoms are spatially
oriented toward the centers of a regular . A. pyramid B. tetrahedron C. square D. rectangle
9.The substances on the left side of a chemical equation are known as . A. reactant(s) B. reactor(s) C. reductant(s) D.
reaction(s)
10.Theseawaterissalinesolution.Todesalinateseawateristheprocess to salt?component.
A.add
B. dilute?
C. concentrate?
D. remove
11.Thereare(is) pairedelectronsinhydrogen. A. 1? B. 2 C. 3 D. 4?
12.Thevalentelectronicconfigurationforfluorineis . A. 1s 2 B. 2s 2 C. 2s 22p 5? D. 2s 22p 4 13.Which of the following belongs to the family of nitrites
A. HNO 3
B. KNO 2
C. Mg 3N 2
D. NH 3
14. Which of the following reaction will occur when we blend an acid with a alcohol?
A. elimination
B. replacement
C. esterification
D. neutralization
15.Whichofthefollowingbelongstotransitionmetal A.S B. Na C. He D. V
二、词汇题 (将中文词组翻译成英文；对英文和缩写给
出中文释义；共 20分, 每题2分)
1. tetrahedron
2. chiral molecule
3. VSEPR
4. CFSE
5. benzyl
6. 过氧化物
7. 阴离子
8. 滴定 (n. )
9. 滤液 10. 天平 三、化学物质与命名 (将下表中物质的化学式、英文名和中文名填写完整；共 20分 每题 2 分)
于其他科学家能够重复你的实验和证实你的实验结果。
3. Evidence has shown that several workers exposed to vinyl chloride during their work have died from a rare form of liver cancer.
4. The advent of thermodynamics, meanwhile, brought organic chemistry still closer in line with the inorganic branch by
demonstrating that there was no need to distinguish a mysterious vital force from the energy changes that drive inorganic reactions.
5. Distillation is an extremely useful technique that is used to purify reagents and separate crude product mixtures. There are two varieties of distillation atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure.。