201410月广东高等教育英语教育自学考试外语教学心理学真题
全国2014年10月自学考试05616心理测量与评估试题答案
全国2014年10月高等教育自学考试心理测量与评估试卷课程代码：05616一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1．参照点是确定事物的量时计算的（A）1-2A．起点B．中点C．终点D．重点2．我国的科举制产生于（C）1-13A．秦代B．汉代C．隋代D．唐代3．下列属于名义量尺测量实例的是•（B）1-3A．品德评定B．身份证号码C．温度D．身高4．甲班35人英语期末考试的平均数是70分，若将所有学生的成绩转换成标准分数，则按标准分数计算的平均数是（A）2-46A．0 B．1C．2 D．705．甲班60名学生的数学成绩与其物理成绩之间的相关系数为0.6,若取数学成绩最好的20人重新计算其数学成绩与物理成绩间的相关，则相关系数通常会（C）2-56A．等于0.2 B．不变C．变大D．变小6．下列选项中，通常不属于．．．测验标准化要求的是（C）3-71/72A．测验过程B．测验内容C．测验施测者D．分数解释7．下列描述中，一般不能．．作为选择测验依据的是（D）3-80A．测验的目的B．被试的特点C．测验的质量D．测验是否是新近编制8．下列主试的做法，不会．．造成被试在测验中产生过度焦虑的是（A）3-86A．告诉被试测验题项没有正确答案B．告诉被试将根据测验完成质量进行奖惩，要求其尽力做好测验C．催促被试尽快完成测验D．以测验威胁被试，使其循规蹈矩9．下列未使用．．．标准分数线性转换的测试为（B）4-117A．韦克斯勒智力测验B．格塞尔儿童动作发展最表C．美国的大学入学考试D．我国的大学四、六级考试10．一般而言，当鉴别力较好，测验题目的难度系数接近于（B）4-104A．1 B．0.5C．0 D．-111．某大型企业组织招工考试，考试成绩分布为正态，其平均分为72分，标准差为8,若这次考试的录取率约为50%，则该考试的录取分数约为（C）2-44A．64 B．68C．72 D．7612．高考分数与后来在高校学习的成绩之间的相关属于（A）5-142/151A．预测效度B．同时效度C．课程效度D．统计效度13．既影响信度也影响效度的误差是（C）5-155A．随机误差B．系统误差C．抽样误差D．评分误差14．第一个对智力进行系统研究的学者是（C）6-163A．比纳B．达尔文C．高尔顿D．斯皮尔曼15．在斯皮尔旦的智力二因素论中，一般智力指的是（A）6-190A．g因素B．s因素C．言语因素D．操作因素16．EPQ中的效度量表是（D）7-211A．P B．NC．E D．L17．CPI主要用于（D）7-208A．特殊才能的筛选B．神经病的评估C．情绪的评定D．健康人格的测量18．16PF中其题目用0、1计分的因索是（B）7-209A．实验性B．聪慧性C．敢为性D．自律性19．SCL-90采用的评分级数是（C）8-233A．3级B．4级C．5级D．6级20．焦虑自评量表（SAS）包括的项目数是（C）8-242A．10 B．15C．20 D．30二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）21.下列有关测验常模的特点，在判断测验优劣时应当着重考虑的是（ACDE）3-80，4-106 A．常模团体的代表性B．常模团体的取样是否来自于不同文化背景或不同地区C．常模资料的时效性，是否为最新D．常模编制时选取了大量的人群E．常模是否经过修订22.属于发展常模的是（ABE）4-108/110A．年龄常模B．年级常模C．全国常模D．组内常模E．顺序常模23.估计同质性信度的方法主要有（ACD）5-137~139A．分半信度B．同时性信度C．库德-理查逊信度D．克伦巴赫α系数E．考查测验长度24.属于效度的验证方法的有（BDE）5-147A．整体效度B．结构效度C．表面效度D．内容效度E．效标关联效度25.下列关于流体智力与晶体智力的描述中，正确的是（BCD）6-192A．流体智力相当于g因素B．流体智力主要功能是学习新知识和解决新问题C．晶体智力主要功能是处理熟悉的、已经加工过的问题D．流体智力随着年龄增加而下降E．晶体智力随着年龄增加而下降三、名词解释题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）26.测验复本3-70答：为保证某些实用需要，有的测验要有等值的两份或多份不同形式的测验，被称为测验复本。
(完整word版)广东省高等教育自学考试外语教学心理学名词解释、简答题、论述题
名词解释题P336动机：则是促进达到目标的动因，动机通常产生于某种需要。
P185记忆：是过去经验在人脑中的反映，也是人类对客观现实的反映。
P77复用：指的是在记忆中再现某种材料，也就是在没有言语信息输入的情况下主动地再现材料。
P23社会学习理论：采纳行为主义的塑造原理，而且与注意做中学生相比，更主张人类进行的大量学习是通过观察别人的熟练反应（或读到有关报导或看到有关照片），然后再努力模仿示范者的反应才完成的。
P334态度：是一个人对待外在事物、活动或自身的思想行为所持的一种向与背、是与否的概括的倾向性。
P124词汇检索：人脑中存在类似词典的内部词汇，从记忆中寻找提取这些词汇的信息称为词汇检索。
P344智商：表示人的智力水平的一种相对量数为智商，即心理年龄（MA）与实际年龄（CA）之比。
P8习得：就是在自然的交际情景中使用语言而发展语言能力。
P30图式：是构成可能有组织或结构的行为类型的认知能力。
P71技能:是顺利完成某种认为的活动方式，包括心智活动方式。
P209前摄抑制: 指先学习的材料对后学习的材料的保持所产生的干扰作用。
P246语法教学的归纳法: 归纳的过程即由特殊到一般的过程。
采用归纳法的进行语法教学，在学习者就特定结构的使用进行练习之前，先让他们接触一定数量的实例，使从中概括出该结构的有关规则。
P330随意注意: 具有自觉的目的，而且要求作一定的意志努力的注意。
P87语感：在心理学上应属于被称为理智感的情感范畴，是对语言的感性反映。
是语言联系和关系的所有感性反映形式构成的巨大而复杂的感性复合体。
P205命题: 命题是句子的储存方式，也是句子记忆的基本单位，命题是关于一个或几个概念的判断，命题由一个谓语和一个或数个中项组成。
简答题P270习得活动一般分为哪几类？1.交流情感活动；2.解决问题活动；3.游戏活动；4.吸取新知识活动。
P217什么是词的中心意义和具体意思？请举例说明。
1)词的具体意义指的是词对所表客体或现象的关系。
201410月广东高等教育英语教育自学考试外语教学心理学真题-(22069)
完美 WORD 格式资料2013 年 10 月广东省高等教育自学考试外语教学心理学试卷（课程代码 11500 ）重要提示：1、本试卷共 3 页，满分 100 分；考试时间 150 分钟。
2、应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求作答，答在试卷上无效。
一、单项选择题（本大题共10 小题，每小题10 分，共 10 分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.20 世纪 60 年代中叶出现的 ___, 以认知心理学为基础。
A．听说法 B. 直接法 C. 翻译法 D. 认知法2.亚里斯多德曾提出过控制思维的过程的三条联想规律：接近律、相似律和A．准备律 B. 练习律 C. 对比律 D. 效果律3.1787 年，德国生物学家 ___就尝试记录过一个儿童的语言发展，后来有不少心理学家和语言学家进行类似的研究。
A. 托尔曼B. 苛勒C. 蒂德曼D. 考夫卡4.在人们的短时记忆中，字母 D常混淆为 T，而不是 O，这是因为人们在短时记忆阶段主要依靠A. 视觉编码B. 听觉编码C. 动觉编码D. 语义编码５.知觉的 ___在于人们所知觉的，不是抽象的形象，而是实际存在的客体的形象。
完美 WORD 格式资料A. 选择性B. 具体性C. 恒常性D. 意义性6.下列活动中，不属于习得活动的是．．．A. 交流情感活动B. 背诵单词活动C. 游戏活动D. 解决问题活动7. 把“ Katz and Fodor ”说成“ Fatz and Kodor ”的口误属于 ____ 型口误A. 颠倒B. 预置C. 反复D. 混合8.研究表明，语段的基本概念单位是A. 图式B. 命题C. 反射D. 句子9.艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线反映的是 ____与记忆的关系。
A. 时间因素B. 材料性质因素C. 材料数量因素D. 输入方式因素10.“尽量使提供的信息是真实的，不说任何你认为是虚假的东西”是格赖斯会话原则中的A. 关系原则B. 方式原则C. 质的原则D. 量的原则二、填空题（本大题共10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分）错填、不填均无分。
2014年广东高考英语真题卷（word版）附答案详解
teenagers have have 1 2 parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 3 parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children‟s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually xkb1when parents blame them for 5 The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 problems. However, some approaches are more 7 untidiness, but 8 who let teenagers experience the 10 9 . On the contrary, those forced to 11 Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to 14 their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1616——25的相应位置上。
2014年10月自学考试《英语(二)》真题卷及答案解析
2014年10月全国高等教育自学考试试题英语（二）试题（课程代码00015）第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B或C）填在答题纸的相应位置上。
The Stranger Who Changed My LifeIt was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi，looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital，l found a man running down the hospital steps，waving at me.I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport，please，“ he said. As always，I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments，he started saying，“How do you like driving a taxi?”‘s i t’ s OK，”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.”“ What do you do?” I asked.“I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ”Many times during long rides，l’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help，”Could I ask a favor of you?”He didn't answer. “I have a son，15，a good kid. He wants a job this summer. is it possible that you get one for him?”He still wasn't talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “ Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record. ”He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview.Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession.Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center.1. The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. The taxi driver liked talking with his customers.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. The taxi driver had two children.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. The taxi driver became Dr. Plum' s friend.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Robbie joined in a summer research project.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Robbie gradually got interested in medicine.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Robbie finally became a doctor at New York Hospital.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. Big opportunities can come out of ordinary meetings.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）Talk to Your Kids about Their Eating Habits CarefullyWeight is never an easy subject. It can be risky for parents to raise the issue of eating habits and weight with their kids.“No kid ever lost weight because his mother told him he was fat,” a friend told me when I was worried about my son’s weight.It turns out she was right, according to a new study. The study was directed by Dr. Berge at University of Minnesota. She found that kids whose parents discussed eating in a healthy way were les. s likely to have eating problems. But 64% of the kids whose parents focused on their weight turned to unhealthy eating behaviors. Some kids went on extreme diets, and others even ate no food. So eating disorders were caused. Things were worse when fathers joined in the discussions with their daughters and focused on weight. “Fathers should never comment on their daughters’weight,” says Berge.Instead, she suggests, fathers should focus on their daughters' interests. That can help them feel loved and confident enough to work on their weight issues.How should parents talk to kids about. eating behaviors? According to Berge, they should avoid focusing on how much their kids weigh. They should talk to them about being healthy. Don't compare them with others. Ideally, both parents should share the responsibility. If that' s not possible, choose the parent whose words cause the least amount of stress and who demonstrates healthy eating.11. The writer' s friend advised her not to .A. worrv about her son's weightB. take the risk of gaining weightC. change her own eating habitsD. talk to her son about his weight12. The study found that some kids had fewer eating problems because they ________.A. learned to eat healthilyB. took part in the studyC. focused on their weightD. believed the scientists13. When told about their fatness, some kids _____________.A. felt helplessB. became angryC. began to eat no foodD. refused to take any advice14. If a father focuses on his daughter' s interests, she will feel ____________.A. amusedB. encouragedC. surprisedD. challenged15. When taking to their kids about eating behaviors, parents should ______________.A. focus on being healthyB. use short and simple wordsC. respect their kids' viewsD. compare their kids with others第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16—20题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21~ 25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B、C、D、E或F）填在答题纸的相应位.Plagiarism（剽窃）①You just found some good .stuff on the Web for your science report. You copy a paragraph and paste it into your report. Then you continue your research. But you just made a big mistake. You committed plagiarism. Plagiarism is when you use someone else' s words or ideas and pretend that they are yours. It' s not allowed in school, college, or beyond.②The word" plagiarism" comes from Latin. It means stealing a person' s ideas. But it' s not always easy to tell what is plagiarism and what is not. Sometimes, it's accidental. You really intended to do your own work, yet ended up with some sentences that sound just like something you’ve read.③Though plagiarism can be accidental, it's sometimes done on purpose. That' s just being lazy. By copying whole paragraphs from different places, you don't have to spend the time thinking about the subject, gathering your own thoughts about it, and then putting them into original words. Cut, paste, and you’re done.④Most schools are pretty strict about plagiarism, If you’re caught, your graduation will be delayed or worse. At the very least, you’re probably going to fail the assignment. When you’re older and in college, some schools will kick out students who plagiarize. When you’re kicked out of one college, it can be hard to get into another.⑤To be on the safe side, always make it clear where the information comes from. You need to write references. That’s a list of the sources you used for a project or report. To do that,you’re need to know the author, the title, and the date it was published. If you write something really great, maybe some day someone will quote you in a report.Task 116. Paragraph①:17. Paragraph②:1 8. Paragraph③:19. Paragraph④:20. Paragraph⑤:Task 221. You commit plagiarism when you ________22. Sometimes it is hard to tell whether_________23. Copying whole paragraphs can ____________.24. Once caught for plagiarism,_______________25.If you publish something great, people may____.第四部分：填句补文（第26～30题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并将所选答案的代码（指A、B、C、D、E或F）填在答题纸的相应位置上。
高等教育自学考试英语(二)真题2014年10月
高等教育自学考试英语(二)真题2014年10月(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、课程代码：00015(总题数：1，分数：0.00)二、第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）(总题数：1，分数：10.00) The Stranger Who Changed My Life It was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi，looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital， l found a man running down the hospital steps，waving at me. I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport，please，“ he said. As always，I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments，he started saying，“How do you like driving a taxi?” ‘sit’ s OK，”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.” “ What do you do?” I asked. “I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ” Many times during long rides，l’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help，”Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn't answer. “I have a son，15，a good kid. He wants a job this summer. is it possible that you get one for him?” He still wasn't talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “ Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him se nd me his school record. ” He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him. Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview. Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession. Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center. （分数：10.00）(1).The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride.（分数：1.00）A.TrueB.False √C.Not Given解析：[解析] 题干大意：医生向出租车司机大声叫喊要乘车。
广东省高等教育英语教育外语教学心理学自学考试总结选择题
总结选择题1)亚里斯多德就曾提出控制思维过程的三条联想规律：接近律，相似律，对比律。
2)在交际活动中有三个主要因素：1.说话者；2.听话者；3.信息系统。
3)知识的特点是可以理解和记忆。
4)技能的特点是可以模仿和练习。
5)三种掌握外语言语技能的基本形式：领会式掌握、复用式掌握和活用式掌握。
6)早在1861年，布罗卡就发现左脑额下回和言语表达有关，是词的运动表象中枢。
7)言语实践是形成语感的决定因素。
先天素质和掌握相应的理论知识在一定程度上有助于语感的形成。
8)言语产生过程主要包含计划和执行这两个步骤。
9)通常记忆按记忆内容可划分为形象记忆、逻辑记忆、情绪记忆、运动记忆等多种。
10)识记是记忆过程的第一阶段，人的一切记忆都从识记开始。
识记按其有无预定目的和是否经过主观努力，还可以分为有意识记和无意识记。
11)根据识记材料之有无意义或学习者是否了解其意义，识记还可区分为意理识记和机械识记。
12)在识别言语的语音过程中，实际上存在着非常短暂的三个阶段。
这就是听觉阶段、语音阶段和音位阶段。
13)有三种表征，称为记忆代码，可用以在长时记忆中储存信息。
这便是语言的（言语的）、表象的和运动的代码。
其中最重要的代码是语言。
14)情节记忆记录个人的某些经验和情节。
语义记忆则储存概念和规则。
15)短时记忆倾向于保持逐词内容，而长时记忆则倾向于保持意义。
16)恢复主要包含两种形式，一种是再认，另一种是重现。
17)句子有两类特征，即逐字逐句表征（表层形式）和命题表征（意义）。
18)外语词实际上不应与实物直接联系，而是应与概念直接联系。
19)心理学上通常把运动技能的学习划分为三个阶段：1.认知阶段或知觉学习阶段2.联系形成阶段3.自动化阶段20)通常外语教学中把教语音的方法划分为直接模仿法和分析模仿法。
21)所有这些习得活动中，理解输入是语言习得最重要的成分。
22)阅读的过程实质上就是对语言信息的理解过程。
其中，语言符号、译码和语言结构是主要组成部分。
自学考试《英语二》真题卷及答案
2014年10月全国高等教育自学考试试题英语二试题课程代码00015第一部分：阅读判断第1～10题;每题1分;共10分下面的短文后列出了10个句子;请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息;选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息;选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及;选择C;并将所选答案的代码指A、B或C填在答题纸的相应位置上..The Stranger Who Changed My LifeIt was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi;looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital; l found a man running down the hospital steps;waving at me.I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “ The Airport;please;“ he said. As always;I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker After a few moments;he started saying; “How do you like driving a taxi ”‘s i t’s OK;”I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.”“ What do you do ” I asked.“I am a doctor at New York Hospital. ”Many times during long rides;l’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help;”Could I ask a favor of you ”He didn't answer. “I have a son;15;a good kid. He wants a job this summer. is it possible that you get one for him ”He still wasn't talking; and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally; he said; “ Well; my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record. ”He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later; when I arrived home from work; Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview.Robbie got the job. The following summer; Robbie worked at the hospital again; but this time; he was given more responsibility. Then; he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession.Near graduating from college; Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree; Robbie; the son of a taxi driver; became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center.1. The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. The taxi driver liked talking with his customers.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. The taxi driver had two children.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. The taxi driver became Dr. Plum' s friend.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Robbie joined in a summer research project.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Robbie gradually got interested in medicine.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Robbie finally became a doctor at New York Hospital.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. Big opportunities can come out of ordinary meetings.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择第11～15题;每题2分;共10分Talk to Your Kids about Their Eating Habits CarefullyWeight is never an easy subject. It can be risky for parents to raise the issue of eating habits and weight with their kids.“No kid ever lost weight because his mother told him he was fat;” a friend told me when I was worried about my son’s weight.It turns out she was right; according to a new study. The study was directed by Dr. Berge at University of Minnesota. She found that kids whose parents discussed eating in a healthy way were les. s likely to have eating problems. But 64% of the kids whose parents focused on their weight turned to unhealthy eating behaviors. Some kids went on extreme diets; and others even ate no food. So eating disorders were caused. Things were worse when fathers joined in the discussions with their daughters and focused on weight. “Fathers should never comment on their daughters’weight;” says Berge. Instead; she suggests; fathers should focus on their daughters' interests. That can help them feel loved and confident enough to work on their weight issues.How should parents talk to kids about. eating behaviors According to Berge; they should avoid focusing on how much their kids weigh. They should talk to them about being healthy. Don't compare them with others. Ideally; both parents should share the responsibility. If that' s not possible; choose the parent whose words cause the least amount of stress and who demonstrates healthy eating.11. The writer' s friend advised her not to .A. worrv about her son's weightB. take the risk of gaining weightC. change her own eating habitsD. talk to her son about his weight12. The study found that some kids had fewer eating problems because they ________.A. learned to eat healthilyB. took part in the studyC. focused on their weightD. believed the scientists13. When told about their fatness; some kids _____________.A. felt helplessB. became angryC. began to eat no foodD. refused to take any advice14. If a father focuses on his daughter' s interests; she will feel ____________.A. amusedB. encouragedC. surprisedD. challenged15. When taking to their kids about eating behaviors; parents should ______________.A. focus on being healthyB. use short and simple wordsC. respect their kids' viewsD. compare their kids with others第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子第16～25题;每题1分;共10分阅读下面短文;请完成短文后的2项测试任务：1从第16—20题后所给的6个选项中为第①~⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；2从第21~ 25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项;分别完成每个句子;并将所选答案的代码指A、B、C、D、E或F填在答题纸的相应位.Plagiarism剽窃①You just found some good .stuff on the Web for your science report. You copy a paragraph and paste it into your report. Then you continue your research. But you just made a big mistake. You committed plagiarism. Plagiarism is when you use someone else' s words or ideas and pretend that they are yours. It' s not allowed in school; college; or beyond.②The word" plagiarism" comes from Latin. It means stealing a person' s ideas. But it' s not always easy to tell what is plagiarism and what is not. Sometimes; it's accidental. You really intended to do your own work; yet ended up with some sentences that sound just like something you’ve read.③Though plagiarism can be accidental; it's sometimes done on purpose. That' s just beinglazy. By copying whole paragraphs from different places; you don't have to spend the time thinking about the subject; gathering your own thoughts about it; and then putting them into original words. Cut; paste; and you’re done.④Most schools are pretty strict about plagiarism; If you’re caught; your graduation will be delayed or worse. At the very least; you’re probably going to fail the assignment. When you’re older and in college; some schools will kick o ut students who plagiarize. When you’re kicked out of one college; it can be hard to get into another.⑤To be on the safe side; always make it clear where the information comes from. You need to write references. That’s a list of the sources you used for a project or report. To do that; you’re need to know the author; the title; and the date it was published. If you write something really great; maybe some day someone will quote you in a report.Task 1 Array16. Paragraph①:17. Paragraph②:1 8. Paragraph③:19. Paragraph④:20. Paragraph⑤:Task 221. You commit plagiarism when you ________22. Sometimes it is hard to tell whether_________23. Copying whole paragraphs can ____________.24. Once caught for plagiarism;_______________25. If you publish something great; people may____.第四部分：填句补文第26～30题;每题2分;共10分下面的短文有5处空白;短文后有6个句子;其中5个取自短文;请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置;以恢复文章原貌;并将所选答案的代码指A、B、C、D、E或F填在答题纸的相应位置上..FruitImagine a world without fruit. We wouldn’t be very healthy. We get a lot of important vitamins from eating fruit.We think of fruit primarily as something to eat. 26 Fruit is part of a flowering plant and itcarries the seeds. The purpose of fruit is to protect a plant's seeds and help them get spread about. Windand water spread seeds. So do animals when they eat fruit and drop the seeds. 27 There are two main types of fruit fleshy and dry. Fleshy fruits are soft and juicy. Pears; bananas and apples are all fleshy fruits. 28 Grains like wheat and rice; or nuts like chestnuts板栗;are dry fruits.But wait You’ve eaten oranges and grapes without seeds. How can they be fruits It's because people have changed the way they grow fruit. They can now grow seedless fruit. Seedless fruit comes from special plants that are made by combining two varieties of a fruit to form a new variety. These special plants grow and produce seeds. 29 These plants cannot reproduce themselves. They can make fruit; but the fruit has no seeds.Fruits are a source of substances that keep us alive and healthy. So people make use of fruits for many foods. We make juices from them. We make jams and sweets. 30 Beer comes from grains and wine comes from grapes; and some particular wines are made from apples; peaches; or other fruits.A. Dry fruits are thin and hard.B. We even make alcohol from fruit.C. But fruit has a purpose quite apart from our needs.D. So these plants produce fleshy fruits.E. Then the seeds grow into new plants.F. But the plants grown from these seeds are seedless.第五部分：填词补文第31~40题;每题1.5分;共15分下面的短文有10处空白;短文后列出12个词;其中10个取自短文;请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置;以恢复文章原貌;并将所选答案的代码指A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J、K 或L填在答题纸的相应位置上..Mental Activities Help Save MemoryDoing mental activities is helpful. Reading books and writing at any age may save memory; a new 31 finds.The study was conducted by some American neurologists 神经病学家. It 32 294 people. They were given 33 on memory and thinking. They had the tests once a year for six years. They were also asked to talk about their mental activities during childhood; in their youth; during middle age and at their 34 age.Some of those people did mental activities both 35 and late in life. They had a slower36 of decline in memory than the others. The others 37 did such activities. Their rate of decline in memory was 48% 38 .“Mental activities like reading and writing are great. They39 bring benefits. We should n’t40 their effects on our children; ourselves and our parents;" said Robert Wilson; lead author of the study.第六部分：完形补文第41~50题;每题1.5分;共15分下面的短文有10处空白;每处空白后的括号内有一个词;请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中;以恢复文章原貌;并将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上..Labor Market DeclineThe decline of the labor market is easy to misinterpret interpret. There are many reasons for that. During the 1970s; large numbers of women and young adults 41 bear during the baby boom entered into the work force. That 42 result in too many workers for the jobs available and depressed wages. The decline also has something to do with the explosive 43 grow in world trade since 1960. As 44 . manufacture technologies have become more mobile; production jobs have 45 move from the U. S. to countries where wages are low. In 46 add; technology itself has helped to cause the shifts in the job market. For example; 47 few American workers are needed to make steel today than in the past; because new 48 machine have made many of their tasks 49 necessary. Finally; the high rate of 50 employment caused by these factors has tended to drive wages down further.笫七部分：短文写作第51题;30分请根据所提供材料中的要求完成一篇100词左右的英语短文..并将短文写在答题纸相应的位置上..51.2014年10月全国高等教育自学考试试题英语二答案及解析课程代码00015第一部分：阅读判断第1~10题;每题1分;共10分1.B2.B3.A4.C5.B6.C7.A8.A9.B 10.A1.解析题干大意：医生向出租车司机大声叫喊要乘车..题目的关键词是“shouted at”;对应原文第一段第三句：While passing New York Hospital;I found a man runnng down the hospital steps;waving at me.原文是说医生在向出租车司机挥手;并没有大声叫喊..题目的意思与原文的意思不符;故选B..2．解析题干大意：医生想乘出租车去地铁站..题目的关键词是“railway station”;对应原文第二段第三句：“The Airport;please;”he said.原文是说医生要去机场;而不是去地铁站..题目的意思与原文的意思不符;故选B..3．解析题干大意：出租车司机喜欢和他的乘客聊天..题目的关键词是“liked talking”;对应原文第六段第一句：Many times during long rides; I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them..原文是说很多时候;在长途乘车中;出租车司机和乘客建立了良好的关系;还从乘客那里得到好的建议..说明了出租车司机喜欢和乘客聊天;与题目的意思一致;故选A..4．解析题干大意：出租车司机有两个小孩..题目的关键词是“two children”;对应原文第七段第三句：“I have a son;15;a good kid.”原文是说出租车司机有一个15岁的儿子..题目所说的内容在原文中并没有出现;故选C..5．解析题干大意：出租车司机和Plum医生成为了朋友..题目的关键词是“friend”;对应原文第九段第二句：It was the last time I ever saw him．原文是说那次乘车之后;出租车司机再也没有见过这个医生..说明了他们没有成为朋友..题目的意思与原文的意思不符;故选B..6．解析题干大意：医生为Robbie写了一封推荐信..题目的关键词是“recommendation letter”;对应原文第十段最后两句话：Two weeks later;when I amved home from work;Robbie handed me a letter．He was informed to call Dr. Plum for an interview.原文是说两周后;我下班回来;Robbie给我一封信;信上说让Robbie打电话给Plum医生并约定面试时间..文中并没有说是Plum医生为Robbie写了一封推荐信;也许是别人替Plum医生写的;故选C..7．解析题干大意：Robbie参加了夏日研究项目..题目的关键词是“joined in”;对应原文第十一段第一句：Robbie got the job.原文是说Robbie得到了这份工作..the job指代前面的summer research project;故选A..8．解析题干大意：Robbie逐渐对医学感兴趣..题目的关键词是“got interested in”;对应原文第十一段最后一句：Then;he worked at the hospital---developed a love of medical profession.原文是说Robbie对医学专业产生了兴趣..题目是原文的同义表述;故选A..9．解析题干大意：Robbie最后成为纽约市医院的一名医生..题目的关键词是“New York Hospital”;对应原文最后一段最后一句：Robbie became a doctor at Columbia Medical. Center.原文是说Robbie成为哥伦比亚医疗中心的一名医生..题目的意思与原文的意思不符;故选B..10.解析题干大意：大的机遇可能会出现在普通的交谈中..题目的关键词是“big opportunities”和“ordinary meetings”;对应整篇文章的题目：The Stranger Who Changed My Life题目的意思与原文意思相符;故选A..第二部分：阅读选择第11～15题;每题2分;共10分11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A11.解析推理判断题..根据文章第二段可知;作者担心她儿子的体重;但是她的朋友告诉她;没有一个小孩因为妈妈说他胖而去减肥的..也就是说作者的朋友建议作者不要和她的儿子谈论体重问题..故选D..12.解析事实细节题..根据文章第三段第三句话“She found that kids whose parents discussed eating in a healthy way were less likely to have eating problems．”可知;小孩的父母谈论健康饮食;小孩有饮食问题的可能性就很小..故选A..13.解析事实细节题..根据文章第三段第四、五句可知;关注小孩体重的父母会导致小孩出现不健康的饮食行为;如极度节食;甚至不吃任何东西..故选C..14.解析事实细节题..根据文章第三段倒数第一、二句可知;如果父亲关注女儿的兴趣爱好;就会帮助她们感受到被爱;对体重问题也会感到足够自信..故选B..15．解析事实细节题..根据文章第四段可知;父母不要讨论孩子多重;而是要和他们讨论健康饮食;不要拿他们和其他人对比;而是要共同承担责任帮助孩子健康饮食..故选A..第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子第16～25题;每题1分;共10分Task 116．C17.D 18.A 19．B 20．F16.解析第一段倒数第二句是本段的中心句;讲的是什么是剽窃..选项C与本段对应..17．解析第二段第四句是本段的中心句;讲的是有时候剽窃是偶然剽窃;并在下文讲述了什么是偶然剽窃..选项D与本段对应..18．解析第三段第一句是本段的中心句;讲的是虽然剽窃可能是偶然剽窃;但是有时候是故意剽窃;并在下文叙述了什么是故意剽窃..选项A与本段对应..19.解析第四段第一句是本段的中心句;讲的是许多学校对剽窃惩罚非常严厉;并在下文举出了例子..选项B与本段对应..20．解析第五段第一句是本段的中心句;讲的是为了安全起见;在引用别人的言语时;要标明出处;并在文叙述如何写参考资料;避免剽窃..选项F与本段对应..Task 221．D 22．F23.E 24．A 25．C21.解析题干的中心词是“commit plagiarism”..第一段讲述的是引用别人的言语或想法;假装是自己的;就犯了剽窃罪..本题是说“将别人的想法作为自己的就犯了剽窃罪”..选项D符合题意..22．解析题干的中心词是“hard”..第二段第三句讲述的是区别是不是剽窃并不容易..“what is plagiarism and what is not”和“you plagiarism or not”是对应的..选项F符合题意..23.解析题干的中心词是“copying whole paragraph”..第三段第三句讲述的是从不同的地方复制整段话;你就不需要花费时间思考..本题是说“复制整段话会节省很多时间”..选项E符合题意..24.解析题干的中心词是“caught”..第四段第二句讲述的是如果被抓住剽窃;你就会被推迟毕业或出现更糟的情况..本题是说“一旦被抓住剽窃;你就会受到惩罚”..选项A符合题意..25.解析题干的中心词是“publish something great”..第五段最后一句讲述的是如果你写了一些好文章;也许某一天就有人把你的文章引用到一篇报告里..本题是说“如果你发表了一篇好的文章;人们就会把你的文章引用到他们的报告里”..选项C符合题意..第四部分：填句补文第26～30题;每题2分;共10分26．C 27．E 28．A 29．F 30．B26．解析空格后的两句话意思为“果实是开花植物的一部分;也承载着种子..果实的目的是保护植物的种子并帮助传播种子”;与这两句话的意思紧密衔接的就是选项C;意思是“果实有一个目的不同于我们的需要”..故选C..27．解析空格前的一句话意思为“动物吃完果实留下种子”;与这句话的意思紧密衔接的就是选项E;意思是“然后种子长成新的植物”..故选E..28.解析空格后的一句话意思为“像小麦、大米这样的谷物和板栗这样的坚果都是干果”;与这句话的意思紧密衔接的就是选项A;意思是“干果又小又硬”;与前面两句话形成对比..故选A..29.解析空格后的两句话意思为“这些植物能结果实;但果实没有种子;不能再长出植物”;这说明这种种子长出来的植物是无籽的..选项F是后面两句的总结;最符合题意..故选F..30．解析空格后的一句话意思为“啤酒由谷物酿造;葡萄酒由葡萄酿造;一些特别的酒由苹果、桃子或其他果实酿造”;这说明我们可以用果实酿酒..选项B是后面一句的总结;最符合题意..故选B..第五部分：填词补文第31~ 40题;每题1.5分;共15分31.G 32.1 33.B 34.H 35.A 36.K 37.C 38.E 39.L 40.J31.解析由空前的形容词new和空后的动词finds可知;空格处需要填一个名词作主语..再由下文的the study可知;空格处需要填study..故选G..32.解析由空前的it可知;空格处需要填一个动词作谓语..根据本句句意;这里表示该项研究有294个人参与..故选I..33.解析由空前的谓语动词were given和空后的介词on可知;空格处需要填一个名词..再由下文的tests可知;空格处需要填tests..故选B..34.解析由空后的名词age可知;空格处需要填一个形容词..根据本句句意;这里表示参与研究的人员被要求去讨论他们在童年、青年、中年以及目前年龄的智力活动..故选H..35.解析由空前后的both和and可知;空格处需要填一个形容词和后面的late构成并列结构..根据本句句意;这里表示一些参与研究的人员做了早期和晚期的智力活动..故选A..36．解析由空前的形容词slower和空后的介词of可知;空格处需要填一个名词..a slower rate of decline意为“较缓慢的下降率”..故选K..37.解析该句结构完整;空格处需要填一个副词..根据上一句句意;这里表示其他的人员很少做这样的智力活动..故选C..38.解析由空前的系动词was可知;空格处需要填一个表语..根据本句句意;这里表示很少参与智力活动的人的记忆下降的比率比经常参加智力活动的人的比率高48%..故选E..39．解析该句结构完整;空格处需要填一个副词..根据本句句意;这里表示智力活动真的会带来益处..故选L..40．解析由空前的shouldn't可知;空格处需要填一个动词..根据本句句意;这里表示我们不应该忽视智力活动对我们的孩子、我们自己以及我们的父母的影响..故选J..第六部分：完形补文第41~ 50题;每题1.5分;共15分41. born 42. resulted 43. growth 44. manufacturing 45. moved46. addition 47. fewer 48. machines 49. unnecessary 50. unemployment41.解析由空前的名词women and young adults可知;空格处需要填一个动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的名词..动词bear的过去分词形式为born..故答案为born..42．解析由空前的指示代词that可知;空格处需要填一个动词;作句子的谓语..该句的时态为一般过去时;动词result需加上“- ed”..故答案为resulted..43．解析由空前的形容词explosive可知;空格处需要填一个名词..动词grow的名词形式为growth..故答案为growth..44．解析由空后的名词technologies可知;空格处需要填一个形容词;与technologies构成“制造业技术”..动词manufacture的形容词形式为manufacturing..故答案为manufacturing..45．解析由空前的助动词have可知;空格处需要填一个动词的过去分词..动词move的过去分词形式为moved..故答案为moved..46．解析由空前的介词in可知;空格处需要填一个名词..动词add的名词形式为addition..in addition为固定搭配;意为“除此之外”..故答案为addition..47．解析由空后的than可知;空格处需要填一个形容词的比较级..few的比较级为fewer..故答案为fewer..48．解析由空前的形容词new和空后的谓语动词have made可知;空格处需要填一个名词复数形式..名词machine的复数形式为machines..故答案为machines..49．解析由空前的名词tasks可知;空格处需要填一个形容词作后置定语修饰前面的名词..根据句意;新的机器使很多体力劳动变得没有必要..故答案为unnecessar..50．解析由空前的介词of可知;空格处需要填一个名词..根据句意;这些因素导致的高失业率使工资进一步下降..故答案为unemployment..第七部分：短文写作第51题;30分51．My HobbyEveryone has hobbies because they are very important in our life. I also have hobbies. Now let me tell you my hobbies. Exercise is one of my hobbies. The more exercise I do; the healthier I will be. After class I usually play badminton with my friends; and after dinner; I often go out for a walk with my sister. Sometimes I play ping-pong; too. So I think I have a wonderful life. Reading is another hobby of mine. On weekends; l love reading some novels; such as Jan. e Eyre; Gone with the Wind and so on. Reading can help me learn more about the world and give me a lot of happiness. I think it is very important to have good hobbies.。
历年真题2014年10月自考英语(二)试题和标准答案
2014年10月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题（课程代码 00015）本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2．第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3．第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题一、阅读判断（第1—10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题纸相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
The Stranger Who Changed My LifeIt was a sunny morning in the spring of 1966. I was driving a taxi, looking for a customer. While passing New York Hospital, I found a man running down the hospital steps, waving at me.I stopped. The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,”he said. As always, I wondered about my passenger. Was this man a talker? After a few moments, he started saying, “How do you like driving a taxi?”“It’s OK” I said. “I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes.”“What do you do?” I asked.“I am a doctor at New York Hospital.”Many times during long rides, I’d developed a good relationship with my passengers and received very good advice from them. This time I decided to ask for his help.“Could I ask a favor of you?” He didn’t answer. “I have a son, 15, a good kid. He wants a job this summer. Is it possible that you get one for him?”He still wasn’t talking, and I was starting to feel foolish. Finally, he said, “Well, my students have a summer research project. Maybe he could join in. Have him send me his school record.”He left his address and paid me. It was the last time I ever saw him.Robbie sent off his grades the next morning. And gradually this incident was forgotten. Two weeks later, when I arrived home from work, Robbie handed me a letter. He was informed to call Dr.Plum for an interview.Robbie got the job. The following summer, Robbie worked at the hospital again, but this time, he was given more responsibility. Then, he worked at the hospital for a third summer and gradually developed a love of medical profession.Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. After getting his medical degree, Robbie, the son of a taxi driver, became a doctor at Columbia Medical Center.1. The doctor shouted at the taxi driver for a ride.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given2. The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given3. The taxi driver liked talking with his customers.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given4. The taxi driver had two children.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given5. The taxi driver became Dr.Plum’s friend.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given6. The doctor wrote a recommendation letter for Robbie.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. Robbie joined in a summer research project.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given8. Robbie gradually got interested in medicine.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9. Robbie finally became a doctor at New York Hospital.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given10. Big opportunities can come out of ordinary meetings.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given二、阅读选择（第11—15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题纸相应位置上将该项涂黑。
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2013年10月广东省高等教育自学考试
外语教学心理学试卷
（课程代码 11500）
重要提示：
1、本试卷共3页，满分100分；考试时间150分钟。
2、应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求作答，答在试卷上无效。
一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题10分，共10分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.20世纪60年代中叶出现的___,以认知心理学为基础。
A．听说法 B.直接法 C.翻译法 D.认知法
2.亚里斯多德曾提出过控制思维的过程的三条联想规律：接近律、相似律和
A．准备律 B.练习律 C.对比律 D.效果律
3.1787年，德国生物学家___就尝试记录过一个儿童的语言发展，后来有不少心理学家和语言学家进行类似的研究。
A.托尔曼
B.苛勒
C.蒂德曼
D.考夫卡
4.在人们的短时记忆中，字母D常混淆为T，而不是O，这是因为人们在短时记忆阶段主要依靠
A.视觉编码
B.听觉编码
C.动觉编码
D.语义编码
５.知觉的___在于人们所知觉的，不是抽象的形象，而是实际存在的客体的形象。
A.选择性
B.具体性
C.恒常性
D.意义性
6.下列活动中，不属于
．．．习得活动的是
A.交流情感活动
B.背诵单词活动
C.游戏活动
D.解决问题活动
7.把“Katz and Fodor”说成“Fatz and Kodor”的口误属于____型口误
A.颠倒
B.预置
C.反复
D.混合
8.研究表明，语段的基本概念单位是
A.图式
B.命题
C.反射
D.句子
9.艾宾浩斯的遗忘曲线反映的是____与记忆的关系。
A.时间因素
B.材料性质因素
C.材料数量因素
D.输入方式因素
10.“尽量使提供的信息是真实的，不说任何你认为是虚假的东西”是格赖斯会话原则中的
A.关系原则
B.方式原则
C.质的原则
D.量的原则
二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）错填、不填均无分。
11.句子有两类表征，即逐字逐句表征和___。
12.通常外语教学中把教语音的方法主要划分为___和分析模仿法。
13.遗忘的___认为遗忘是由于记忆痕迹未得到强化而逐渐消退的。
14.直观手段揭示词义有时会造成误解。
有人主张，外语词实际上不应与实物直接联系，而是应与___直接联系。
15.___认为儿童的心理发展、智力发展、语言发展是内因和外因相互作用的结果。
16.领会式掌握语言以___为特征，表现在对言语的感知和理解。
17.心理学上通常把运动技能的学习划分为三个阶段：认知阶段、___和自动化阶段。
18.采用___讲授语法，既不先提出一般的规则，也不要求概括出规则，只要根据一类具体的实例来掌握另一类实例。
19.外语阅读教学中，对阅读的要求，首先是___，其次是速度。
20.卡罗尔认为，语言天赋包括四种能力:语言编码能力、语法感受能力、___和推理能力。
三、判断改错题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）判断下列每小题的正误。
正确的打“✓”；错误的打“✗”，并改正划线部分。
21.指向活动结果的动机大都可以成为声誉动机。
22. 斯特恩认为，语言学习可产生在从幼年到成年不同的成熟水平上。
对第二语言的一切方面而言，不存在关键的年龄或阶段。
23.书写技能是一种以手部动作产生言语信号的运动技能。
24.格式塔的学习理论又称为“顿悟说”。
25.格思里提出“效果率”认为随伴满意的事态发生的反应将与情境更牢固地联结；随伴烦恼产生的反应则与情境的联结将削弱。
26.根据维戈茨基的观点，内部言语不是自言自语，也不是只有语法形式的无声言语。
27.认知心理学研究人的认知过程，强调较高级心理过程的重要性，诸如态度、信念、知觉、记忆、学习、思维和语言等。
28.加涅运用刺激反应模式解释学习活动，着重考察了影响人类学习
的条件。
29.行为主义者斯金纳对符茨堡学派的学说提出挑战。
他认为“言语”和“思维”都应归结为“言语的习惯”，言语是“外显的语言习惯”，思维是“内隐的语言习惯”。
30.语言是社会现象，而言语则是个人心理现象。
31.恢复过去感知和掌握的言语，例如利用背熟的语言材料讲话，这便是活用式掌握语言。
32.言语的理解在生理上乃是第二信号系统的活动，在心理上则以领悟所感知到的对象为特征。
33.在计划句子时，说话者还应决定句子的语境—要进行何种言语行为以及如何进行。
34.外语学习者对句子的记忆，应努力在理解的基础上识记表层形式。
35.词的理解是从许多可能的词义中选取所需意义的积极过程。
36.单纯的情绪紧张是与完成特定活动的必要性相联系的，能动员各方面力量集中在活动方面，经常能将活动引向最佳表现。
37.转换生成语法是一种典型的语言学语法。
38.言语听觉、言语视觉和言语动觉，从来都不是孤立存在的感知觉。
39.对阅读教学而言，教师所选教材是否有趣是阅读教学成败的关键。
40.词本身作为外在刺激物，与其他物理性刺激物有着本质的差别。
四、名词解释题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）
41.随意注意
42.词汇检索
43.语感
44.语法教学的归纳法
45.有意识记
五、简答题（本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分）
46.简述皮亚杰的同化和调节理论。
47.外语教学大体上包含哪几个主要方面？
48.简述影响内部词汇检索的因素。
49.动机按照性质可以分为哪几种？
50.简述克拉欣的输入假设的主要内容。
六、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）
51.联系实际论述阅读教学的原则。
52.联系实际论述外语教师应如何传授和培养学生的外语知识和技能。
答案
四、名词解释题
41.具有自觉的目的，（1分）而且要求作一定的意志努力的注意。
（2分）
42.人脑中存在着类似词典的内部词汇，（1分）从记忆中寻找提取这些词汇的信息成为词汇检索。
（2分）
43.在心理学上它属于被称为理智感的情感范畴，是对语言的感性反
映。
（1分）是语言联系和关系的所有感性反映形式构成的巨大而复杂的感性复合体。
（2分）
44.归纳的过程即由特殊到一般的过程。
（1分）采用归纳法进行语法教学，在学习者就特定结构的使用进行练习之前，先让他们接触一定数量的实例，使从中概括出该结构的有关规则。
（2分）
45.指具有预定目的，（1分）按一定方法、步骤，经必要的意志努力所进行的识记。
（2分）
五、简答题
46.皮亚杰认为，适应由两个相互补充的过程组成：同化和调节。
（1分）同化是按信息与现有图式一致的方式提取和解释新信息的过程。
（1分）调节是改变图式使之更好地符合现实世界的过程。
（1分）总之，同化需要在旧的经验中体现新的经验，而调节涉及修正旧的思维结构以适合新的经验。
（2分）
47.
1)学生首先要接触到所学语言的言语材料；
2)学生要求理解所学语言材料和规则；
3)学生要求模仿标准的语音语调和言语范例；
4)学生要求反复模仿练习；
5)学生要求进行各种即席口头练习；
6)学生要求进行口笔语练习和运用语言的活动。
（答对一个给一分，全对五个及以上给五分）
48.词的使用频率、词素的结构、语境因素、词的歧义。
（答对一个给一分，全对给五分）
49.
1)指向活动本身的动机。
2)指向人与人之间交往关系的动机。
3)指向活动结果的动机。
4)指向社会效果的动机。
（全对给五分，答对一个1.5分）
50.
1)与习得有关，与学习无关。
2)通过理解略高于现有能力水平的语言进行习得。
这须借助语境来
实现。
3)熟练的口语是逐渐形成的，非直接教会。
4)当监护人对习得者谈话，使之理解信息时，输入自动包含习得者
准备习得的语法结构i+1。
（答对所有要点得5分，答对一个要点得1.5分）
六、论述题
51.
1)阅读的兴趣性原则；
2)阅读训练的心理准备原则；
3)阅读速度调节原则；
4)阅读教学的因材施教原则；
5)阅读教学的总体设计原则。
（每个要点给2分，其中要点论述和联系实际各占1分）52.
1)善于讲解；
2)善于示范；
3)善于提问启发；
4)善于引导学生进行练习；
5)善于改正学生言语中错误。
（每个要点给2分，其中要点论述和联系实际各占1分）。