动词ing作状语及典型练习题

Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar动词-ing作状语

动词-ing或语短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。动名词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。动名词作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词。

1. 作时间状语

Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。

While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. 当她看书的时候，不时地点头。Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.

2. 作结果状语

The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath.

那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money.

She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.

3. 作伴随状语

He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.

他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。

They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.

Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.

4. 作原因状语

Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。

Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.

Being so excited, Many of us couldn’t go to sleep that night.

5. 作让步状语

Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors.

虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。

Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.

6. 作条件状语

Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。

Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day.

在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。

7. 作目的状语

He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam.

他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。

注意：

1．当动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应该使用完成式：having done.

Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.

Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格

2．当动名词与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：

3．Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。

Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.

4．动名词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。

Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for.

Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.（错）

Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。

5．动名词作状语时，可以用相应的状语从句替代，从句谓语必须用主动语态。

While reading the book, she nodded from time to time.

= While she was reading the book, she nodded from time to time.

Being a student, I must study hard. = As I am a student, I must study hard.

Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.

= As he didn’t know how to do it, he asked the teacher for help.

由于不知道如何干，他请老师帮助。

6.独立主格结构

动名词作状语时，当其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致的时候，而是有自己的独立的逻辑主语时，我们把这样的结构称位独立主格结构。常见的分词短语有：generally(frankly,honestly…) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从…判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of（谈到）等。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys.

Supposing you lose, what will you do?

Judging from his accent, he must be from the north.

Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?

Spring coming on, the trees turned green.

Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.

Time permitting, we will visit the Great Wall.

★非谓语解题“五步骤”：

1、牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够，动词ing形式表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。

2、分析句子成分。判断句子中是欠缺谓语还是非谓语。（主要是看句子中已经有没有谓语动词了，因为英语中一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。）

3、寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式；如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。

4、了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式；如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。

5、分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。

1.Do you wake up every morning _______ energetic and ready to start a new day?

A. feel B .to feel C. feeling D. felt

2. _______ Many times, he finally understood it.

A. Told B .Telling C. Having told D. Having been told

3．_____several times ,the young scientist still kept on making his experiments．

A．Having been failed B．Having failed C．Though failed D．Because of failure

4.__________ the classroom, the students went to the playground to watch the football match.

A. To clean

B. Having cleaned

C. Cleaned

D. Cleaning