高考英语名词性从句及语法填空

高考英语名词性从句及语法填空由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句.名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语.引导名词性从句的关联词A．that连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略.I hear 〔that〕 he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部.That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的.B．whether和if连词whether和if本身有意义〔解释是否〕，在从句中不可省略.1．whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句.I didn't know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会.〔宾语从句，可用if代替whether〕The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试.〔表语从句，不可用if代替whether〕她来不来都没有关系.〔主语从句，不可用if代替whether〕He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题.〔同位语从句，不可用if代替whether〕2．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能.It all depends on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们.〔不用if〕Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情.3．if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句.如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether.Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们.〔if表示是否〕Please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声.〔if表示如果〕Please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们.〔为避免引起歧义，用whether〕C．who, whom, whose, what, which连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分.No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁.We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼.Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家.Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达.D．where, when, how, why连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语.I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会.She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好.What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆.比较：when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态.Please let me know when you arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声.〔when引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来.〕Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到.〔when引导宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时.〕E．whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是...，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom 〔whoever的宾格形式〕.不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎.Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好.They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么.You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事.I'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书.Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款.比较：连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语.You may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人.〔此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wa nts it的主语〕You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人.〔whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语〕一．填上适当的关系代词或关系副词1._______caused the accident was a man lying on the ground.2._______will go makes no difference3.________your daughter lovers is very clear4.________wallet was stolen must be made clear5.________he left his wife cut her to the heart6._________we go there remain to be decided7._________you uncle will arrive was not mentioned in his letter.8.________you went there alone must be explained9. I’ll take back ________I said10. I’m satisfied ________he did11. Tell us _________you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of time12.That’s________ I praise you13.This is __________two thirds of the earth’s surface is made up of vast oceans14.The season_________ you went to the park was that you want to visit her16.That was ________the Chinese began to make paper17.The problem________ should be our mornitor is not decided18.They have no information _________ he was alive19.This is another proof_________ he killed a man20.The professor gave orders ___________the test be finished before 6 o’clock二．语法填空〔一〕I read a report last night. It says 1_________ a lot of people died in 2______ traffic accident. But Iforget 3_________ the accident happened last Sunday. 4 _________ astonished me most is 5__________ some babies lost 6________ lives. However, I don't know 7___________ the government has taken some measures to deal with 8______. In my opinion, 9_____ accident has taught us a lesson 10__________we should obey the traffic rules.〔二〕Body language is used every single day by people of different nationalities all over the world. It is a language _1________ words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body _2_______ 〔move〕 that greatly add to --- and sometimes even replace--- _3________ 〔speak〕 language.Body language _People often use body language 5________ purpose. Someone who does not know the answer to a question will move their shoulders upwards away from their upper body and then let them fall, 6________〔mean〕, “I don’t know”. 710_______ they are feeling. Body language can therefore make people’s feelings more transparent as although we can lie with words, it is not as easy to do so with our bodies.〔三〕In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ 〔report〕to be billionaires〔亿万富翁〕 in 2003. The ____2_____〔rich〕 of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____345__ the time he was 31.____6____ , there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ 〔young〕 ages. Other young people who have been struck rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ 〔act〕 in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und Taxis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited参考答案一．填上适当的关系代词或关系副词1．What 2.who 3.whom 4.whose5.that 6.whether 7.when 8.why9.what 10.whatever 11.how 12why 13.because 14.why 15.what16.how 17.who 18.whether 19.that 20.that〔一〕1.that 2.a 3. where 4. What 5.that 6. their 7. whether/if 8.it 9. the 10. that〔二〕1．Without 2.movements 3. spoken 4. is used 5. on 6. meaning 7. However 8. who/ that 9. an 10. how〔三〕1. reported 2. richest 3. by 4.when 5. by 6. However 7. younger 8. Both9. acting 10. the。