2014年专四英语完型阅读模拟试题及答案
14年专四真题答案解析
14年专四真题答案解析一、听力（简答题）第一题：根据所听到的内容，回答提问。
原文：I went to a concert last night. The music was amazing, but the seats were very uncomfortable.分析：根据原文可知，人们在昨晚参加了音乐会，音乐很棒，但座位非常不舒服。
答案：The seats were uncomfortable.第二题：根据所听到的问题选择正确答案。
原文：Q: When is the meeting?A: It's on Wednesday.分析：根据原文可知，问题是关于会议时间的，答案是星期三。
答案：On Wednesday.第三题：根据所听到的内容，回答提问。
原文：I think the new movie is better than the book.分析：根据原文可知，人们认为新电影比书好。
答案：The new movie is better than the book.二、阅读理解第一篇：根据短文内容，选择正确的答案。
原文：The Great Wall is one of the most famous places in China. It was built by many men a long time ago. The GreatWall is very long. It is more than 6000 kilometers long! Itis more than 2000 years old.分析：根据原文可知，万里长城是中国最著名的地方之一，是很久以前由许多人修建的。
这座长城非常长，有6000多公里长！已有2000多年的历史。
答案：The Great Wall is 6000 kilometers long.第二篇：根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。
原文：In ancient Rome, parents believed that a good education was important for their children. Boys and girls learned to read and write. They also learned history, math, and science. Some children went to private schools, but most went to public schools. Wealthy families hired private teachers.分析：根据原文可知，古罗马的父母认为良好的教育对孩子很重要。
2014年12月大学英语四级阅读练习题及答案
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage． Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products．But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action． The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse．It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests．The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of greerthouse gases that cause climate change． Forests are home to countless species．There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out．Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11．Sumatrantigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans．Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals． The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability．If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmentA. tragedy． If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction．And not by choice．Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people．And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily．Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world．But together we can say enough is enough．It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products．We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are．too．56．Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?A.Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil．B.Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming．C.Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline．D.Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests．57．Which one is not included in the negative consequences of rain forests destruction?A.The dramatic decrease of biological diversity in rain forests．B.Huge profits benefit from the great exportation of palm oil．C.Frequent clashes with people who live on those rain forests．D. Increasing release of a great deal of greenhouse gases．58．What is responsible for the destruction of Sumatlan tiger habitat?A. People who killed or maimed those scared animals．B.People who cut down the rain forests in abundance．C.The extension of oil palm and pulpwood cultivation．D. The loss of lain forests owing to palm plantations．59．What advice does the author give to the productive process of global brands?A.Global brands should not be at cost of forest destruction．B.They should guarantee the protection of lain forests．C.They should pay attention to law materials of products．D、They should not demand anything from rain forests．60．What is the attitude of author to plentiful palm oil production?A.Critical．B.Positive．C.Partial．D.Negative． Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage Room for all，for now． But there are signs that the sharing site(住房分享站)is starting to threaten budget hotels．Even as they lobby regulators to crack down on residential sharing services，hoteliers play down the threat such companies pose to their industry．The top brass at the Four Seasons and Hilton chains have all said that these firms do not compete for their core market；a vice-president of The Ritz-Carlton group recently claimed she had not even heard of Airbnb．And Airbnb itself agrees，arguing that it does not displace existing lodging but is creating new demand．“I’m optimistic that there isn’t going to be a war”with hotels．Brian Chesky,its boss，said in January． A recent study seems to confirm that，for now at least，Airbnb is only nibbling at influence from Airbnb on business and luxury hotels．But in places where it has established a presence，it cut the revenues of budget hotels by 5％in the two years to December 2013． If Airbnb were to keep growing at its current rate，the Texas study suggests that by 20 1 6 the dent in budgethotels’takings will be 10％．Wim their high fixed costs，that could push many ofthem into the red．of course．Airbnb may hit me limits of either supply or demand before then，but smaller hotels are already blaming it for their woes．“I see a directcorrelation between our revenues going down and Airbnb’s going up，”says Vijay Dandapani，the president of Apple Core Hotels in New York．“We had continued growth until Airbnb．”The financing round that Airbnb has iust closed，valuing it at more than all but the four largest global hotel groups，suggests that investors agree． Concur,a travel-and expense-management firm．has seen its corporate clients’Airbnb bookings grow from a rounding error at the start of 2012 to more than lmillion so far this year．If Airbnb can integrate with online travel agencies such as Expedia and increase the share of its hosts that provide instant booking coniirmation．business hotels may find themselves with a surprisingly unignorable competitor．61．What is the reaction of other competitors to the appearance of Airbnb?A. They highlight the threat it poses to their industries．B.They never pay attention to this unworthy competitor．C.They did not obviously worry about the appearance of Airbnb．D.TheY are optimistic about their close cooperation in future．62．What does the Texas study show about the future ofAirbnb in Para．47A.Airbnb will never swallow the whole of hotel industry’s lunch．B. Airbnb may threaten the status of luxury and business hotels．C.Airbnb had cut a great deal of the revenues of budget hotels．D. Airbnb probably has a bright future among its competitors．63．What can we infer from the statements ofPara．57A. Airbnb will become a powerful competitor in the future market．B. Airbnb should be responsible for the woe of smA.ler hotels．C.Airbnb’s going up correlates with others’going down．D.Airbnb would capture 10％takings ofbudget hotels by 2016．64．What can Airbnb do to be a surprisingly unignorable competitor?A.Willingly collaborating with the four largest global hotel groups．B. Cooperating with online travel agencies and increasing the share of its hosts．C.Beating against all the potential rivals to gain its market shares．D.Expanding its online bookings by the help of online travel agencies．65．What’s the meaning of“Room for all．for now．”?A. Everyone will have a private room as soon as possible．B. The online travel agencies will offer us a room quickly．C.It is quite convenient for people to book rooms on sharing site．D. The information on sharing site is useful for us to book rooms．56．Why is the great export ofpalm oil both a blessing and a curse?为什么说棕榈油的出⼝既是福⾳⼜是诅咒?A.Because every coin has two sides，without the exception ofexport ofpalm oil．因为事物都具有两⾯性，棕榈油也不例外。
2014年英语专业四级模拟试题及答案解析(二)
英语专业四级模拟试题及答案解析(二)一、Writing (composition)（本大题1小题．每题15.0分，共15.0分。
Writea composition of about 150-200 words on the following topic:）第1题Stress or pressure is really a big problem nowadays. Many people get at loss in face of the stress and some even commit suicide. Write a composition to illustrate your idea of stress and how to deal with the stress properly.Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:How to Deal with StressYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea OR describe your idea.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.【正确答案】：答案:[范文]How to Deal with StressWhile so many people are at the mercy of stress, some endure and survive, some end. In a sense, stress is a choice. It can strengthen you or tear you down. In most cases, you can choose.Why resent work stress? Let's give it a good name. It's an indicator that our career is advancing. Think of a heavy workload as an exciting opportunity to push us, learn new skills and show our mettle. Complaining depletes our energy; instead greet an overload day with optimism. Stress makes us original and creative, can stimulate us to try our best to do something.Sometimes it's impossible to talk about the positive side of stress, but you can moderate your reaction. During high-pressure periods, socializing with friends and colleagues, getting together with people who make us laugh and change our perspective, will revitalize and inspire us. We'll return to our task refreshed and determined. Regular exercise is critical to stress management, and alternate work can release the pent-up cares. Break away from other people's expectations. It's a liberating step whenwe decide to stop being what other people want us to be. Shake off the fetters set for ourselves, we're just ourselves, we're unique. Be free of the feeling of guilty. No one is perfect. Give ourselves more space and freedom.Life is tough, and we must be stronger. One way out is to keep our upper-lips stiff, adjust our mood and face the pressure with smile.[本题分数]： 15.0 分【答案解析】[审题]“如何面对压力”是一个很现实也很有意义的问题。
2014年专四考试模拟题：英语专业四级阅读理解练习题
⽆忧考为⼤家整理了2014年专四考试模拟题：英语专业四级阅读理解练习题，仅供参考！！let children learn to judge their own work. a child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. he notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language those around him use. bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people. in the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught-to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle-compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. but in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. we do it all for him. we act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. let him do it himself. let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. if it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. let him correct his own papers. why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find the way to get the right answer. let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams, marks, let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. let them get on with this job in the way that seems sensible to them. with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. the idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. anxious parents and teachers say, “but suppose they fail to learn something essential they will need to get in the world?” don’t worry! if it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it. 1.what does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? a.by copying what other people do. b.by making mistakes and having them corrected. c.by listening to explanations from skilled people. d.by asking a great many questions. 2.what does the author think teachers do which they should not do? a.they give children correct answers. b.they point out children’s mistakes to them. c.they allow children to mark their own work. d.they encourage children to mark to copy from one another. 3.the passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are___. a.not really important skills. b.more important than other skills. c.basically different from learning adult skills. d.basically the same as learning other skills. 4.exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by___. cated persons. b.the children themselves. c.teachers. d.parents. 5.the author fears that children will grow up into adults while being___. a.too independent of others. b.too critical of themselves. c.incapable to think for themselves. d.incapable to use basic skills.考⽣可收藏，查看更多关于翻译资格考试相关的信息。
2014年12月英语四级仔细阅读真题（总三套题）及答案
2014年12月英语四级仔细阅读真题（总三套题）及答案2014年12月四级真题（第1套）第一套：Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history,comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet's tremendous impact has only just begun. "Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,"Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book, The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But ff the book has one major shortcoming, it's that the authors don't spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these sweeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes--and more importantly predicts--how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. Theypaint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities,one physical, and one virtual. At the core of the book is the idea that"technology is neutral, but people aren't." By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy (对立观点) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they're also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (监视).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2014年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（12月）
2014年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（12月）2014年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（12月）Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shor t essay on the following topic. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.作文题一：印象最深的活动AA campus activity that has benefited most.作文题二：印象最深的课程A course that has impressed you most in college.作文题三:印象最深的同学A classmate of yours who has influenced you most in college．Part II ListeningSection ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D)，and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Question 1A.The man is not good at balancing his budget.B.She will go purchase the gift herself.C.The gift should not be too expensive.D.They are gonging to Jane's house-warming party. Question 2A.He is quite willing to give the woman a hand.B.It takes patience to go through the statistics.C.He has prepared the statistics for the woman.D.The woman should take a course in statistics. Question 3A.Page 55 is missing from the woman's scripts.B.They cannot begin their recording right away.C.The woman does not take the recording seriously.D.The man wants to make some changes in the scripts. Question 4A.The date of Carl's wedding.B.The birthday of Carl's bride.C.A significant event in July.D.Preparation for a wedding.Question 5A.The woman forgot to tell the man in advance.B.The man was absent from the weekly meeting.C.The woman was annoyed at the man's excuse.D.The man was in charge of scheduling meetings. Question 6A.The woman is a marvelous cook.B.The woman has just bought an oven.C.The man has to leave in half an hour.D.The man cannot want for his meal.Question 7A.How she can best help the man.B.Where the man got the bad news.C.What items sell well in the store.D.Whether the man can keep his job.Question 8A.The woman can sign up for a swimming class.B.He works in the physical education department.C.The woman has the potential to swim like a fish.D.He would like to teach the woman how to swim.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 9A.He teaches in a law school.B.He loves classical music.C.He is a diplomat.D.He is a wonderful lecturer.Question 10A.Went to see a play.B.Watched a soccer game.C.Took some photos.D.Attended a dance.Question 11A.She decided to get married in three years.B.He r mother objected to Eric’s flying lessons.C.She insisted that Eric pursue graduate studies.D.Her father said she could marry Eric right away.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Question 12A.Editor.B.Teacher.C.JournalistD.Typist.Question 13A.The beautiful Amazon rainforests.B.A new railway under construction.C.Big changes in the Amazon valley.D.Some newly discovered scenic spot.Question 14A.In news weeklies.B.In newspapers' Sunday editions.C.In a local evening paper.D.In overseas editions of U.S. magazines.Question 15A.To be employed by a newspaper.B.To become a professional writer.C.To sell her articles to a news service.D.To get her life story published soon.Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 16A.Nodding one's head.B.Waving one's hand.C.Holding up the forefinger.D.Turning the right thumb down.Question 17A.Looking away from them.B.Forming a circle with fingers.C.Bowing one's head them.D.Waving or pointing to them.Question 18A.Looking one's superior in the eye.B.Keeping one's arms folded while talking.C.Showing the sole of one's foot to a guest./doc/ab86422ad1f34693daef3eec.html ing a lot of gestures during a conversation.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 19A.They had to beg for foot after the harvest.B.They grew wheat and corn on a small farm.C.They shared a small flat with their relatives.D.The children walked to school on dirt roads.Question 20A.Tour Ecuador's Andes Mountains.B.Earn an annual income of $2800.C.Purchase a plot to build a home on.D.Send their children to school.Question 21A.The achievements of the Trickle Up Program.B.A new worldwide economic revolution.C.Different forms of assistance to the needy.D.The life of poor people in developing countries.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have justheard.Question 22A.They are highly sensitive to cold.B.They are vitally important to our life.C.They are a living part of our body.D.They are a chief source of our pain.Question 23A.It has to be removed in time by a dentist.B.It is a rare oral disease among old people.C.It contains many nerves and blood vessels.D.It is sticky and colorless film on the teeth.Question 24A.It can change into acids causing damage to their outer covering.B.It greatly reduces their resistance to the attacks of bacteria.C.It makes their nerves and blood vessels more sensitive to acid food.D.It combines with food particles to form a film on their surface.Question 25A.Food particles.B.Gum disease.C.Unhealthy living habits.D.Chemical crosion.Section CStunt people(替身演员) are not movie stars, but they are the hidden heroes of many movies.They were around long before films. Even Shakespeare may have used them in fight scenes. To be good, a fight scene has to look real. Punches must (26)______ enemies' jaws. Sword fightsmust be fought with(27)______ swords. Several actors are usually in a fight scene. Their moves must be set up so that no one gets hurt. It is almost like planning a dance performance.If a movie scene is dangerous, stun people usually(28)______the stars. You may think you see Tom Cruise running along the top of a train. But it is(29)______ his stunt double. Stunt people must(30)______ the stars they stand in for. Their height and build should be about the same. But when close-ups are needed, the film(31)______ the star.Some stunt people(32)______ in certain kinds of scenes. For instance, a stunt woman named Jan Davis does all kinds of jumps. She has leapt from planes and even off the top of a waterfall. Each jump required careful planning and expert(33)______.Yakima Canutt was a famous cowboy stunt man. Among other stunts, he could jump from a second story window onto a horse's back. He(34)______ the famous trick of sliding under a moving stagecoach. Canuttalso(35)______ a new way to make a punch look real. He was the only stunt man ever to get an Oscar.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.For decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXXdevelopment of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_____ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_____ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_____ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_____ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing.The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, and math.)seems tobe(40)_____related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Manystudents entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_____, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science orengineering(42)_____complete a major in those fields.The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_____ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前言)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_____ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_____ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States.A.acceleratingB.actuallyC.closelyD.contemporaryE.coursesF.criticalG.decliningH.degreesI.especiallyJ.futureK.ledL.metM.proceduresN.proportionsO.sphetesSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Ban sugary drinks that will add fuel to the obesity war[A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him,including a couple of fatty children with swollen checkspressing against their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流行病)of obesity.[B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us.[C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction(瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)and its many horrible complication. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain i s the “ fat man of Europe” . They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance.[D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests(既得利益集团)lined up against any sugar control- all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives.[E]That is true, but people should realize that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another’s healt hinsurance, through socialized medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050.Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS.[F]Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges(AMRC)published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something.[G]The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are “the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.”[H]Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt(which are very different)pale into insignificant compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere.[I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, f ish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity.[J]The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks.[K]This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth.[L]Theoretically, people ought to make “healthy choices” and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it.[M]Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse.[N]Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines(自动售货机)here and there —as suggested try the AMRC report —is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foodsand drinks.[O]In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had not ruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it.46、Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health aswell as save medical expenses.47、Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foodsor drinks.48、Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal tochild abuse.59、Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread. 50、The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the nextfew decades.51、 If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foodsand drinks, they would support government measures against sugarconsumption.52、It would be a very good beginning wo improve an additional tax on sugarydrinks.53、The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago.54、Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt.55、Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannottell what food is sugary.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage oneThe rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwidenow have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impacts has only just begun.“Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,” Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age.Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if thebook has one major shortco ming, it’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes.In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes —and more importantly predicts —how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual.At the core of the book is the ide a that “technolog y is neutral, but people aren’t.” By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对立观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance(监视).56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph?A.It transforms human history.B.It facilitates daily communication.C.It is adopted by all humanity.D.It revolutionizes people's thinking.57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet?A.They are immeasurable.B.They are worldwide.C.They are unpredictable.D.They are contaminating.58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate?A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology.B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet.C.It lacks an objective evaluation of the role of Internet businesses.D.It does not address the technical aspects of Internet communication.59、What will the future be like when everybody gets online?A.People will be living in two different realities.B.People will have equal access to information.C.Pe ople don’t have to travel to see the world.D.People don’t have to communicate face to face.60、What does the passage say about the authors of The New Digital Age?A.They leave many questions unanswered concerning the Internet.B.They are optimistic about the future of the Internet revolution.C.They have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world.D.They don’t take sides in analyzing the effects of the Interne t.Passage twoIn 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. And in that year the average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage(抵押贷款)payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of histake-home pay. Today a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly eamings.Other members of the autoworker’s family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past. His retired parents would certainly have had less economic security back then. Through-out much of the 1960s,more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010.In most stales, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. In 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. And nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence.Most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts(职位相当的人),white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the suburban neighborhoods being built for white working–class families.Today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. Some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. The spread of no -fault divorce has reduced the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. And the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families.The growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. According to a recent poll, more than 80 percentof Americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. Finding ways toimaginary golden age.61、What do we learn about American autoworkers in 1950?A.They had less job security than they do today.B.It was not too difficult for them to buy a house.C.Their earnings were worth twice as much as today.D.They were better off than workers in other industries.62、What does the author about retired people today?A.They invariably long to return to the golden past.B.They do not depend so much on social welfare.C.They feel more secure economically than in the past.D.They are usually unwilling to live with their children.63、Why couldn’t black workers buy a house in a whitc suburba n neighborhood ?A.They lacked the means of transportation.B.They were subjected to racial inequality.C.They were afraid to break the law.D.They were too poor to afford it.64、What is the result of no-fault divorce ?A.Divorce is easier to obtain.B.Domestic violence is lessened.C.It causes little pain to either side.D.It contributes to social unrest.65 、What does the author suggest society do?A.Get prepared to face any new challenges.B.Try to better the current social security.C.Narrow the gap between blacks and whites.D.Improve the lives of families with problemsPart IV TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should writeyour answer on Answer Sheet 2.翻译题一：大熊猫是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。
09.12.专四 2014 答案
2014年专四参考答案PART I DICTATIONLimiting the growth of technology throughout history man has changed his physical environment to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology man has altered many physicall features of the earth. He has transformed wood lands into farmland: He has modified the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However these changes in the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the planet. Each day, thousands of tons of gases come out of the vehicles: smoke from factories pollutes the aire of industrialized areas and the surrounding countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is killing a lot of sea plant and fish. It is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on the earth．PART II LISTENING COMPREHENTIONPART III CLOZE31-35 ADBBD36-40 CACDD41-45 BCABD46-50 ACCBAPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY51-55 DBDCA56-60 BDACA61-65 DCDAB66-70 CCAAD71-75 AACCA76-80 DBDDAPART V READING COMPREHENTION81-85 CADBC86-90 CABDC91-95 AACDA96-100CDABDPART VI WRITINGSECTION AShould English Majors Study Maths?It is human nature to wish to know. But more often than not it is a wishful thinking. There is barely anyone that knows everything. Should English majors study maths? Basically, the answer is supposed to be yes. But in practice, it is hardly realistic or possible since maths is so hard a course and for one it usually takes years and possibly decades to learn it well. So I do not advocate students of English should waste so much time on a course that has so little to do with their major.To begin with, as English majors, we have so much to learn and study, such as linguistics, culture, literature, translation studies, to name a few, apart from the unattainable infinity of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating. All of these need one to concentrate his limited time and energy on focal points. Studying maths, however, creates unnecessary distractions from our normal course. Secondly, math is such a hard course that not only a specially talented few can master it. I personally get absolutely nowhere with quantitative stuff. It is merely a dissipating waste of time if I am required to sign up for a maths course. Finally, the world asks of this age specialists who can get specific problems settled. Jack of all trades and expert o none is no longer a merit. It so happens that the so-called know-alls appear awkward in the real sitations and sometimes they even make mockery of themselves by saying that their English is not better than English major and their maths is worse than math majors.To recapture, wishing to be a know-all is neither necessary nor realistic in the world today. Asking English majors to study maths is very much like asking fish to fly. It is useless, dissipating and non-sensible.SECTION BApril 19, 2014 Dear Mike,Don’t you remember Michael, my former schoolmate, the guy who passed the National Admission Examination this year and was accepted by Fudan University? He will arrive in Shanghai this afternoon and unfortunately I am not able to go meet him since I need to take the final. Would you please meet him for me at Hongqiao station? He look G260 and will get there at 3:00. Michael is a tall thin guy, wearing thick glasses. He is like a camel in a flock of sheep. Youcannot miss him.Yours,Lucy。
2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（四）
2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（四）2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（四） Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that. Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep. The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into. A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape. 16. All boys and girls in large families know that . A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together B) people tend to be together more than they used to be C) a lot of people being together makes fights likely D) Railway leads the world to peace 17. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except . A) the railway enables people travel fast B) the railway brings comfort to people C) the railway makes the world peaceful D) the railway leads the world to war as well. 18. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are true but . A) tunnels are dangerous to public health B) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nerves C) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungs D) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die 19. We may safely conclude that . A) the author belongs to the anti-railway group B) the author belongs to the for-railway group C) the author speaks highly of the railway D) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers 20. What is the tone of this passage? A)Practical B)Satirical C)Humorous D)Exaggerated Passage 41.C2.D3.D4.A5.C相关栏⽬：重点推荐：。
2014年英语专四真题与答案
2014年英语专四真题与答案DA. Ben wants to visit Mongolia when the weather is warm.B. Ben considers the travel expense reasonable.C. The trip today is expensive considering inflation.D. Ben was unable to travel to Mongolia in 1971.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18. Which is the height of towers at Sky Greens vertical farm?A. 9 meters.B. 20 meters.C. 100 meters.D. 40 meters.19. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The farm sells its vegetables to a local supermarket.B. The farm uses less water and energy to grow vegetables.C. The farm causes less pollution in its production.D. The farm sells at the same price as imported produce20. According to the passage, one particular advantage of the Sky Green is _______.A. local climateB. local supportC. plan for expansionD. closeness to the city SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21. According to the passage, Turkish police were unsure about _______.A. when the woman was killedB. the main cause of the deathC. the woman’s identityD. why she failed to return home22. How many people had been detained by Turkish police?A. 9.B. 19.C.22.D. 33.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23. What is the situation now in Kidal according to the news?A. Islamist militants are still in control of the town.B. French forces have entered the town.C. French are going to land at the airport.D. Islamist militants are attacking the airport.24. Why did the French launch the military operation?A. To control Kidal airport.B. To protect the town.C. To protect the capital Bamako.D. To fight against Islamist militants.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.25. Which of the following is TRUE about the immigration reform?A. It was proposed by a group of senators.B. Mr Obama had carried out the reform.C. Illegal immigrants would soon be given citizenship.D. The reform failed to improve the current system.26. According to Obama’s 2011 blueprint, how long would it take for illegal immigrants to gain citizenship?A. Eight years.B. Five years.C. Thirteen years.D. Eleven years.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27. What is Lorraine Melvill’s business?A. Running a plastic surgery clinic.B. Arranging for surgery and safaris.C. Providing consultancy to local people.D. Organizing trips to UK and American.28. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the news item?A. Local African clients helped keep her business going.B. Her clients were unable to pay her the money.C. Her business was affected by the global financial crisis.D. She still had as many European clients as before.Questions 29 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.29. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Foreign investment in unstable regions.B. BP’s presence in North Africa.C. Security concerns in risky countries.D. Protection for foreign oil workers.Questions 30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.30. What is the main message of the news item?A. London attracts shoppers from all over the world.B. Most people in Nigeria live in poverty.C. Wealthier Nigerians become a big spender.D. People from the Middle East are the most wealthy.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.The Victorians had become addicted to speed and they wanted to go ever faster. Time was money and efficiency became(31)____ important. Although divisions of labour had been (32)____ by Adam Smith and illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, (33)____ could now become fully realised. This specialization of labour was in (34)____ contrast to the rural means of production, in (35)____ the family was the means of production, consumption and socialization. (36)____ greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker. Steam made this (37)____ and changed working life forever (38)____ were the days when work was (39)____ by natural forces: steam engines were servant (40)____ neither season nor sunshine. Factories had foremen and life became correspondingly more (41)____. The clocking-on machine was (42)____ in 1885 and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only(43)____ twenty years later. (44)____ it was not all bad news. Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather. Factories provided (45)____ and predictable income, but long hours.Working life was becoming increasingly regulated, and the working (46)____ was reorganised to promote ever-greater efficiency. The old (47)____ St. Monday - when no work was done - was (48)____, work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume (49)____ Monday morning. A new division between “work” and “leisure” emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football, and the (50)____ of music hall entertainment for the new working classes.31. A. increasingly B. surprisingly C. slowly D. obviously32. A. contributed B. informed C. spread D. conceived33. A. he B. it C. these D. those34. A. clear B. marked C. apparent D. firm35. A. that B. what C. where D. which 36. A. UponB. OverC. WithD. For37. A. possible B. practical C. worthwhile D. useful38. A. Passed B. Lost C. Gone D. Missed39. A. defined B. controlled C. limited D. dictated40. A. over B. on C. by D. to41. A. standard B. controlled C. difficult D. dreadful42. A. designed B. created C. invented D. bought43. A. some B. certain C. these D. those44. A. For B. But C. Consequently D. Accordingly45. A. safe B. good C. continuous D. secure46. A. week B. period C. pattern D. practice47. A. culture B. behaviour C. custom D. habit48. A. repair B. compensate C. mend D. moderate49. A. before B. until C. on D. after50. A. raise B. increase C. trend D. presentPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.A. is examiningB. will examineC. examinesD. examine52. Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?A. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister.B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance.C. The coach is now crossing the Gard en Bridge.D. I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?A. The front door remained locked.B. The boy looked disappointed.C. Nancy appeared worried.D. He seemed to have no money left.54. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. Physics is an important school subject.B. The Niagara Falls is in North America.C. The United States borders Canada.D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.55. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?A. The moon cannot always be at the full.B. You cannot smoke inside the building.C. He cannot come today.D. She cannot play the piano.56. The boys in the family are old enough for ________.A. schoolsB. schoolC. the schoolD. the schools57. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship?A. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room.B. You can buy men’s shoes in this shop.C. Mrs. Black’s passport was lost.D. The enemy’s defeat brought th e war to an end.58. Please pardon ________ you.A. my disturbingB. disturbing meC. to disturbD. that I disturb59. Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT?A. Carry this parcel for me, will you?B. Nobody wants to go there, does he?C. Few people know him, don’t they?D. Everything is ready, isn’t it?60. Which of the following reflexive pronouns（反身代词）is used as an object?A. I spoke to the president himself.B. Frank is not quite himself today.C. Linda herself will play the violin.D. You must pull yourself together.61. The research team can handle ________ needs to be handled.A. wheneverB. whicheverC. whereverD. whatever62. Which of the following italicized parts modifies an adverb?A. I rather like my teacher.B. That was a very funny film.C. Do it right now.D. We walked about 6 miles.63. When the sentence “They had made a mess of the house” is turned into passive voice, which of the following is CORRECT?A. A mess had been made in the house.B. A mess had been made by them.C. The house had been made a mess of.D. The house had been made a mess.64. Fool ________ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing.A. asB. whoC. thatD. like65. When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is most appropriate?A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first.B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.C. He advised me to go to the airport first.D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.66. The interviewers were impressed by the high of the applicants for the job. The underlined part means ________.A. criterionB. qualityC. qualificationD. level67. Her career has ________ a number of activities — composing, playing and acting.A. heldB. producedC. embracedD. combined68. The operation could ________ her life by two or three years.A. prolongB. increaseC. expandD. continue69.A. fineB. darkC. thickD. light70.A. sickB. inactiveC. dizzyD. drowsy71.A. tolerateB. keepC. faceD. hold72. The chief of surgery became committee chairman by virtue of ________.A. seniorityB. serviceC. ageD. rank73.A. criticizedB. ignoredC. betrayedD. deceived74. Our school did not ________ for Christmas until mid-December.A. break outB. break downC. break upD. break in75. The flags in the stadium ________ in the wind.A. flappedB. movedC. shookD. stirred76.A. despiteB. withC. according toD. because of77. The whole country was in ________ over the result of the elections.A. suspensionB. suspenseC. suspendingD. suspender78. replaced by all the following EXCEPT ________.A. thinkableB. imaginableC. possibleD. observable79. The employers prepared, with all due ________ for a conference with the Trade Unions.A. cautionB. concernC. certaintyD. consideration80.A. perfectB. properC. possibleD. proposedPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWOTEXT AAfter breakfast the boys wandered out into the play-ground. Here the day-boys were gradually assembling. They were sons of the local clergy, of the officers at the Depot, and of such manufacturers or men of business as the old town possessed. Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. This consisted of a large, long room at opposite ends of which two under masters conducted the second and third forms, and of a smaller one, leading out of it, used by Mr. Watson, who taught the first form. To attach the preparatory to the senior school these three classes were known officially, on speech days and in reports, as upper, middle, and lower second. Philip was put in the last. The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice; he had a jolly manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. Philip was surprised when it was quarter to eleven and they were let out for ten minutes' rest.The whole school rushed noisily into the play-ground. The new boys were told to go into the middle, while the others stationed themselves along opposite walls. They began to play Pig in the Middle. The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said - one, two, three, and a pig for me - he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners, taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip’s clumsy run. Other boys saw it and began to laugh; then they all copied the first; and they ran round Philip, limping grotesquely, screaming with shrill laughter. They lost their heads with the delight of their new amusement, and choked with helpless merriment. One of them tripped Philip up and he fell, heavily as he always fell, and cut his knee. They laughed all the louder when he got up. A boy pushed him from behind, and he would have fallen again if another had not caught him. The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philip’s deformity. Philip was completely scared. He could not make out why they were laughing at him. His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round him, mimicking and laughing; they shouted to him to try and catch them; but he did not move. He did not want them to see him run any more. He was using all his strength to prevent himself from crying.81. From the beginning of the passage we learn that ________.A. some pupils came from the local areaB. the school only accepted day-boysC. the school had only three classesD. Philip’s class was part of the senior school82. What was Philip’s reaction to his class?A. He thought class was too short.B. He found his class surprising.C. He seemed to have enjoyed it.D. He wanted to change class.83. In the game Philip lost his ground because ________.A. the game wasn’t fit for new boys like himB. the playground wasn’t big enough for the gameC. he did not know the rules of the gameD. he could not run as quickly as other boys84. What did the boys do after Philip lost his ground?A. They continued with the game.B. They stopped to make fun of him.C. They changed to another game.D. They stopped and went inside.85. How did Philip feel in the end?A. He was ashamed of himself.B. He was very nervous.C. He was really horrified.D. He felt himself stupid. TEXT BFor parents who send their kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of coll ege life.”Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest research study that reported students’ emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. Let me show five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress.First, stress can make smart people do stupid things. Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.Second, the human body doesn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one. Any stressful experience will create about 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.Third, stress can become your new pattern. When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as your normal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.Fourth, stress can be controlled. Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. Thesetechniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.One technique involves slowing your thoughts and focusing on your heartbeat, breathing slowly and deeply, and focusing on the positive feeling that you receive.Finally, stress can be lessened by loving what you study. Barbara Frederickson, a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.86. The author cites the latest research study in order to show that ________.第5 / 9页A. students are studying harder in collegeB. most students have part-time job nowC. stress continues to the time of graduationD. students only feel stressed while in school87. According to the passage, stress might cause all the following negative effects EXCEPT ________.A. socialB. mentalC. emotionalD. physical88. In the author’s opinion, stress can be controlled by ________.A. doing what you preferB. identifying your present emotional state firstC. finding a more positive feeling firstD. focusing on your emotional state89. According to the context, what does “your own biology” mean in the last paragraph?A. Your current major.B. Your future job.C. Your future research.D. Your preference.90. Which of the following is the best as the title of the passage?A. Causes of Stress.B. Type of Stress. CollegeC. Life and Stress.D. Stress and Control Methods.TEXT CFor anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Part of what's driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts.Economics has much to do with texting’s popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes. The name of the brand's new wireless plan: “Beyond Talk.”Texting’s rise over conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We are now inclined to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what research have named “micro-coordination”—”I’ll txt u in 10mins when I know wh/ restrnt.”Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection. “When people have a mobile device and have even a little extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life,” says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project. And the phone conversation will never be completely obsolete. Deal makers and other professionals still spend much of the day on the phone. Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communications at the preliminary stages of projects. The phone comes into play when there are multiple options to consider or important decisions to be made.91. At the beginning of the passage, the author uses figures for the purpose of ________.A. introductionB. comparisonC. explanationD. transition92. According to the context, which of the following is closest in meaning to “beside the point”?A. Unimportant.B. Unacknowledged.C. Underestimated.D. Undeniable.93. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for texting’s popularity?A. Promotion of cheaper wireless packages.B. Increase in the number of adult texters.C. Redesign of mobile devices.D. Rise of social media.94. According to the passage, texting can help people to ________.A. face difficult situationsB. make appointments in advanceC. communicate wish strangersD. avoid awkward situations95. What is the passage mainly about?A. Texting’s p opularity and effect.B. Role of texting in business.C. Preference to texting over thinking.D. Innovation of mobile devices.TEXT DThe healthy adolescent boy or girl likes to do the real things in life, to do the things that matter. He would rather be a plumber’s mate and do a real job that requires doing than learn about hydrostatics sitting at a desk, without understanding what practical use they are going to be. A girl would rather look after the baby than learn about child care. Logically we should learn about things before doing them and that is presumably why the pundits enforce this in our educational system. But it is not the natural way-nor, I venture to think, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.They do these things better in primitive life, for there at puberty the boy joins his father in making canoes, patching huts, going out fishing or hunting. He is serving his apprenticeship in the actual accomplishments of life. It is not surprising that anthropologists(人类学家) find that the adolescents of primitive communities do not suffer from the same neurotic(神经质的) “difficulties” as those of civilized life. This is not, as some assume, because they are permitted more sexual freedom, but because they are given more natural outlets for thei-rnative interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full lif-e of responsibility in the community.In the 19th century this was recognized in the apprenticeship system, which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter, or ploughman, to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending, and so to learn his trade. In some agricultural colleges at the present time young men have to do a ye-ar’s work on a farm before their theoretical training at college. The great advantage of this system is that it lets the apprentice see the practical problems before he sets to work learning how to solve them, and he can therefore take a more intelligent interest in his theoretical work.Since more knowledge of more things is now required in order to cope with the adult world, the period of growing-up to independence takes much longer than it did in a more primitive community, and the responsibility for such education, which formerly was in the hands of the parents, is now necessarily undertaken by experts at school. But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how — to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.96. According to the author, what is the natural way of education?A. Doing things while learning.B. Doing things as an apprentice.C. Doing things before learning.D. Learning practical knowledge first.97. The main advantage of the natural way of education, whether in primitive or modern times, is that learners ________.A. can learn the trade through solving problems at workB. can work with their masters throughout their learningC. are given more freedom in doing things and learningD. are given opportunities to develop their interest first98. According to the context, “this” in the third paragraph refers to ________.A. the way of learning in primitive communitiesB. the difficulties modern adolescents experienceC. the amount of freedom in learning in primitive lifeD. the kind of skills boys learned from their father99. According to the author, learning should now be done in school for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.A. more subjects are to be coveredB. more parents should be involved in teachingC. there should be a deeper understanding of a subjectD. more time is needed for becoming independent 100. Which of the following best sums up the author’s main point?A. The apprenticeship system was effective in learning.B. Students should be given mire freedom in learning.C. Students develop their interest through learning.D. Learning to solve problem is learning through responsibility.PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]SECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN]An undergraduate of English at a university, in a recent letter to the university’s president, complained about the mandatory maths classes he had to take. He said that because a language major has little use for maths, he would forget all of his maths lessons soon after taking the required exams. What do you think of this opinion?Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a composition of about 200 words on the following topic: Should English Majors Study Maths?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN]Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:As you are taking an exam, you do not have time to meet a former schoolmate of years at the railway station. Write a note to your friend Mark/Lily, politely asking him/her to meet your schoolmate for you and describing briefly what your schoolmate looks like.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness.—THE END—TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014)-GRADE FOUR-2014年英语专业四级参考答案PART I DICTATIONLimiting the growth of technology throughout history man has changed his physical environment to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology man has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed wood lands into farmland: He has modified the face of the earth by cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However these changes in the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the planet. Each day, thousands of tons of gases come out of the vehicles: smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is killing a lot of sea plant and fish. It is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on the earth.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A1-5. CBBBD 6-10. CCDBC;SECTION B。
2014年英语专业四级阅读理解模拟试题
Computers monitor everything in Singapore from soil composition to location of manholes. At the airport, it took just 15 seconds for the computerized immigration system to scan and approve my passport. It takes only one minute to be checked into a public hospital. By 1998, almost every household will be wired for interactive cable TV and the Internet, the global computer network. Shoppers will be able to view and pay for products electronically. A 24-hour community telecomputing network will allow users to communicate with elected representatives and retrieve information about government services. It is all part of the government’s plan to transform the nation into what it calls the “Intelligent Island”. In so many ways, Singapore has elevated the concept of efficiency to a kind of national ideology. For the past ten years, Singapore’s work force was rated the best in the world-ahead of Japan and the U.S.-in terms of productivity, skill and attitude by the Business Environment Risk Intelligence service. Behind the “Singapore miracle” is a man Richard Nixon described as one of “the ablest leaders I have met,” one who, “in other times and other places, might have attained the world stature of a Churchill.” Lee Kuan Yew led Singapore’s struggle for independence in the 1950s, serving as Prime Minister from 1959 until 1990. Today (1995), at 71, he has nominally retired to the office of Senior Minister, where he continues to influence his country’s future. Lee offered companies tax breaks, political stability, cheap labor and strike-free environment. Nearly 90 percent of Singaporean adults now own their own homes and thanks to strict adherence to the principle of merit, personal opportunities abound. “If you’ve got talent and work hard, you can be anything here,” says a Malaysian-born woman who holds a high-level civil-service position. Lee likes to boast that Singapore has avoided the “moral breakdown” of Western countries. He attributes his nation’s success to strong family ties, a reliance on education as the engine of advancement and social philosophy that he claims is superior to America’s. In an interview with Reader’s Digest, he said that the United States has “lost its bearings” by emphasizing individual rights at the expense of society. “An ethical society,” he said, “is one which matches human rights with responsibilities.” 1.What characterizes Singapore’s advancement is its___. puter monitoring. B.work efficiency. C.high productivity. D.value on ethics. 2.From Nixon’s perspective, Lee is___. A.almost as great as Churchill. B.not as great as Churchill. C.only second to Churchill in being a leader. D.just as great as Churchill. 3.In the last paragraph, “lost its bearings” may mean___. A.become impatient. B.failed to find the right position. C.lost its foundation. D.grown band-mannered. 4.“You can be anything here”(Paragraph 5) may be paraphrased as___. A.You can hope for a very bright prospect. B.You may be able to do anything needed. C.You can choose any job as you like. D.You will become an outstanding worker. 5.In Singapore, the concept of efficiency___. A.has been emphasized throughout the country. B.has become an essential quality for citizens to aim at. C.is brought forward by the government in order to compete with America. D.is known as the basis for building the “Intelligent Island.”。
2014年专四阅读解析
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014) 阅读解析81.[C] 细节题。
根据题干提示，并由关键词Philip定位到第一段。
由第三句可知学生的来源，走读的学生中有当地牧师、兵站军官和当地制造商以及生意人的孩子，可知有一部分学生是从当地招收的，故[C]为答案82.[A] 推断题。
菲利普的感觉可以从第一段最后一句进行推断，菲利普很惊讶地发现，休息时间很快就到了，并且前一句中提到他们的老师上课让孩子们很高兴，可知这个课程没有令他烦闷，相反，他应该比较喜欢这个课程，故选[A]。
83.[D] 细节题。
文中提到菲利普摔倒是在第二段第九句。
从第二段第五句可知，由于菲利普是跛足，他不能像其他新生一样抓住从身边跑过的孩子，因此成为其他孩子戏弄的对象，并且第九句提到有孩子故意绊倒他，可知他摔倒是因为他腿脚不方便，不能跑快，故选[D]84.[B] 细节题。
在第二段第十句和第十一句中，作者明确指出，菲利普摔倒后重新站起来，但其他孩子仍不停地模仿他、嘲笑他，还有人想从背后再次将他推到，他们停止做原先的游戏，都来戏弄他，可见[B]为答案。
85.[C] 细节题。
文中结尾部分详细表述了菲利普的心理活动，并提到”completely scared”, ”frightened”等，可见菲利普主要感觉到的是害怕，因此答案为[C]。
86.[C] 细节题。
根据题干关键词the latest research study, 定位至第二段第一句话。
原文指出压力从大学入学就开始了，在第二句和第三句中谈到了工作的问题，上下文的联系显示，这是压力的来源之一，本段最后提到，毕业的学生找到工作的只有29%，可知大学生从入学到毕业都面临各种压力，故选[C]。
87.[A] 细节题。
通览全文，文章第四段至第六段谈到压力对人的影响。
用排除法可知，文章没有提到社会方面的影响，故[A]为答案。
88.[D] 细节题。
根据关键词controlled定位到第七段。
2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解四
2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解四Passage 7A moment's drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand theneedle- a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因)-that deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves - and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldn't know what's happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir(行僧)who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, This will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation(感觉), we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.31. The passage is mainly about .A) how to suffer painB) how to avoid painC) how to handle painD) how to stop pain32. The sentence But we pay for our sensitivity. in the second paragraph implies that .A)we should pay a debt for our feelingB)we have to be hurt when we feel somethingC)our pain is worth feelingD)when we feel pain, we are suffering it33. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that .A)Indians are not at all afraid of painB)people may be senseless of painC)some people are able to handle painD)fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms34. the most important thing to handle pain is .A) how we look at painB) to feel pain as much as possibleC) to show an interest in painD) to accept the pain reluctantly35. The author's attitude towards pain is .A) pessimisticB) optimisticC) radical (极端的)D) practicalPassage 8Thirty-two people watched kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one's fellow man?Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why peopledidn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is itsteam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It's not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to betested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on thetests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided thetesting roomand the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.36. The purpose of this passage is .A) to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB) to explain when people wil act in emergenciesC) to explain what people will do in emergenciesD) to explain how people feel in emergencies37. Which of the following is NOT true?A) When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B) When a person tries to help others, he should know whether hey are worth his help.C) A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.D) A person with a heart attack needs the most.38. The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when .A) they are in pairsB) they are in groupsC) they are aloneD) they are with their friends39. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that .A) they are afraid of emergenciesB) they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC) others will act if they themselves hesitateD) they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help40. The author suggests that .A) we shouldn't blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB) a person must feel guilty if he fails to helpC) people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD) when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway相关推荐：2014年考研英语试题及答案阅读理解（汇总）。
2014年4月英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析
2014年4月英语专业四级真题完形填空及答案解析PART III CLOZE [15 MIN] Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two.The Victorians had become addicted to speed and they wanted to go ever faster. Time was money and efficiency became (31)__ important. Although division of labour had been(32)______ by Adam Smith and illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in 1776,(33)______ could now become fully realised. This specialisation of labour was in (34)______contrast to the rural means of production, in (35)______ the family was the means of production, consumption and socialisation. (36)______ greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker. Steam made this (37)______ and changed working life forever. (38)______ were the days when work was (39)______ by natural forces: steam engines were servant(40)______ neither season nor sunshine. Factories had foremen and life became correspondingly more (41)______ . The clocking-on machine was (42)______ in 1885 and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only (43)______ twenty years later. (44)______ it was not all bad news. Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather. Factories provided (45)______ and predictable income, but long hours.Working life was becoming increasingly regulated, and the working (46)______ was reorganised to promote ever greater efficiency. The old (47)______ of St. Monday - when no work was done – was gradually phased out and to (48)______ , work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume (49)______ Monday morning. Anew division between "work" and "leisure" emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football, and the (50)______ of music hall entertainment for the new working classes.31. A. surprisingly B. increasingly C. slowly D. obviously32. A. contributed B. informed C. spread D. conceived33. A. it B. he C. these D. those34. A. clear B. marked C. apparent D. firm35. A. that B. what C. where D. which36. A. Upon B. Over C. With D. For37. A. possible B. practical C. worthwhile D. useful38. A. Passed B. Lost C. Gone D. Missed39. A. defined B. dictated C. limited D. controlled40. A. over B. on C. by D. to41. A. controlled B. standard C. difficult D. dreadful42. A. designed B. created C. invented D. bought43. A. certain B. some C. these D. those44. A. For B. But C. Consequently D. Accordingly45. A. safe B. good C. continuous D. secure46. A. week B. period C. pattern D. practice47. A. culture B. behavior C. custom D. habit48. A. repair B. compensate C. mend D. moderate49. A. before B. after C. on D. until50. A. rise B. increase C. trend D. presence答案：31.A.increasingly 。
2014年12月英语四级考试阅读真题及答案
2014年12⽉英语四级考试阅读真题及答案 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. For decades, Americans have taken for granted the XXXX development of new technologies. The innovations(创新)XXXX opment during World War II and afterwards were(36)_____ to the prosperity of the nation in the second half of the 20th century. Those innovations, upon which virtually all aspects of(37)_____ society now depend, were possible because the United States then(38)_____ the world in mathematics and science education. Today, however, despite increasing demand for workers with strong skills in mathematics and science, the(39)_____ of degrees awarded in science, math, and engineering are decreasing. The deeling in degree production in what are called the STEM disciplines(science, technology, engineering, and math.)seems to be(40)_____related to the comparatively weak performance by U.S. schoolchildren on international assessments of math and science. Many students entering college have weak skills in mathematics. According to the 2005 report of the Business Higher Education Forum, 22 percent of college freshmen must take remediat(补习的)math(41)_____, and less than half of the students who plan to major in science or engineering(42)_____complete a major in those fields. The result has been a decrease in the number of American college graduates who have the skills, (43)_____ in mathematics, to power a workforce that can keep the country at the forefront(前⾔)of innovation and maintain its standard of living. With the(44)_____ performance of American students in math and science has come increased competition from students from other countries that have strongly supported education in these areas. Many more students earn(45)_____ in the STEM disciplines in developing countries than in the United States. A.accelerating B.actually C.closely D.contemporary E.courses F.critical G.declining H.degrees I.especially J.future K.led L.met M.procedures N.proportions O.sphetes Section B Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Ban sugary drinks that will add fuel to the obesity war [A] On a train last Thursday, I sat opposite a man who was so fat he filled more than one seat. He was pale and disfigured and looked sick to death, which he probably was: obesity(肥胖的)leads to many nasty ways of dying. Looking around the carriage, I saw quite a few people like him, including a couple of fatty children with swollen checks pressingagainst their eyes. These people are part of what is without exaggeration an epidemic(流⾏病)of obesity. [B] But it is quite unnecessary: there is a simple idea- far from new- that could spare millions of such people a lifetime of chronic(长期的)ill health, and at the same time save the National Health Service(NHS)at least ￡14 billion a year in England and Wales. There would, you might think, be considerable public interest in it. This simple idea is that sugar is as good- or as bad- as poison and should be avoided. It is pure, white and deadly, as Professor John Yudkin described it 40 years ago in a revolutionary book of that name. The subtitle was How Sugar Is Killing Us. [C] In its countless hidden forms, in ready meals, junk food and sweet drinks, sugar leads to addiction(瘾), to hormonal upsets to the appetite, to metabolic(新陈代谢的)malfunctions and obesity and from there to type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)and its many horrible complication. If people really grasped that, they would try to kick the habit, particularly as Britain is the ― fat man of Europe‖ . They might even feel driven to support government measures to prevent people from consuming this deadly stuff. Yet so far this idea has met little but resistance. [D] It is not difficult to imagine the vested interests(既得利益集团)lined up against any sugar control- all the food and drink manufacturers, processors, promoters and retailers who make such easy pickings out of the magic powers of sugar. Then there are the liberals, with whom I would normally side, who protest that government regulation would be yet another instance of interference in our lives. [E]That is true, but people should realize that you cannot have a welfare state without a nanny state(保姆国家), to some degree. If we are all to be responsible for one another’s health insurance, through socialized medicine, then we are all closely involved in one another’s health, including everyone’s eating and drinking. That has already been admitted, finally, with smoking. But it has yet to be admitted with overeating, even though one in four adults in this country is obese and that number is predicted to double by the year 2050.Quite apart from anything else, obesity will cripple the NHS. [F]Recently, though, there have been signs that the medical establishment is trying to sound the alarm. Last month the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges(AMRC)published a report saying that obesity is the greatest public health issue affecting the UK and urging government to do something. [G]The report offers 10 recommendations, of which the first is imposing a tax of 20 percent on sugary drinks for at least a year, on top of the existing 20 percent value-added tax. That at least would be an excellent start. The amounts of sugar in soft drinks are horrifying, and turn straight to fat. As Professor Terence Stephenson, head of the AMRC, has said, sugary soft drinks are ―the ultimate bad food. You are just consuming neat sugar. Your body didn’t evolve to handle this kind of thing.‖ [H]Precisely. The risks of eating too much fat or salt(which are very different)pale into insignificant compared with the harm done by sugar. And it is everywhere. [I]It is difficult to buy anything in a supermarket, other than plain, unprepared meat, fish or vegetables, that doesn’t have a large amount of sugar in it. This has come about because the prevailing scientific views of the 1960s and 1970s ignored the evidence about sugar, and instead saw fat as the really serious risk, both to the heart and other organs, as well as the cause of obesity. [J]The fashion was to avoid fat. But finding that food with much of its fat removed is not very appetizing, food producers turned to sugar as a magic alternative flavor enhancer, often in the forms of syrups(糖浆)that had recently been developed from corn, and put it generously into most prepared foods and soft drinks. [K]This stuff is not just fattening. It is addictive. It interferes with the body’s metabolism, possibly via the activity of an appetite-controlling hormone. There’s plenty of evidence for this, for those who will accept the truth. [L]Theoretically, people ought to make ―healthy choices‖ and avoid overeating. But sugar additives are not easy to identify and are hard to avoid. So the snacking, over-drinking and over eating that makes people fat is not really their own fault: obesity is in large part something that is being done to them. It should be stopped, or rather the government should stop it. [M]Going round my local supermarket, I am constantly astonished that it is still legal to sell all the poisons stacked high on the shelves. The problem is that they are worse than useless. They are poisonous. They are known to be addictive. They are known to make people obese. And giving small children sweet drinks or bottles of fake juice all day long is nothing less than child abuse. [N]Clearly, the sale of such stuff ought to be illegal. I hate to think of yet more government regulation. But a bit of tax on sweet soda and a little more health education, a bit of cooking in schools and banning vending machines(⾃动售货机)here and there — as suggested try the AMRC report — is not going to achieve very much. Labelling is quite inadequate. What is needed is legislation banning high levels of sugary syrups used in foods and drinks. [O]In June 2012, the then minister for public health said the government was not scared of the food industry and had notruled out legislation, because of the costs of obesity to the NHS. However, nothing has happened yet. Why not have another Jammie Dodger biscuit and forget about it. 46、Avoiding over-consumption of sugar can improve people’s health as well as save medical expenses. 47、Laws should be passed to make it illegal to produce overly sweet foods or drinks. 48、Giving small children sweet juices to drink all the time is equal to child abuse. 59、Looking around, the author found obesity quite widespread. 50、The number of obese people is expected to increase quickly in the next few decades. 51、If people really understood the horrible consequences of sugary foods and drinks, they would support government measures against sugar consumption. 52、It would be a very good beginning wo improve an additional tax on sugary drinks. 53、The government has not yet taken any action to regulate sugar consumption although it indicated its intention to do so some time ago. 54、Sugar is far more harmful to health than fat and salt. 55、Consumers of sweet foods are not really to blame because they cannot tell what food is sugary.Section C Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. The rise of the Internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. Over two billion people worldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly, often using Web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. But the Internet’s tremendous impacts has only just begun. ―Mass adoption of the Internet is driving one of the most exciting social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global,‖ Schmidt and Cohen write in their new book. The New Digital Age. Perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currently lack Internet access get online. The authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the Internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. But if the book has one major shortcoming, it’s that authors don’t spend enough time applying a critical eye to the role of Internet businesses in these weeping changes. In their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes — and more importantly predicts — how the Internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. They paint a picture of a world in which individuals, companies, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual. At the core of the book is the idea that ―technology is neutral, but people aren’t.‖ By using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy(对⽴观点)that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the Internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. In an interview with TIME earlier this week, Cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the Internet, they’re also realistic about the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance(监视). 56、In what way is the rise of the Internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph? A.It transforms human history. B.It facilitates daily communication. C.It is adopted by all humanity. D.It revolutionizes people's thinking. 57、How do Schmidt and Cohen describe the effects of the Internet? A.They are immeasurable. B.They are worldwide. C.They are unpredictable. D.They are contaminating 58、In what respect is the book The New Digital Age considered inadequate? A.It fails to recognize the impact of the Internet technology. B.It fails to look into the social implications of the Internet. / p > p > 0 0 C . I t l a c k s a n o b j e c t i v e e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e r o l e o f I n t e r n e t b u s i n e s s e s . / p > p > 0 0 D . I t d o e s n o t a d d r e s s t h e t e c h n i c a l a s p e c t s o f I n t e r n e t c o m m u n i c a t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 5 9 0 W h a t w i l l t h e f u t u r e b e l i k e w h e n e v e r y b o d y g e t s o n l i n e ? / p > p > 0 0 A . P e o p l e w i l l b e l i v i n g i n t w o d i f f e r e n t r e a l i t i e s . / p > p > 0 0 B . P e o p l e w i l l h a v e e q u a l a c c e s s t o i n f o r m a t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 C . P e o p l e d o n t h a v e t o t r a v e l t o s e e t h e w o r l d . / p > p > 00 D . P e o p l e d o n t h a v e t o c o m m u n i c a t e f a c e t o f a c e . / p > p > 0 0 6 0 0 W h a t d o e s t h e p a s s a g e s a ya b o u t t h e a u t h o r s o f T h e N e w D i g i t a l A g e ? / p > p > 0 0 A . T h e y l e a v e m a n y q u e s t i o n s u n a n s w e r e d c o n c e r n i n g t h e I n t e r n e t . / p > p > 0 0 B . T h e y a r e o p t i m i s t i c a b o u t t h e f u t u r e o f t h e I n t e r n e t r e v o l u t i o n . / p > p > 0 0 C . T h e y h a v e e x p l o r e d t h e u n k n o w n t e r r i t o r i e s o f t h e v i r t u a l w o r l d . / p > p > 0 0 D . T h e y d o n t t a k e s i d e s i n a n a l y z i n g t h e e f f e c t s o f t h e I n t e r n e t . / p >。
2014年6月英语四级长篇阅读答案解析（新东方版）
46. Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.答案：D解析：对应D段末句。
printed versions（纸质版本）对应hard copy（印刷版本），be considered important ones（被认为重要）对应become the mark…to reckon（认为是标志）。
47. Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.答案：N解析：对应N段第三句提到的tactile pleasure in books（书本的触觉上的愉悦）。
48. The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.答案：J解析：对应J段最后两句。
changed greatly（巨⼤改变）对应a very different business（相当不同的⾏业），attracts more listeners（吸引更多听众）对应enlarged their audience（扩⼤受众⾯）。
49. Contrary to many people’s prediction of its death, the film industry survived.答案：H解析：对应H段第⼆句。
many people’s prediction对应widely predicted。
50. Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.答案：A解析：这是对A段所描述的电⼦书在近⼏年内⼤幅增长的现象的概括。
51. Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.答案：L解析：对应L段第三句。
2014年英语专业四级真题及答案(阅读理解).doc
TEXT AAfter breakfast the boys wandered out into the play-ground. Here the day-boys were gradually assembling. They were sons of the local clergy, of the officers at the Depot, and of such manufacturers or men of business as the old town possessed. Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. This consisted of a large, long room at opposite ends of which two under-masters conducted the second and third forms, and of a smaller one, leading out of it, used by Mr. Watson, who taught the first form. To attach the preparatory to the senior school these three classes were known officially, on speech days and in reports, as upper, middle, and lower second. Philip was put in the last. The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice; he had a jolly manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. Philip was surprised when it was a quarter to eleven and they were let out for ten minutes' rest.The whole school rushed noisily into the play-ground. The new boys were told to go into the middle, while the others stationed themselves along opposite walls. They began to play Pig in the Middle. The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said - one, two, three, and a pig for me - he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners, taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip's clumsy run. Other boys saw it and began to laugh; then they all copied the first; and they ran round Philip, limping grotesquely, screaming in their treble voices with shrill laughter. They lost their heads with the delight of their new amusement, and choked with helpless merriment. One of them tripped Philip up and he fell, heavily as he always fell, and cut his knee. They laughed all the louder when he got up. A boy pushed him from behind, and he would have fallen again if another had not caught him. The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philip's deformity. One of them invented an odd, rolling limp that struck the rest as supremely ridiculous, and several of the boys lay down on the ground and rolled about in laughter: Philipwas completely scared. He could not make out why they were laughing at him. His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round him, mimicking and laughing; they shouted to him to try and catch them; but he did not move. He did not want them to see him run any more. He was using all his strength to prevent himself from crying.TEXT BFor parents who send thei r kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of college life.”Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest CIRP Freshman Survey that reported students' emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress.1) Stress can make smart people do stupid things: Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.2) The human body doesn't discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one: Any stressful experience will create a cascade of 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.3) Stress can become your new norm: When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as yournormal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.4) Stress can be controlled: Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. These techniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.5) Stress less by loving what you study: Barbara Frederickson, a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.TEXT CFor anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Part of what's driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts. And these sites also are pumping up sheer volume. Many Twitter and Facebook devotees create settings that alert them, via text message, every time a tweet or message is earmarked for them. In October 2009, 400 million texts alerted social-media users to such new messages across AT&T's wireless network, says Mark Collins, AT&T senior vice president for data and voice products; by September 2010, the number had more than doubled to one billion. (Twitter reports more than two billion tweets are sent each month.)赠送以下资料考试知识点技巧大全一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。
2014年4月19日英语专四TEM4真题及答案[完整编排版]
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TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2014)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MIN PART I DICTATION [15 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. What are they mainly talking about in the conversation?A. Transport.B. Customers.C. Relocation.D. Restaurants.2. Which of the following is mentioned by Tim as a good reason for moving?A. More office space.B. Convenient parking.C. Fewer office workers.D. A near-by train station.3. Why is Jane worried about winter in the new location?A. It is much colder there.B. There are few activities.C. There are no good restaurants.D. There is no cinema or theatre.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4. Miss Parkinson became interested in her own business _______.A. before she worked for the media companyB. when she was on holiday five years agoC. after she went to therapists and classesD. after her friend recommended it to her5. Why did she ask her teachers to teach her at home?A. She was busier than before.B. It was more convenient.C. She liked to exercise at home.D. She was given a promotion.6. Which of the following is NOT true according to the conversation?A. She recommended people to take classes.B. She was willing to pay more for classes at home.C. She left her job immediately after her promotion.D. She regarded the business as a pastime at first.7. Why did she finally leave her job?A. She got bored with her job.B. She saw an opportunity.C. She needed the money.D. She was forced to leave.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the conversation.8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the single-lens reflex?A. Different lenses can be used.B. Focusing is easier.C. You can see what you are taking.D. It is cheaper and lighter.9. According to the shop assistant, the main difference between the two types of cameras lies in _______.A. lensB. priceC. weightD. size10. It can be inferred from the conversation that the customer is more likely to buy _______ in the end.A. a single-lens cameraB. nothingC. a rangefinder cameraD. several lenses instead SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11. Which of the following details about the front of the house is CORRECT?A. The front is pink.B. The curtain is drawn.C. No window can be seen.D. There are two doors.12. What is to the immediate left side of the house?A. A washing line.B. Another house.C. A flat area.D. A chimney.13. Where is the small town in the picture?A. Between two hills.B. Further to the left of the house.C. At the back of the house.D. At the side of a hill.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14. When did Ben first become interested in Mongolia?A. When he grew up.B. When he learned Mongolian.C. When he returned home.D. When he was nine years old.15. Where did he spend most of his teenage years?A. In Mongolia.B. In the Arab world.C. In his hometown.D. In some other regions.16. We learn from the passage that Ben _______ while doing his master’s degree.A. became interested in classical MongolianB. learned classical and modern MongolianC. gave up modern MongolianD. mastered modern Mongolian17. Which of the following details is NOT true according to the passage?A. Ben wants to visit Mongolia when the weather is warm.B. Ben considers the travel expense reasonable.C. The trip today is expensive considering inflation.D. Ben was unable to travel to Mongolia in 1971.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18. Which is the height of towers at Sky Greens vertical farm?A. 9 meters.B. 20 meters.C. 100 meters.D. 40 meters.19. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. The farm sells its vegetables to a local supermarket.B. The farm uses less water and energy to grow vegetables.C. The farm causes less pollution in its production.D. The farm sells at the same price as imported produce20. According to the passage, one particular advantage of the Sky Green is _______.A. local climateB. local supportC. plan for expansionD. closeness to the city SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21. According to the passage, Turkish police were unsure about _______.A. when the woman was killedB. the main cause of the deathC. the woman’s identityD. why she failed to return home22. How many people had been detained by Turkish police?A. 9.B. 19.C.22.D. 33.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.23. What is the situation now in Kidal according to the news?A. Islamist militants are still in control of the town.B. French forces have entered the town.C. French are going to land at the airport.D. Islamist militants are attacking the airport.24. Why did the French launch the military operation?A. To control Kidal airport.B. To protect the town.C. To protect the capital Bamako.D. To fight against Islamist militants.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.25. Which of the following is TRUE about the immigration reform?A. It was proposed by a group of senators.B. Mr Obama had carried out the reform.C. Illegal immigrants would soon be given citizenship.D. The reform failed to improve the current system.26. According to Obama’s 2011 blueprint, how long would it take for illegal immigrants to gain citizenship?A. Eight years.B. Five years.C. Thirteen years.D. Eleven years.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.27. What is Lorraine Melvill’s business?A. Running a plastic surgery clinic.B. Arranging for surgery and safaris.C. Providing consultancy to local people.D. Organizing trips to UK and American.28. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the news item?A. Local African clients helped keep her business going.B. Her clients were unable to pay her the money.C. Her business was affected by the global financial crisis.D. She still had as many European clients as before.Questions 29 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.29. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Foreign investment in unstable regions.B. BP’s presence in North Africa.C. Security concerns in risky countries.D. Protection for foreign oil workers.Questions 30 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question. Now, listen to the news.30. What is the main message of the news item?A. London attracts shoppers from all over the world.B. Most people in Nigeria live in poverty.C. Wealthier Nigerians become a big spender.D. People from the Middle East are the most wealthy. PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.The Victorians had become addicted to speed and they wanted to go ever faster. Time was money and efficiency became (31)____ important. Although divisions of labour had been (32)____ by Adam Smith and illustrated by a pin factory in The Wealth of Nations in 1776, (33)____ could now become fully realised. This specialization of labour was in (34)____ contrast to the rural means of production, in (35)____ the family was the means of production, consumption and socialization. (36)____ greater speed came a greater need for industries and businesses to make more and make it quicker. Steam made this (37)____ and changed working life forever (38)____ were the days when work was (39)____ by natural forces: steam engines were servant (40)____ neither season nor sunshine. Factories had foremen and life became correspondingly more (41)____. The clocking-on machine was (42)____ in 1885 and time and motion studies to increase efficiency would be introduced only (43)____ twenty years later. (44)____ it was not all bad news. Agricultural incomes depended on variable harvests and weather. Factories provided (45)____ and predictable income, but long hours.Working life was becoming increasingly regulated, and the working (46)____ was reorganised to promote ever-greater efficiency. The old (47)____ St. Monday - when no work was done - was (48)____, work stopped around midday on Saturday and did not resume (49)____ Monday morning. A new division between “work” and “leisure” emerged, and this new block of weekend leisure time coincided with the development of spectator sports like cricket and football, and the (50)____ of music hall entertainment for the new working classes.31. A. increasingly B. surprisingly C. slowly D. obviously32. A. contributed B. informed C. spread D. conceived33. A. he B. it C. these D. those34. A. clear B. marked C. apparent D. firm35. A. that B. what C. where D. which36. A. Upon B. Over C. With D. For37. A. possible B. practical C. worthwhile D. useful38. A. Passed B. Lost C. Gone D. Missed39. A. defined B. controlled C. limited D. dictated40. A. over B. on C. by D. to41. A. standard B. controlled C. difficult D. dreadful42. A. designed B. created C. invented D. bought43. A. some B. certain C. these D. those44. A. For B. But C. Consequently D. Accordingly45. A. safe B. good C. continuous D. secure46. A. week B. period C. pattern D. practice47. A. culture B. behaviour C. custom D. habit48. A. repair B. compensate C. mend D. moderate49. A. before B. until C. on D. after50. A. raise B. increase C. trend D. presentPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN] There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.A. is examiningB. will examineC. examinesD. examine52. Which of the following sentences expresses a future action?A. Lucy is continually finding fault with her sister.B. We are meeting the visitors after the performance.C. The coach is now crossing the Garden Bridge.D. I’m hoping that you’ll give us some advice.53. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?A. The front door remained locked.B. The boy looked disappointed.C. Nancy appeared worried.D. He seemed to have no money left.54. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. Physics is an important school subject.B. The Niagara Falls is in North America.C. The United States borders Canada.D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.55. Which of the following sentences indicates POSSIBILITY?A. The moon cannot always be at the full.B. You cannot smoke inside the building.C. He cannot come today.D. She cannot play the piano.56. The boys in the family are old enough for ________.A. schoolsB. schoolC. the schoolD. the schools57. Which of the following italicized parts indicates a predicate-object relationship?A. He was reading Mary’s letter in the room.B. You can buy men’s shoes in this shop.C. Mrs. Black’s passport was lost.D. The enemy’s defeat brought the war to an end.58. Please pardon ________ you.A. my disturbingB. disturbing meC. to disturbD. that I disturb59. Which of the following tag questions is INCORRECT?A. Carry this parcel for me, will you?B. Nobody wants to go there, does he?C. Few people know him, don’t they?D. Everything is ready, isn’t it?60. Which of the following reflexive pronouns（反身代词）is used as an object?A. I spoke to the president himself.B. Frank is not quite himself today.C. Linda herself will play the violin.D. You must pull yourself together.61. The research team can handle ________ needs to be handled.A. wheneverB. whicheverC. whereverD. whatever62. Which of the following italicized parts modifies an adverb?A. I rather like my teacher.B. That was a very funny film.C. Do it right now.D. We walked about 6 miles.63. When the sentence “They had made a mess of the house” is turned into passive voice, which of the following isCORRECT?A. A mess had been made in the house.B. A mess had been made by them.C. The house had been made a mess of.D. The house had been made a mess.64. Fool ________ Michael is, he could not have done such a thing.A. asB. whoC. thatD. like65. When the sentence “Shall I drive you to the airport first?” is turned into indirect speech, which of the following is mostappropriate?A. He agreed to drive me to the airport first.B. He offered to drive me to the airport first.C. He advised me to go to the airport first.D. He suggested that I drive to the airport first.66. The interviewers were impressed by the high calibre of the applicants for the job. The underlined part means ________.A. criterionB. qualityC. qualificationD. level67. Her career has ________ a number of activities — composing, playing and acting.A. heldB. producedC. embracedD. combined68. The operation could ________ her life by two or three years.A. prolongB. increaseC. expandD. continue69. All her cousins and their children have fair hair. The underlined part means ________.A. fineB. darkC. thickD. light70. John always feels sluggish first thing in the morning. The underlined part means ________.A. sickB. inactiveC. dizzyD. drowsy71. The family of the victim had to endure a long wait before the case cane to trial. The underlined part means ________.A. tolerateB. keepC. faceD. hold72. The chief of surgery became committee chairman by virtue of ________.A. seniorityB. serviceC. ageD. rank73. He turned his back on them when they most needed him. The underlined part means ________.A. criticizedB. ignoredC. betrayedD. deceived74. Our school did not ________ for Christmas until mid-December.A. break outB. break downC. break upD. break in75. The flags in the stadium ________ in the wind.A. flappedB. movedC. shookD. stirred76. His mother retired early on account of poor health. The underlined part means ________.A. despiteB. withC. according toD. because of77. The whole country was in ________ over the result of the elections.A. suspensionB. suspenseC. suspendingD. suspender78. There is no conceivable reason why there should be any difficulty during the project. The underlined part can be replacedby all the following EXCEPT ________.A. thinkableB. imaginableC. possibleD. observable79. The employers prepared, with all due ________ for a conference with the Trade Unions.A. cautionB. concernC. certaintyD. consideration80. Our experiment was conducted under optimal conditions. The underlined part means ________.A. perfectB. properC. possibleD. proposedPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN] In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AAfter breakfast the boys wandered out into the play-ground. Here the day-boys were gradually assembling. They were sons of the local clergy, of the officers at the Depot, and of such manufacturers or men of business as the old town possessed. Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. This consisted of a large, long room at opposite ends of which two under masters conducted the second and third forms, and of a smaller one, leading out of it, used by Mr. Watson, who taught the first form. To attach the preparatory to the senior school these three classes were known officially, on speech days and in reports, as upper, middle, and lower second. Philip was put in the last. The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice;he had a jolly manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. Philip was surprised when it was quarter to eleven and they were let out for ten minutes' rest.The whole school rushed noisily into the play-ground. The new boys were told to go into the middle, while the others stationed themselves along opposite walls. They began to play Pig in the Middle. The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said - one, two, three, and a pig for me - he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners, taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip’s clumsy run. Other boys saw it and began to laugh; then they all copied the first; and they ran round Philip, limping grotesquely, screaming with shrill laughter. They lost their heads with the delight of their new amusement, and choked with helpless merriment. One of them tripped Philip up and he fell, heavily as he always fell, and cut his knee. They laughed all the louder when he got up. A boy pushed him from behind, and he would have fallen again if another had not caught him. The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philip’s deformity. Philip was completely scared. He could not make out why they were laughing at him. His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round him, mimicking and laughing; they shouted to him to try and catch them; but he did not move. He did not want them to see him run any more. He was using all his strength to prevent himself from crying.81. From the beginning of the passage we learn that ________.A. some pupils came from the local areaB. the school only accepted day-boysC. the school had only three classesD. Philip’s class was part of the senior school82. What was Philip’s reaction to his class?A. He thought class was too short.B. He found his class surprising.C. He seemed to have enjoyed it.D. He wanted to change class.83. In the game Philip lost his ground because ________.A. the game wasn’t fit for new boys like himB. the playground wasn’t big enough for the gameC. he did not know the rules of the gameD. he could not run as quickly as other boys84. What did the boys do after Philip lost his ground?A. They continued with the game.B. They stopped to make fun of him.C. They changed to another game.D. They stopped and went inside.85. How did Philip feel in the end?A. He was ashamed of himself.B. He was very nervous.C. He was really horrified.D. He felt himself stupid. TEXT BFor parents who send their kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of college life.”Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest research study that reported students’ emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students are not learning how to effectively handle this stress. Let me show five facts that I believe every college student should know about stress.First, stress can make smart people do stupid things. Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.Second, the human body doesn’t discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one. Any stressful experience will create about 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.Third, stress can become your new pattern. When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as your normal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.Fourth, stress can be controlled. Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. These techniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.One technique involves slowing your thoughts and focusing on your heartbeat, breathing slowly and deeply, and focusing on the positive feeling that you receive.Finally, stress can be lessened by loving what you study. Barbara Frederickson, a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.86. The author cites the latest research study in order to show that ________.A. students are studying harder in collegeB. most students have part-time job nowC. stress continues to the time of graduationD. students only feel stressed while in school87. According to the passage, stress might cause all the following negative effects EXCEPT ________.A. socialB. mentalC. emotionalD. physical88. In the author’s opinion, stress can be controlled by ________.A. doing what you preferB. identifying your present emotional state firstC. finding a more positive feeling firstD. focusing on your emotional state89. According to the context, what does “your own biology” mean in the last paragraph?A. Your current major.B. Your future job.C. Your future research.D. Your preference.90. Which of the following is the best as the title of the passage?A. Causes of Stress.B. Type of Stress. CollegeC. Life and Stress.D. Stress and Control Methods. TEXT CFor anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Part of what's driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts.Economics has much to do with texting’s popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less. Sprint Nextel has reconceived its Virgin Mobile brand to cater to heavy texters in a difficult economy. For $25 per month, users get unlimited texting, email, social networking and 300 talk minutes; for another $15, they get an additional 900 talk minutes. The name of the brand's new wireless plan: “Beyond Talk.”Texting’s rise over conversation is changing the way we interact, social scientists and researchers say. We are now inclined to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what research have named “micro-coordination”—”I’ll txt u in 10mins when I know wh/ restrnt.”Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection. “When people have a mobile device and have even a little extra time, they will communicate with someone in their life,” says Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project.And the phone conversation will never be completely obsolete. Deal makers and other professionals still spend much of the day on the phone. Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communications at the preliminary stages of projects. The phone comes into play when there are multiple options to consider or important decisions to be made.91. At the beginning of the passage, the author uses figures for the purpose of ________.A. introductionB. comparisonC. explanationD. transition92. According to the context, which of the following is closest in meaning to “beside the point”?A. Unimportant.B. Unacknowledged.C. Underestimated.D. Undeniable.93. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause for texting’s popularity?A. Promotion of cheaper wireless packages.B. Increase in the number of adult texters.C. Redesign of mobile devices.D. Rise of social media.94. According to the passage, texting can help people to ________.A. face difficult situationsB. make appointments in advanceC. communicate wish strangersD. avoid awkward situations95. What is the passage mainly about?A. Texting’s popularity and effect.B. Role of texting in business.C. Preference to texting over thinking.D. Innovation of mobile devices.TEXT DThe healthy adolescent boy or girl likes to do the real things in life, to do the things that matter. He would rather be a plumber’s mate and do a real job that requires doing than learn about hydrostatics sitting at a desk, without understanding what practical use they are going to be. A girl would rather look after the baby than learn about child care. Logically we should learn about things before doing them and that is presumably why the pundits enforce this in our educational system. But it is not the natural way-nor, I venture to think, the best way. The adolescent wants to do things first for only then does he appreciate the problems involved and want to learn more about them.They do these things better in primitive life, for there at puberty the boy joins his father in making canoes, patching huts, going out fishing or hunting. He is serving his apprenticeship in the actual accomplishments of life. It is not surprising that anthropologists(人类学家) find that the adolescents of primitive communities do not suffer from the same neurotic(神经质的) “difficulties” as those of civilized life. This is not, as some assume, because they are permitted more sexual freedom, but because they are given more natural outlets for their native interests and powers and are allowed to grow up freely into a full life of responsibility in the community.In the 19th century this was recognized in the apprenticeship system, which allowed the boy to go out with the master carpenter, or ploughman, to engage in the actual work of carpentry or roof-mending, and so to learn his trade. In some agricultural colleges at the present time young men have to do a year’s work on a farm before their theoretical training at college. The great advantage of this system is that it lets the apprentice see the practical problems before he sets to work learning how to solve them, and he can therefore take a more intelligent interest in his theoretical work.Since more knowledge of more things is now required in order to cope with the adult world, the period of growing-up to independence takes much longer than it did in a more primitive community, and the responsibility for such education, which formerly was in the hands of the parents, is now necessarily undertaken by experts at school. But that should not make us lose sight of the basic principle, namely the need and the desire of the adolescent to engage responsibly in the real pursuits of life and then to learn how — to learn through responsibility, not to learn before responsibility.。
2014年专四英语完型阅读模拟试题及答案
2014年专四英语完型阅读模拟试题及答案第一篇：2014年专四英语完型阅读模拟试题及答案【-专业英语四级八级考试试题】Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do notprovide energy, ___1___ do they construct or build any part of the body.They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance.There are thirteen or more of them, and if ___3___ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.1.A.either B.so C.nor D.never2.A.shifting B.transferring C.altering D.transforming3.A.any B.some C.anything D.something4.A.serious B.apparent C.severe D.fatal通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，对于没把握的同学，可以考虑一下捷径θθ,954565870 很不错，记得用联通3G手机或4G，大部分都有信号。
2014年英语专四真题答案包过。
缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重(serious)、致命(fatal)，故应排除选项A和D。
severe(严厉的)不能用来修饰疾病。
因此，选B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。
2014年英语专业四级真题及答案（阅读理解）.doc
2014年英语专业四级真题及答案（阅读理解）.docTEXT AAfter breakfast the boys wandered out into the play-ground. Here the day-boys were gradually assembling. They were sons of the local clergy, of the officers at the Depot, and of such manufacturers or men of business as the old town possessed. Presently a bell rang, and they all trooped into school. This consisted of a large, long room at opposite ends of which two under-masters conducted the second and third forms, and of a smaller one, leading out of it, used by Mr. Watson, who taught the first form. To attach the preparatory to the senior school these three classes were known officially, on speech days and in reports, as upper, middle, and lower second. Philip was put in the last. The master, a red-faced man with a pleasant voice, was called Rice; he had a jolly manner with boys, and the time passed quickly. Philip was surprised when it was a quarter to eleven and they were let out for ten minutes' rest.The whole school rushed noisily into the play-ground. The new boys were told to go into the middle, while the others stationed themselves along opposite walls. They began to play Pig in the Middle. The old boys ran from wall to wall while the new boys tried to catch them: when one was seized and the mystic words said - one, two, three, and a pig for me - he became a prisoner and, turning sides, helped to catch those who were still free. Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his limp gave him no chance; and the runners, taking their opportunity, made straight for the ground he covered. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip's clumsy run. Other boys saw it and began to laugh; then they all copied thefirst; and they ran round Philip, limping grotesquely, screaming in their treble voices with shrill laughter. They lost their heads with the delight of their new amusement, and choked with helpless merriment. One of them tripped Philip up and he fell, heavily as he always fell, and cut his knee. They laughed all the louder when he got up. A boy pushed him from behind, and he would have fallen again if another had not caught him. The game was forgotten in the entertainment of Philip's deformity. One of them invented an odd, rolling limp that struck the rest as supremely ridiculous, and several of the boys lay down on the ground and rolled about in laughter: Philipwas completely scared. He could not make out why they were laughing at him. His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe, and he was more frightened than he had ever been in his life. He stood still stupidly while the boys ran round him, mimicking and laughing; they shouted to him to try and catch them; but he did not move. He did not want them to see him run any more. He was using all his strength to prevent himself from crying.TEXT BFor parents who send thei r kids off to college saying, “These will be the best years of your life,” it would be very appropriate to add, “If you can handle the stress of college life.”Freshmen are showing up already stressed out, according to the latest CIRP Freshman Survey that reported students' emotional health levels at their lowest since the survey started in 1985. While in school, more students are working part-time and near-full-time jobs. At graduation, only 29 percent of seniors have jobs lined up.Pressure to excel often creates stress, and many students arenot learning how to effectively handle this stress.1) Stress can make smart people do stupid things: Stress causes what brain researchers call “cortical inhibition.” In simple terms, stress inhibits a part of the brain responsible for decision-making and reaction time and can adversely affect other mental abilities as well.2) The human body doesn't discriminate between a big stressful event and a little one: Any stressful experience will create a cascade of 1,400 biochemical events in your body. If any amount of stress is left unchecked, many things can occur within the body, including premature aging, impaired cognitive function and energy drain.3) Stress can become your new norm: When you regularly experience negative feelings and high amounts of stress, your brain recognizes this as yournormal state. This then becomes the new norm, or baseline for your emotional state.4) Stress can be controlled: Countless studies demonstrate that people can restructure their emotional state using emotion-refocusing techniques. These techniques help you recognize how you are feeling and shift to a more positive emotional, mental and physical state.5) Stress less by loving what you study: Barbara Frederickson,a leading international authority on the importance of positive emotions, says humans are genetically programmed to seek positive emotions such as love and joy. It's suggested to choose a major or career path you love and enjoy. Otherwise, you could end up fighting against your own biology.TEXT CFor anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is uponus, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Part of what's driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts. And these sites also are pumping up sheer volume. Many Twitter and Facebook devotees create settings that alert them, via text message, every time a tweet or message is earmarked for them. In October 2009, 400 million texts alerted social-media users to such new messages across AT&T's wireless network, says Mark Collins, AT&T senior vice president for data and voice products; by September 2010, the number had more than doubled to one billion. (Twitter reports more than two billion tweets are sent each month.) 赠送以下资料考试知识点技巧大全一、考试中途应饮葡萄糖水大脑是记忆的场所，脑中有数亿个神经细胞在不停地进行着繁重的活动,大脑细胞活动需要大量能量。
2014年12月英语四级阅读练习及答案
2014年12月英语四级阅读练习及答案第一篇：2014年12月英语四级阅读练习及答案Passage OneQuestions 56 t0 60 are based on the following passage．It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic．Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution，the problem is literally worldwide．On several occasions over the past decade，a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic．In fact，the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution．Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil)is creating a“greenhouse effect”-holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature．If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees。
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【 - 专业英语四级八级考试试题】
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, ___1___ do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if ___3___ is missing, a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.
1. A. either B. so C. nor D. never
2. A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming
3. A. any B. some C. anything D. something
4. A. serious B. apparent C. severe D. fatal
通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突
出特点，对于没把握的同学，可以考虑一下捷径θθ,954565870 很不错，记得用联通3G手
机或4G，大部分都有信号。
2014年英语专四真题答案包过。
缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使
疾病严重(serious)、致命(fatal)，故应排除选项A和D。
severe(严厉的)不能用来修饰疾病。
因此，选B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。
另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤
立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、
陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。
PART Ⅰ
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage
if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on
your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is well-known for its network of major
highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest
possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well
maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not
always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and
interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban
centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush
hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However,
there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not
far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___
heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are
good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving throu
ugh the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high
___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy
8. A. when B. for C. but D. that
9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since
10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
11. A. and B. less C. more D. or
12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
15. A. there B. when C. which D. where
参考答案及详解
1. A) 此空四个选项都是从属连词，但是它们的属性是不同的，例如：although是表示转折关系的;since，because，therefore是表示原因关系的。
通过阅
读此空所在句得知大概句义为：“尽管这些宽阔的现代化公路通常很平坦且维护良好，转弯也很少，但是一直保持笔直的公路不总是令人赏心悦目”。
根据语义线索和语法线索可知此空应填表示转折关系的选项A。
2. C) 根据词汇线索和词义搭配可知，stable，splendid和complicated一般不能用来修饰roads。
3. B)根据语义线索可推断此空正确答案为选项B few。
4. C) 根据上下文可推测出如果高速公路总是保持笔直，对于驾驶者来说是非常枯燥的，因此本空的正确答案为C enjoyable。
5. D) 介词by能和动词pass搭配，意为“经过，掠过”。
6. B) 本句中的联系副词Furthermore说明本句是对上一句的进一步补充和信息的增加，由此可推测本句句义为高速公路不仅经过风景区和乡村，通常还“将庞大的都市中心区连接起来”。
故正确答案为B。
7. D) “交通拥挤”用heavy 和traffic搭配。
8. A)通过分析可知，这里使用的是一个非限定性定语从句，四个选项中只有A when 具备此语法功能。
9. B)根据上下句关系可推断此句为条件句，故选项B为正确答案。
10. A)根据主句中的“older ... roads”可推断此空需要填一个比较意义的副词，以构
成对比关系，故选项A relatively“相应地，相对地”为正确答案。
其他三词词义分别为：
regularly“有规律地，定期地”;respectively“各自地”;reasonably“有理由地”。
11. B)根据此空前后词及结构可断定此空应使用比较级
，故可排除A和D。
另外根据上下文可推测此空应为less，因为“more heavily traveled”意为“车辆拥挤的”公路，与常识不符。
12. D)从下文的others可知此空正确答案为D some。
13. B)根据上文的slopes和下文的hillsides就可以断定这里需要一个表示路况不好的
词，选项A rocks意义不符，故只有B cliffs “悬崖”为正确答案。
14. A)根据题目和选项可断定此空应为towns的后置定语，由此可猜测句义为“位于深谷
中的城镇”，“位于”lie是不及物动词，不能以过去分词的形式出现作名词的后置修饰语，
故正确答案为lie的现在分词形式lying
15. D)定语从句修饰places用where来引导。