上海外国语大学英语新闻业务历年真题

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2011年考研必备

35. 2010年电子科技大学831通信与信号系统考研试题（回忆版）
36. 2010 年电子科技大学836信号与系统和数字电路考研试题（回忆版）
37. 2008年电子科技大学808金融学基础考研试题及答案
38. 2008年电子科技大学809管理学原理考研试题
39. 2008年电子科技大学821经济学基础考研试题及答案
17. 2010年西北工业大学 975数字信号处理复试大纲
18. 2010年西北工业大学976计算机网络复试大纲
19. 2010年西北工业大学 977自动控制原理复试大纲
20. 2010年西北工业大学978生命科学院生物医学工程复试大纲
21. 2010 年西北工业大学979建筑设计快题复试大纲
12. 2009年上海外国语大学英语语言文学考研试题
13. 2009年上海外国语大学语言学及应用语言学专业课考研真题回忆
14. 2010年西北工业大学972工业企业管理复试大纲
15. 2010年西北工业大学 973毛泽东思想概论复试大纲
16. 2010年西北工业大学974软件工程复试大纲
76. 2010年西南财经大学805财务与会计（财务管理与会计学）考研试题（回忆版）
77. 2004年西南财经大学应用经济学考研试题
78. 2004年西南财经大学刑法学考研试题
79. 2004年西南财经大学理论经济学考研试题
80. 2004年西南财经大学经济法学考研试题
81. 2003年西南财经大学西方经济学考研试题
110. 2004年中国科学技术大学高等数学（B）考研试题及答案
111. 考研英语新题型排序题速成宝典
112. 西南交大结构力学2008年

上外英语考研真题

上外英语考研真题英语考研一直以来都是众多英语学习者的热门话题。

考研英语试题不仅对考生的英语基础要求较高，还需要考生具备一定的阅读理解和写作能力。

为了帮助考生更好地备考，本文将从过往的上外英语考研真题入手，分析其中的题型和知识点，为考生提供备考指导。

一、历年真题题型概述上外英语考研的真题题型主要包括阅读理解、综合能力和写作三个部分。

其中，阅读理解占据了考试的主要部分，分为长篇阅读和短篇阅读两种类型。

综合能力部分包括词汇、语法和翻译三个板块，而写作部分则要求考生根据所给的主题或论点进行文章写作。

二、阅读理解题型解析1. 长篇阅读长篇阅读通常会给出一篇较长的文章，考生需要仔细阅读并回答相关问题。

这种题型旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和综合分析能力。

在做题时，考生需要注重把握文章的主旨和各段落的中心思想，理清作者的观点和论证逻辑。

2. 短篇阅读短篇阅读题目较长篇阅读题目较短，考生需要花费更少时间进行阅读和分析。

但是短篇阅读题目内容相对紧凑，考生需要更快速地理解文章的主题和各个细节信息。

做题时，考生可以采取先读题后读文的策略，快速定位关键信息，然后结合选项进行答题。

三、综合能力题型解析1. 词汇词汇题主要考查考生对词汇的理解和应用能力。

题目一般以词义辨析、同义词、反义词和词性转换等形式出现。

为了提高答题准确度，考生在备考过程中应该注重积累词汇，并掌握词汇的多样表达方式。

2. 语法语法题主要考查考生对语法规则的理解和运用能力。

包括词性变化、时态、语态、冠词和代词等多个方面。

做语法题时，考生应该熟练掌握英语语法规则，并注意一些基础的易混淆的知识点。

3. 翻译翻译题主要考查考生对汉语和英语之间的翻译能力。

题目内容通常涉及到汉译英或英译汉。

在解决翻译题时，考生需要对英语语法、句式和上下文有较为准确的掌握，并注重理解原文的意思。

四、写作题型解析写作部分的题目一般给出一个主题或论点，要求考生根据所给的信息进行写作。

题目形式多样，包括议论文、说明文、图表作文等。

上海外国语大学考研2016年新闻学业务真题回忆版

上海外国语大学考研
2016年新闻学业务真题回忆版
一.简答
1. What is the verb tense and common sentence structure used in the English news writing?
2. What is the inverted pyramid structure? What is the function of it?
3. What are the differences between straight news and feature?
4. What is the function of a tie-back in the follow-up story?
5. What's the function of tie-back in follow-up story?
二.导语题
1.希拉里在竞选活动中提出要提高时薪
2.中国外交部就美国在中国南海军演，强烈抗议任何侵犯中国主权和领土完整的行为
3.中国二孩政策使得更多家庭想生二胎
4.巴基斯坦某一工厂房屋倒塌，死了x人，伤了x人，救援工作仍在进行
5.日本去美国留学的人数下降，去中国深造的人数却在上升
三.编译题
关于天津滨海爆炸的答记者问
有以下几点：
1.滨海新区以后的发展
2.危险品处理事故调查
3.学生开学是否受影响
4.居民受损房屋的补偿
1。

2021上海外国语大学新闻学考研真题经验参考书

上海外国语大学考研——新闻学考研心路考研是除了高考之外的第二大考试，很多人把它当做跳板去谋求更高的学历，或是为找工作增加竞争力。

但是考研是选拔性考试，一些人成功了，一些人就会被刷，好的学校竞争更是残酷，考研并不简单。

所以先问问自己为什么考研、有没有时间和精力为此付出、有无决心和自制力及能不能承担考研失败的后果。

一旦决定说我要考，那就不要犹豫，只管埋头苦学，吃的苦中苦、方为人上人。

先简单介绍一下自己的情况，本人毕业于郑州大学新闻学，决定考这个学校是因为想去上海发展，学新闻的那边的机会比较多，决定学校不是容易的事，要从多方面来考虑。

建议先决定地区，你总有很喜欢想要去发展的城市吧，要在一个城市学习首先得自己喜欢才行，要不然可能也没有太大的热情在那里发展。

再选择专业，最后选择学校。

一旦选好学校就不要改了，我曾见过在考研期间换过三四个学校的人，别人一说这个学校难考就换学校，说那个学校好考就又跟风，本来就不多的时间和精力在辗转中被消失殆尽，其结果可想而知。

所以在此提醒考研的小朋友们，先把学校选好，要经过深思熟虑，决定了就去努力。

千万别犹豫不决，最后落得一事无成。

下面再啰嗦一下考研自制力的事。

六个月的考研时间说长不长，说短也不短。

前期每天要保证8小时的学习时间，后期要10-12个小时，过程肯定都是枯燥难熬的，期间要杜绝一切诱惑，电视剧不能追、朋友相约不能去，“一心只读圣贤书”哈哈，肯定会有厌烦，但要对自己说忍一忍就会过去的，谁的成功都不是随随便便得来的。

但是朋友都很理解，给我很大鼓励，所以考研期间最好不要玩手机了。

想放松的时候就想把一天的学习任务完成再去看个电影啦，或是一个星期给自己放一天假啦。

这个看自己，但学习的时候要完全投入，玩的时候就不要想学习的事尽情玩。

特别是后期阶段，时常会烦躁，每个人都会有，要学会自我调节。

我在难熬的时候会写一些座右铭激励自己，比如“入得了地狱，才能上得了天堂”、“我不怕千万人阻挡，只怕自己投降”等，哈哈很幼稚但有用。

(NEW)上海外国语大学新闻传播学院843新闻传播学理论历年考研真题汇编

目　录2008年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题2009年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题2010年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院833新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2011年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2012年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2013年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2014年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院833新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2015年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院835新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2016年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院839新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2017年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院839新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）2018年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院843新闻学理论考研真题2008年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题附文字版试题：招生专业：新闻学考试科目：新闻学理论一、解释题（每题10分，共50分）1请定义新闻。

2什么是舆论？3如何理解新闻活动？4国际信息流中西方强势主要表现在哪些方面？5简述传播学定量研究方法的种类。

二、简答题（每题15分，共45分）1试析新闻理论的现实意义。

2简述新闻媒体与舆论之间的关系。

3简述新闻学的中心议题和新闻学的三大组成部分。

三、论述题（共55分）1为什么20年来我国媒体国家形象日益受到重视？（35分）2过去十年，我国新闻传播教育（本科生和研究生）规模得到了迅速发展，走完了西方国家几十年才能完成的历程。

请你总结我国新闻传播教育过去十年的发展特点，并点评其优势和劣势。

（20分）2009年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题招生专业：新闻学考试科目：新闻学理论一、名词解释1舆论2新闻媒介的双重属性3国际传播的研究范式二、简答题1简述新闻的定义及中心议题和三个组成部分。

2简述国际信息流的发展特点。

3谈谈你对于新闻学和传播学的看法。

上外考研英汉新闻编译模拟题+答案

上外考研英汉新闻编译模拟题+答案上海外国语大学硕士研究生入学考试模拟试卷一多语种全球新闻专业英汉新闻编译（考试时间180分钟满分150分共2页）PART I. Give BRIEF answers to the following questions.(40 points, 10 for each)1.What are the basic guidelines for broadcast news writing?2.How to make a successful interview?3.What factors must a journalist pay special attention to when covering a news conference?4.Journalists have a saying: If your mother says she loves you, check it out. How do you understand this saying?PART II. Write headlines for the following news.(30 points, 10 for each)1. 第15届中国经济学年会在华东师范大学开幕，一项对上海9个区1489对新婚夫妻的调研显示，仅有25.02%的夫妻一致有生育二孩的意愿。

2.俄罗斯联邦安全局局长亚历山大?博尔特尼科夫证实，俄客机坠毁埃及西奈半岛的原因系遭遇炸弹爆炸袭击。

俄罗斯总统普京同一天强调俄方追踪凶手并将其绳之以法的决心。

3. 11月2日，我国自主研制的C919大型客机首架机，在中国商飞公司新建成的总装制造中心浦东基地厂房内正式下线，标志着C919大型客机项目工程发展阶段研制取得了阶段性成果，为下一步首飞奠定了坚实基础。

PART III.Re-arrange the following paragraphs in the correct order to create a coherent news story, and write the order in letters on your answer sheet.(20 points)(A)The deputy TAT governor added that the number of Chinese visitors to this country will rise up to 7.9 millionsthroughout next year.(B)Of that total, nearly 2 million Chinese are expected to come over during this year's fourth quarter, beginning in October, which usually marks high season for Thai tourism.(C) According to Srisuda Wanapinyosak, a deputy governor of the T ourism Authority of Thailand, up to 7.4 million Chinese will visit varied Thai tourist spots throughout this year.(D)That compared to some 6 million Chinese earlier forecast by the agency to visit Thailand throughout this year.(E)Major destinations for the Chinese tourists include Pattaya, Phuket, Koh Samui, Chiang Mai and the Thai capital.(F)As many as 7.4 million Chinese are expected to visit Thailand throughout this year, confirmed a high- level tourism official on Monday.________、________、________、________、E、________。

2009年上海外国语大学英语综合及答案

本资料由大家论坛英语专业考研论坛收集整理上海外国语大学2009年英语语言文学英语综合考研试题英语综合改错A fairly standard consensual definition is "a relatively permanent change in behavior (sic.; it's American of course) that results from practise." This is of course arguable, particularly the "practice" criterion. Others would accept changes in "capability" or even simple "knowledge" or "understanding", even if it is not manifest in behaviour. It is however an important criterion that "learned" behaviour is not pre-programmed or wholly instinctive (not a word used much nowadays), even if an instinctual drive underpins it. Behaviour can also change as a result of maturation-simple growing-up-without being totally learned. Think of the changing attitude of children and adolescents to opposite-sex peers. Whatever the case, there has to be interaction with the environment.Even if psychologists ever agree about what learning is, in practice educationalists won't, because education introduces prescriptive notions about specifying what ought to be learnt, and there is considerable dispute about whether this ought only to be what the teacher wants the learner to learn (implicit in behavioural models), or what the learner wants to learn (as in humanistic models).2009英语语言文学完形填空全文Obtaining Linguistic DataMany procedures are available for obtaining data about a language. They range from a carefully planned, intensive field investigation in a foreign country to a casual introspection about one's mother tongue carried out in an armchair at home.In all cases, someone has to act as a source of language data - an informant. Informants are(ideally) native speakers of a language, who provide utterances for analysis and other kinds of information about the language(e.g. translations, comments about correctness, or judgements on usage). Often, when studying their mother tongue, linguists act as their own informants, judging the ambiguity, acceptability, or other properties of utterances against their own intuitions. The convenience of this approach makes it widely used, and it is considered the norm in the generative approach to linguistics. But a linguist's personal judgements are often uncertain, or disagree with the judgements of other linguists, at which point recourse is needed to more objective methods of enquiry, using non-linguists as informants. The latter procedure is unavoidable when working on foreign languages, or child speech.Many factors must be considered when selecting informants - whether one is working with single speakers(a common situation when languages have not been described before), two people interacting, small groups or large-scale samples. Age, sex, social background and other aspects of identity are important, as these factors are known to influence the kind of language used. The topic of conversation and the characteristics of the social setting(e.g. the level of formality) are also highly relevant, as are the personal qualities of the informants(e.g. their fluency and consistency). For larger studies, scrupulous attention has been paid to the sampling theory employed, and in all cases, decisions have to be made about the best investigative techniques to use.Today, researchers often tape-record informants. This enables the linguist's claims about the language to be checked, and provides a way of making those claims more accurate('difficult' pieces of speech can be listened to repeatedly). But obtaining naturalistic, good-quality data is never easy. People talk abnormally when they know they are being recorded, and sound quality can be poor. A variety of tape-recording procedures have thus been devised to minimise the大家论坛-英文电子书下载一、大家网——全球顶级学习门户网站！二、更多精美中文电子书阅读：（点击进入下载界面）中文电子书阅读三、更多精美英文小说阅读：（点击进入下载界面）1.[汇总索引] 英文小说集汇总2. [汇总索引] 最新最全经典英文名著从书3. [汇总索引]其他英语电子书汇总'observer's paradox'(how to observe the way people behave when they are not bening observed). Some recordings are made without the speaker being aware of the fact - a procedure that obtains very natural data, though ethical objections must be anticipated. Alternatively, attempts can be made to make the speaker forget about the recording, such as keeping the tape recorder out of sight, or using radio microphones. A useful technique is to introduce a topic that quickly involves the speaker, and stimulates a natural language style(e.g. asking older informants about how times have changed in their locality).An audio tape recording does not solve all the linguist's problems, however. Speech is often unclear and ambiguous. Where possible , therefore, the recording has to be supplemented by the observer's written comments on the non-verbal behaviour of the participants, and about the context in general. A facial expression, for example, can dramatically alter the meaning of what is said. Video recordings avoid these problems to a large extent, but even they have limitations(the camera connot be everywhere), and transcriptions always benefit from any additional commentary provided by an observer.Linguists also make great use of structured sessions, in which they systematically ask their informants for utterances that describe certain actions, objects or behaviour. With a bilingual informant, or through use of an interpreter, it is possible to use translation techniques('How do you say table in your language?'). A large number of points can be covered in a short time, using interview worksheets and questionnaires. Often, the researcher wishes to obtain information about just a single variable, in which case a restricted set of questions may be used: a particular feature of pronunciation, for example, can be elicited by asking the informant to say a restricted set of words. There are also several direct methods of elicitation, such as asking informants to fill in the blanks in a substitution frame(e.g I__see a car), or feeding them the wrong stimulus for correction('Is it possible to say I no can see?').A representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the porpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.英语综合阅读理解Passage 1BAKELITEThe birth of modern plasticsIn 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named 'Bakelite', was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry.The term 'plastic' comes from the Greek plassein, meaning 'to mould'. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a naturalsubstance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are 'thermoplastic', which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are 'thermosetting': like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever., Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic.The history of today's plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors - immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of 'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory. Baekeland's interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young chemistry student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). He soon abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later. By 1905 he was a wealthy New Yorker, having recently made his fortune with the invention of a new photographic paper. While Baekeland had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics. The years 1899 and 1900 had seen the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material that could be manufactured on an industrial scale. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland's major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today.The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground into powder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and. moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure; thereby 'setting' its form for life.The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the moulding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract. A common general rule was that objects should taper towards the deepest part of the mould, and if necessary the product was moulded in separate pieces. Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould. Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the smooth, 'streamlined' style popular in the 1930s. The thickness of the walls of the mould was also crucial: thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in order to make the most efficient use of machines.Baekeland's invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrial expansion -'the material of a thousand uses'. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating: properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the prepfastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors' marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.英语综合阅读理解Passage 2Nature or Nurture?A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 'leader' in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn.Milgram's experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from '15 vols of electricity (slight shock)' to '450 volts (danger - severe shock)' in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed 'pupil' was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writhings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was, 'You have no other choice. You must go on.' What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was thatvirtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. They psychiatrists felt that 'most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.What were the actuatl results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit! In repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possible account for this vast discrepancey between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative 'teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life?One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experimental, and the Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shosck. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects' actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, 'Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is benevolent and useful to society - the pursuit of scientific truth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation apears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting'.Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgot their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology - to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all behaviour.Which paragraph contains the following information?1 a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects' behaviour2 the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment3 the identity of the pupils4 the expected statistical outcome5 the general aim of sociobiologial study6 the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continueChoose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.7 The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whether(A) a 450-volt shock was dangerous(B) punishment helps learning(C) the pupils were honest(D) they were stuited to teaching8 The teacher-subjects were instructed to(A) stop when a pupil asked them to(B) denounce pupils who made mistakes(C) reduce the shock level after a correct answer(D) give punishment according to a rule9 Before the experiment took place the psychiatrists(A) believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous(B) failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions(C) underestimated the teacher-subjects' willingness to comply with experimental procedure(D) thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts英语综合阅读理解Passage 3The Truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book 'The Limits to Growth' was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world's population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exggerated, or are transient - associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funcing goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: 'Two thirds of the world's forests lost forever'. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree ofscepticism to environmental lobbying as tehy do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more cuirous about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America's encounter El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an artical in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billing but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came fromhigher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st centurey will still take up only on 12,000th of the area of the entire United States.So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3°C in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation ot the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the wolrd's single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic - but more costly still to be too pessimistic.33 What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?(A) the need to produce results(B) the lack of financial support(C) the selection of areas to research(D) the desire to solve every research problem34 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate how(A) influential the mass media can be(B) effective environmental groups can be(C) the mass media can help groups raise funds(D) environmental groups can exaggerate their claims35 What is the writer's main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?(A) some are more active than others(B) some are better organised than others(C) some receive more criticism than others(D) some support more important issues than others36 The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended to(A) educate readers(B) meet their readers' expectations(C) encourage feedback from readers(D) mislead readers37 What does the writer say about America's waste problem?(A) it will increase in line with population growth(B) it is not as important as we have been led to believe(C) it has been reduced through public awareness of the issues(D) it is only significant in certain areas of the country。

上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业2006年考研英汉互译试题无答案

上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业2006年考研英汉互译试题呵呵，同论坛上的shoppingpeng一样，我最初也是希望考取上外英语专业的，但由于非英语专业出身，确实很难啦，虽然英汉互译可以考135分，但基础英语部分老是难上90分，没有考上，现改考UIBE，还好，今年考上国际法啦，也把我收藏到的上海外国语大学英语语言文学专业2006年考研英汉互译试题及答案贴出来供准备上外的弟妹们参考吧。

其实还真希望将来有机会却去上外学习一下。

先发个试题吧。

I. Translate the following into English (75分)我们搭小火轮去广州。

晚上十点钟离开香港。

开船的时候，朋友A在舱外唤我。

我走出舱去，便听见A说：“香港的夜是很美丽的，你不可不看。

”我站在舱外，身子靠着栏杆，望着那渐渐退去的香港。

海是黑的，天也是黑的。

天上有些星子，但大半都不明亮。

只有对面的香港成了万颗星点的聚合。

山上有灯，街市上有灯，建筑物上有灯。

每一盏灯就像一颗星，在我的肉眼里它比星子更明亮，更光辉。

它们密密麻麻的排列着，像是一座星的山，放射着万丈光芒的星的山。

夜是静寂的，柔和的。

从对面我听不见一点声音。

香港似乎闭了它的大口。

但是当我注意到那一座光芒万丈的星的山的时候，我又仿佛听见那许多灯光的私语了。

因为船的移动，灯光也似乎移动起来。

而且电车汽车上的灯也在飞跑。

我看见它们时明时暗，就像人在眨眼，或者像他们在追逐，在说话。

我的视觉和听觉混合起来。

我仿佛造用眼睛听了。

那一座星的山并不是沉默的，在那里正奏着伟大的交响乐。

我差不多到了忘我的境界……船似乎在转弯。

星的山愈过愈变得窄小了。

但我的眼里还留着一片金光，还响着那美丽的交响乐。

II. Translate the following into Chinese (75分)The fact is that, as a writer, Faulkner is no more interested in solving problems than he is tempted to indulge in sociological comments on the sudden changes in the economic position of the southern states. The defeat and the consequences of defeat are merely the soil out of which his epics grow. He is not fascinated by men as a community but by man in the community, the individual as a final unity in himself, curiously unmoved by external conditions. The tragedies of these individuals have nothing in common with Greek tragedy: they are led to their inexorable end by passions caused by inheritance, traditions, and environment, passions which are expressed either in a sudden outburst or in a slow liberation from perhaps generations-old restrictions. With almost every new work Faulkner penetrates deeper into the human psyche, into man’s greatnessand powers of self-sacrifice, lust for power, cupidity, spiritual poverty, narrow-mindedness, burlesque obstinacy, anguish, terror, and degenerate aberrations. As a probing psychologist he is the unrivalled master among all living British and American novelists. Neither do any of his colleagues possess his fantastic imaginative powers and his ability to create characters. His subhuman and superhuman figures, tragic or comic in a macabre way, emerge from his mind with a reality that few existing people - even those nearest to us - can give us, and they move in a milieu whose odours of subtropical plants, ladies’perfumes, Negro sweat, and the smell of horses and mules penetrate immediately even into a Scandinavian’s warm and cosy den. As a painter of landscapes he has the hunter’s intimate knowledge of his own hunting-ground, the topographer’s accuracy, and the impressionis t’s sensitivity. Moreover—side by side with Joyce and perhaps even more so—Faulkner is the great experimentalist among twentieth-century novelists. Scarcely two of his novels are similar technically. It seems as if by this continuous renewal he wanted to achieve the increased breadth which his limited world, both in geography and in subject matter, cannot give him.。

上海外国语大学843新闻传播学理论真题

附文字版试题：招生专业：新闻学考试科目：新闻学理论一、解释题（每题10分，共50分）1．请定义新闻。

2．什么是舆论？3．如何理解新闻活动？4．国际信息流中西方强势主要表现在哪些方面？5．简述传播学定量研究方法的种类。

二、简答题（每题15分，共45分）1．试析新闻理论的现实意义。

2．简述新闻媒体与舆论之间的关系。

3．简述新闻学的中心议题和新闻学的三大组成部分。

三、论述题（共55分）1．为什么20年来我国媒体国家形象日益受到重视？（35分）2．过去十年，我国新闻传播教育（本科生和研究生）规模得到了迅速发展，走完了西方国家几十年才能完，并点评其优势和劣势。

（20分）成的历程。

请你总结我国新闻传播教育过去十年的发展特点2009年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院新闻学理论考研真题招生专业：新闻学考试科目：新闻学理论一、名词解释1．舆论2．新闻媒介的双重属性3．国际传播的研究范式二、简答题1．简述新闻的定义及中心议题和三个组成部分。

2．简述国际信息流的发展特点。

3．谈谈你对于新闻学和传播学的看法。

三、论述题1．论述我国新闻媒体的发展趋势。

2．谈谈你对2008奶奶奥运报道的看法，要求有自己的见解并论证。

2010年上海外国语大学新闻传播学院833新闻学理论考研真题（回忆版）招生专业：新闻学考试科目：833新闻学理论一、概述题1．概述新闻的基本特点和要素。

2．概述国际信息流中西方强势的主要表现。

3．概述受众的特征以及其对我国对外传播事业的启示。

二、简答题1．简述新闻的定义、新闻学的中心议题以及新闻学的三大组成部分。

2．简述“报刊四种理论”的主要内容，并阐述其积极意义和存在的缺陷。

3．简述新闻媒体与舆论的关系。

三、论述题1．请谈谈什么是新闻性信息流和非新闻性信息流，并根据你的理解讨论一下在网络时代这样归类的合理性和不足之处。

2．互联网媒体的出现对我国的对外传播事业发展既是一个机会又是一个挑战。

请你结合自己的理解论述一，并阐述原因。

上海外国语学院“新闻学”专业历年考研真题

国际贸易学*同等学力考生须过英语六级（详细要求见招生简章中报考条件的表一表二）国际政治我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

国际关系我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

外交学我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

思想政治教育我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

教育技术学语言学及应用语言学*同等学力考生须通过英语专业四级考试（详细要求见招生简章中报考条件的表一表二）*初试②外语中，201-203为全国统考科目，216－223为我校自命题外语。

报考我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

中国现当代文学*初试②外语中，201-203为全国统考科目，216－223为我校自命题外语。

报考我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

比较文学与世界文学*初试②外语中，201-203为全国统考科目，216－223为我校自命题外语。

报考我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

汉语国际教育硕士*同等学力考生须通过英语专业四级考试（详细要求见招生简章中报考条件的表一表二）*初试②外语中，201-203为全国统考科目，216－223为我校自命题外语。

报考我校该专业考生如选择我校自命题外语，若未上我校复试线，有可能无法参加调剂（外校可能不接受216－223外语语种考生），请考生慎重考虑。

上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTI考研真题与答案

上海外国语大学2012年翻译硕士MTIk考研真题I. Phrase Translation1. Austerity measures: 财政紧缩措施2. UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织( United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization )3. The US Senate: (美国)参议院4. APEC: 亚太经济合作组织亚太经合组织(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)5. Washington Post: (美国)《华盛顿邮报》6. NATO: 北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)7. Arab Spring: 阿拉伯之春8. Gary Locke: 骆家辉(原美国驻华大使)9. Reuters：(英国)路透社10. Wall Street Journal：(美国)《华尔街日报》II. 中文词汇翻译成英文十二五规划：Twelfth Five-Year Plan十七届六中全会：the Sixth Plenary Session of the seventeenthCentral Committee 全国人大：NPC ( National People’s Congress )新华社：the Xinhua News Agency软实力：Soft Power中美战略经济对话：China-US Strategic and EconomicDialogue上海合作组织：SCO ( Shanghai Cooperation Organization )珠江三角州：Pearl River Delta西气东输：project of natural gas transmission from West to East China; West–East Gas Pipeline北京共识: Beijing ConsensusII. Passage translationSection A English to ChineseReforming education-The great schools revolutionEducation remains the trickiest part of attempts to reform the public sector. But as ever more countries embark on it, some vital lessons are beginning to be learned Sep 17th 2011 | DRESDEN, NEW YORK AND WROCLAW| from the print editionFROM Toronto to Wroclaw, London to Rome, pupils and teachers have been returning to the classroom after their summer break. But this September schools themselves are caught up in a global battle of ideas. In many countries education is at the forefront of political debate, and reformers desperate to improve their national performance are drawing examples of good practice from all over the world.Why now? One answer is the sheer amount of data available on performance, not just within countries but between them. In 2000 the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) at the OECD, a rich-country club, began tracking academic attainment by the age of 15 in 32 countries. Many were shocked by where they came in the rankings. (PISA’s latest figures appear in table 1.) Other outfits, too, have beenmeasuring how good or bad schools are. McKinsey, a consultancy, has monitored which education systems have improved most in recent years.Technology has also made a difference. After a number of false starts, many people now believe that the internet can make a real difference to educating children. Hence the success of institutions like America’s Kahn Academy (see article). Experimentation is also infectious; the more governments try things, the more others examine, and copy, the results.Above all, though, there has been a change in the quality of the debate. In particular, what might be called “the three great excuses” for bad schools have receded in importance. Teachers’ unions have long maintained that failures in Western education could be blamed on skimpy government spending, social class and cultures that did not value education. All these make a difference, but they do not determine outcomes by themselves.The idea that good schooling is about spending money is the one that has been beaten back hardest. Many of the 20 leading economic performers in the OECD doubled or tripled their education spending in real terms between 1970 and 1994, yet outcomes in many countries stagnated—or went backwards. Educational performance varies widely even among countries that spend similar amounts per pupil. Such spending is highest in the United States—yet America lags behind other developed countries on overall outcomes in secondary education. Andreas Schleicher, head of analysis at PISA, thinks that only about 10% of the variation in pupil performance has anything to do with money.Many still insist, though, that social class makes a difference. Martin Johnson, an education trade unionist, points to Britain’s “inequality between classes, which is among the largest in the wealthiest nations” as the main reason why its pupils underperform. A review of reforms over the past decade by researchers at Oxford University supports him. “Despite rising attainment levels,” it concludes, “there has been little narrowing of longstanding and sizeable attainment gaps. Those from disadvantaged backgrounds remain at higher risks of poor outcomes.” American studies confirm the point; Dan Goldhaber of the University of Washington claims that “non-school factors”, such as family income, account for as much as 60% of a child’s performance in school.Yet the link is much more variable than education egalitarians suggest. Australia, for instance, has wide discrepancies of income, but came a creditable ninth in the most recent PISA study. China, rapidly developing into one of the world’s least equal societies, finished first.Culture is certainly a factor. Many Asian parents pay much more attention to their children’s test results than Western ones do, and push their schools to succeed. Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea sit comfortably at the top of McKinsey’s rankings (see table 2). But not only do some Western countries do fairly well; there are also huge differences within them. Even if you put to one side the unusual Asians, as this briefing will now do, many Western systems could jump forward merely by bringing their worst schools up to the standard of their best.So what are the secrets of success? Though there is no one template, four importantthemes emerge: decentralisation (handing power back to schools); a focus on underachieving pupils; a choice of different sorts of schools; and high standards for teachers. These themes can all be traced in three places that did well in McKinsey’s league: Ontario, Poland and Saxony.Section B Chinese to English国务院新闻办发表《中国特色社会主义法律体系》白皮书，这是2011年10月27号发布的。

上海外国语大学考研新闻学2013年真题回忆版分享

上海外国语大学考研新闻学2013年真题回忆版分享新闻理论一、名词解释（每题8分，共40分）1.硬新闻（资料P3）2.知情权（资料P15）3. 新闻价值与新闻的价值（资料P20&课本P316）4.新闻媒介的双重属性（资料Ｐ８）5.国际传播的定义（国传资料P1）二、简答（每题25分，共50分）1.19世纪后外国人在华办报对中国近代报刊发展的影响（资料P43）2.国际信息流发展特点（国传资料P13）三、论述（每题30分，共60分）1.结合你考研的经验和对新闻学和对其他学科的了解，论述新闻无学的观点并给出合理的理由，观点无对错之分，言之有理即可（资料Ｐ１＆Ｐ７）2.世界新闻法规一共有哪几种？叙述新闻法规对十八大以后我国政治制度建设（包括新闻媒体制度建设）的影响。

（资料P14）业务一、简答1.what’s ABCrule ? Try to explain it.（初试资料P1）2. Whatare the differences between feature and straight news? （初试资料P2）3. Whatis Inverted Pyramid structure? What is its function? （文体资料P3）4. Nameat least four kinds of feature（初试资料P5）二、把新闻标题改成正常句子（共5个）1. China, US firm’swin-win: entrepreneurs2.to be3.4.5.三、改成短小词（共10个）1.weapons2.finish3.essential4.support5.prohibit6.appoint7.explosion8.decrease9.10.四、排序题HKofficial wins WHO award for tobacco control1."The award has been earned by various sectors working dedicatedly incarrying out tobacco control policies and measures over the years. Theseinclude the medical sector, the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health,Legislative Council members, the academic sector, non-governmentalorganizations, members of the public and certain government departments,"he said.2.Chowreceived the trophy, WHO Director-General's Special Recognition Award, from WHORegional Director for the Western Pacific Shin Young-soo at the "World NoTobacco Day 2011 - Regional Launching and Award Ceremony."3.Chowsaid the Hong Kong government would continue to strengthen resources aimed attobacco control and the reduction of smoking to further protect public health4.Chowexpressed his gratitude to the WHO for its recognition of Hong Kong's efforts in tobacco control, adding that it was an honor forhim to receive the award.5.HONGKONG - Secretary for Food and Health of the Hong KongSpecial AdministrativeRegion government York Chow was given a major award on Sunday by the WorldHealth Organization (WHO) for his achievements in tobacco control in Hong Kong.五、编译题2012年10月29号晚上，宁波市政府新闻办召开新闻发布会，市政府副市长陈仲朝、市公安局副局长励健就镇海炼化扩建一体化项目等群众关心的问题答记者问。

2022 年考研英语作文试题评析（二）

七次考柱状图。

作为历年来被考得最多的一种图表，柱状图的特点是形象直观，一目了然。

我们要写好这篇图表作文，首先要仔细观察图表，找出图表中的变化趋势。

图表的标题为我们准确理解图表提供了重要线索，因此看图先看题。

这幅图表的标题告诉我们，它反映的是2018年至2020年间我国快递业务量的变化情况。

我们再结合三组柱状图可以看出：从2018年，我国的快递业务无论是总量还是在农村地区均呈迅速增加的趋
我们可以把这篇图表作文写成三个段落。

第一段完成写作指令中的第。

既然是解释（interpret），就不能仅仅把图表）一番。

因此我们在开始描述图表之前，最好先用一句话概括出图表的内容，然后引用图表中的数据作为支撑。

我们在描述图表时要尽量选用意思具体的下义词，还要注意措辞的变化。

第二段完成写作指令
give your comments，即对图表中所反映的趋势做出评论。

我们一般从分析原因的角度展开评论。

就本文而言，我们可以分析中国快递业务量迅速增加的原因。

分析原因没有标准答案，因此考生可以根据自己的知识储备自由发挥，只要能自圆其说即可。

比如，我们可以首先指出随着互联网的兴起，中国电子商务异军突起，导致了快递业务量迅速增加。

其次，政府制定了各种优惠的政策。

比如，为了发展经济和促进就业，各。

上外新闻学历年考研初试真题

新闻学历年初试真题（04——08）2008年上外研究生新闻学“英语新闻业务”试题Part I: (40 points)1. What are the main differences between hard news and soft news in English news writing2. Why is it important to give attribution in English news writing3. Why active voice is preferred and passive voice should be avoided whenever possible in writing news stories in English4. How do you judge if an event is newsworthy or notPart II: (20 points)1. In the United States, VOA is commercial broadcast company.2. The byline of a news story refers to the name of the reporter who wrote the story.3. In writing headlines for news stories, an editor often uses present tenses even though stories occurred in the past.4. Yellow journalism refers only to pornographic stories in Journalism.Part III (30 points)一改往年简单抽取书上原文打乱顺序的做法，选了比较陌生的英文报道。

Part IV（60 points）注意看清题目，题目中的大致意思是对新闻的重要内容进行提炼，并重新安排和整理，用英文写一篇报道。

2012上外MTI真题

2012上外MTI真题8号考完，9号就来上传了。

加油。

上外的题目基本是考试当年的新闻，文章。

翻译硕士英语总分100分2012年1月7号下午14:00-17:00I. 十五个无选项完形填空，每个2分。

总分30分。

The future of the EUTwo-speed Europe, or two Europes?Nov 10th 2011, 2:23 by Charlemagne | BRUSSELSNICOLAS Sarkozy is causing a big stir after calling on November 8th for a two-speed Europe: a ―federal‖ core of the 17 members of the euro zone, with a looser ―confederal‖ outer band of the ten 1.non-euro members. He made the comments during a debate with students at the University of Strasbourg. The key passage is below (video here, starting near the 63-minute mark) You cannot make a single 2.currency without economic convergence and economic integration. It's impossible. But on the contrary, one cannot plead for federalism and at the same time for the enlargement of Europe. It's impossible. There's a contradiction. We are 27. We will obviously have to open up to the Balkans. We will be 32, 33 or 34. I imagine that nobody thinks that 3.federalism—total integration—is possible at 33, 34, 35 countries.So what one we do? To begin with, frankly, the single currency is a wonderful idea, but it was strange to create it without asking oneself the question of its governance, and without asking oneself about economic convergence. Honestly, it's nice to have a vision, but there are details that are 4.missing: we made a currency, but we kept fiscal systems and economic systems that not only were not 5.converging, but were diverging.And not only did we make a single currency without convergence, but we tried to undo the rules of the pact. It cannot work.There will not be a single currency without greater economic integration and convergence. That is certain. And that is where we are going. Must one have the same rules for the 27? No. Absolutely not [...] In the end, clearly, there will be two European gears: one gear towards more integration in the euro zone and a gear that is more confederal in the European Union.At first blush this is statement of the blindingly obvious. The euro zone must integrate to save itself; even the British say so. And among the ten non-euro states of the EU there are countries such as Britain andDenmark that have no 6.intention of joining the single currency.The European Union is, in a sense, made up not of two but of 7.multiple speeds. Think only of the 25 members of the Schengen passport-free travel zone (excluding Britain but including some non-EU members), or of the 25 states seeking to create a common patent(including Britain, but excluding Italy and Spain).But Mr Sarkozy‘s comments are more worrying because, one suspec ts, he wants to create an exclusivist, protectionist euro zone that seeks to 8.detach itself from the rest of the European Union. Elsewhere in the debate in Strasbourg, for instance, Mr Sarkozy seems to suggest that Europe‘s 9.troubles—debt and high unemployment—are all the 10.fault of social, environmental and monetary ―dumping‖ by developing countries that pursue ―aggressive‖ trade policies.Fo r another11. insight into Mr Sarkozy‘s thinking about Europe, one should listen to an interview he gave a few daysearlier, at the end of the marathon-summitry in Brussels at the end of October (video here, starting at about 54:30):I don't think there is enough economic integration in the euro zone, the 17, and too much integration in the European Union at 27.In other words, France, or Mr Sarkozy at any rate, does not appear to have got over its 12.resentment of the EU‘s enlargement. At 27 nations-strong, the European Union is too big for France to lord it over the rest and is too liberal in economic terms for France‘s protectionist leanings. Hence Mr Sarkozy‘s yearning for a smaller, cosier, ―federalist‖ euro zone.Such ideas appeared to have been killed off by the large eastward 13.enlargement of the EU in 2004, and by the French voters‘ rejection of the EU's new constitution in 2005. But the euro zone‘s debt 14.crisis is reviving these old dreams.But what sort of federalism? Mr Sarkozy probably wants to create a euro zone in France‘s 15.image, with power (and much discretion) concentrated in the hands of leaders, where the ―Merkozy‖ duo (Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy) will dominate. Germany will no doubt want a replica of its own federal system, with strong rules and powerful independent institutions to constrain politicians. Le Monde carries a series of articles (in French) on what a two-speed Europe may mean.If the euro zone survives the crisis—and the meltdown of Italy‘s bonds in the markets suggests that is becoming ever more difficult—it will plainly require deep reform of the EU‘s treaties. Done properly, bykeeping the euro open to countries that want to join (like Poland) and deepening the single market for those that do not (like Britain), the creation of a more flexible EU of variablegeometry could ease many of the existing tensions. Further enlargement need no longer be so neuralgic; further integration need no longer be imposed on those who do not want it.But done wrongly, as one fears Mr Sarkozy would have it, this will be a recipe for breaking up Europe. Not two-speed Europe but two separate Europes.II. 一篇阅读理解，5个问题，总分30分来自经济学人World populationNow we are seven billionPersuading women to have fewer babies would help in some places. But it is no answer to scarce resourcesOct 22nd 2011 | from the print edition..IN 1980 Julian Simon, an economist, and Paul Ehrlich, a biologist, made a bet. Mr Ehrlich, author of a bestselling book, called ―The Population Bomb‖, picked five metals—copper, chromium, nickel, tin and tungsten—and said their prices would rise in real terms over the following ten years. Mr Simon bet that prices would fall. The wager symbolised the dispute between Malthusians who thought a rising population would create an age of scarcity (and high prices) and those ―Cornucopians‖, such as Mr Simon, who thought markets would ensure plenty.Mr Simon won easily. Prices of all five metals fell in real terms. As the world economy boomed and population growth began to ebb in the 1990s, Malthusian pessimism retreated.It is returning. On October 31st the UN will dub a newborn the world‘s 7 billionth living person. The 6 billionth, Adnan Nevic, born in October 1999, will be only two weeks past his 12thbirthday. If Messrs Simon and Ehrlich had ended their bet today, instead of in 1990, Mr Ehrlich would have won. What with high food prices, environmental degradation and faltering green policies, people are again worrying that the world is overcrowded. Some want restrictions to cut population growth and forestall ecological catastrophe. Are they right?Lower fertility can be good for economic growth and society (seearticle). When the number of children a woman can expect to bear in her lifetime falls from high levels of three or more to a stable rate of two, a demographic change surges through the country for at least a generation. Children are scarcer, the elderly are not yet numerous, and the country has a bulge of working-age adults: the ―demographic dividend‖. If a country grabs this one-off chance for productivity gains and investment, economic growth can jump by as much as a third. Less is moreHowever, the fall in fertility is already advanced in most of the world. Over 80% of humanity lives in countries where the fertility rate is either below three and falling, or already two or less. This is thanks not to government limits but to modernisation and individuals‘ desire for small families. Whenever the state has pushed fertility down, the result has been a blight. China‘s one-child policy is a violation of rights and a demographic disaster, upsetting the balance between the sexes and between generations. China has a bulge of working adults now, but will bear a heavy burden of retired people after 2050. It is a lurid example of the dangers of coercion.Enthusiasts for population control say they do not want coercion. They think milder policies would help to save the environment and feed the world. As the World Bank points out,global food production will have to rise by about 70% between now and 2050 to feed 9 billion. But if the population stays flat, food production would have to rise by only a quarter.When Mr Simon won his bet he was able to say that rising population was not a problem: increased demand attracts investment, producing more. But this process only applies to things with a price; not if they are free, as are some of the most important global goods—a healthy atmosphere, fresh water, non-acidic oceans, furry wild animals. Perhaps, then, slower population growth would reduce the pressure on fragile environments and conserve unpriced resources?That idea is especially attractive when other forms of rationing—a carbon tax, water pricing—are struggling. Yet the populations that are rising fastest contribute very little to climate change. The poorest half of the world produces 7% of carbon emissions. The richest 7% produces half the carbon. So the problem lies in countries like China, America and Europe, which all have stable populations. Moderating fertility in Africa might boost the economy or help stressed local environments. But it would not solve global problems.There remains one last reason for supporting family planning: on some estimates, 200m women round the world—including a quarter of African women—want contraceptives and cannot get them. A quarter of pregnancies are unplanned. In our view, parents ought to decide how many children to bring into the world and when—not the state, or a church, or pushy grandparents. Note, though, that this is not an argument about the global environment but individual well-being. Moreover, family planning appears to do little directly to control the size of families: some studies have shown no impact at all; others only amodest extra one. Encouraging smaller families in the highest-fertility places would still be worth doing. It might boost the economy and reduce the pressure of population in some fragile places. But the benefits would probably be modest. And they would be no substitute for other sensible environmental policies, such as a carbon tax.1.what is Malthusian pessimism ?2.what leads to the low fertility in most of the world?3.What does World Bank think about the family planning in China?4.What is Simon's logic about growing population and its benefit environmentally?5. 英文表述有点忘了，好像是关于人口与环境的关系，III. 一篇英文作文400字以上，关于中国的计划生育政策。

上海外国语大学英语新闻业务历年真题

上海外国语大学英语新闻业务历年真题上海外国语大学新闻学实务考试历年真题（回忆版）一、简答题2011年1. List the news value determiners2. Give a few guidelines when the source asks to be anonymous.3. Can a reporter use an original news release in a news story?4. Is it OK for the reporter to recheck the finished story to the source?2010年1. What are the basic qualities of news?2. What are the major difference between a news story anda feature story?3. What are the advantage and disadvantage of a summary lead?4. Under what circumstances can a news writer write in first person?2009年1. Basic characteristics of news journalistic reporting2. Main differences between investigative reporting and news reporting3. List at least 5 types of head in addition to flush-left4. Figure of speech and function of it“Ride on BMW like a feature in your pocket”2008年1. What are the main differences between hard news and soft news?2. Why is it important to give attribution in English newswriting?3. Why active voice is preferred and passive voice should be avoided wheneverpossible in writing news stories in English?4. How do you judge if an event is newsworthy or not?2007年1. What are the common themes of editorial?2. When do we use fuzzy terms in news stories?2006年1．What are the reasons for the use of journalistic coinages in English headlines?2．What do you think are the characteristics of a lead?2005年1. Should the definite article ―the‖ be always omitted in the English newspaper headlines? Why or why not?2. List at least 5 famous news agencies in the world in addition to ―kyodo‖2003年1. What do you think are the major differences between the Chinese headlines and the English headlines?2. List at least 5 types of headlines in addition to the flush-left head二、修改广播稿2010年1. In one of the worst episodes of election-related violence in the Philippines in the recent memory, a group of more than 40 people —including lawyers, journalists and relatives of a local politician —were kidnapped by armed men on Monday, and military officials said at least 21 of them had been killed.2. The leading of a long-awaited confidential report on oneof the most divisive attacks in modern Indian history raised a furor in India's Parliament on Monday, with lawmakers demanding to know how the report made its way to a newspaper and cable news channel.2006-2009年原题资料丢失2005年1. Brooklin Rivera, leader of the ―Misurasata‖Movement, an anti-government organization of Nicaragua,announced in the Costa Rican capital of San Jose today that he has decided to return home in view of the special measures the Nicaraguan government has taken to ensure normal running of the planned September elections, but he gave no specific date for his return, according to ―Radio Sandino‖2003年见报刊英语研究P834三、单句修改题2010年(题目来自原版书)1. "I just don't know the answer to that one," Smith frowned.2. There was a fire in the apartment building the morning and 3 people were killed in the fire and more were injured.3. For the purpose of creating more employment, the government has taken drastic measures.4. He said he was moving on ―because I don't get the satisfaction I want from television‖.四、标题小词替换(题目来源范文评析P9-18)2009年、2003年真题见范文评析P518 报刊英语研究P8342005年1. Diet is best way to eliminate your body’s waste2. Music during surgery may alleviate patients’ pain3. The US rich longing for space tourism, poll says4. Economy develops slowly as unemployment, inflation rise–economist5. African fans proud of ―The Boys‖ despite World Cup failure五、判断题2008年( )1. In the United States, VOA is commercial broadcast company.( )2. The byline of a news story refers to the name of the reporter who wrote the story.( )3. In writing headlines for news stories, an editor often uses present tenses even though stories occurred in the past.( )4. Y ellow journalism refers only to pornographic stories in Journalism.2007年题目丢失2006年( )1．Guardian is the second leading newspaper in the UK( )2．ABC’s full name is American Broadcasting Company( )3．BBC is the first broadcast colorful TV program in history ( )4．The first person ―we‖ can never be used in editorials2005年( )1. The Times is one of the leading papers in the UK( )2. The present tense in the headline refers to the usual, habitual action of an news event.( )3. Among the common types of leads are summary lead, suspense lead, question lead, pyramid lead and delayed lead.( )4. The Manchester Guardian, or the predecessor of the Guardian came into being in 1959.( )5. The third largest US newspaper magazine The US News & Report was founded during WWII.2003年( ) 1.A feature story is different from a pure news story in thatthe former must be longer than the latter.( )2. An editorial carried in an English newspaper usually reflects the voice of a political party or the government.( )3.The definite article ―the‖, including the one in asset phrase, is invariably omitted in the headline making. ( )4.Among the world’s leading news agencies are Reuters of Britain, UPI of America, EFE of Italy, Kyodo of Japan and Xinhua of China.( )5.The world famous CNN stands for Cable National News六、排序题2008年不是范文评析的原文，而是一篇关于事故灾难的文章2007年Looking to the future of a new brand day 见范文评析P2562006年VE will be announced today见范文评析P2252005年Nanning, city of flowers in full bloom year round见范文评析P792003年Xie Jun ends hold on Soviet chess title 见范文评析P344七、篇章修改题2011年题目要求写成一篇为Summary lead 的新闻报道。

上海外国语大学英语新闻业务历年真题

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