中考英语句型转换易错题讲解

中考英语句型转换易错题讲解
一、句型转换考点归纳:
1. 肯定句变否定句
2. 陈述句变反义疑问句
3. 主动句变被动句
4. 同义句转换
5. 对划线部分提问
6. 肯定句改为感叹句
7. 两句合并为一句；复杂句变简单句
8. 改为宾语从句
二、句型转换专题详解
【同义转换】
同义转换可包含：保持句意不变、主动变被动、复合句改简单句、两句合并为一句题型一）运用同义词（组）进行转换
训练1：填空，使等号左右表达意义一致（一空一词）
say sorry to= ________ ________道歉;
be made up of= ________ ________ 由…组成
besides A= ________ ________ ________ ________ 除A以外（还有）
prefer(red）A to B= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 喜欢A胜过B do harm to…= ________ ________ ________ …对…有害
improve a lot … = ________ ________ ________ …在…有很大进步
escape= ________ ________逃跑;
immediately= ________ ________ 立即
high=________ ________ wide= ________ ________ long= ________ ________
be held= ________ ________举办
when he was over sixty= ________ ________ ________
I think…= ________ ________ ________ 我认为
consider = ________ ________ 考虑
run out of= ________ ________ 用完
sb. pays/paid $ for sth.= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
=________ ________ ________ ________
decide to do= ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
review= go over
训练2：熟记，完成快问快答测试
(1)四个“花费”（spend—take—cost—take）
(2)四个“收到…来信”（hear from—get a letter from—receive a letter from—have a letter from）
(3)四个“给…打电话”（call sb—telephone sb—ring sb. a call—make a telephone to sb.）
(4)三个“到达”（get to—reach—arrive in/at）
(5)三个“入睡”（go to sleep—get to sleep—fall asleep）
(6)两个“擅长于…”（be good at —do well in）
(7)两个“有空”（be free—have time）
(8)两个“玩得开心”（enjoy oneself—have a good time）
(9)“飞往…”（fly to…—go to…by air/plane）
(10)“自学”（teach oneself—learn…by oneself）
(11)在…方面帮助help…with…—help…(to)do…
(12)在…差be weak in…—do badly in…
(13)能/会…can—be able to
(14)更喜欢…like…better than…—prefer…to…
(15)充满了…be full of…—be filled with…
(16)放弃干…give up doing…—stop doing…
(17)不再… no longer—not …any longer
(18)照顾/保管 take care of…—look after
(19)展览 on show—on display
(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing—keep/prevent…from doing…
(21)由于 thanks to—because of…
(22)举手hands up—put up one’s hands
(23)最后，终于at last—in the end
(24)与…不同 be different from…—be not the same as…
(25)从…借入…borrow…from…—lend…to…
(26)乘公汽/火车/的士 go to…by bus/train/taxi—take a bus /train/taxi to…
(27)乘自行车去… go to…by bike—ride a bike to…
(28)为…感到自豪 be proud of…—be the pride of…
(29)步行去… walk to…—go to…on foot
(30)独自地by oneself —alone
二) 运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换
三、运用不同语态进行转换
即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。

如：
1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
Library books should________ ________ ________ on time.
分析：答案为be given back。

被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。

四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。

如：
1. The manager left two hours ago.
The manager ________ _________ _________ for two hours.
分析：答案为has been away。

leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。

2. The film began five minutes ago.
The film has been ________ _________ five minutes.
分析：答案为on for。

has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。

3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
Mr Li ________ ________ ________ the Party for twenty years.
答案：has been in。

短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in…。

常见的非延续性与延续性动词之间的转换：
leave → be away离开 borrow → keep借 buy → have买 begin/start → be on开始/上演die → be dead 死亡 finish／end／stop→ be over结束/完成 join → be in+组织机构或be a
member of+组织机构
open/close sth → keep sth open/closed fall ill → be ill get up → be up catch／get a cold →have a cold
come here → be here； go there → be there become → be 成为 come back → be back
fall asleep → be asleep get to/ arrive/reach → be (in) leave → be away from get to know →know
go (get) out → be out put on → wear catch a cold →have a cold;
go to school → be in school／be a student上学 go abroad → be abroad去国外
marry → be married（to）结婚 wake up → be awake make friends with → be friends with 成为/交朋友
五、运用不同引语进行转换
六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。

如：
1. Now I will show you how to do the work.
Now I will show you ________ ________ ________ do the work.
分析：答案为how you can。

即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

2. You should put them back after you use them.
You should put them back _____ _____ them.
分析：答案为after using。

即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。

如：
Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
________ we ________ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
分析：答案为If，don’t。

if引导条件状语从句。

八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。

此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常
应与靠近的主语保持一致。

如：
1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
______ Tom ________ Jim can speak Japanese well.
分析：Neither，nor。

neither…nor…表示“……和……（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
分析：答案为Both，and。

both…and…的意思是“……和……（两者）都”。

3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
分析：答案为not only，but also。

表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。

如：
1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
分析：答案为so do。

句意为“……他的父母也一样（一样想去）”。

2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.
训练1：根据提示完成同义句转换
I. 表结果：so…that +句子= too …(adj) + to do = not …(adj反义词) enough to do
E.g. He is so weak that he can’t play football.
=He is______ weak _______ play football. =He is not _____ ______ to play football.
II.表目的：so as to do =（in order）to do= so that+ 句子= in order that+句子
E.g. He studies hard to so as to be admitted to his dream university.
=In order to be admitted to his dream university, he studies hard.
= He studies hard so that he can be admitted to his dream university.
=In order that he can can be admitted to his dream university, he studies hard
III. 表原因：because, because of
E.g. They didn’t go to the museum last Monday because it rained hard. (保持句意基本意思)
They didn’t go to the museum last Monday _______ _______the heavy rain.
IV. 条件状从：if…not= unless 如果不
E.g. If you don’t study hard, you will not pass the exam. =You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.
E.g. Work harder, or you'll not succeed in your new job. (保持句意不变)
_Unless______ __you____work harder, you'll not succeed in your new job
训练2：熟记，完成快问快答测试
①It seems that 从句→Somebody seems（to be）+adj/n
②It’s kind of sb. to do…→Somebody is kind to do…
③What does…mean?→What do you mean by…?或What’s the meaning of…?
④There is something wrong with…→Something is wrong with…
⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换
⑥What’s wrong with…?→What’s the matter wit h…?
⑦How is…?→What’s…like…?
⑧How do you like…?→What do you think of?
⑧It’s time that…→It’s time for sb. to do…
⑨It’s said that…→People say that…
⑩Can I help you? →What can I do for you?
【其他句型转换】
1. 肯定句<--->否定句：常考的考点：have 、do句型
提取助动词+ 动词原形：do/did/does + V原形
特例1：现在完成时have/has been --> have/has not been
1. He has been there.(改否定句)
He _____ _____ there.
2. Jake has already downloaded many free games from the App store. (改为否定句)
Jake ________ downloaded many free games from the App store ________.
特例2：一般将来时will do ---> won’t do
1. (13黄浦)The charity organization will receive some money from the local government next year. (改为否定句)
The charity organization _____ receive _____ money from the local government next year.
特例3: had better do ---> had better not do (would rather (not) do)
2. 反义疑问句：常考的考点：带有否定副词的句子。

前肯后否，前否后肯。

信号词never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few/little 功能上= not
注意用代词 Mr.Smith and his wife 用代词-->they E.g. Her parents seldom went to work, _____ _____?
注意句子的整体理解
They tried everything they could to improve the situation. (改为反意疑问句) （13闸北）
They tried everything they could to improve the situation,_________ _________?
3. 对划线部分提问
常考的考点：how long/soon/ far/often, how much/ many的区别；Why/ What/ How 的区别
★How long 多长时间信号词：for +时间段；since+时间点(for 10 years, since 2012)
★How soon 多久信号词：in + 时间段(in 10 days)
★How often & How many times 表频率信号词：once, twice, >=3 times, 特注：当信号词是every 2 weeks等时，疑问词只能How often
★How far 多远距离信号词：meters, two hours’walk/ride
★How old 历史多久信号词：has a history of more than 1000 years
★Why 原因信号词：to do…，for+ doing/名词★How 方式信号词：by doing…
4. 肯定句改为感叹句
常考的考点：近年来考的较少，要求掌握How/What 的修饰用法。

三、课堂练习
练习一：
1. John worked very hard. He managed to find a solution to the math problem. (两句合并成一句)
John worked ________ hard ________ he managed to find a solution to the math problem.
2. Jane practiced very hard. She got the first prize in the reading contest. (两句合并成一句)
Jane practiced hard __________ to _________ the first prize in the reading contest.
3. They were too tired to walk on.(保持句意基本不变)
They were _______ tired _______they couldn’t walk on.
4. Though it lies in a hot area, its top is covered with ice and snow year-round. (保持句意基本不变)
Though it _______ _______ in a hot area, its top is covered with ice and snow year-round.
5. in, his ,Bill, be, new ,school, the best student, used to, （连词成句）
6. the boys, practicing, how long, singing and dancing, do, spend, their,? （连词成句）
练习二：
1. The Movie Park is an amusement park. It’s also a film studio.(两句合并成一句)
The Movie Park is_________ an amusement park_________ a film studio.
2. You don’t like horror movies. Jane doesn’t like horror movies, either. (两句合并成一句) __________you nor Jane_________ horror movies.
3. The poor child was so lucky that she got many books from Project Hope.(保持句意基本不变)
The poor child was ___________ ____________to get many books from Project Hope.
4. A computer is made up of a screen, a keyboard, a main unit and a screen. (保持句意基本不变)
A computer _______ ________ a screen, a keyboard, a main unit and a screen.
5. look after, difficult, it, to, very, her, was,?
6. asked, his studies, some questions, Bill’s, him, father, about,
练习三：
1. Nuclear radiation is very dangerous. It may hurt or kill thousands of people nearby.(两句合并成一句)
Nuclear radiation is dangerous________ ________hurt or kill thousands of people nearby.
2. Nuclear radiation is very dangerous. It may hurt or kill thousands of people nearby.(两句合
并成一句)
Nuclear radiation is ______dangerous ______ it may hurt or kill thousands of people nearby.
3. We will have no water to drink unless we learn to save water.（保持句意基本不变）
We will have no water to drink _________ we _________ learn to save water.
4. Take the underground, or you will be late for the lecture. （保持句意基本不变）
You __________ be late for the lecture __________ you take the underground.
5. and, quickly, sell, the boat, hated, wanted, to, it, she,
6. support , have to, did, work ,to, the family, she,?
练习四：
1. You can take the underground to the new square. You can drive your car there, too. (两句合并成一句)
You can_________ take the underground ____________drive a car to the new square.
2. I have never been to Hainan Island. My mother has never been to Island. (两句合并成一句)
I have never been to Hainan Island. ________ _________ my mother.
3. I won’t go to Kitty’s birthday party if she doesn’t invite me.（保持句意基本不变）
I won’t go to Kitty’s birthday party _________ she _________ me.
4. It is common knowledge too much salt is bad for our health. (保持句意基本不变)
It is common knowledge too much salt is _______ ________ our health.
5. cloudy, suddenly, very, it, became,
6.the bill, what, do, does, pay for, to, Myers,?
练习五：
1. Alice has lunch at school. Ben has lunch at school, too. (两句合并成一句)
Alice has lunch at school . ___________ ___________ Ben.
2. Linda has been to London. Mark has been to London, too. (两句合并成一句)
______ Linda and Mark ______ been to London.
3. If John doesn’t apologize for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior. (保持句意基本不变)
_______ John ________ for what he did, I will tell the teacher about his bad behavior.
4. We shall set out immediately once the matter is settled. (保持句意基本不变)
We shall set out _______ _______ once the matter is settled.
5. they, around 12 a.m., go to sleep, decided, to, at,
6. will, the job, how much, get, for six months, for, the man,?
练习六：
1. She asked the man… Are you waiting for anybody here?（两句合并成一句）
She asked the man _____ he _____ waiting for somebody here.
2. Could you tell me? How can I deal with all these problems? (两句合并成一句)
Could you tell me how ______ _______ deal with all these problems?
3. My sister isn’t old enough to take care of herself. (保持句意基本不变)
My sister is ________ ________ to take care of herself.
4. She's staying with her aunt for the time being. (保持句意基本不变)
She’s staying with aunt ________ _________.
5. a, fishing boat, bought, Mike, a low price, good, in,
6. doesn’t, readers, the library, a lot of, does it, have,?
答案：
练习一：
1. so, that
2. enough, win
3. so that
4. is located
5. Bill used to be the best student in his new school.
6. How long do the boys spend practicing their singing and dancing? 练习二：
1.both and
2. Neither likes
3. lucky enough
4. consists of
5. Bill’s father asked him some questions about his studies.
6. Was it very difficult to look after her?
练习三：
1. enough to
2. so that
3. if don’t
4. will unless/won’t if
5. Now she hated the boat and wanted to sell it quickly.
6. Did she have to work to support the family?
练习四：
1. either or
2. Neither has
3. unless invites
4. harmful to
5. It suddenly became very cloudy
6. What does Myers do to pay for the bill?
练习五：
1. So does
2. Both and
3. Unless apologizes
4. at once/ right now
5. At around 12 a.m. they decided to go to sleep.
6. How much will the man get for the job for six months? 练习六：
1. If/whether was
2. I can
3. too young
4. at present
5. Sam bought a good fishing boat in a low price.
6. The library doesn’t have a lot of readers, does it?。