探究血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉斑块的关系

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探究血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和同型半胱氨酸与颈动脉斑块的关系

发表时间:2018-08-21T10:15:16.813Z 来源:《中国误诊学杂志》2018年6月17期作者:铁崴

[导读] 探讨并分析血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDL-C)对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。

铁崴

黑龙江省佳木斯市妇幼保健院 154002

摘要:目的探讨并分析血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDL-C)对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法此次研究的对象是选择2015年6月~2017年12月在我院住院的患者302例,将其临床资料进行回顾性分析,并按是否有颈动脉斑块分为正常组140例,斑块组162例。所有患者均行颈动脉超声检测,详细询问有无吸烟、饮酒、脑卒中、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病等病史,检测患者血糖(GLU)、尿酸(UA)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、sdLDL-C、Hcy水平。将斑块组中有一处斑块形成的患者纳入单发斑块组,有两处斑块形成的患者纳入双发斑块组,有大于两处斑块形成的患者纳入多发斑块组,进行三组间sdLDL-C、Hcy水平比较。结果斑块组吸烟人数、收缩压、UA、GLU、Hcy、LDL-C、sdLDL-C 水平较正常组高,差异有统计意义(P < 0.05);颈动脉斑块形成的独立危险因素为吸烟、收缩压、UA、GLU、Hcy、LDL-C、sdLDL-C (P < 0.05);组间Hcy、sdLDL-C水平由高到低排序依次为多发斑块组、双发斑块组、单发斑块组,差异有高度统计学意义(P <

0.01)。结论 Hcy、sdLDL-C为颈动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,两者与粥样硬化斑块的数量具有一致性。联合检测两者对心脑血管疾病的预防和干预有重要意义。

关键词:小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇;同型半胱氨酸;颈动脉粥样硬化;危险因素

Objective to investigate and analyze the effects of serum homocysteine(Hcy)and small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol(sdLDL-C)on carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods the objective of this study was to select 302 patients hospitalized in our hospital from June 2015 to December 2017. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively,and 140 cases in the normal group and 162 cases in the plaque group were divided into the carotid artery plaque. All patients were examined by carotid artery ultrasound,and the history of smoking,drinking,stroke,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,and coronary heart disease were examined in detail,and the blood glucose(GLU),uric acid(UA),three acylglycerol(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL)were examined. HDL-C),sdLDL-C,Hcy level. The patients with one plaque formation in the plaque group were included in the single plaque group. The patients with two plaque formation were included in the double hair plaque group. The patients with more than two plaque formation were included in the multiple plaque group,and the levels of sdLDL-C and Hcy were compared between the three groups. Results the level of smoking,systolic pressure,UA,GLU,Hcy,LDL-C and sdLDL-C in the plaque group was higher than that in the normal group,and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The independent risk factors for the formation of carotid artery plaque were smoking,systolic pressure,UA,GLU,Hcy,LDL-C,sdLDL-C(P < 0.05). The times were multiple plaque group,double plaque group and single plaque group. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01). Conclusion Hcy and sdLDL-C are independent risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis,and they are consistent with the number of atherosclerotic plaques. Combined detection is of great significance for prevention and intervention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Small and dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol;homocysteine;carotid atherosclerosis;risk factors

随着我国人民生活水平的提高,心脑血管疾病日益增多。动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)是一种慢性、全身血管性疾病,其中,颈动脉粥样硬化(carotid atherosclerosis,CAS)为反映全身动脉粥样硬化的窗口已经得到证实。引起AS传统的危险因素包括高血压、高血脂、高血糖、年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒等。近年来也有研究证实,血中同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(small and dense low-density lipoprotein,sdLDL-C)可能与AS有关[1-2]。本文主要探讨Hcy、sdLDL-C与CAS的相关性,以期为临床预防及干预提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

选择2015年6月~2016年12月我院住院的患者302例,平均年龄(68.5±12.8)岁。按是否有颈动脉斑块分为正常组140例,其中男65例,女75例,平均年龄(64.8±10.5)岁;斑块组162例,其中男74例,女88例,平均年龄(65.2±10.1)岁。所有患者均行颈动脉超声检测;详细询问有无吸烟、饮酒、脑卒中、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病等病史;检测患者血糖(glucose,GLU)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、Hcy、sdLDL-C水平。入选标准:有明确高血压病史,3次不同时间平均收缩压≥140 mmHg 和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa);糖尿病诊断符合WHO诊断标准;近2个月未服用降脂药物。排除标准:甲状腺疾病、急慢性肝肾功能不全、免疫系统疾病、肿瘤、急性感染性疾病。本研究经我院伦理委员会通过,所有患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。

1.2 标本采集和检测

采集患者清晨空腹静脉血5 mL,3000 r/min离心30 min分离血清,离心半径为13.5 cm。全自动生化分析仪立即检测GLU、UA、Hcy、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、sdLDL-C,试剂盒和校准品由日本积水株式会社提供;全自动生化分析仪为日立7600-020。

1.3 颈动脉超声检查

应用飞利浦iU22双功能彩色多普勒超声仪,L9-3超宽频带线阵探头,频率3~9 MHz,轴分辨率为0.01 mm,以颈总动脉作为测量部位。患者取平卧位,头部偏向检查对侧,充分暴露颈部,从锁骨内侧端横向检查颈总动脉,发现局限性回声结构突出管腔(回声结构可不均匀或伴声影),厚度> 1.5 mm为斑块形成。检测部位一般为颈总动脉的远端、颈内动脉起始部和颈动脉分叉处。仔细观察有无斑块,

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