中科大EPC综合英语考试资料(完整版)
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：42
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.填空题Contraction of front and side parts of the brain—as cells die off—was observed in some subjects in their thirty, but it was still not evident in some sixty—and seventy-year-olds.AB CD【答案】C thirty改为thirties【解析】【考查点】固定表达。
【解题思路】in one’s thirties意思为“在某人三十多岁时”，这里指的年龄是概数。
【句意】有的人大脑前部和侧部的收缩——随着细胞的死亡——在三十多岁时就能被观察到了，但是也有些人直到六七十岁依然不明显。
2.填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others’ success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious.A B CD【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。
【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。
【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。
但成功很少如此神秘。
3.单选题Some reporters and commentators indulged in discreet criticism of shortcomings in Soviet life.问题1选项A.harshB.intensiveC.cautiousD.rational【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. harsh 残酷的，严酷的B. intensive 密集的C. cautious 小心的，谨慎的D. rational 合理的，理性的，明智的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Creatively exciting and commercially attractive…You’ve got a movie here that will _______ kids and adults alike.问题1选项A.appeal toB.resort toC.switch toD.refer to【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. appeal to 对……有吸引力B. resort to 依靠，求助于C. switch to 切换到，转变成D. refer to 指的是【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。
【解题思路】横线处和kids and adults构成动宾搭配关系，结合前面的关键词Creatively exciting and commercially attractive，可知这部电影非常精彩，孩子和成年人都会喜欢，appeal to符合语境，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语境。
【句意】在创意上令人兴奋，在商业上具有吸引力……这是一部既能吸引孩子也能吸引成年人的电影。
2.填空题What is good is thought to be ________ and what is evil is thought to be harmful, but defining good and evil remains a central question of ethics. (benefit) 【答案】beneficial【解析】【考查点】形容词。
【解题思路】根据横线前面的be，以及表示并列结构的and，可知横线所在内容为形容词，beneficial“有益的”符合语境，指的是善被认为是有益的。
【句意】善被认为是有益的，恶被认为是有害的，但定义善恶仍然是伦理学的中心问题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：7
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Clinton denied the more serious allegations that he had lied under oath about the relationship and had entreated Lewinsky to do the same.问题1选项A.pleadedB.flatteredC.deceivedD.scared【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. pleaded 乞求，恳求B. flattered 奉承，讨好C. deceived 欺骗，蒙骗D. scared 惊吓，使害怕【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】entreated的意思为“恳求，乞求”，指的是克林顿恳求莱温斯基同他一起在两人的关系上撒谎，pleaded与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】克林顿否认了更严重的指控，即他在宣誓后就两人的关系撒了谎，并恳求莱温斯基也这样做。
2.单选题Long-term water availability is largely determined by the average conditions in a river basin, but it is often extreme events that cause acute water insecurity.问题1选项A.occasionalB.constantC.urgentD.serious【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. occasional 偶尔的，偶然的B. constant 连续发生的，不断的C. urgent 紧急的，紧迫的D. serious 严重的，有危险的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】acute的意思为“十分严重的”，这里指极端事件让水变得非常不安全，有严重的安全问题，serious与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：60
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The Romans were hardworking and frugal, self-reliant, serious about their responsibilities and steadfast in the face of adversity.问题1选项A.economicalB.cautiousC.courageousD.righteous【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. economical 节俭的，节约的B. cautious 小心的，谨慎的C. courageous 勇敢的，无畏的D. righteous 公正的，正直的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】frugal的意思为“（对金钱、食物等）节约的，节俭的”，用来形容the Romans，指的是罗马人很勤俭节约，economical与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】罗马人勤劳节俭，自力更生，认真履行他们的责任，面对逆境也坚定不移。
2.单选题He has admitted to making a blunder by loading up on this stock during the 2008 oil boom, and just before the stock-market crash.问题1选项A.errorB.riskC.fortuneD.deal【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. error 错误，差错B. risk 危险，风险C. fortune 机会，运气D. deal 协议，（尤指）交易【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】blunder的意思为“愚蠢（或粗心）的错误”，指的是在不恰当的时间囤积了股票，这是一个错误，error与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：4
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The November 17-day coal strike, which was terminated December 7, brought about a general business and production paralysis at the close of the year.问题1选项A.worsenedB.discontinuedC.denouncedD.hindered【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worsened 变得更糟，恶化B. discontinued 停止，终止C. denounced 谴责，指责D. hindered 阻碍，妨碍【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】terminated的意思为“（使）停止，结束”，指的是罢工进行了17天后才结束，discontinued 与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】去年12月7日结束的17天煤矿罢工，在年底造成了企业和生产的全面瘫痪。
2.单选题Although blemished by the debt and deficit problems, the economy in Belgium was generally healthy. Both industrial production and overall gross domestic product were expected to rise by 1.6 percent for 1992.问题1选项A.accumulatedB.crushedC.stimulatedD.spoiled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. accumulated 积累，积聚B. crushed 压坏，压伤C. stimulated 激发（某事物）D. spoiled 破坏，搞坏【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：62
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As more and more African Americans moved away from segregated housing, they had less connection to the vernacular and more occasion to speak standard American English.问题1选项A.restrictedB.isolatedC.outdatedD.exhausted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. restricted 限制，限定（数量、范围等）B. isolated （使）隔离，孤立C. outdated （新东西）使过时D. exhausted 使筋疲力尽【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。
【解题思路】segregated的意思为“隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）”，这里指的是这些房屋和其他地方是隔离开的，非裔美国人就住在这片区域，isolated与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】随着越来越多的非裔美国人搬离被隔开的住房，他们与当地方言的联系越来越少，在更多场合中说标准的美式英语。
2.填空题A community which collective interests the terrorist organization claims to serve may be terrorized so that their cooperation, loyalty, and support are ensured. Groups that come to power by this means usually continue to rule by terror.ABC D【答案】A which改为whose【解析】【考查点】定语从句。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：4
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Had spring ever been gentle, so endearing before? Had every little scene, every shop window, every face he passed ever been so wonderfully interesting?问题1选项A.attractiveB.favorableC.inspiringD.peaceful【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. attractive 吸引人的，令人愉快的B. favorable 给人好印象的（有好感）C. inspiring 鼓舞人心的，激励的，启发灵感的D. peaceful 安静的，平静的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】endearing的意思为“惹人喜爱的，讨人喜欢的”，这里问春天是否曾经惹人喜爱，让人不自觉地被他吸引，attractive与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。
【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】春天曾经如此惹人喜爱吗？他走过的每一处、每一个商店橱窗、每一张面孔，都曾经是那么奇妙而有趣吗？2.单选题At Buffalo Creek, West Virginia, a makeshift dam at a coal mine site collapsed with a loss of more than 100 lives.问题1选项A.fragileB.massiveC.crudeD.temporary【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fragile 易碎的，易损的B. massive 巨大的，大而重的C. crude 粗略的，简略的D. temporary 暂时的，临时的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的，权宜的”，用来形容dam，指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝，temporary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：1
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The physical devastation caused by the Civil War, the freeing of the slaves, and the chaos of the Reconstruction era had ruinous effects on Mississippi’s economy.问题1选项A.impactB.disorderC.offenceD.folly【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. impact 巨大影响，强大作用B. disorder 杂乱，混乱C. offence 犯罪，罪行D. folly 愚笨，愚蠢的想法（或事情、行为）【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】chaos的意思为“混乱，杂乱”，指的是重建时期的混乱，disorder与之词义相近，因此B 选项正确。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。
【句意】南北战争造成的物质破坏，奴隶解放和重建时期的混乱给密西西比的经济带来了毁灭性的影响。
2.单选题Is it surprising that a wave of sadness swept over me as I looked for the last time at the Flaming Cliffs, gorgeous in the morning sunshine of that brilliant August day?问题1选项A.splendidB.riskyC.restlessD.gloomy【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. splendid 壮丽的，雄伟的B. risky 有危险（或风险）的C. restless 坐立不安的，不耐烦的D. gloomy 黑暗的，阴暗的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷6
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.My topic is not standards nor its decline. What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies. But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generations of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.1. The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________.2. In the author’s opinion, the speaker ________.3. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.4. The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is ________.问题1选项A.the language of the younger generation is usually inferior to that of the older generationB.the students had a poor command of English because they didn’t work hard enoughC.the was an excellent language teacher because he had been teaching English for sixteen yearsD.English teachers should be held responsible for the students’ poor command of English问题2选项A.gave a correct judgment of the English level of the studentsB.had exaggerated the language problems of the studentsC.was right in saying that English teachers were not doing their jobsD.could think and speak intelligently问题3选项A.it is justifiable to include English as a school subjectB.the author disagrees with the speaker over the standard of English at Grade 9 levelC.English language teaching is by no means an easy jobnguage improvement needs time and effort问题4选项A.neutralB.positiveC.criticalpromising【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that ________. 作者在文中提到的演讲者认为________。
综合英语（六）复习题一
综合英语（六）复习题一综合英语（六）复习题一I. Match the definitions in Column B with the words or phrases in Column A (8 points in total, 1 point for each)A B1. take charge of2. homemade3. emulate4. sizable5. work up6. Live off7. emphasis8. Catch/get/take hold ofII. Filling in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. (12 points in total, 1 point for each)afflictcast circulation collectionconfer demonstrate isolationmaximum motivation wedge catch sb. In the middle of check out1. They turned on the cameras and _____ me right _____.2. These studies _____ the capacity of the dolphin to developa particular kind of language ability under the influence of humans.3. Undoubtedly some will be unable to cope with this emphasis on self-management because they lack either the intelligence or perhaps, more importantly, the ______ to do so.4. The patient lies on his back, his head, shoulders and trunksupported on a _____ cushion.5. Karsten Schubert shows us an interesting _____ of rare catalogues.6. 6 percent of the respondents said they rarely spend time with friends, colleagues, or others in social groups. Social _____ has been thought of as a cause of social distress.7. The Independent , which celebrates its third birthday today, achieved a record _____ in September of 419000 copies a day.8. Here, the library is a readers ’ paradise; everything ’s for free and you can _____ as many things as you like.9. The oak tree ____ a long shadow across the lawn in the afternoon.10 Advertisements encourage the purchase of strong and well-known brands that _____ status.11. Private businesses would be limited in the size of workforce, from a _____ of 200 employees in an industrial or company down to a _____ of 15 employees in the retail sector.a. Fairly largeb. Take sth. in the handc. Depend on sb or sth for money or foodd. Try to do as well as or better thane. Made at homef. Rouse to a high point of excitement, etc., excite, stir upg. Take control ofh. Special force given to certain words, ideas or details in speaking, writing, to show that they are important.12.The greatest problem _____ the chemical industry at the moment is simple: the recession.III. Cloze: (10 points in total, 1 point for each)Directions: Read the passage carefully until you have got itsmain idea, and then select one appropriate word for each gap from the box.appropriate Success invented considered lessexhibiting repetition promoting later Advantageinstant ensured too literacy significantlyDeveloping a love reading and writing is a role that parents can play in their children’s lives. _____ (1) in school and later careers depends on a large scale on having good reading and writing skills. These days we constantly hear about the importance of _____ (2) . What does literacy mean? It’s the ability to read and wrote.Help your child learn to love reading. The key is to start early. Read out loud to your child regularly. Research shows that reading together just 30 minutes a day _____ (3) improves your child’s reading ability.Aside from that, another important activity for _____ (4) literacy is using the library. Get a library card for each child, let them go often to select new books on their own. Check with the librarian to find what is ____(5)Take the time to look at your daily activities and help your child see the connection to reading and writing. Cooking, reading food labels, playing word games, and writing stories can be helpful, _____(6)For children who don’t read much, it might take time to get used to reading aloud, and _____ (7), silent reading. Give it the time it deserves. You may get tired of reading the same stories again and again but it is that _____ (8) that is so important for your child.Children see adults around them writing and reading messages, notes, articles or books. This often makes them wantto say their ideas out loud so you can write them down. At preschool age or older, children begin to write, using their own _____ (9) spelling or best guess. They understand that writing helps them share important information and experiences. It is _____ (10) important for children to spell the words right than it is to enjoy the experience. Correct spelling can happen a litter later.IV. Reading Comprehension (30 points in total, 2 point for each)Directions: There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage One March MadnessFor the rest of March, an epidemic (传染病) will sweep across the US. It will keep kids home from school. College students will ignore piles of homework. Employees will suddenly lose their ability to concentrate.The disease, known as "March Madness", refers to the yearly 65-team US men's college basketball tournament. It begins on March 15 and lasts through the beginning of April. Teams compete against each other in a single-elimination tournament that eventually crowns a national champion.Nearly 20 million Americans will find themselves prisoners of basketball festival madness.The fun comes partly from guessing the winners for every game. Friends compete against friends, husbands against wives, and colleagues against bosses.Big-name schools are usually favored to advance into the tournament. But each year there are dark horses from little-known universities.This adds to the madness. Watching a team from a school with 3,000 students beat a team from a school with 30,000, for many Americans, is an exciting experience. Last year, they little-known George Mason University was one of the final four teams. Many people had never been heard of the university before the tournament.College basketball players are not paid, so the game is more about making a name for their university and themselves. But that doesn't mean money isn't involved.About $4 billion will be spent gambling on the event. According to Media Life magazine, the event will draw over $500 million in advertising revenue this year topping the post-season revenue, including that of the NBA(全国篮球协会).1. What will happen in the remaining part of the month?A. Many Americans will be sent to madhouses.B. Great excitement will spread across the US.C. About 20 million Americans will be put in prison.D. A deadly epidemic will break out in the US.2. Which statement about the epidemic is NOT true?A. It occurs every fourth year.B. It starts on March 15.C. It is known as "March Madness".D. It lasts through the beginning of April.3. Which of the following is NOT an instance of "March Madness"?A. Kids run away from school.B. Husbands kiss their wives.C. College students keep homework piling up.D. Employees can't concentrate on their work.4. It is great funA. looking at wives kissing their husbandsB. listening to students talking to their teachersC. watching farmers kicking their donkeysD. betting on the winners of each game5. The little-known George Mason University was a dark horse becauseA. it had a student body of 30,000B. its players were al black peopleC. it had never been expected to be victoriousD. its players ran as fast as black horsePassage Two Declining Interest in Developing Foreign Language SkillsAustralia's foreign language skills are declining, Voice of America has reported. New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language. But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign language skills.Professor Elise Tipton, from the University of Sydney, says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career. She believes that Australia's economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.Australia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners. But as the world's economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia, its language gap could soon be exposed. According to the new figures, less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language. Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at SydneyUniversity, says language skills can enhance trading opportunities. If Australians want to trade with Asian countries, it is very important for them to learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.But students have different opinions about Asian language learning. Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian student, says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages, and the language curriculum is often weak. "While we're encouraged in high school to learn another language, it's not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it," said McCowage. "For example, I learned Japanese in high school, when I went on an exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese. So in that sense, it almost discourages you.At present, about 70 percent of Australia's major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia. Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the world's economic powerhouses, Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep.6. What percentage of high school graduates were proficient in foreign language forty years ago?A. 70 percentB. 13 percentC. 6.5 percentD. 40 percent7. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A. Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country.B. Australia has rich deposits of minerals.C. Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries.D. Australian students are not required to learn a foreign language.8. What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do?A. Improve your relation with your partner.B. Help settle international conflicts.C. Increase trading opportunities.D. Remove barriers in negotiations.9. Why has the Australian government been keenly interested in strengthening ties with Asia?A. Because Asia is where Australia's major exports go.B. Because Asia is where Australia is located.C. Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.D. Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs.10. The word "faculty" in paragraph 3 can be replaced byA. college.B. buildingC. department.D. university.Passage Three Youth Emancipation in SpainThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 per cent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes, the institutestarted a "Youth Emancipation(解放) programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding"."In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.In Spain - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.Parents' tolerance(宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules."A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist," said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dioni-sio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good."His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.11. The "Youth Emancipation" programme aims at helping young peopleA. live in an independent wayB. fight for freedomC. fight against social injusticeD. get rid of family responsibilities12. It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than inA. GreeceB. FinlandC. SpainD. Italy13. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPTA. parent's toleranceB. housing problemsC. unwillingness to get marriedD. cultural traditions14. Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dinoisio Masso?A. She has a boyfriend.B. She is 60 years old.C. She has three children.D. She lives in Madrid.15. The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced byA. tired ofB. afraid ofC. worried aboutD. cautious aboutV. Translation (20 points in total)Directions: Translate into Chinese the underlined passage in the essay.It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge. Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversation he was in, and i had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with little idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through only book-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I had.VI. Writing (20 points in total)Directions: For this part, you are allowed to write a composition on the topic Reading Makes a Full Man. You should write at least 150 words.。
中国石油大学科技英语综合教程编写-教参(含课后答案)修改
1
Persian Gulf 是一个由 which 引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 Kuwait；介词短语 with an area only three-fourths that of Massachusetts and a population of about half a million 做后置定语同 样修饰 Kuwait 一词。
科技英语综合教程辅导书
Unit 1 Sources of Energy
Text A
Petroleum
Sentence structure analysis
1. Instead of originating in accumulating woody matter, petroleum may be the product of the accumulating fatty matter of ocean organisms such as plankton, the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean. (Para.2) 石油，并不是来自于逐渐积聚的木质物质，而可 能是来自于逐渐积聚的海洋生物的脂肪物质。比如浮游生物：大量浮游在海水表层的单细胞生 物。 这是一个简单句，主语 petroleum，谓语动词 may be，表语 product，构成句子主干。instead of 介 词短语作状语，such as plankton 是 product 一词的同位语，the myriads of single-celled creatures that float in the surface layer of the ocean 是名词性短语，做 plankton 的同位语。
中科大EPC综合英语考试资料(完整版)
1 . back 2. like 3 ・wings 4・to 5・as6 ・use7 . complinwntaiy8 ・ another9 ・ because 10 ・ as11 ・more 12 . why 13 ・well14 ・uhal 15 . understood 16. Dotft 17 . mentioned 18 ・ with19. wearire 20 ・ latestVarious liuiovaiions have been nitioduced as ways to break out of tl)e rigid system which forces studetits through a series of identical classrooms in which teachet s do most of die talking and students bas e lidle opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are (earn teaching and teachet aides, notbgraded elemental and secondaiy schools, indq)endent study, cunicula focused ou helping students discover things for iliemseh es ratlier than on tn ing to tell them c\ ersTlmig and schools designed lor maximum flexibility so tlmt students can wotk alone, or in siiiail groups, or take pat in large-gioup insti-uction v ia divase media. The ann of all these innovatioos is to adapt uistruction n.oie precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to omiiizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new teclmolog>, into die schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast ditlerences in the ways students learn are disregarded when diey are taught【he same thing, in the same way, at【he same time. There is nc escaping the evidence that many students iheniselves feel linle enthusiasm and even outright liostility tor the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled Many of ihem resem technology , bui what【hey object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large mmiber of srudents Or it is progranmiing which merely reproduces convenrional classroom leaching. Wliat insmiciion requires is an arrangemeni of resources whereby the student rcspoixis and lcams. reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of iindcrstandina. Technological media can store information unti' it is needed or wanted They can distribute it over distances to reach the stwdcnt where he happens to be. They can present the infbmiation to the smdent through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in manyays. In short, the students opporuinitics for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instnictional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teacher, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1 . The author is inainlv concerned with ________・A・ providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB. making technology an active tool in the schoolC・ relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD. meeting (he needs of each student2 ・ It can be micircd from the article that a Rood educational system must _______ .A. not depend on teacliersB. make use of varying methods of teachingC. place a renewed emphasis on scienceD・ not organize their instnicticn3 ・ The author suggests that rhe basic rok of rhe teacher in rhe educational s\r srem should beA. as a lecturerB. that of a (echnoloeistC. as the source of knowledgeD much more than that of classroom teaching4 ・The n^ative reactions of students to technology are the result of ______ .A. unknown factorsB. a general hostility toward educationC. its misuseD. its newness in the schools5 ・All of the following arc mentioned as a capability of technological media EXCEPT their ability toA. make it easiei for students to obtain needed infbmiationB provide tnany was of leaching ibe same thingC. make learning easy and funD・ replace traditional reportsH (Click for the answers.)Reference key.In Great Britain at present the speech of educated persons is known is Received Standard English. A class dialect rather than (1) .it is based on the type of speech cultivated at such schools asEton and Harrow and at such of the older univc^ities as (2) —_・ Many English peoplewho speak regional dialects in their childhood acquire Received Standard English (3) _________________ .Its influence has become (4) _________________ because of its use by such public media as the British Brcadcasiitig Corp ・An important development of English outside Great Britain (5) ____________________ . American English may be considered to include the English spoken in Canada although ibe Canadian vaiiety (6)_____________ . The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English arc in pronunciation and vocabulaiy ・(7)_____________ . Written American E咚lish also has a tendency to be n»re rigid inmatters of grammar and syniax. but at tbe same time appears to be more tolerant of the use of neologisms. Despite these differences it is oficn difficult to dctcrniinc-apart from conlcxt-(8)_________________________________in Great Britain or the U.S./Canada—or, for that matter, in Australia, New Zealand, or Soutli Africa.(Click tor the answers.)1 ・ a regional dialect2 ・ Oxford and Cambridge3 ・ while attending school and university4 . even stronger in recent year5 ■ occurred with the colonization of North America6 retains some features of British pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulan r7 ・ There are slighter differences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well8 . whether serious literar>r works have been wntten1 ・ How long has language probably existed?2 ・.According to the passage, how did language come into being?3 ・ Wha【is ibe fiist real evidence of language?4 . Languages change. Please name one of the reasons why change、lake place.5 ・ Do languages become better, worse or different?6 ・ Why do languages change even more slowly in modem industrial societies09 (Click for lhe answers.)No one knows how language began・ Because all people who arc not disabled have the ability to speak・language has probably existed at least as long as the modem human species. Most scholars believe that language developed very slowly from sound, such as grunts, barks and hoots, made by prehuman creamres. According to ihis view, a simple sysiem of\ ocal communication becane more complex as the human biam and speech organ、evolved. But no one knows when and l»w this process took phe已In feet there is no record of language for most of its existence. The first real evideuce of language is wiling. But scholais believe that wriiing did not appear until thousands of years after the origin of language. The earliest known wrincn records arc Sumerian word-pictures made about 35OOB.C. and Egyptian hieroglyphics that date from about 3000 B. C Written Chinese dates from perhaps 1500B C . Greek from about 1400B C“ and Latin from about 500 B C..No one knows all the reasons why languages change, but they continue to do so as long as people speak them. In a few cases, the changes can be explained. For examples, words arc added to a vocabulary1 ・ At least as long as the modem human species・2 ・ From sound, such as grunts, barks and boots, made by prehuman creamres.7 . Writing.4 . Words are added to a vocabulaiy to refer to new ideas or objects・ Contacts between speakers ofdifferent languages may cause words from one language to enter intc another language.5 ・ Languages do not become better or worse, only different・6 ・ Educational systems and such centralized communication systems as radio and television promote theuse of a standard fbnn of a language.Characteristics of cultural change:Diffusion :Acculturation :Assimilation :P (Click for the answers.)Even* culture changes. But all parts of a culture do not change at the same time・ Science and technology may sometimes change so rapidly that They lessen the imponance of customs・ ideas, and other nonmatcrial pans of a culture. At other rimes, changes in ideas and social systems may occur before changes in technology-. The failure of certain pans of a culture to keep up with other related pans is referred to as ailrural lag.No society is so isolated that it does not come in contact with ocher societies・ When contact occurs・societies borrow cultural traits from one another. As a result, cultural traits and patterns tend to spread from the society in which they originated. This spreading process is called diftiision Com growing, for example, began in what is now Mexico thousand^ of years ago and eventually spread tiiroughout the world.Diffusion can occur witliout firsthand contact between cultures. Products or patterns may move from group A to group C through group B without any contact between group A and group C・ Today, diffusion is rapid and widespread because many cultures of the world arc linked through advanced means of transportation and communication・vanations show changes that occurred during the development of English・The spelling of some words remained the same through the centuries, though their pronunciation changed・Grammar is (he set of principles used io create seiiietices. These piinciples define (he eletuents used to assemble sente«ces and the relationships between the eleniewts. The elenietns include parts of speech ai>d inilecrions ・Sonic modem scholars divide tlic parts of speech into two categories, content words and function wolds. Content words are the main parts of speech-nouns, verbs, adx obs・ and adjectives-and cany lhe basic vocabulan r Tlkry show die graimnaticaL or stmcniraL meanings of the seutence and are also called sunctuie classes. meanings. Function words express relationships between content words in a sentence・Function words include articles. prqx)si(ions? pronotms. and cotyimctioos.tnglish has teuet inflections than n>ost other Euiopean languages. Aa iullection is a vaiiaiion of the form of a word that gives die woid a difleient liieamng Of funciion. An English noun has only two lnlkctioiib, lhe plural aud the po^esbive. inllecuoiib aic us>ed lo change lhe ten^e and nuiubei of a veib oi the case of a pronoun. Inflections can change adjectives to the comparative or the supcrlative-for example, big. bigger, biggest.Questions:1 According to the largest dictionaries, approximately how many words are there in the English language?2. Many English words were boirowcd from otlicr languages. From which language was tbc word Piano borrowed?3. Wliy do English pronunciation and spelling sometimes seem illogical or inconsistent?第二章1 . imettog汛i* e 2. bestowal3 . OiiraciLCm 4. griiuy5 . doubcAil6.iDstmctiutis7 . dctctuiiiicr. dctcmiinant g . iriuniph9 . resititaiict10 . sponiaucuuilxI .It 2. but扌.and 4 .at 5 .1006before7 . on 3 . oi9 . for10.v ary11 .otkrs12. teiMral13 . as much as U，阳15 .next16 .parents17 children IS. wbeii19. exieui20 .differthte1 . The nest of -> M OST of2 , the reason of tbc reason for3 , Tbev all were -> were all\ . to the fields -> into the jirote^siGnal (kids5 H K odja eUtUftii -> Aacih^r elciu^ot6 . mo ST tiurtiirin^ -> most nuiwrmg7 . include mu^ic -> iDdudiqg music8 the World Warll -> World War II9 so highly motivated -> as hishly irnrivared1U . -> Next to1 ・【f it were no〔tor the *t throw-m M today, rm afraid they couldn*t have made a sate till now.2 . At die age of 40： he finally made something of hiiuself thiough his persistent eftorts.3 . Nowadays people most despise those who bow to money and power.4 ・ He has been thinking to himself about how to break down his anxiety when he speaks English、5 ・ As tlic tall man with a pair of sunglasses looked suspicious, I didift put him down as a good guy.6 . Although lie is over 80, the old mail is blessed with extiaoidmarily good healtlL bright with his eves andacute with his eais.1 was tbe kiud of boy who liked io give oiders. not to take (hern I always warned to wm ex ery gauie. every fight, and to be first in everything All rhe other boys, even Those a bir older than me. were happy to follow and obey me. All. that is. except one. His name is Maybee・It is difficult for me to describe my feelings towards him. I didn't hate hinL but neither did I like him I think (hai. more (han anv(hin£. I felt afVaid of him. At ihe same lime. I wanted(o know more about him. I wanted to find something (hat frightened or womed him. Bui I could find nothing.1 Wha【is ilie central idea conveyed in【be passage?2 ・Who can become strong allies of The school personnel?3 ・Whal aids in achieving a hamionious interplay bchvccn school and home?4 ・ Why is ibe faihei supposed to follow the advice accoiding io (I K passage?5 ・ What is the authors primary purpose in writing this passage?a (Click for the answers.)1 ・ Teachers can and should help parents to understand the objectives of the school.2 ・ The paieub.3 ・ Teacher^ conferences with parents・4 . To better help the kid to make satisfacton* progress in tnaiheniatics and at the same liine, to help him toeiyoy the uork as welL5 ・ To urge teachers and school administrators to make use ofa much underused resoiirce-the parent.Do parents owe then children anyrhing? Yes, they owe (hem a great deal.One of their chief obligations is(o give their children a sense of personal worth, for selfesteem is (he basis of(l) .A youngster who is consiantly made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantlycompared to brighicr brothers, sisters, or cousins・ will become so unsure. (2). ・ thar be (or she) wotft try at all. Of course, they should be corrected (3) _ : this is tbe way children learn.But the criticisms should be balanced with praises, preferably with a smile and a kiss No child is ever too old to be hugged・Parents owe their children firni guidance and consistent discipline It is frightening for a youngster(4) __________________________ : it's like being in a car without brakes. The parent who says ^No** whenother parents say M Ycs M sends a double message. He is also saying: H l love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because 1 don't want you to get into trouble.Parents owe their children (5) _____________________ . This means not borrowing things withoutperniissioiL not reading diaries and mail nol looking through purses, pockets, and draw ers. If a niotlier leels that she must lead her daughters diary to know wliat is goii^ OIL (6) ____________________________________ .Paieiiis owe then children a set of values around which to build tlien lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others： it means being respecttiil to eldei s? to teachers, and to die law. (7) _ A child ivho is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from thefactoiy or towels from a hotel will think that it is all right to steal. A youngster who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have a difficult time laughing and loxingNo child asks to be bom (8)_________________________ ・And if you give him his due. he ll have something of value to pass along to your grandchildren・1 a good mental health2 . so afraid of failing3 . Then they do wrong4 to feel that he is in charge of himself5 ・ privacy and respect for their personal belongings6 the communicarion between iheni must be pretty badX^'avs to help children develop their social skills include: ⑴.G)戶(Click for the answers.)Child care professionals play an important part in raising healthy children. Caregivers help children develop healthy bodies, minds, and feelings about themselves One of ihe mosi importain things providers leach children is bow io gel along with others No matier l»w gifted a child is physically or menially, iha( child's happiness and success in life will also depend on his ability(o get along with people.There are many ways to help children develop social skills. One way is to establish a set of rules or standards for acceptable behavior in vour center. Uliilc the exact rules may vary among caregivers, most probably fall into one of three broad categories. These are: -We need to respect ourselves -We need to respect othersA secoiid way we teach social skills is by the belmvior we model. We cannot ask children to treat each otliei- decently and then treat childieu disrespectftilly ouiselves. Childien Irani by watching and practicing uliat adults do. Every time you talk kindly to the children, you aie teachuip theni how to talk kmdly to each other.In bringing up children- evury parenc waiches eaaerh ih^ child's acq^usitioti of 艸<■]：skill-the iirst spoken vords. ：lx first iiidepeadeut steps, or 曲 匕世曲啤 就 uadi 孫 and ^vritiuc. It is ofkn remptine io hiiny the child be )p ond his natural learning rate, but this can $et;rp dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the Qhild- This mi^ht happen ar any A hdhy mishr he forced to a toikt too early ，a young child might be enccnraged tc l?nm io read before bu knows tbe mranin^ of die words I K reads. On rhe ether bnnrt. ih^ngh. if a child is left E JIK too much. or^Uhout any Irami 咚 opportunities^ be loses Im nfluirnl enrhusiasm fbr life nnd his desire ro find om new things fbr himselfParcnis \aiy greaiily in their &宦ice af strictness towards their children Sow 皿野 be 弼pc 侨咄)strict in money malted. Others arc severe ova times of comicig home at niglit or piuictuality for meals. In gciwiwL the controh imposed rcprc$ciit ill? needs of the parents and the \ alucsj of tlic wnuDuiiity 黏 niu^b is the child * (nvn happinc^.I 、IL ：ir is ttie 朋v 曰町呻it Qfmofal in the growing clHld. CCDSI 丽ewy is 、呵 unponant mpaimml leaching To fbrtiid n thins nnc dny nnd excuse ii the nest is DO ftnmdrtian for morality. Also psms »hQuld realize dun "oumple is Mtn* ttm precept". If th<y nre not sincere and do not pcaotiw whm they tweh. (heir children niay grow confiucd. and emotionally insctiuc « hcti they grv»^ old enough io 训ink for rbcmhcli 肢 and realize tfin havp bwn 心 seme 席心皿 ft»lc<L A siukkn aw arenas of a big (tifTcrcncc ber^ccn iheir parrnts' principles tuiii ihcir niorols can be a danffimoir disdppoiinmcmQuesciuiis ：1. XMkai does 亡tery puieni ejgerly holier diild io acquire. uCL<ndi[Li! to ibe >pe ；!ker >2 ioti 就queiKxij 1111辿i u<vui ifpaieu'.!> push 11K child Lwyuud liii-lKi DUEUIU ! Irnnimg idle?3 what should paints do in die learning process of cliildrcn?4. What does rhe speaker say abouc parcnral r 弱(ricikrns on children?5. ^ hnt h \'iiy inipottaiit iti pEUvnial 1關血】吟 according to ih< spealttf?6 讥 hm should pattnt^ do as to the development of moral 、站IK I EIR L 、in the gio 寂 in* child? 1. A6. A2. B 3 . D 4. A5. B第三章1 . foiiK 仙tM2 . comphini ii^ly 3. jetseparabk 4 . compctilivc 5. smtinKnulitK 6 . senaitv7 . ambiciou^ B . cwnplimeniai^' 9 . applkabk10. anendatnt 1. which2, ganK 3 , into 4 , pcniiillcd 5, use &. but7 . organ izcd 8, with 9 . started 10 .哄inning 1 ] . when12. while B, By 14 . and 15 . resisted 16. that 17 .耳nouin 芦 18. io 19 . right 20 . attractingRefaerxe key1 . ih? mosi *> most2 . slithtk' -> sli^hL3 . ns $inan as -> as sman4 . ten percenT pnofidenr *> len percent more ptoficiein5 grCHier -> grcai1. After being granted a Ph.D.? he? instead of staying abroad to be an aichitect of his uiopia? kept hisappoiutnietit and returned to his homeland to participate in the building of the Four Modernizations. 2. The player learned die hard way tliat it is wot steroid but hard and sciemific training that makes aiiOlympic champion.3. As she had full trust in her housekeeper, Jeimifer dismissed any suggestion of his disloyalty as rumors4. On recovering her lost son, the young tnothei lield him into her anus, tears gn mg way to smiles.Foot racing is a popular aciiviry in the United States. It is not only seen as a competitive sport, bui also as a way io exercise, to enjoy (he camaraderie of like-minded people, and to donate money to a good cause. Though serious runners may spend months training to conipeie, ether nmners and walkers might not train at all. Those not compel mg(o win might run in an eftbrt(o beat their own time, or simply(o enjoy ihe fun and exercise. People of all ages, from those less than one year old (who may be pushed in swollers) to those in their 80s. enter into this sport・ The races are held on city sheets, OQ college campuses, through parks, and in suburban areas, and are commonly 5 to 10 kilometers in lengthThe largest footrace in the world is the 12-kilometer Bay to Breakers race that is held in San Francisco every spring. This race begins on the cast side of tbc city near Sail Francisco Bay and ends on the west side at the Pacific Ocean. In 1993 there were 80.000 people running in this race througb the streets and hills of San Francisco. In the Ironi are the serious runners who compere(o win, and who might finish in as link as 34 minutes. Behind them are the thousands who lake several hoirs(o finish. In the back of the race are tliose who wear costumes jusi fbi ftm. In 1993 tliete wa^ a group of men all of w hom dressed up like Elvis Presley. Tliere was a group of inefightei's who were all tied in a long line and weie caiTying a tire hose. One yeai theie was a bndal parly m which the bnde dieted m a long white gown and the gioom wore a tuxedo. They threw flowers to bystanders, and were actually married at some point along the route.1 ・ The main purpose of this passage is to A encourage people to exerciseB. describe a popular aciiviryC. make fxin of runners in costumeD・ give reasons for the popularity of footraces2 ______________________________________________________ • The phiasc H to a good cause*1 could be best replaced by __________________________________________A. because of a good reasonB. in order to support a sound principleC・ for a good purposeD to protect a wise invesnnent3 Which of the following are NOT implied by the author?A. Footraces appeal to a \ ariety of people.B. Walkers can conipeie tor prizes.C. Entering a race is a way to gi\ e suppon to an organization.D. Running is a good way to strengthen the heart.4 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some runners looked like Elvis Presky.B. Some ninners were ready(o pui out a fireC. Some nmners were participating in a wedding.D・ Some runners were serious about winning・5 . Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?A. Chronological order. ^QB. Specific to general.C. Cause and result. CD. Statement and example.Reference kev•1・B 2. C 3・D 4・B 5・DWomen in the United States and in many other countries participate in a growing number of sports and games This has not always been the case, however In fact, women have not been as active in sports as men. Only in recent years have women begun to catch up to men in this area. Until the twentieth century, women did not often participate in spons.Part of the explanation for this is tliat wotnen simply did noi have time. Many women cooked, cleaned, and Took care of children. They were so busy that they did not have time for spons・ A second reason, especially in the late nineteenth century, is that a woman's image at that time was one of frailty, illness, and delicacy・ In the Victorian era, people thought that it was unladylike for a woman to be involved in any spons activity.There have been changes in both the view of women in the modem world, and also changes within the world of sports. These changes ha\ e allowed many mon; women to panxipate in spons. The general view of women has changed substanrialij, since rhe Victorian era Women are no longer considered delicate・ People do not think it is unladylike for a woman to compete in spons. Women who win in sports activities arc highly regarded. Many women now take part in sports and games of many different kinds. and enjoy doing so. This dex elopnienr is partly ihe result of a change in (he image of women in ihe modem world.Women also aie more active in sports now because of two changes in spons. First, m the early wentieth century, women began ro compete regularly in the Olympics. Also, the number of events for women in the Ohnipics has been growing quite steadily The fact that women can compete in the Olympics encourages many to become active in the various Olympic activities・ In more recent years, television has had a noticeable efleer on both the popularity of and paniciparion in wonieifs professional sports. Seeing women in professional sports on TV has niade certain sports much more popular among women, as amateurs and as professionals.1 ・ Whai causes many more women to participate in sports now?2 ・ Wha【did women use to be centered on?3 ・Wh/ is people's atrimdc nowadays if a woman wins in sports activities?4 ・ Whal is the role of TV in sports fields?5 ・ Which is the most suitable title for this passage?农(Click for the answers.)1 ・ Changes in the xiew of women and in the world of spons.2 ・ Housework3 Women will be respectable・4 ・ rv plays a considerable role in the popularization of women s participation in sports.5 ・Women and Sports.(8) •1 die possibilities of artificial stimulation2 . affect the honcstj- and excellence of spons3 record-breaking pertomiances4 enhanced by the use of drugs5 stripped of his Ohnnpic gold medal6 . from track competition1 . What did the doctors think of Lance ArmHongt cancer?2 How many American people won in the Tour de France before Lance Armstrong?3 Vkliat made Lance Armstrong a tme source of inspirarion for people around the world04 ・ What kind of book lived on the New York Times bcst-scllcr list for 52 weeks?5 . How did Lance Armstrong help cancer patients?Scnpi and ReiCTence key.Unbeliexable ・ cxcepi irs inie. By now .Lance Armstrong's hixory is well known. In 1996. he was a rising siar in inieniarional cycling, knocking down wins and making a name for himself as an American watch in this Euiopean spoil. Suddenly, eveiything changed. He had sone disappointing pertomiances and be didn't feel welL but it wasn't until lie began to cough up blood tliat he decided be should see a doctor.The next day he found out be had lesiicular cancer・ Given its advanced state, die doctois told him be might have a 50/50 chance of living・ Soon after, they discovered it had transfcircd into his abdomen, lungs, and brainIIi$ odds dropped to less than 20 percent・On October 2, Lance announced the news to the world in an cniotiona) press conference and vowed to beat the disease. He won. In 1999, he won again iu the Tour de France, only the second American to take hoiae the yellow jersey.Lance's unexpected victor iii the 1999 Tour launched him inio the public eye： ai)d his repeals have helped turned him into a real star. But his acconiplislunents aie oulv part of the reason fbt his acclaim. His treuieixioub coinage anddeteiiniualion in the face of enoiiuoub ob、【adcs have turned him into a tiue source of inspiration for people around the world. His generosity of spirit and humility have won him admiration and respect.Lance touches lives far beyond the world of sports. He is ailing the most recognized and well-liked celebrities in the U.S. His wildly successful autobiography. lt*s Not Abcut the Bike: My Journey Back to Life, lived on the New York Times bcst-scllcr list for 52 weeks・Today Lance is motivated not only to wm bike races, but to coiupete evety day for the gill of lile-his own as well as otheis. Tlnough his involvement in the Laiice Aimstiong FoundatioiL he has become a pov.eriul voice fol uancei biuvivorb every uheie. Tluougli his passion lor cxcelleuce. lie ha、become an example for anyone facing a challenge.I he Lance Armstrong story is not only of excellent athletic performance・ but also one of great human courage and perseverance. He is a survivor, a champion, and a hero for this and all times・1 ・ He might have a 50 to 50 chance of living(8) •。
技能认证EPC知识考试(习题卷7)
技能认证EPC知识考试(习题卷7)说明：答案和解析在试卷最后第1部分：单项选择题，共35题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。
1.[单选题]商用局的CG磁阵磁盘镜像方式为（）。
In commercial offices, the mirroring mode of CG disk array must be ().A)RAID0+1B)RAID1+0C)RAID1+1D)RAID1+X2.[单选题]重大故障的处理原则是（）。
Principle for Emergency Fault Handling is ( ).A)尽快恢复restore the system as soon as possibleB)尽快定位find the reason as soon as possibleC)尽快汇报feebback as soon as possibleD)尽快处理solve the issue as soon as possible3.[单选题]PDSN激活license文件的命令（）。
To activate the license file of the PDSN, runs the command ( ).A)#license download t8000.lcsB)#license install t8000.lcsC)#show licenseD)#ls license4.[单选题]为了减少无线传输过程中的误码影响, 一般将GPRS签约信息中的可靠性等级设置为几级: （ ）。
A)1级(Level 1)B)2级(Level 2)C)3级(Level 3)D)任意(any of the above)5.[单选题]uMAC网元进行License扩容时，需要重启整局的是：A)扩容enodeb数目B)扩容在线用户数C)扩容注册用户数D)扩容PDP/承载数6.[单选题]在xGW(PDSN)的信令中，下面哪条信令表示PDSN主动发起释放PPP连接？Among signaling messages of the xGW(PDSN), the following signaling message shows that the PDSN initially releases the PPP connection: ( ).A)ST_PPP_SIGNAL_PPP_LCP_TER_REQ_RCVB)ST_PPP_SIGNAL_PPP_LCP_TER_REQ_SENDC)ST_PPP_SIGNAL_PPP_IPCP_TER_REQ_RCV7.[单选题]SGSN与不同PLMN下的SGSN之间的接口为（）。
科大研究生综合英语阅读一
科大研究生综合英语阅读一ENGLSEL--A WORLD LANGUAGESusanna McbeeIt began as a rude tongue spoken by obscure Germanic tribes who invaded England in oared warships at the onset of the Dark Ages. Today, 1, 500 years later, the English language encompasses the globe.When an Argentine pilot lands his airliner in Turkey, he and the ground controller talk in English.When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to a new discovery, they publish their findings in English-language journals.When Japanese executives cut deals with Scandinavian entrepreneurs in Bangkok, they communicate in English.When the Soviet Union wants to make a propaganda point in the Mideast, it uses English not Russian. When pop singers from Hong Kong to Heidelberg ring out their songs, the lyrics often as not are in English.English has become to the modern world what Latin was to the ancients, dominating the planet as the medium of exchange in science, technology commerce, tourism, diplomacy and pop culture. Indeed, so wide is its sweep that 345 million people use English as their first language and an additional 400 million as their second. "It, s really amazing that one dialect spoken in one small place has become so important around the world, says Donald Bowen, professor of English at the University of California at Los Angeles.Initially, the language spread with the British Empire. After World War Il, English with a twist-- American jargon- circled theglobe, boosted by U.S. economic and political power. Finally, the language captured the lead in the knowledge explosion: English is the medium for 80 percent of information stored in computers around the world.Inevitable as "English creep" seems to be, it often bumps into walls of opposition. Some Third World countries have banned it or restricted its use, denouncing it as a weapon of"cultural imperialism". But English marches on. "If you need it, you learn it," says one expert. Ambitious people in many countries are scrambling to do just that. The demand for English language broadcasts, texts and other materials has created rich markets. Yet the United States seems barely aware of them. and Britain has captured a firm lead in many areas. Warns one book publisher, Chairman Leo Albert of Prentice-Hal1% International, "This is a battle for people's minds, and we are lagging far behind the British."After the new language came to England with Germanic tribes in the fifth century, it was augmented by the Scandinavian words of the Vikings in the ninth century and infused with the French of the Norman conquerors after 1066. Still, as recently as 400 years ago, many Britons would not have bet a plugged tuppence on the futureof their language bright and lively though it was. In 1582 a scholar named Richard Mulcaster wrote, "The English tongue is of small account, stretching no further than this island of ours, nay not there over all. "Little did he realize that in just 25 years, with the settlement of Virginia, the language would make a transoceanic leap from which it would never retreat.In the early colonial days, 5 million people spoke English. Bythe 1930s, after centuries of empire building and population growth, the number had jumped to 200 million. By the mid-1960s, after the postwar business and baby booms, the figure had vaulted again to an estimated 400 million, counting those who used English as a second language. Now with the total near 750 million, one of every 7 people in the world claims some knowledge of English.More speak Chinese--one billion people-but use of Chinese outside its populous homeland or ethnic enclaves in other countries is rare; 250 million Chinese, in fact, are learning English today--more than the number who speak it in the United States.English is the native language of 12 countries and an official or semiofficial tongue in 33 others where it is used to conduct at least some government business. Further, it is either a required subject or one widely studied in the schools of at least 56 additional countries.It is not only the language of aviation but with a new British-issued set of maritime terms called "Seaspeak", it may become the official language of shipping.Millions of people overseas struggle daily to master the irregular verbs, strange idioms and irrational spellings of English. Why? "It's the language of prestige, of practical success," says Barbara Robson of the Washington-based Center for Applied Linguistics.In Japan recently, a newspaper ad offered a high starting salary, $18,000, to anyone who could write technical manuals in simple English. A knowledge of informal phrases is especially valuable. Some years ago, Sony Corporation, looking to find a slot in its worldwide network, placed this ad: "Wanted: Japanese Who Can Swear in English. "Japanese high school graduates, aftersix years of required English, often enroll in professional EngiIS-1anguage schools to qualify for better jobs. The high-tech Mitsui& Company boast that 80 percent of its 9, 500 employees can speak, read and write English. Toyota, Japan's top-ranked auto maker, provides six-month in-service English courses to 1,000 employees.Even in France, where officials still scoff at la langue du Coca-Cola, English, especially American English, is now in State Secondary schools require every student to take four years of English or German. For the young, American phrases are "top of the pops, "and on the street, signs read: "Hi-Fi", "Fast Food"" and "Le Scoop du Jour" meaning "Today's Special".In Italy English is a must for many technical jobs. For example, top personnel at Telespazio, the state- ownedsatellite company, are expected to know English, and most economists at the Bank of Italy also speak it.Despite the recession in Brazil, many job hunters "are taking their last savings and investing in English lessons because so many prospective employers want workers with a knowledge of English, "says John O'Donnell, a partner in the Brasas chain of English-language schools in Rio de Janeiro.In the Soviet Union, more than half of the secondary-school students study English. Universities offer five-year courses. A few years ago, the Kremlin would not allow its diplomats to take posts in English- speaking countries unless their wives also spoke the langua ge. Now such diplomats’ families are routinely given short courses in English before leaving on assignment.In their rush to English, foreigners often mangle the language--just as Americans and Britons stumble over the idioms or pronunciations of other tongues. In Shanghai recently, touristswere told by their Chinese guide that population pressure was so great that "the city is pouring out to the skirts. "In Tokyo, one can see storefront signs advertising "Hair Saloon" or listen to a nightclub singer croon an otherwise perfect "Moon Liver".In Argentina, restaurants sometimes translate scrambled eggs as "revolting eggs" from the Spanish huevos revueltos.An idiomatic goof sometimes leads to a diplomatic gaffe. A middle-echelon Soviet envoy once raised his glass after delivering some elegant words at a Washington dinner party. He intended to say, "Bottoms up. "But it came out, "Up your bottoms."The flubs signal a deeper problem: The low quality of English language instruction in many parts of the world. In Switzerland, despite a growing demand for English, experts say that no more than 10 percent of the population has enough skill to write a letter in the language. For all the Soviet youngsters who study English, dull teaching methods leave many unable to speak it.Resistance to English is still strong in some countries. Officialdom in France, irked by the nonstop invasion of the French language by Anglicisms, has reorganized its efforts to protect and expand French, which English has displaced as the language of diplomacy. The High Commission of the French Language, created by President Francois Mitterrand, plans to introduce new terms, supervise the medias vocabulary and prod executives into trying French first in dealing with foreigners.Although it is now possible in France to sue someone for using non-French words such as weekend or drugstore, a group of socialist deputies wants to make such usage a crime. The proposed law prompted the newspaper Le Monde to suggest that the widely used Anglicism sandwich could be rendered deuxmorceaux de pain avec quelque chose au mileu-- two pieces of bread with something in the middle. Less concise but more French, Le Monde observed.Yet France seems to be fighting a rear-guard action. Even the prestigious French Academy has admitted thewords holdup and gadget to its dictionary while rejecting terms such as flashback and brainstorming. A few years ago, when Culture Minister Jack Lang tried to clamp a limit on the number of songs in English on radio and television, the industry balked. In one recent week, 11 of the top 20 tunes on government radio were in English.In the anti-English war, France is a cream puff compared with Canada's province of Quebec. There, a French-only policy, set in 1977, is enforced by a corps of 400"language police". Fines go as high as $760. Recently, the language cops told a Montreal insurance company to stop using English date stamps on incoming mail. The flow of investment money from France into Quebec increased, but the French-only policy has led to a brain drain. Some 14,000 senior corporate executives have left Quebec since 1977. Recently, Quebec softened its policy slightly. Cities with Anglo-Saxon majorities now may use English in day-to-day government communications.In the Third World, unwanted results have sometimes followed efforts to downgrade English. Burma's strong man Ne Win banned it in 1962. In 1981, after his favorite daughter flunked an English test required for graduate study in Britain, he ordered instruction reinstated. But an entire generation had lost out in the meantime. English-speaking ability has also been eroded in the Philippines, Malaysia Nepal and Pakistan, where nationwide governments have pushed local languages at the expense ofEnglish.Most of the world is going the other way, and teaching English has become a multimillion-dollar business. So far, British English is winning over American English as the language of choice. Britain's main channels for spreading the language are the British Broadcasting Corporation and a quasi-governmental agency, the British Council.A BBC English teaching telecast, Follow Me, is seen by 100 million viewers in China alone. The programs textbooks sold a million copies in Germany and Spain within the first three months ofpublication. America has nothing comparable, but the United States Information Agency is planning a radio-TV series with texts and study guides appealing to young adults. The British Council is spending about S64 million this year on English instruction It provides 611 language specialists to help dozens of nations develop ways to teach English. The USIA spends S8 million on English teaching and has about 210 such specialists.For all the problems, growing numbers around the world want to learn American English. "Were seen as the country of the future, "says Lois Roth, a USIA official. Some 450,000 people, mostly in Latin America, are now studying English in 103 USIA-supported binational centers and 26 USIA-funded English- teaching institutes.While clipped Oxford English has a certain snob appeal in Europe, American English is making inroads. In France, some school systems are using Marx Brothers and Laurel and Hardy films to teach the language. No longer do Europeans automatically agree with the joke in My Fair Lady that Americans haven't spoken English in years.Whether it comes with an American or British accent, the world's latest lingua franca will keep spreading." It’s like the primordial ooze, "contends James Alatis, dean of the School of Languages and Linguistics at GeorgetownUniversity in Washington, D.C. Citing the link between American power and the English language, Alatis insists that "its growth is ineluctable, inexorable and inevitable."。
科大复试试题.pptx
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科大复试试题
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中科大英语期中考试试卷(2篇)
第1篇考试时间：120分钟满分：150分注意事项：1. 请将答案填写在答题卡上。
2. 答题前，请将姓名、学号等信息填写在答题卡相应位置。
3. 请仔细阅读题目要求，按要求作答。
一、选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）1. The weather is ______ today.A. sunnyB. cloudyC. rainyD. windy2. ______ is the most important thing in our life.A. FoodB. MoneyC. LoveD. Work3. He ______ to the party last night.A. didn't goB. goesC. wentD. going4. _______ will you finish your homework?A. HowB. WhatC. WhenD. Where5. I _______ you for a long time.A. haven't seenB. didn't seeC. don't seeD. wasn't seeing6. If I _______ you, I would go to the party.A. wasB. wereC. beD. is7. The sun _______ in the east.A. risesB. risingC. riseD. rises up8. He _______ a doctor.A. wants to beB. want to beC. wants beingD. want being9. I _______ you a lot.A. oweB. owe toC. owe forD. owe on10. The teacher _______ the students a lot of homework.A. givesB. giveC. gaveD. giving11. I _______ to the library every day.A. goB. goesC. wentD. going12. _______ you like this book?A. DoB. DoesC. DidD. Does not13. I _______ my phone.A. lostB. loseC. lostsD. losing14. _______ you like coffee or tea?A. DoB. DoesC. DidD. Does not15. He _______ a lot of money last year.A. earnedB. earnC. earnsD. earning16. I _______ to the movies last night.A. didn't goB. don't goC. didn't go toD. don't go to17. _______ you know the answer?A. DoB. DoesC. DidD. Does not18. The cat _______ on the table.A. liesB. lyingC. layD. laying19. _______ you like to eat dinner?A. WhatB. WhenC. WhereD. Why20. I _______ to school by bus.A. goB. goesC. wentD. going二、完形填空（共20题，每题2分，共40分）It was a sunny morning. Tom was walking to school. He saw a girl sitting on the ground. She was crying. Tom _______ (21) her. "Why are you crying?" he asked.The girl _______ (22) and said, "My phone was stolen. I can't find it anywhere."Tom _______ (23) his phone and gave it to her. "Here, maybe this can help you," he said.The girl _______ (24) and thanked Tom. "You are so kind," she said. "Thank you for helping me."Tom smiled and said, "That's okay. I'm happy to help."After school, Tom _______ (25) his phone. He _______ (26) that he had given it to the girl. He was worried. He _______ (27) to the girl's house to apologize. When he got there, he _______ (28) that the girl had already found her phone.The girl's mother _______ (29) Tom and thanked him for his kindness. "Your son is very kind," she said. "He helped my daughter when she needed it."Tom felt happy. He _______ (30) that he had done the right thing.21. A. looked forB. looked atC. looked upD. looked after22. A. laughedB. criedC. smiledD. shouted23. A. foundB. lostC. gaveD. took24. A. laughedB. criedD. shouted25. A. looked forB. looked atC. looked upD. looked after26. A. realizedB. rememberedC. forgotD. hoped27. A. decidedB. askedC. invitedD. ordered28. A. foundB. lostC. gaveD. took29. A. scoldedB. praisedC. criticizedD. rebuked30. A. believedC. knewD. thought三、阅读理解（共5题，每题5分，共25分）Passage 1My favorite season is autumn. There are many reasons why I love autumn. First, the weather is perfect. It's not too hot and not too cold. The leaves on the trees change color and fall to the ground. This makes the ground look like a golden carpet.Second, autumn is a time for harvest. Farmers pick apples, pumpkins, and other fruits and vegetables. This is a happy time for everyone. We can eat fresh, delicious food.Third, autumn is a time for holidays. Halloween and Thanksgiving are two of my favorite holidays. I love to dress up for Halloween and eat lots of candy. Thanksgiving is a time to be with family and friends. We eat a big meal and give thanks for all the good things in our lives.In conclusion, autumn is my favorite season. It's a time of beauty, harvest, and holidays. I can't wait for autumn to come every year.Questions:1. What is the author's favorite season?2. What does the author like about the weather in autumn?3. What are two holidays that the author likes in autumn?4. Why does the author like Halloween?5. What does the author do on Thanksgiving?Passage 2In recent years, there has been a lot of talk about climate change. Climate change is a big problem that affects the whole world. It iscaused by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and cutting down trees.One of the biggest effects of climate change is rising sea levels. This is because the ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is melting. As the sea levels rise, coastal cities are at risk of flooding. This can cause a lot of damage to homes, buildings, and infrastructure.Another effect of climate change is more extreme weather. We are seeing more hurricanes, floods, and droughts. These events can cause a lot of damage and loss of life.There are many things that we can do to help reduce climate change. We can use less energy, such as turning off lights and unplugging devices when we're not using them. We can also plant more trees to help absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.In conclusion, climate change is a serious problem that we need to address. We all have a role to play in reducing our impact on the environment.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is one of the effects of climate change?3. What can we do to help reduce climate change?4. Why is climate change a serious problem?5. How does climate change affect coastal cities?四、翻译（共5题，每题5分，共25分）1. 翻译：我喜欢秋天，因为它是一个美丽的季节，树叶变黄，落叶覆盖大地，就像一张金色的地毯。
2022年03月中国科学技术大学招聘5名英语教师笔试参考题库含答案解析
2022年03月中国科学技术大学招聘5名英语教师笔试参考题库含答案解析(图片可自由调整大小)全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.高等教育法规(共15题)1.根据我国《民办教育促进法》的规定，民办教育的法律地位是（）。
A.民办教育优先于公办教育B.与公办教育具有同等的法律地位C.公办教育优先于民办教育D.目前尚无明确规定答案：B本题解析：我国《民办教育促进法》第5条规定：“民办学校与公办学校具有同等的法律地位，国家保障民办学校的办学自主权。
”2.学校对故意不完成教育数学任务给教育教学工作造成损失的教师，可以给予（）。
A.行政处罚B.行政处分或解聘职务C.撤销教师资格D.追究民事法律责任答案：B本题解析：教师如果故意不完成教学任务，教师所在学较或相关教育行政管理部门可以将其解聘或者给予其行政处分。
3.不属于我国教育法规实施内容的是（）。
A.教育执法B.教育司法C.教育守法D.教育普法答案：D本题解析：暂无解析4.四川真题：我国现行高等学校内部管理体制是（）。
A.党委领导下的校长负责制B.党委领导下的校长会议负责制C.党委领导下的校领导集体决策制D.校长负责制答案：A本题解析：暂无解析5.（）是关系国计民生的根本问题。
A.工业农业国防问题B.经济政治文化问题C.农业农村农民问题D.科技文化社会问题答案：C本题解析：暂无解析6.下列哪种不属于《普通高等学校学生管理规定》中规定的纪律处分的种类（）。
A.严重警告B.记过C.记大过D.开除学籍答案：C本题解析：按照《普通高等学校学生管理规定》，高校学生违纪后的纪律处分有：（1）警告；（2）严重警告；（3）记过；（4）留校察看；（5）开除学籍。
7.根据国家教育行政部门规定，在职人员申请自费出国留学，其公职等问题由（）。
A.所在单位自行处理B.所在单位上级部门处理C.所在单位所在地的劳动人事部门处理D.所在单位所在地的教育行政部门处理答案：A本题解析：暂无解析8.我国发展新的历史方位指的是（）。
中科大综合英语听力教程Unit 6
U n i t S i x Custom and CommunicationTask 3Directions: Listen to the following passage about guidelines on American customs. The passage will be read only once. After listening, choose the best answer from the four suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D toeach of the questions you hear.☺Task 3Foreigners cannot be expected to learn all the customs that prevail in America. What they should try to learn is the relatively small number of behaviors that are considered unacceptable by most people in the United States or will nearly always evoke a quick, strong, negative reaction from Americans. What is going to be mentioned is not a complete listing of unacceptable behaviors --- such a list would be impossible to devise --- but a few guidelines intended to help foreign visitors avoid behaviors that are quite likely to get them into trouble with Americans.Be punctual. Most Americans will feel offended if you are more than ten to fifteen minutes late for a meeting, appointment, or social engagement. If you must be late, try to give notice.If you agree to meet someone, whether at the person’s house or elsewhere, keep the appointment. It is particularly rude to accept an invitation to a person’s home for a meal and then not appear.Treat females with the same respect you accord males.Treat clerks, waiters, secretaries, taxi drivers and other such people courteously.When you are standing and talking to an American, stay at least an arm’s length away unless (1) you are going to hit the person, (2)you are going to hug, caress, or kiss the person, or (3) the person has clearly indicated to you that he or she wants you to be closer. You can stand a bit closer than an arm’s length if you are side-to-side rather than face-to-face. Males will want to be particularly cautious about touching other males --- except when shaking hands --- unless they want to convey the impression that they feel a homosexual attraction to them. This warning may seem overstated. No doubt foreign males will find American men who do not react adversely to other men who get close to them or touch them. But so many American men respond negatively to other men who get too close that foreign males are well advised to keep their distance, getting closer --- if they want to --- only after it is clear that doing so would be acceptable.Avoid bowing and other behavior that is intended to display deep respect for the other person. Most Americans become extremely uncomfortable if they are the object of such displays.Questions:1.Why should foreign visitors have to learn at least a small number of behaviors that are consideredunacceptable?2.What will you do if you must be late for a social engagement?3.Why must you stay at least an arm’s length away from a person you are talking to?4.How will most American men respond to other men who get too close to them to show, perhaps, theirfriendliness?5.Why do most Americans feel extremely uncomfortable about some behaviors that show deep respect for othersin different cultures?6.What does the passage mainly discuss?1. A. Because they can hardly learn all.B. Because they think those behaviors are hard to accept.C. Because the ignorance of those behaviors will probably cause negative reactions from Americans.D. Because a relatively small number of behaviors are generally unacceptable by foreign visitors to the UnitedStates.2. A. If you must be late, try to give notice.B.If you must be late, try to explain it later.C.If you must be late, try to be punctual next time.D.If you must be late, try to cancel the engagement 10 to 15 minutes earlier.3. A. Because you are talking with each other face to face.B.Because you are talking to a person of the opposite sex.C.Because you are talking to a person of the same sex.D.Because you have to talk to a person in an accepted manner.4. A. They will respond cautiously.B. They will react adversely.C. They will respond intimately.D. They will react positively.5. A. Because most Americans are not accustomed to standing on ceremony.B. B ecause there exist differences in customs which might cause a cultural clash.C.Because most Americans can hardly accept deep respect from others.D.Because foreign customs usually mean something totally different from American culture.6. A. Some prevailing customs in America.B. Some unacceptable behaviors in America.C. The reasons why some behaviors prevail.D. A complete list of the expected behaviors.Part II Values and Conflicts☺Task 3Americans generally consider themselves to be frank, open and direct in their dealings with other people. “Let’s lay our cards on the table, “ they say. Or, “Let’s stop playing games and get to the point.” These and many other common phrases convey the Americans’ idea that people should explicitly state what they think and what they want from other people.Americans tend to assume that conflicts and disagreements are best settled by means of forthright discussions among the people involved. If I dislike something you are doing, I should tell you about it directly so you will know, clearly and from me personally, how I feel about it. Bringing in other people to mediate a dispute is considered somewhat cowardly, the act of a person without enough courage to speak directly to someone else.The word “assertive” is the adjective Americans commonly use to describe the person who plainly and directly expresses feelings and requests. People who are inadequately assertive can take “assertiveness training classes.”Americans will often speak openly and directly to others about things they dislike. They will try to do so in a manner they call “constructive,” that is, a manner which the other person will not find offensive or unacceptable. If they do not speak openly about what is on their minds, they will convey their reactions in nonverbal ways (without words, but through facial expressions, body positions, and gestures). Americans are not taught, as people in many Asian countries are, that they should mask their emotional responses. Their words, the tone of their voices, or theirfacial expressions will usually reveal when they are feeling angry, unhappy, confused, or happy and content. They do not think it improper to display these feelings, at least within limits. Many Asians feel embarrassed around Americans who are exhibiting a strong emotional response to something. On the other hand, as many of us have come to see, Latins and Arabs are generally inclined to display their emotions more openly than Americans do, and to view Americans as unemotional and “cold”.Questions:1.What does the word “assertive” mean in this selection?2.Why do Americans often say “Let’s lay our cards on the table” or “Let’s stop playing games and get to thepoint”?3.By what means do Americans assume that conflicts and disagreements are best settled?4.How do Americans convey their reactions if they do not speak openly about what is on their minds?5.What are Americans generally regarded as by Latins and Arabs?6.What are people in many Asian countries taught according to the speaker?1. A. It means to feel very assured of oneself.B.It implies some self-confidence.C.It means to be plain, direct and honest in expressing feelings and requests.D.It suggests a person’s great courage and determination.2. A. To see who has won the game.B. To mediate a dispute.C. To speak about the things they dislike.D. To express what they think and what they want from other people.3. A. By discussing in an honest and straightforward way with the people involved.B.By exhibiting a strong emotional response with nothing hidden.C.By masking their emotional responses and asking other people to mediate.D.By taking assertiveness training class first.4. A. Through facial expressions.B.Through body positions and gestures.C.By keeping adopting a “constructive” manner.D.Both A and B.5. A. As emotional and friendly.B.As unemotional and “cold”.C.As cowardly and selfish.D.As open and warm.6. A. They are taught to believe that it is helpful to display one’s feelings at least within limits.B.They are taught to believe that it is offensive to speak to others they dislike.C.They are taught to believe that it is embarrassing to dislike something they are doing.D.They are taught to believe that it is proper to mask their emotional responses.Part III Interaction and Mutual Understanding☺Task 3It seems to be the case that many Americans are simply not available for the close “friendship” relationships that many foreigners have had, and take for granted, at home and assume they will find in America. Many Americans are simply too busy to have the time that is required to get to know another person well. Many have moved their residence from one place to another in the past and assume they do so again, and they prefer not to establish intimate friendships that will be painful to leave. Americans have been taught, as we have mentioned just now, to idealize independent, self-reliant individuals. Such individuals are likely to avoid becoming too dependent on other people or allowing others to become dependent on them. They remain apart from others. They do not know how to do otherwise.Americans typically assume that when people gather to socialize, they must undertake some activity together. They may go bowling or to a movie, play cards, or “have a few drinks.” Americans generally do not have the idea that it can be pleasant or rewarding to sit or talk with other people for extended periods. (Americans would probably say “just sit” and “just talk.”) Their discomfort is often evident if they are forced to sit and interact with people they do not know fairly well.Once again, it is important to recall that there are exceptions to these generalizations. Some Americans are willing to devote the time that is necessary to get to know others well and to develop close friendships. They will talk openly with their friends about personal thoughts and feelings that other Americans rarely reveal.Based on the previous selections in this Unit (Unit Six), we may generalize about Americans’ behavior toward people they have just met and about their behavior with respect to friendship. All of us can understand that the subject of social relationships is a very complex one. Therefore, the points made so far are only the ones foreign visitors most commonly make when they talk about their experiences with Americans.Questions:1.Why do Americans remain apart from others?2.What do Americans mean by saying “just sit” and “just talk”?3.What does the author think about the subject of social relationships?4.Which point is not made by the foreign visitors in their dealing with Americans?5.What’s the typical attitude of Americans when they gather to socialize?6.Why should the author mention there are, after all, exceptions to his generalizations?1. A. Because they are too busy to have the time.B.Because they frequently move their residence from one place to another.C.Because they don’t know how to deal with others.D.Because they are taught to idealize independent, self-reliant individuals.2. A. It is pleasant to go to movies with others.B.It isn’t pleasant and rewarding to sit or talk with others for extended periods.C.It is comfortable to drink with their friends.D.It is rewarding to play cards.3. A. It’s very simple to generalize.B.It’s very difficult to explain.C. It varies greatly and is hard to summarize.D. It’s the subject mainly investigated by foreign visitors.4. A. Americans consider it necessary to establish close “friendship” relationship.B.Americans will feel uncomfortable if they are forced to sit and interact with people they don’t know well.C.Some Americans are willing to devote their time that is necessary to get to know others well and developclose friendship.D. Americans are likely to avoid becoming dependent on other people or allowing others to becomedependent on them.5. A. They talk very little with others.B.They appear reluctant to go bowling or to a movie.C.They think that they must undertake some activity together.D.They prefer just to sit and talk with people they know fairly well.6. A. Because it’s a very complicated topic and that not all people are expected to follow the same pattern.B.Because Americans are very complicated and hard to get along with.C.Because it is almost impossible to generalize a nation’s personality characteristics.D. Because one culture differs from others and therefore no generalizations can be reliable.。