英语初高衔接课---句子基本结构、句子成分(教师版)

英语初高衔接课句子基本结构、句子成分（教师版）PresentationⅠ. 简单句（Simple sentence）:回忆简单句的五种基本句型Ⅱ. 并列句(Compound sentence)：什么叫并列句？学过的并列连词有哪些？1.定义：并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子，其结构为“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

常见的并列连词有and, but, or ,so, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等e.g. 再试一次吧，或许你就能赢得去意大利的免费车票。

（用横线划出并列的句子及并列连词）我们邻近的电影院又小又旧，但是他们的却又大又现代。

（中译英）The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but theirs is big and modern.小心，否则你会打碎那个花瓶的！（中译英）Be careful, or you will break that vase!Jack在每门功课上都努力学习，因此他上学期获得了奖学金（scholarship）。

（中译英）Jack worked very hard at every subject, so he gained a scholarship last term.他不但认识她而且他们还是好朋友。

（中译英）Tom既不留长发，也不穿牛仔裤。

（中译英）2.知识拓展：用and、as well as、neither(nor)等并列连词连接并列句时，某些重复的成分常被省略。

e.g.I don’t know, nor does she (know).●不少并列连词具有对称性，这样的连词常见的有：and, not only…but also…, 利用连词的对称性，可以由连词一边的结构推断出另一边的结构。

e.g. Unfortunately, the rear（后面，后部）of my car was heavy because the engine was there and alsobecause there was a new weight-lifting set laid in the back seat, my car turned completely around on the slippery road.A woman in a night dress and a borrowed（借来的）man’s coat screamed when she saw me andcame (come) running madly. （14年高考一模语法填空题）Ⅲ. 复合句(Complex sentence)：什么叫复合句？你所学的复合句有哪些？宾语从句需要遵循什么样的时态及语序规则？1.定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。

e.g. If I have time tomorrow, I will go shopping with you.2.复合句的分类：宾语从句，状语从句和定语从句。

A．宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。

常见的连词有：that, if/whether, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等。

e.g. 我真的不知道这座桥什么时候能竣工。

妈妈告诉那位男孩太阳是从东方升起的。

B．状语从句：可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的和让步等状语从句。

e.g. 那些日子我是如此的忙，以至于几乎没有时间去跟朋友玩。

（中译英）I was so busy with my school work that I had little time to play with my friends in thosedays.尽管他很年轻，但懂的却很多。

（中译英）Though he is young, he knows a lot.睡觉之前你会刷牙吗？除非你快点，不然你会错过火车。

You will miss the train unless you hurry up.为了赶上第一趟公交车，我们出发的较早。

我没去，因为我害怕。

I didn’t go, because I am afraid.C．定语从句：由关系代词who, that, which引导的限制性定语从句。

e.g. 这位就是照顾Tom的阿姨。

（找出句子中的主句和从句）This is the aunt who looks after Tom.他是现在活着的最伟大的作家之一。

这就是你想要的书。

坐落在教堂附近的大楼是我们的学校。

她是在会议上唯一支持我的人。

Ⅳ.词性与句子成分的对应➢主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）➢谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.➢表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）➢宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.➢补足语：用来补充说明主语或宾语用的。

宾补：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。

宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）➢定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）➢状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）指出下列划线部分的状语种类：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）判断划线部分的句子成分：Focused Practice (1)指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.Keys:1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、宾语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语Ⅴ. Listen to Mariah Carey’s Without You and try to analysis the sentence structure of the lyric.No I can't forget this evening or your face as you were leavingBut I guess that's just the waythe story goes我无法忘记今晚当你离去时的脸庞但我想那就是故事的结局You always smile but in your eyesyou sorrow showsYes it shows你一直保持著笑容但眼里却流露著哀伤没错，那是哀伤No I can't forget tomorrowwhen I think of all my sorrowWhen I had you there but then I let you go我无法忘记明日当我想到自己的哀愁我拥有了你，却又让你溜走And now it's only fairthat I should let you knowwhat you should know现在我只想让你知道一些你该知道的事I can't live if living is without youI can't live I can't give anymoreI can't live if living is without you •I can't live I can't give anymore •我活不下去，如果生命中失去了你•我活不下去，我再也无法付出•Well I can't forget this evening•or your face as you were leaving •But I guess that's just the way •the story goes••You always smile but in your eyes •you sorrow shows•Yes it shows••I can't live if living is without you •I can't live I can't give anymore •I can't live if living is without you•I can't live if living is without youI can't live I can't give anymore •I can't liveFocused Practice(2)Ⅰ. Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one more word than you need.(A)There are many things you can do to your memory, such as using various memorizing methods as well as taking special care of your health.It is important that you stimulate your brain to make your memory more efficient. For example, you can do activities that you do not usually do and your daily habits. Learning a new skill helps your brain develop. When trying to memorize something, you should focus your attention and concentrate on the most important things about it. Do not allow other thoughts to enter your mind this will lower your chances of remembering things accurately.An excellent way to help memory is to information with pictures. Try to see the images in your mind. Taking notes, being organized and keeping a diary will also be useful tools.Healthy and plenty of vitamins（维他命）are essential for your memory to work properly. Drinking a lot of water also helps maintain your memory. You must allow your brain tohave sleep and rest too. When you are , your brain stores memory. Not enough sleep can, therefore, cause problems with storing information. In addition, being tired will stop you from being able to concentrate well. Caffeine in tea and is very good at preventing sleepiness and helping concentration, but some people believe they may cause problems with memory.In order to well, you must be relaxed. Generally keeping fit and having regular health checks are both important as well, and not just for improving your memory.Keys: E C F B K A I D H G(B)It was another usual day at school. My parents still ask me to go to the school building, even though half the students in my class are ever there at all. They prefer to use computers at home to watch and listen to our teacher, and then send their homework in by e-mail. My parents have ideas – they think it is good for me to spend more time with friends of a age. I suppose they are right, but I also wish I could more time with my robot, as well.It was raining today, so I was very happy that Mr. Right, the house , was waiting to take me home. Mr. Right always takes me to school in the morning and picks me up in the afternoon. It is fun to sit on his back while he flies to the flat where we live. I cannot imagine travelling any other way.Mr. Right does so many other things, as well. He cleans the house, washes and dries clothes, and a wonderful dinner – as he can tell what temperature the food is and knows when meat or vegetables are perfectly cooked. He also has special eyes, which means when he looks at me, he can whether there is anything wrong inside my body. If there is, he can then prepare medicine to cure whatever sickness he has found.One thing I really like about Mr. Right is that his brain has a connection to the Internet, so he can any of my questions in just a few seconds. Another great thing is that when my parents are not at home, he makes me happy. He knows millions of jokes and lots of funny stories.I am so happy he is part of my life.Today my homework is to an article about which piece of technology has made my life different. I think you can guess what I will write about. I should go and start my homework. Keys: E H C B K F D G I A(C)If you live in Tornado(龙卷风) area, you keep a close eye on the sky. This part of the mid-western United States has as as 300 tornadoes blowing through it every year. Local people know that a “twister（旋风）” may be only a hop, skip, and a jump away. Twisters aretornadoes, and tornadoes are trouble for people living there.A tornado is wind caused by a thunderstorm (雷雨). Tornadoes are the most winds on Earth. They can travel up to 300 miles an hour. At that high speed, they damage almost anything. As they move, tornadoes turn round quickly in a twisting movement. They direction without warning.Once you’ve seen a tornado, you’re not to forget it. It has a unique（独特的）appearance. Take an ice cream cone, turn it upside down, and you’ve got a model for a tornado. The sound is also hard to be . Everything becomes silent. Even the insects stop buzzing. It seems the tornado take in all of the sound from the air. Suddenly it shouts it all back out in a roar, like a train running out of control.But sometimes the can’t be predicted. Have you ever seen the film The wizard of Oz （绿野仙踪）? Remember the scene when Dorothy’s house flies? A tornado once carried a house through the air for two miles. Another twister lifted a china cabinet（橱柜）and dropped it back to Earth some miles away. No dish was broken. Once, a tornado swept a child and her pony into the air. Her mother found her half a mile away, still sitting on the pony. , neither the girl nor her pony was seriously hurt.These stories happily. Most tornado stories don’t. These terrible windstorms u sually bring sadness, death and even disasters. In 1955, a tornado killed 34 people in one town. Three thousand buildings, including five schools, were damaged.Luckily, tornadoes seldom last more than an hour. Most only at about 20 miles per hour. They are almost always less than a few hundred yards wide. That’s a good thing for us! If twisters were any worse than they are, tornado area would be a tornado wasteland Keys: C I A D K J B F G EHome AssignmentⅠ.找出句子的各项成分1.两天后，女孩发现自己在一间黑屋中，开始大声求助。