英语语言学试题
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题（1）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua francaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisitionII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ .13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d___ the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c______period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, I ______is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)( )21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.( )22、V oicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.( )23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.( )24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.( )25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ( )26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.( )27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.( )28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ( )29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.( )30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.语言学试题(1)参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FV oicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generallyused in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) V owel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis, e.g.spinle--spindle. 4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius?Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating withexamples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or aphrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determinesspeakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain orinsertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
语言学考试题及答案英语
语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。
答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。
答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。
答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。
答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。
答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。
答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。
英语语言学平时测验及答案
QuizI. True or False (50%)1.Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.(T)2.Linguistics studies particular language,not language in general.(F)3.A scientific study of language is based on what the linguists think.(F)4.In the study of linguistics,hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.(T)5.Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.(T)6.Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaningful sentences. ( F )7.English is a typical tone language.(F)8.The basic principle of IPA is using a different letter for each distinguishable speechsound.9.Both phonology and phonetics are studies of speech sound.( F ) ( T )10.The assimilation rule assimilat es one sound to another by“copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme,thus making the two phones similar.(T)11.The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech; thus there are still many languages in today’s world that can only be spoken,but notwriting.12.The open-class words include prepositions.( F ) ( F )13.In classifying the English consonants and vowels,the same criteria can be applied. ( F )14.By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.(F)15.Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.(F)16.Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds. ( T )17.Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.(F)18.The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.(F)19.The number of closed class words is stable forever.(F)20.The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by“copying”a feature of a sequential phoneme,thus making the two phones similar.(T)21.The part of speech of the compound is always determined by the part of speech of the second element,without exception.(F)22.A productive morphological rule can be applied to all words.(F)23.Sometimes derivation can apply more than once and it is possible to create multiple levels of word structure. ( T )24.Both inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes are bound morphemes.( T )25. The meaning of a compound can be derived from the meanings of its constituent morphemes.(F)II. Multiple Choice Items (50%)nguage users can send messages which no one else has ever sent before,which results from________of language.(B)A. displacementB. productivityC. arbitrarinessD. universality2.In terms of manner of articulation,the English consonants[1]and[r]are classified as________.(A)A. liquidsB. affricatesC.stopsD.fricatives3. The morpheme “-al” in the common word “literal” is a(n) _______.( B )A. rootB. derivational affixC. inflectional affixD. free morpheme4.Often referred to as a design feature of language,________enables speakers to produce and understand an infinite number of sentences that they have neither spoken nor heard before.( B ) A.duality B.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrariness5.________phoneticians study speech sounds from the speaker’s point of view.They study the process of how a speaker uses his/her speech organs to produce sounds.(C)A.ArticulatoryB.AuditoryC.AcousticD.General6.Morphemes such as-er,-en,in-are all called________.(C)A.free morphemesB.inflectional morphemesC.affixesD.roots7. There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and______, which is our linguistic performance. ( B )A. creationB. communicationprehensionD.perception8. The basic principle of IPA is using a different letter for each distinguishable speech sound. ( F )9.Bothphonology andphonetics are studies of speechsound.(T)10.The assimilationrule assimilat es one sound to another by opying”afeature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( T )11.The writingsystemof a language is always a later inventionusedtorecordspeech; thus there are still many languages in today ’s world that can only be spoken, but not writing.(F)12. The open-class words include prepositions. ( F )13. In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. ( F )14. By synchrony we mean to study language change and development. ( F )15.Parole refers tothe abstract linguistic systemsharedby all the members ofa speechcommunity.(F)16. Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds. ( T )17. Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted. ( F )18. The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation. ( F )19. The number of closed class words is stable forever. ( F )20.The assimilationrule assimilates one sound to another by opying”afeature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar. ( T )21.The part of speechof the compound is always determined by the part ofspeech of the second element, without exception. ( F )22. A productive morphological rule can be applied to all words. ( F )23.Sometimes derivationcanapply morethanonceanditis possibletocreatemultiple levels of word structure. ( T )24. Both inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes are bound morphemes.( T )25. The meaning of a compound can be derived from the meanings of its constituent morphemes. ( F )II.Multiple Choice Items(50%)1. Language users can send messages which no one else has ever sent before, which results from ________of language. ( B )A. displacementB. productivityC. arbitrarinessD. universality2.In terms of manner of articulation,the English consonants[1]and[r]areclassified as ________.( A )A. liquidsB. affricatesC.stopsD.fricatives3. The morpheme “-al” in the common word “literal” is a(n) _______.( B )A. rootB. derivational affixC.inflectional affixD.free morpheme4. Often referred to as a design feature of language, ________ enables speakers toproduce andunderstandaninfinite number of sentences that they have neitherspoken nor heard before.(B)A.dualityB.productivityC.displacementD.arbitrariness5. ________ phoneticians study speech sounds from the speaker’s point of view.They study the process of how a speaker uses his/her speech organs to produce sounds.( C )A.ArticulatoryB.AuditoryC.AcousticD.General6. Morphemes such as -er, -en, in-are all called ________.( C )A.free morphemesB.inflectional morphemesC.affixesD.roots7. There is a difference between what we know, which is our linguistic competence, and how we use this knowledge in actual speech production and______, which is our linguistic performance. ( B )A. creationB. communicationprehensionD.perception8.The sounds that begin and end the words church andjudge are voiceless and voiced ______,respectively. ( A )A. affricatesB. stopsC.velarsD.palatals9.Morphemes which represent such grammatical categories as number, tense, gender, and case are called _______ morphemes. ( D )A. freeB. boundC. derivationalD. inflectional10.If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actuallyuse, it is said to be _______. ( D )A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistics11. Modern linguistics regards the written language as ______. ( B )A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable12. A historical study of language is a ______ study of language. ( B )A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative13. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between ________ and meaning. ( B )A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas14. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in ______. ( B )A. the place of articulationB. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongue C. the shape of the lips15.What phonetic feature distinguishthe”in lease”andthe”ins“peak”?(B)A. voicingB. aspirationC. roundnessD. nasality16.The famous quotationfromShakespeare’splay omeoandJuliet”“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” well illustrates_______.( A )A. the arbitrary nature of languageB. the creative nature of languageC. the universality of languageD. the big difference between human language and animal communication17.Of the followingsound combination,only______is permissible accordingto the sequential rules of phonology in English. ( A )A. bilkB. bkilC. ilkbD. ilbk18. What the element “-es” indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element“-ed”past tense,and“-ing”progressive aspect.Since they arethe smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also_______.( C )A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones19. The study of language as a whole is often called _______ linguistics.(B)A. particularB. generalC. ordinaryD. generative20. The word “boyish” contains two _______.( A )A. morphemesB. morphsC. phonemesD. allophones21.As modernlinguistics aims to describe and analyze the language peopleactually use,andnottolay downrules for c“orrect”linguistics behavior,itis saidto be______.( C )A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistics22. Of all the speech organs, the ______ is/are the most flexible. ( B )A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords23.The morpheme ision”inthe commonword t“elevision”is a(n)______.(D)A. bound morphemeB. bound formC.inflectional morphemeD.free morpheme24.Interms of the place of articulation,the followingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]share the feature of ________.( B )A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental25. According to Chomsky, _______ is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language. ( A )A. competenceB. paroleC. performanceD. langueAnswer sheetI.1-5:TFFTT6-10:FFFTT 11-15:FFFFF 16-20:TFFFT 21-25:FFTTF II.1-5:BABBC6-10:CBADD 11-15:BBBBB 16-20:AACBA 21-25:CBDBA。
(完整版)英语语言学练习题(含答案))
I . Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the scie ntific study of lan guage.2. Lin guistics studies particular lan guage, not lan guages in gen eral.3. A scie ntific study of lan guage is based on what the lin guist thi nks.4. In the study of lin guistics, hypotheses formed should be based on lan guage facts and checked aga inst the observed facts.5. Gen eral li nguistics is gen erally the study of lan guage as a whole.6. Gen eral li nguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic con cepts, theories, descripti ons, models and me thods applicable in any lin guistic study.7. Pho netics is differe nt from pho no logy in that the latter studies the comb in ati ons of the sounds to con vey meaning in com muni cati on.8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful senten ces.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be comb ined to fo rm words is called morphology.10. Syn tax is differe nt from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the comb in ati on of morphemes into words and words into senten ces.11. The study of meaning in lan guage is known as sema ntics.12. Both sema ntics and pragmatics study meanin gs.13. Pragmatics is differe nt from sema ntics in that pragmatics studiesmeaning not in isolati on, but in con text.14. Social cha nges can ofte n bring about lan guage cha nges.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.17. Moder n lin guistics is differe nt from traditi onal grammar.18. A diachro nic study of lan guage is the descripti on of lan guage at s ome point in time.19. Moder n lin guistics regards the writte n lan guage as primary, not the writte n lan guage.20. The disti ncti on betwee n compete nee and performa nee was propo sed by F. de Saussure.n . Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter give n:21. Chomsky defi nes “ compete nee as the ideal user ' ___________of the rules of his lan guage.22. Lan gue refers to the a ________ lin guistic system shared by allthe members of a speech commu nity while the parole is the con crete use of the conven ti ons and applicati on of the rules.23. D ________ is one of the desig n features of huma n lan guage which refers to the phe nomenon that lan guage con sists of two levels: alower level of mea nin gless in dividual sounds and a higher level of me anin gful un its.24. Lan guage is a system of a ________ v ocal symbols used for human com muni cati on.25. The discipli ne that studies the rules gover ning the formati on of w ords into permissible senten ces in lan guages is called s ______ .26. Huma n capacity for lan guage has a g ____ basis, but the details of lan guage have to be taught and lear ned.27. P ______ refers to the realizati on of lan gue in actual use.28. Findings in lin guistic studies can ofte n be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applicati ons is gene rally known as a __________ lin guistics.29. Lan guage is p _________ in that it makes possible the con struction and in terpretati on of new sig nals by its users .In other words, th ey can produce and un dersta nd an infin itely large nu mber of sentenc es which they have n ever heard before.30. Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the s _____ study of lan guage.ID . There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the stateme nt:31. If a lin guistic study describes and an alyzes the lan guage people a ctually use, it is said to be _______ .A. prescriptiveB. an alyticC. descriptiveD. li nguistic32. Which of the follow ing is not a desig n feature of huma n lan guage ?A. Arbitrari nessB. Displaceme ntC. DualityD. Meaningfuln ess33. Moder n lin guistics regards the writte n lan guage as ____ .A. primaryB. correctC. sec on daryD. stable34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______ .A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role tha n writ ing in terms of the amount ofin formati on con veyedC. speech is always the way in which every n ative speaker acquires h ismother ton gueD. All of the above35. A historical study of Ian guage is a ______ study of Ian guage.A. syn chro nicB. diachro nicC. prescriptiveD. comparative36. Saussure took a(n) ______ view of Ian guage, while Chomsky lo oks at Ian guage from a ______ point of view.A. sociological …psychologicalB. psychological …sociologicalC. applied …pragmaticD. semantic …linguistic37. Accord ing to F. de Saussure, ______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech com muni ty.A. paroleB. performa neeC. la ngueD. Language38. Lan guage is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne eti on betwee n _____ and meanin gs.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas39. Lan guage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the im mediate situati ons of the speaker. This feature is called ______ ,A. displaceme ntB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural tran smissi on40. The details of any lan guage system is passed on from one gener ati on to the n ext through _____ , rather tha n by in st in ct.A. learni ngB. teachi ngC. booksD. both A and BIV . Define the following terms:41. Lin guistics42. Phon ology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics45. Psycholi nguistics46. Language47. Pho netics48. Morphology49. Sema ntics50. Socioli nguistics51. Applied Lin guistics52. Arbitrari ness53. Productivity54. Displaceme nt55. Duality56. Desig n Features57. Compete nee58. Performa nee59. Lan gue60. ParoleSuggested an swers to suppleme ntary exercises:I . Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:I. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FII. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. Fn . Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter give n:21. kno wledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syn tax26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)ID . There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the stateme nt.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DIV . Define the following terms:41. Lin guistics: Lin guistics is gen erally defi ned as the scie ntific study of lan guage.42. Phono logy: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n com muni cati on is called pho no logy.43. Syn tax: The study of how morphemes and words are comb ined t o form senten ces is called syn tax.44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in con text of use is called prag matics.45. Psycholi nguistics: The study of Ian guage with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholi nguistics.46. Lan guage: Lan guage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for huma n com muni cati on.47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm uni cati on is called phon etics.48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arra n ged to form words is called morphology.49. Sema ntics: The study of meaning in lan guage is called sema ntics.50. Socioli nguistics: The study of lan guage with reference to society i s called socioli nguistics.51. Applied lin guistics: In a n arrow sen se, applied lin guistics refers to the applicati on of lin guistic prin ciples and theories to lan guage teach ing and lear ning, especially the teach ing of foreig n and sec ond langu ages. In a broad sen se, it refers to the applicati on of lin guistic finding s to the soluti on of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.52. arbitrari ness: It is one of the desig n features of lan guage. It mea ns that there is no logical conn ecti on betwee n meanings and sounds53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-structi on and in terpretati on of new sig nals by its users.54. Displaceme nt: Displaceme nt means that lan guage can be used to refer to thi ngs which are prese nt or not prese nt, real or imag ined m atters in the past, prese nt, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, la nguage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the i mmediate situati ons of the speaker55. Duality: The duality n ature of lan guage means that lan guage is a system, which con sists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanin gs.56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of huma n lan guage that dist in guish it from any ani mal system of com muni cati on57. Compete nee: Chomsky defi nes compete nee as the ideal user 'n owledge of the rules of his lan guage,58. Performanee: performanee is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in lin guistic com muni cati on.59. la ngue: Lan gue refers to the abstract lin guistic system shared by all the members of a speech com muni ty; Lan gue is the set of conven tions and rules which lan guage users all have to follow; Lan gue is relatively stable, it does not cha nge freque ntly60. Parole: Parole refers to the realizati on of lan gue in actual use; pa role is the con crete use of the conven ti ons and the applicati on of the rules; parole varies from pers on to pers on, and from situati on to situ atio n.。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)(总31页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is PoloniusHamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples.the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English. 42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）二、1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D三、6、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10、D四、五、二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）六、七、11、knowledge八、12、bilabial九、13、morphology十、14、sentence十一、15、complete十二、16、representatives十三、17、coinage十四、18、delete十五、19、critical十六、20、interlanguage十七、十八、三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）十九、二十、21、F二十一、Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form fora number of reasons.二十二、二十三、22、F二十四、Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.二十五、二十六、23、F二十七、The meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".二十八、二十九、24、F三十、Apart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function. 三十一、三十二、25、F三十三、Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. Forexample, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.三十四、三十五、26、T三十六、三十七、27、T三十八、三十九、28、F四十、They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, . one language may be used in somedomains, other language in other domains.四十一、四十二、29、F四十三、The true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, languagedetermines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"四十四、四十五、30、T四十六、四十七、四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）四十八、四十九、31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are anunlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.五十、五十一、32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qingdynasty up to the present.五十二、五十三、33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.五十四、五十五、34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, can be added to a noun to form an adjective.五十六、五十七、35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences五十八、五十九、36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of arelationship between the two items. For example,"husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.六十、六十一、37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" isanalyzed as comprising of+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.六十二、六十三、38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speakerand the hearer, For example, the knowledge of thelanguage used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguisticcommunication is taking place.六十四、六十五、39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might beharsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, . "pass away" for "die".六十六、六十七、40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particularhemisphere of the brain. For example, the righthemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.六十八、六十九、五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）七十、七十一、41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.七十二、1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved sevenlong, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of themajor discrepancies between the phonemicrepresentations of words and morphemes, . betweenpronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, /fi:v/(Middle English)→ /faiv/(Modern English)七十三、2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, itspronunciation is /nait/.七十四、3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the wordleisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A changethat involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,七十五、4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects ofEnglish, for example, the word ask is pronounced /七十六、 ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word.When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".七十七、评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案（10套题）
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案（10套题）有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)41.Explain with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme?42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius?Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features.Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learnerfactors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basicprinciple is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It isgenerally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In mostpeople, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language,while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English,its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, butit does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
英语语言学练习题含答案
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study.7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology.10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studiesmeaning not in isolation, but in context.14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve.17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at s ome point in time.19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not t he written language.20. The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F. de Saussure.Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:21. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s k__________ of the rules of his language.22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language wh ich refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: alower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of me aningful units.24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for hu man communication.25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of w ords into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the deta ils of language have to be taught and learned.27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settleme nt of some practical problems. The study of such applications is gene rally known as a________ linguistics.29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construc tion and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, th ey can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentenc es which they have never heard before.30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of languag e.Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language ?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires h is mother tongueD. All of the above35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky lo oks at language from a ________ point of view.A. sociological…psychologicalB. psychologica l…sociologicalC. applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community. A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne ction between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the im mediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission40. The details of any language system is passed on from one gener ation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and BⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics42. Phonology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics45. Psycholinguistics46. Language47. Phonetics48. Morphology49. Semantics50. Sociolinguistics51. Applied Linguistics52. Arbitrariness53. Productivity54. Displacement55. Duality56. Design Features57. Competence58. Performance59. Langue60. ParoleSuggested answers to supplementary exercises:Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. F11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. FⅡ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.42. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n communication is called phonology.43. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called prag matics.45. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholinguistics.46. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm unication is called phonetics.48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arran ged to form words is called morphology.49. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.50. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society i s called sociolinguistics.51. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teach ing and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second langu ages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic finding s to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.52. arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds 53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-struction and interpretation of new signals by its users.54. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined m atters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the i mmediate situations of the speaker55. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of com munication57. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s kn owledge of the rules of his language,58. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowle dge of the rules in linguistic communication.59. langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conven tions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently60. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; pa role is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situ ation.11 / 1111 / 11。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(Word最新版)
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案通过整理的英语语言学试卷精粹及答案相关文档，渴望对大家有所扶植，感谢观看！有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for “correct“ linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme “vision“ in the common word “television“ is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator主从连词5、“Can I borrow your bike?“ ___ “You have a bike.“ A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化. A、elaboration B、simplification精简C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca通用语B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and the angular gyrus角回B、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and cerebral cortex C、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and neurons D、Broca＇s area, Wernicke＇s area and Exner＇s area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition 其次部分非选择题II. Directions:Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines “competence“ as the ideal user＇s k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something＇s being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he＇s), Black English can d the form of “be“. 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference,overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%) ()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ()23、The compound word “bookstore“ is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers＇perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphological rules 35、phrase structure rule 36、relational opposites 37、componential analysis 38、context 39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" in linguistics refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A combination of two speech soundsC. A set of speech sounds that can be exchanged without changing the meaning of a wordD. The pronunciation of a word in a particular dialect答案：C2. Which of the following is an example of "synchronic" analysis?A. Studying how a language has changed over timeB. Studying a language at a single point in timeC. Comparing two languages from different language familiesD. Analyzing the grammar of a dead language答案：B3. The "active voice" in English is characterized by:A. The subject of the sentence performs the actionB. The subject of the sentence receives the actionC. The use of passive constructionsD. The absence of a subject in the sentence答案：A4. Which of the following sentence structures is considered "inverse"?A. Subject-Verb-ObjectB. Object-Subject-VerbC. Verb-Object-SubjectD. Subject-Object-Verb答案：B5. The process of "creolization" results in the formation of:A. A pidginB. A dialectC. A creoleD. A standard language答案：C6. In English, the word "run" can function as:a. A nounb. A verbc. An adjectived. All of the above答案：D7. The term "register" refers to:A. The highest pitch a voice can reachB. A dialect used by a particular social groupC. The level of formality in language useD. A type of linguistic accent答案：C8. The "universal grammar" hypothesis was proposed by:A. Noam ChomskyB. B.F. SkinnerC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. Edward Sapir答案：A9. The "allophone" of the English phoneme /p/ in the word "spin" is:A. Aspirated [pʰ]B. Unaspirated [p]C. Voiced [b]D. Voiceless [p]答案：A10. The linguistic concept of "polysemy" refers to:A. The use of a single word to express multiple meaningsB. The use of multiple words to express a single meaningC. The change in meaning of a word over timeD. The complete replacement of one word by another答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of language in relation to the brain and the nervous system is known as __________.答案：neurolinguistics2. A(n) __________ is a word that has a meaning and stands alone, typically consisting of a single morpheme.3. The __________ of a word is the set of words that are used together with it and influence its meaning.4. In linguistics, __________ refers to the smallest unit of meaning in a language.5. The __________ is the standard form of a verb that is typically used when conjugating the verb in the present tense.6. A(n) __________ is a word that is formed from a root word and one or more affixes.7. The __________ is the study of the historical developmentof languages.8. The __________ is the systematic study of the structureand function of words.9. The __________ is the study of the way in which languages change over time due to contact with other languages.10. The __________ is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of a language and how they function in a system ofcommunication.三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 描述语音学中的“最小对立对”概念，并给出一个英语例子。
英语语言学题库
How many syllables are there in the word “rhythmical”?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Ten答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.02．第2题Which of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme?A.relationshipB.bedroomkmanD.childlike答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.03．第3题Which of the following is an aspirated consonant?A.[f]B.[s]C.[k]D.[r]答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.04．第4题Which of the following underlined parts is a derivational morpheme?rgerB.dataC.traineeD.Kat e’s答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization?A.Jane told me to give up smoking.B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.06．第6题Which side(s) of muscles of ours does our left brain control?A.both left and rightB.leftC.rightD.sometimes left, sometimes right答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.07．第108题Which of the following pairs of words are homophones?A.flour---flowerB.lead (to guide)---lead (a kind of metal)C.mouth (a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)D.animal---cow答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.08．第109题The relation between ‘furniture’ and ‘wardrobe’ is ___.A.homophonyB.homographyC.hyponymyD.polysemy答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0Which of the following is a representative?A.You’d better go to see a doctor.B.I promise to buy you something when I come back.C.I now declare the meeting close.D.I have never seen the man before.答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.010．第111题Which of the following is a directive?A.Your money or your life!B.You are fired!C.The earth is round.D.Thank you very much.答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.011．第119题Which of the following is a declaration?A.Open the door, please.B.I appoint you chairman of the committee.C.Would you like to go to the movie with us?D.I’ve never seen her before.答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.012．第120题The word "realization" consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.A.five/fiveB.five/fourC.four/threeD.four/four答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.0The words “subway” and “underground” are ______ synonyms.A.nearB.dialectalC.collocationally-restrictedD.stylistic答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.014．第122题Which of the following best describes the relations between “Alice is a vegetarian” and “Alice prefers eating steak”?A.The former is synonymous with the latter.B.The former is inconsistent with the latter.C.The former entails the latter.D.The former presupposes the latter.答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.015．第123题‘It is 8 o’clock’ is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.016．第124题‘She sings very well’ is a ___-place predication.A.noB.oneC.twoD.three答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.517．第125题‘Slim’ and ‘skinny’ are ___.A.dialectal synonymsB.collocational synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.018．第126题‘Handsome’ and ‘pretty’ are ___.A.dialectal synonymsB.collocational synonymsC.stylistic synonymsD.synonyms that differ in their emotive meaning答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.019．第127题Which of the following pairs of words are homographs?A.sew---sowB.tear(a drop of liquid that flows from the eye)---tear (to pull apart)C.tec---techD.mouth (a speech organ)---mouth(an entrance to a cave)答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.020．第128题Which of the following words is NOT a coined word?A.dacronB.kodakC.xeroxD.gym答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：0.521．第129题“Up you go, chaps!” belongs to ____ language.A.intimateB.frozenC.consultativeD.casual答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.022．第130题Language acquisition refers to the child’s acquisition of his ____.A.first languageB.second languageC.foreign languageD.target language答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.023．第131题The first consonants the child can make are made with the lips and they are ____.A.[p,b,n]B.[p,b,m]C.[t,d,n]D.[t,d,m]答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.024．第132题If the child calls all men “Daddy”, then we may say the child has ____ the meaning of the word “Daddy”.A.overgeneralizedB.overextendedC.overusedD.overstressed答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：此题得分：0.025．第7题Arbitrariness of language means language can be used freely. 答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.026．第8题[i] is a semi-close vowel.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.027．第9题[h] is the glottal sound.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.028．第10题Phonetics deals with speech sounds in all human languages. 答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.029．第11题Tsled’ is a possibl e word in English.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.030．第12题English is a tone language.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.031．第13题‘Teach-in’ is a compound word.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.032．第14题The morpheme ‘–or’ in ‘actor’ is an inflectional morpheme.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.033．第15题The –s in ‘works’ of ‘He works hard.’ is a bound morpheme.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.034．第16题In XP, X refers to any such head as N, V, A or P.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.035．第17题The words ‘alive’ and ‘dead’ are relational opposites.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.036．第18题The words ‘lead’(领导) and ‘lead’(铅球) are homographs. 答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.037．第19题The words ‘flat’ and ‘apartment’ are stylistic synonyms.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.038．第20题The words ‘politician’ and ‘statesman’ are collocational synonyms.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.039．第21题The words ‘buy’ and ‘purchase’ are dialectal sy nonyms.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.040．第22题‘His friend is coming.’ presupposes ‘He has a friend.’答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.041．第23题' I fire you!' is a commissive.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.042．第24题' Do not say what you believe to be false' is a maxim of relation.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.043．第25题B' s reply violates the maxim of quality in the dialogue below: A: Where do you live? B: In South China Normal University.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.044．第26题B probably means that he doesn' t want to make any comment on the lecture, in the dialogue below: A: What do you think of the lecture? (The speech maker is coming) B: Do we have classes this evening?答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.045．第27题B probably means that it is impolite to ask about her age, in the dialogue below: A: How old are you? B: I am 80.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.046．第28题B probably means that A should not laugh at him since they know each other, in the dialogue below: A: Are you a good student? B: Are you?答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.047．第29题The word ' mice' , which is pronounced as [mais], was pronounced as [mi:s] in Middle English.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.048．第30题In Chaucer' s the Canterbury Tales, we can find ' his' to replace ' it' in Modern English, as in ' Whan that Aprille with his shoures sooth' . This reflects the change in the ' agreement' rule.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.049．第31题' I love thee not.' before the 16th century, has now become ' I do not love you.' This means the change in negation rule.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.050．第32题The word ' walkman' is a blend.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.051．第33题Linguistics is scientific because it is helpful to language use.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.052．第34题General linguistics deals with the general aspects of language application.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.053．第35题Phonology studies how a sound is produced.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.054．第36题Modern linguistics aims at prescribing models for language users to follow.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.055．第37题Parole is a French word; it means the concrete language events.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.056．第38题F. de Saussure was a Swiss linguist.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.057．第39题Chomsky regards competence as an act of doing things with a sentence. 答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.058．第40题Performance is the focus of Chomsky’s linguistic study.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.059．第41题Duality of language means language is a two-level system.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.060．第42题Linguists are interested in all sounds.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.061．第43题Applied linguistics means the language application to specific areas.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.062．第44题Modern linguistics aims at prescribing models for language users to follow.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.063．第45题Synchronic linguistics deals with a series of language phenomena at the same time. 答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.064．第46题Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.065．第47题The word ' videophone' is an acronym.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.066．第48题UNESCO is a blend.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.067．第49题The word ' tea' is a loan word from Chinese.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：此题得分：0.068．第50题The word ' dinner' comes from French.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.069．第51题Computer language is one of the sources that have influenced the English language.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.070．第52题Pidgins came from a blending of a few languages.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.071．第53题One of the most important features of bilingualism is the specialization of function of the two varieties.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.072．第54题Of ' reply' and ' answer' , the latter is more formal.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.073．第55题A prominent phonological feature of Black English is the deletion of the consonant at the end of a word, as in ' desk' [des].答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：此题得分：0.074．第56题The use of such sentences as ' I ain' t afraid of no ghosts' to mean ' I' m not afraid of ghosts' is one of the syntactic features of Black English.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.075．第57题Received Pronunciation in British English is a dialect of London that is representative of standard English.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.076．第58题The word ' dog' often conjures up different images in the US and Hong Kong.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.077．第59题Language plays a major role in socializing the people and perpetuating culture, especially in print form.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.078．第60题It is acceptable to translate ' Every dog has his day.' into ' 每条狗都有自己的日子。
英语语言学linian试题及答案
英语语言学linian试题及答案英语语言学试题及答案1. 语言学的主要分支有哪些？答案：语言学的主要分支包括语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、心理语言学、神经语言学、计算语言学等。
2. 请解释“语言习得”和“语言学习”的区别。
答案：语言习得是指儿童在成长过程中自然掌握母语的能力，而语言学习则是指在学校或其他正式环境中有意识地学习第二语言或外语。
3. 什么是语言的“深层结构”和“表层结构”？答案：深层结构是指句子的内在意义和逻辑关系，而表层结构则是指句子的外在形式，即我们实际听到或说出的句子。
4. 请列举至少三种不同的语言变异现象。
答案：语言变异现象包括地域变异（方言）、社会变异（社会方言）、时间变异（历史方言）等。
5. 什么是转换生成语法？答案：转换生成语法是由诺姆·乔姆斯基提出的语言学理论，它认为所有人类语言都遵循一套普遍的语法规则，而这些规则可以通过转换规则从深层结构转换到表层结构。
6. 请解释“语码转换”和“语码混合”的概念。
答案：语码转换是指在不同语言或方言之间切换使用，而语码混合则是指在同一句话中混合使用两种或两种以上的语言或方言。
7. 语言学中“语料库”的作用是什么？答案：语料库是语言学研究中用来收集和分析自然语言数据的大型数据库，它可以帮助研究者进行语言模式、语言变化和语言使用等方面的研究。
8. 请简述“语言相对性假设”。
答案：语言相对性假设，也称为萨丕尔-沃尔夫假设，认为一个人的思维方式受到其母语的影响，即语言的结构决定了思维的结构。
9. 什么是“语言的普遍语法”？答案：语言的普遍语法是指所有人类语言共有的一套基本语法规则，这些规则是语言能力的基础，由诺姆·乔姆斯基提出。
10. 请解释“语境”在语言交际中的作用。
答案：语境是指语言交际发生的环境，包括物理环境、社会环境和心理环境等。
语境对语言的理解和使用有重要影响，它可以帮助解释语言的模糊性，提供语言交流的背景信息。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker tosomething's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in differentregional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
英语语言学试题3及答案
英语语言学试题3及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A sound in a languageB. The smallest unit of sound that can change the meaning of a wordC. The way a language is writtenD. The study of language in relation to culture2. Which of the following is NOT a branch of linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. MorphologyD. Astronomy3. The process of analyzing the structure of sentences is known as:A. SyntaxB. SemanticsC. PragmaticsD. Lexicology4. The study of word formation is called:A. EtymologyB. MorphologyC. SemanticsD. Lexicology5. In linguistics, "pragmatics" is concerned with:A. The meaning of wordsB. The meaning of sentences in contextC. The structure of wordsD. The sounds of a language6. The change of a word's form to express different grammatical relationships is known as:A. InflectionB. DerivationC. CompoundingD. Conversion7. "Morpheme" is defined as:A. The smallest meaningful unit in a languageB. A group of letters that form a wordC. A word that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful partsD. The smallest unit of sound8. Which of the following is an example of a sociolect?A. A dialect spoken in a particular regionB. A language variety used by a social groupC. A language used in formal situationsD. A language used in informal situations9. The study of language change over time is known as:A. Historical linguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. PsycholinguisticsD. Computational linguistics10. The concept of "register" refers to:A. A language variety associated with a particularactivityB. A language variety associated with a particular regionC. A language variety associated with a particular social groupD. A language variety associated with a particular time period二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The study of language in its social context is known as __________.12. A language that develops from a common ancestral language is called a __________.13. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is a(n)__________.14. The systematic use of language to convey information is known as __________.15. The process of creating new words by combining existing words is called __________.16. The study of language in relation to the brain is known as __________.17. The change of a word's form to show grammatical relationships is known as __________.18. The study of the history of individual words is called__________.19. The study of language universals is a part of __________.20. The systematic study of meaning in language is known as __________.三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between phonetics and phonology.22. Describe the role of morphology in language acquisition.23. What is the significance of syntax in language comprehension?24. Discuss the concept of language variation and its implications for linguistic analysis.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）25. Discuss the impact of language on thought and culture, referring to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.26. Analyze the role of language in identity formation and social interaction, with reference to sociolinguistic theories.五、案例分析题（每题10分，共10分）27. Given a scenario where two speakers of different dialects have difficulty understanding each other, analyze the factors that contribute to this communication barrier.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. A4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. A 10. A二、填空题11. Sociolinguistics 12. Language family 13. Morpheme 14. Pragmatics 15. Compounding 16. Neurolinguistics 17.Inflection 18. Etymology 19. Typology 20. Semantics三、简答题21. Phonetics is the study of the physical properties ofspeech sounds, while phonology is the study of the abstract system of sounds in a language.22. Morphology plays a crucial role in language acquisition as it helps learners understand how words are formed and how they can be broken down into smaller units.。
(完整版)英语语言学练习题(含答案))
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1.Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2.Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3.A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.4.In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be basedon language facts and checked against the observed facts.5.General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6.General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study.7.Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.8.Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.9.The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined tofo rm words is called morphology.10.Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not onlyst udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11.The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.12.Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.13.Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studiesmeaning not in isolation, but in context.14.Social changes can often bring about language changes.15.Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve.17.Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18.A diachronic study of language is the description of language ats ome point in time.19.Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, nott he written language.20.The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F. de Saussure.Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:21. Chomsky defines“ competence as”the ideal user ’s k__________ of the rules of his language.ngue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23.D_________ is one of the design features of human language wh ich refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: alower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level ofme aningful units.nguage is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for hu man communication.25.The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of w ords into permissible sentences in languages is called s________. 26.Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but thedeta ils of language have to be taught and learned.27.P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.28.Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settleme nt of some practical problems. The study of such applications is gene rally known as a________ linguistics.nguage is p___________ in that it makes possible the construc tion and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, th ey can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentenc es which they have never heard before.30.Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of language.Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic32.Which of the following is not a design feature of human language ?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness33.Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.A.primaryB.correctC.secondaryD.stable34.In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amountof information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires h is mother tongueD. All of the above35.A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC.prescriptive D.comparative36.Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomskylo oks at language from a ________ point of view.A. sociological⋯ psychologicalB. psychological⋯ sociologicalC. applied⋯ pragmaticD.semantic⋯ linguistic37.According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.A. paroleB.performancenguenguagenguage is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne ction between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideasnguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from theim mediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_______, A. displacementB. dualityC.flexibilityD. cultural transmission40.The details of any language system is passed on from onegener ation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC.booksD.both A and BⅣ. Define the following terms:41.Linguistics42.Phonology43.Syntax44.Pragmatics45.Psycholinguisticsnguage47.Phonetics48.Morphology49.Semantics50.Sociolinguistics51.Applied Linguistics52.Arbitrariness53.Productivity54.Displacement55.Duality56.Design Featurespetence58.Performancengue60.ParoleSuggested answers to supplementary exercises:Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. F11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. FⅡ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DⅣ. Define the following terms:41.Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.42.Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n communication is called phonology.43.Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.44.Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is calledprag matics.45.Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholinguistics.nguage: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbolsused for human communication.47.Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm unication is called phonetics.48.Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes arearran ged to form words is called morphology.49.Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.50.Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to societyi s called sociolinguistics.51.Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teach ing and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second langu ages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic finding s to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.52. arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds53.Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-struction and interpretation of new signals by its users.54.Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used torefer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the i mmediate situations of the speaker55.Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.56.Design features: Design features refer to the defining propertiesof human language that distinguish it from any animal system ofcom munication57. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’s kn owledge of the rules of his language,58.Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.ngue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared byall the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is rel(完满版)英语语言学练习题(含答案))atively stable, it does not change frequently60.Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; pa role is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situ ation.11 / 11。
英语语言学试题库.
英语语言学Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets.1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study.A.2B.3C.4D.5ANSWER:B2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B3.Foreign language learning always contain ( )A language historical process learning B.input and language learningC inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term.A title+ first nameB title+ titleC title aloneD first name+ last name+ titleANSWER:C5.Features of the language in fictions are: ( )A stress and metrical patterningB speech and thought presentationC prose styleD analysis of the textANSWER:BC6. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition? ( )A Language acquisition is a process of habit formationB Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beingsC Children are born with an innate ability to acquire languageD Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use ANSWER:A7.Words can be identified in terms of ( )A a minimum free formB stabilityC relative uninterruptibilityD variable or notANSWER:ABC8.Which is not the features of language? ( )A arbitrarinessB dualityC creativityD replacementANSWER:D9.Approachers to syntax can be: ( )A the traditional approachB the structural approachC the functional approachD the generative approach ANSWER:ABCD10.Predication analysis is a way to analyze( )meaning.A phonemeB wordC phraseD sentence ANSWER:D11.Lexical change cannot be a result of ( )A phonological changeB semantic changeC analogical changeD orthographic change ANSWER:C12.The words that contain only one morpheme are called ( )A bound morphemesB rootsC free morphemesD affixes ANSWER:B13.( ) is the study of language in relation to the mind.A PsycholinguisticsB SociolinguisticsC LinguisticsD Semantics ANSWER:A14.Which belongs to the main branches of linguistics? ( )A phoneticsB metalingyC morphologyD syntaxANSWER:ACD15.Which doesn’t belong to the main branches of linguistics? ( )A phoneticsB morphologyC metalingyD syntaxANSWER:C16.V oicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of ( )A the velumB the vocal cordsC the glottisD the uvulaANSWER:B17.Sense of “word” contains: ( )A a physically definable unitB the common factor underlying a set of formsC an essential former of sentencesD a grammatical unitANSWER:ABD18.Different functional speech varieties known as are expected in, say, a church sermon, adiplomatic encounter, a family dinner, or a sports broadcast.A registersB stylesC dialectsD accentsANSWER:A19.Which is not the features of language? ( )A arbitrarinessB dualityC creativityD replacementANSWER:D20.We study psycholinguistics because ( )A to know about psychological reality of linguistic structuresB to help the aphasicsC to produce findings which lead to the modification of theoretical ideasD to make it a new tool for studying psychologyANSWER:ACⅡ.Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets(2%×10=20%).1.Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.( )ANSWER:T2.Both assimilation and alienation can happen during phonological processes.( ) ANSWER:T3.Phone is a phonological unit.( )ANSWER:F4.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary.( )ANSWER:F5.The first pragmatic theory is Conversational Implicature.( )ANSWER:F6.Father of modern linguistics is Swiss F. de Saussure.( )ANSWER:F7.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.( )ANSWER:F8.There is merely little difference between data retrieval and information retrieval.( ) ANSWER:F9.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.( )ANSWER:T10. There is no difference between data retrieval and information retrieval.( ) ANSWER:Fnguage refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome orwhat we actually utter/write.( )ANSWER:T12.There are some relations between language and culture, language and society, but they are not deserved to spend a lot of time studying.( )ANSWER:Fnguage acquisition is a hot research topic today, and social, cultural, personal factors are also observed to be affecting.( )ANSWER:T14.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. ( )ANSWER:F15.Realations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.( )ANSWER:T16.A compound is the combination of two words.( )ANSWER:F17. Both assimilation and alienation can happen during phonological processes.( ) ANSWER:T18.Synchronic describes language by analyzing its development through different period of time, while diachronic describes phenomenon of language of a certain period.( ) ANSWER:Fnguage refers to the abstract innate system, however, parole refers to the outcome or what we actually utter/write.( )ANSWER:T20.The meaning of a sentence is always the sum total of the words in that sentence.( ) ANSWER:FⅢ.Directions: Explain the following terms(3%×5=15%).1. displacementANSWER: Displacement，as one of the design features of the human language，refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present，as easily as he does things presently.2.cultural transmissionANSWER: It means that language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation，but that the details of the linguistic system must be learned anew by each speaker.3.categoryANSWER:Category, in some approaches refers to classes and functions in its narrow sense, more specifically, it refers to the defining properties of general units.4.arbitrarinessANSWER: One design feature of human language,which refers to the face that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.5.V owl:ANSWER: Are sound segments produced without such obstruction,so no turbulence of a total stopping of the air can be perceived.6. lexicon:ANSWER: A list of all the words in a language assigned to various lexical categories and provided with semantic interpretation.7. linguisticsANSWER: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, it studies not just one language of any one society，but the language of all human beings.8.wordANSWER: Word is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form.Ⅳ.Briefly answer the following questions1.Please list the 4 design features of languageANSWER:①arbitrariness ②duality ③creativity ④displacement2. Why do linguists say language is human specific?ANSWER: First of all，human language has six “design features” which animal communication systems do not have，at least not in the true sense of them. Secondly，linguists have done a lot trying to teach animals such as chimpanzees to speak a human language but have achieved nothing inspiring.Thirdly，a human child reared among animals cannot speak a human language，not even when he is taken back and taught to lo to so.3.What does phonology study？What is the difference between phonetics and phonology？ANSWER: Phonology studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, andsequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.Phonetics is the study of sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas Phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order.4.List the seven functions of human languages.ANSWER: ①Informative function ②Interpersonal function ③Performative function ④Metalingual function ⑤Phatic communion function ⑥Recreational function⑦Emotive functionⅤ.Translation1.In linguistics, it refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language ,or simply, the study of the formation of sentences. ANSWER:在语言学上,它是指在一种语言中,对指导文字组合进而形成句子规则的研究,或简言之,是对句子构成的研究.puter is an electronic machine that can be used to manipulate data according to a series of instruction stored in its memory and which can perform complex tasks in a very short time.ANSWER:计算机是一种电子机器，它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据，并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。
英语语言学试题3及答案
英语语言学试题3及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在语言学中，研究语言结构的学科被称为：A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 结构语言学D. 应用语言学答案：C2. 语言中最小的意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C3. 下列哪项是语言的任意性特征？A. 语言的规则性B. 语言的创造性C. 语言的任意性D. 语言的稳定性答案：C4. 英语中，单词“cat”的词根是：A. catB. -catC. -cattD. ca-答案：A5. 语言的“经济性原则”指的是：A. 用最少的音位表达最多的意义B. 用最少的词汇表达最多的意义C. 用最少的句型表达最多的意义D. 用最少的语法规则表达最多的意义答案：A6. “Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for communication.” 这句话中，“arbitrary”一词的意思是：A. 任意的B. 必然的C. 相关的D. 必要的答案：A7. 语言学家乔姆斯基认为，人类天生具有：A. 语言能力B. 语言知识C. 语言习惯D. 语言技巧答案：A8. 语言的“双重艺术性”指的是：A. 语言的创造性和规范性B. 语言的任意性和规约性C. 语言的表达性和接收性D. 语言的描述性和规定性答案：B9. 下列哪个选项不是语言的功能？A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 社会控制D. 艺术创作答案：D10. 在英语中，单词“university”的词缀“uni-”表示：A. 一B. 多C. 不D. 再答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的三个主要分支是语音学、__________和句法学。
答案：语法学2. 根据语言的起源，语言学可以分为历史语言学和__________语言学。
答案：比较3. 语言的“规约性”指的是语言符号的__________。
答案：约定性4. 在语言学中，研究语言在社会中的功能和影响的学科被称为__________语言学。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A unit of meaningC. A unit of writingD. A unit of grammar答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a branch of linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PsychologyD. Syntax答案：C3. The process of changing the form of a word to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案：A4. In English, the word "mouse" is an example of:A. A countable nounB. An uncountable nounC. A proper nounD. An article答案：A5. The study of meaning in language is known as:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案：A6. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning ina language is called:A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. SyllableD. Word答案：A7. The branch of linguistics that studies the social aspects of language is:A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. NeurolinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案：A8. The use of language in context is studied in:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案：B9. The process of acquiring a first language is known as:A. Second language acquisitionB. Foreign language learningC. Language learningD. First language acquisition答案：D10. The systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences is the study of:A. PhonologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of speech sounds is called ____________.答案：Phonetics2. The smallest meaningful unit of language is known as a____________.答案：Morpheme3. The branch of linguistics that deals with the structure of words is ____________.答案：Morphology4. The study of how language is used in social contexts is called ____________.答案：Sociolinguistics5. The process by which children acquire their first language is known as ____________.答案：Language acquisition6. The study of the rules governing the formation of sentences in a language is ____________.答案：Syntax7. The branch of linguistics that examines the psychological aspects of language is ____________.答案：Psycholinguistics8. The study of the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences is known as ____________.答案：Semantics9. The branch of linguistics concerned with the relationship between language and culture is ____________.答案：Anthropological linguistics10. The study of how language is processed in the brain is called ____________.答案：Neurolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a phoneme and an allophone. 答案：A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language, while an allophone is a variant of a phoneme that does not change the meaning of aword.2. What is the role of syntax in language?答案：Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language,including how words and phrases are arranged to create well-formed sentences.3. How does sociolinguistics contribute to our understandingof language?答案：Sociolinguistics helps us understand how languagevaries according to social factors such as class, gender, age, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of pragmatics in language communication.答案：Pragmatics is crucial in language communication as it deals with the way context influences the interpretation of meaning. It helps us understand how speakers convey intended meanings beyond the literal interpretation of words and sentences, taking into account factors such as tone, body language, and shared knowledge.2. Explain the concept of language universals and give examples.答案：Language universals refer to the structural and functional features that are common to all human languages. Examples include the presence of nouns and verbs, the use ofword order to convey meaning, and the ability to form questions and negations.。
资料英语语言学期末考试试卷及答案
英语语言学期末考试试卷第一局部选择题I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%)1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar,but they differ in that ____________.A. Saussure took a sociological view of language whileChomsky took a psychological point of viewB. Saussure took a psychological view of language whileChomsky took a sociological point of viewC. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language whileChomsky took a semantic point of viewD. Saussure took a structural view of language whileChomsky took a pragmatic point of view2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication.A. unnaturalB. artificialC. superficialD. arbitrary3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________.A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmittedB. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongueC. but the details of language have to be learnt.D. and the details are acquired by instinct4. A(n)________ is a phonological unit of distinctive value. Itis a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. allophoneC. phonemeD. sound5. The morpheme –ed in the word “worked〞is a(n) __________ morpheme.A. derivationalB. inflectionalC. freeD. word-forming6. WH-movement is __________ in English which changes asentence from affirmative to interrogative.A. obligatoryB. optionalC. selectionalD. arbitrary7. Naming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by _________.A. GriceB. PlatoC. SaussureD. Ogden andRichards8. “John married a blond heiress.〞__________ “John married a blond.〞A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistentwithC. entailsD. presupposes9. In semantic analysis of a sentence, the basic unit is called_______, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.A. utteranceB. referenceC. predicationD. morpheme10. In Austin’s speech act theory, ___________ is the act ofexpressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something.A. a perlocutionary actB. a locutionary actC. a constative actD. an illocutionaryact第二局部非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. P___________ relates the study of language to psychology.It aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.12. A d_________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.13. Language is a system, which consists of two sets ofstructures, or two levels. At the lower level, there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number of meaningful units at the higher level.This design feature is called d___________.14. The articulatory apparatus of a human being is containedin three important areas: the pharyngeal cavity, the o_________ cavity and the nasal cavity.15. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in aparticular hemisphere of the brain is called l_____________.16. S_____________ features such as stress, tone andintonation can influence the interpretation of meaning. 17. Phrase structure rules can generate an infinite number ofsentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r_________ properties.18. H__________ refers to the phenomenon that words havingdifferent meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.19. Some important missions of historical linguists are toidentify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p____________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.20. In Sociolinguistics, speakers are treated as members ofsocial groups. The social group isolated for any given study is called the speech c___________.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)( ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what thesewords actually refer to.( ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of anotherlanguage.( ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English,unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.( ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number ofsentences native speakers of that language are able toproduce and comprehend.( ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time wecome across a linguistic symbol.( ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.For example, “Good morning!〞can be restored to “Iwish you a good morning.〞( ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speakdifferently because of a number of social factors. ( ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic asstandard English.( ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any humanlanguage spontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%×10=30%)31. parole:32. broad transcription:33. allophones:34. phrase structure rules:35. context36. Historical Linguistics:37. standard language:38. linguistic taboo:39. acculturation:40. care-taker speech:V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematicoccurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.42. English has undergone tremendous changes since itsAnglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.参考答案第一局部选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1. A2. D3. C4. C5.B6. A7. B8. C9. C 10. D 第二局部非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11. Psycholinguistics12. diachronic13. duality14. oral15. lateralization16. Suprasegmental17. recursive18. Homonymy19. protolanguage20. communityIII. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%X10=20%)( T ) 21. Linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( T ) 22. Language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what thesewords actually refer to.( F ) 23. The conclusions we reach about the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of anotherlanguage.( F ) 24. The meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in English because English,unlike Chinese, is a typical tone language.( T ) 25. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, and yet there is no limit to the number ofsentences native speakers of that language are able toproduce and comprehend.( F ) 26. When we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind’s eye every time wecome across a linguistic symbol.( F ) 27. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences.For example, “Good morning!〞can be restored to “Iwish you a good morning.〞( T ) 28. Two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speakdifferently because of a number of social factors.( F ) 29. Black English is linguistically inferior to standard English because Black English is not as systematic asstandard English.( T ) 30. Any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any humanlanguage spontaneously and effortlessly.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms. (3%X10=30%) 31. parole: It refers to the realization of langue in actual use.It is concrete and varies with context.32. Broad transcription is the transcription with lettersymbols only. It is the transcription normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks.33. Allophones are the different phones that represent aphoneme in different phonetic environments.34. Phrase structure rules are the rewrite rules which allowfor the possible combination of words to form phrases and sentences.35. Context is generally considered as constituted by theknowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.36. Historical linguistics studies language change ( orhistorical development of language).37. Standard language is a superposed, socially prestigiousdialect of language. It is the language employed by the government and the judiciary system, used by the mass media and taught in educational institutions.38. Linguistic taboo refers to a word or expression that isprohibited by the “polite〞society from general use. 39. Acculturation is a process of adapting to the culture andvalue system of the second language community.40. It is simple and modified speech used by parents,baby-sitter, etc. when they talk to young children who are acquiring their native language.V. Answer the following questions. (10%X2=20%)41. Enumerate three causes that lead to the systematicoccurrence of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.1) Mother tongue interference2) interlingual interference3) Overgeneralization42. English has undergone tremendous changes since itsAnglo-Saxon days. Identify the major periods in itshistorical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.Major periods: Old English (449-1100)Middle English (1100-1500)Modern English (1500-present)Historical events: The old English period began with the invasion of the British Isles by English-speaking Anglo-Saxons from Europe, and ended with the arrival of Norman French invaders historically known as the Norman Conquest. The Middle English period is distinguished from the Old English period by the Norman Conquest. The European renaissance movement marked the beginning of the Modern English period.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A , B , C or D in the brackets.(1%x 20=20%1) The study of language at one point of time is a ______ study.A.synchronicB. historicC.diachronic D. descriptive2) Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which “fall ”and “autumn ” belong is called ____ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational3) The sentence“John likes ice -cream ” contains _______ a rguments.A.oneB. twoC. noneD. three4) Semantics can be defined as the study of ______ .A.naming B. meaningcommunicationD. context英语语言学试题卷及答案C.5) Once the notion of ________ was taken into considerationspilled into pragmatics.A.B. contextC.D. content6) Of the three speech acts ，linguists are most interestedA. locutionaryB. perlocutionary actC. illocutionaryD. none of the above7) Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative rise to .A. utteranceB. speech act theoryC. conversational implicaturesD. none ofthe above，semantics meaning form in the _________ . act act Principle give meaning8) The significance of Grice 's CP lies in that it explains how it i possible for the speaker to convey _____ is literally said.A. moreB. less thans thanC. the same asD. none of the above9) The goal of ______ is to explore the nature of language variation andlanguage use among a variety of speech communities and different socialsituations.A. psycholinguisticsB. sociolinguisticsC. historical linguisticsD. generallinguistics10) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological ，morphological and syntactic systems which are ______A. rule-governedB. systematicC. arbitraryD. both A and B11) As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language peopleactually use，and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior ，it is said to be___.A. prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic12) Language is a system of arbitrary _________ symbols used for human communication.A. culturalB. conventionalC.D. vocal13) A word with several meanings is called ________ .A. an abnormalB. a polysemous wordC. a synonymous wordD. none of the above14) There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix in the word “ learned ” is known as a (n) ________________________ .A. derivationalB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form15) The syntactic rules of any language are _______ in number.A.B. smallC.D. infinite16) “I bought some roses ” ____________ “I bought some flowersA.B. presupposesdecodedworded”morphemelargefinite entailsC. is inconsistent withD. issynonymous with17)The phrase “ boys and girls ” belongs to the __________________ construction.A. predicateB. endocentricC. subordinateD. exocentric18) Can I borrow your bike" ___ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes 19)Of all the speech organs ，the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords20)Chomsky uses the term ______ to refer to the actual realization of alanguage user 's knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB.competenceC. paroleD.performanceIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false ：(1%X 15=15%1) Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.2) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech；thus there are still manylanguages in today 's world that can only be spoken ，but not written.3) The open-class words include prepositions.4) In classifying the English consonants and vowels ，the same criteria can be applied.5) According to semantic triangle ，there is no direct link between a symbol andreferent ，. between a word and a thing it refers to.6) Syntactic categories refer to sentences(S) and clauses ( C) only.7) By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.8) The IC analysis is not able to analyze split verbs like “do sb. in ”.9) The relationship of “flower ”，“ violet ”，“rose ”and “ tulip ”is hyponymy.10) A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.12) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13) Humancapacity for language has a genetic basis ，. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14) Only words of the sameparts of speech can be combined to form compounds.15) Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word，the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are tofill in ONE word only ，and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%X 10=10%1) The modern linguistics is d ，not prescriptive ，and itsinvestigations are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data.2) ___________ M is the smallest meaningful unit of language.3) Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speakerwhile p _______ contrastd with langue is the concrete act of speaking inactual situations by an individual speaker..4) The transformational component has transformational rules ，which change the deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into s structure.5) In semantic triangle ，the relation between a word and a thing it refersto is not direct ，and it is mediated by c __________ ..6) ________________________________________________________________ H.Sweet made a distinction between narrow and b ___________________________ transcription.7) In the cooperative principle ，Grice introduced four categories ofare maxim of quality ，maxim of quatity ，maxim of r _________ and maximof manner.8) ____ The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopothesis is that language d s our thinking pattern.9) _____________________________________________________________ T here are two major approaches to error analysis ：c _____________________________ and non-contrastive analysis.10) _________ P is the study of language in use.VI. The following two are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each expression. ( 2=5%1) Smoking cigar is very harmful.2) The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. An swer the followi ng questio ns in En glish. (4%x 5=20%1) What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle2) What are the design features of language3) What are the differences between modern linguistics and traditionalgrammar4) Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components5) What do you know about linguistics.参考答案III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which oneof the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A ，B ，C orD in the brackets. ( 1%x 20=20%)1-5 ABBBB 6-10 CCABD 11-15 CDBCC 16-20 ABDCDIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false ：( 1%x 15=15%)1 ) -5 )：TTFFT 6 ) -10 )：FFTTF 11) -15 )：FFFFFV. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word ， the first letter of which is already given as a clue.VI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.( % 2=5%1 )The cigar that is smoking is very harmful. The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful. 2) The boy saw the man who had a telescope. Using the telescope ， the boy saw the man. VII. An swer the followi ng questio ns in En glish. (4%x 5=20%1) A. The maxim of quantity1. Make your contribution as informative as required ( for the currentpurpose of the exchange ) .2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. B. The maxim of quality1. Do not say what you believe to be false.2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence. C. The maxim of relation Be relevant.D. The maxim of manner 1. Avoid obscurity of expression. Avoid ambiguity.(1%x 10=10% 1 ) descriptive2) Morpheme3 ) parole4) surface)concept6) broad 7) relation 8 )determines9 ) contrastive 10) Pragmatics2.3. Be brief （avoid unnecessary prolixity ）.4. Be orderly.2）Arbitrariness ；Productivity ；Duality ；Displacement ；Cultural transmission ；3）A. Linguistics is descriptive ，not prescriptiveB. Linguistics regards the spoken language as primary ，not the written.C. Linguistics differs from traditional grammar in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.4）The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words. For example ；（A）The dog bit the man.（B）The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum total of the meanings of allits components ，then the above two sentences would have the same meaning. In fact they are different in meanings.As we know ，there are two aspects to sentence meaning ：grammaticalmean-ing and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “ the dog” and “ the man ” in （A）are different from the grammatical meanings of “ the dog” and “the man” in （B）. The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent wordsand of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to another.英语语言学试题 A 卷及答案（I. Define the following linguistic terms 1 ) duality 3) phonologyTran slate the followi ng terms into Chin ese : (%x 10=5%2)distinctive feature3) parole4) generative grammar5) bilingualism 6) felicity condition7） design feature 8) denotation9）labiodental10 )linguistic relativityTranslate the following terms into English :( (%X 10=5%11 ） 人 际 功能12)真值条件13 ）女性语域 14）音 节划分15）结构主义16 ）社会语言学17) 论元 18）单元音 19）衔接20）对比分析III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding:(2%X 10=20%2 ) displacement4 ) morphology5 ) concord 6）7) hyponymy8) pragmaticsillocutionary force10) error analysisII. Translation(%X 20=10%9）1 ) affricate endocentric constructionletter A ，B，C or D on the answer sheet.(1%X 20=20%1 ) . language is a system of arbitrary ______________ symbols used for human communication.A. culturalB. conventionalC. decodedD. vocal2) _________________________________________ . A word with several meanings is called ________________________________________ .A. an abnormal wordB. apolysemous wordC. a synonymous wordD. none ofthe above3) _____________________________________________ . There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix “ ed” in the word “ learned ” is known as a (n) _____________________________________________________ .A. derivational morphemeB. freemorphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. freeform4) _________________________________________ . The syntactic rules of any language are ____________________________________ in number.A. largeB. smallfiniteC.D. infinite5) . “I picked some tulips. I picked some flowers.B. presupposesA. entailsC. is inconsistent withD. is synonymouswith6) . Y's utterance in the following conversation exchange violates themaxim ofX：Who was that you were with last nightY：Did you know that you were wearing odd socksA. qualityB. quantityC.relation D. manner7) “ Can I borrow your bike ”You have a bike. ”A. is synonymous withB. isinconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes 8) The study of language at one point of time isstudy.A. synchronicB. historicC. diachronicD. descriptive9) Which of the following is a typical tone languageA. EnglishFrenchD. All of the above10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in __________ . A. phonemic contrast B.complementary distributionC. minimal pairD. none of the above11 ) In terms of the place of articulation ， the following sounds[t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of _______ .A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD.dental12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ______ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. N. ChomskyC.F. Saussure D. M. A. K. Halliday13) Which of the following is a correct description of referenceA. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaningB. the set of all objects which can potentially be referred to by an expressionB. ChineseC.C. a relationship between a particular object in the world and an expression used in an utterance to pick out that objectD. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14) What is function of the sentenceA. DirectiveB. PhaticInformative D. EvocativeD. content“ How do you do C.15) In the following sounds _______ is a central vowel.A. //B. /u/C. //D. / 3 /16) Which of the following languages has the syllabic writing system A.Chinese B. Japanese C.English D. French17) Which description of the meaning components of the word is rightA. [+human ，+adult ，-male]B.[+human，-adult ，+male]C. [ —human, +adult , -male]D. [+human+adult ，+male]18) Once the notion of _________ was taken into consideration ，spilled into pragmatics.A.fathersemanticsmeaningB. contextC. form19 )Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological ，morphological and syntactic systems which are ____________________ .A. rule-governedB. systematicC. arbitraryD. both A and B20)“Hot dog ” with the first syllable stressed means ____________ .A. an overheated animalB. a kindof foodC. a barking dogD. a dead dogIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false ：(15 pts ，1 point for each )Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false ：(1% X 15=15%1) Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2) According to N. Chomsky ，“ competence” is the actual realization of his knowledge in utterance.3) A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.4) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.5) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns of a language.6) Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7) The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.8) Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.9) According to semantic triangle ，there is no direct link between a symbol and referent ，. between a word and a thing it refers to.10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not accounted for by semantics.13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.14) Social dialects ，or sociolects ，are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular social classes.15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic competence.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word，the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only ，and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%X 10=10%1) The three branches of phonetics are labeled as a __________________ phonetics ，auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2) One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speechover w ________ .3) S ________ studies the sentence structure of language.4) C ___________ analyis is based upon the belief that the mesning of aword can be divided into meaning components.5) The noun “tear ” and the verb “tear ” are h ______________ .6) H. Sweet madea distinction between narrow and b ______________ transcription.7) Lingistics found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the c ______________________________ of langauge use was left unconsidered.8) Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a producer and a of messages.9) Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languages is relative ，the greater their structureal differentiation is ，the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h . 10) S _____ act theory is an important theory in the pragmatic study oflanguage.VI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Giveyour understanding of the different meanings of each sentence. ( %X 2=5%1) Flying airplanes can be very dangerous.2) The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. Answer the following questions in English.(4%X 5=20%1) What functions does language have Give some examples.(5 points )2) State the differences between the sentence meaning and utterance meaning. (5 points )3) Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modern linguistics (points )4) What are the seven types of meaning proposed by G. Leech in his Semantics (points )5) In what way can linguistics contribute to the research in languagelearning (4 points )参考答案I. Define the following linguistic terms ：(2%X 10=20%)1)duality ：The property of having two levels of structures ，such that the units of the primary levelare composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.2)displacement ：It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects ，events and concepts which are not present at the present of communication.3) phonology ：A subbranch of linguistics that studies the system and patterns of the speech sounds and how they work and convey meaning in the system of language.4) morphology ：A subbranch of linguistics that is concerned with the internalorganization of words.5) concord ： The requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.6) endocentric construction ： A construction whose distribution isfunctionally equivalent or approaching equivalence to one of its constituents.7) hyponymy ： It refers to meaning inclusiveness ， that is ，the sense relation between a more general， more inclusive word and a more specificword.8) pragmatics ： It refers to the study of language in use.9) illocutionary force ： It refers to the speaker ' s meaning ， contextual meaning ， or extra meaning.11) error analysis ： It is the study and analysis of error and is confined to the language learner.the following terms : (%x 20=10%Tran slate the followi ng terms into Chin ese: (%x 10=5% 11)interpersonal function 12) truth condition 13 ) womenregister 1 ）塞擦音 2 ）区别性特征4）生成语法 5 ）双语现象6）适切条件 7 ）结构特征 8 ）外延10 ）语言相对论Translate the following terms into English3 ） 言语 9 ）唇齿音 (%X 10=5%14) syllabification 15 ) structuralism1616-20 BDBDBIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.(1%X 15=15%1-5 FFFFF 6-10 FFFTT 11-15 FTFTFVI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give yourunderstanding of the different meanings of each sentence.1) The airplane that is flying can be very dangerous.The act of flying the airplane can be very dangerous.2) The boy saw the man who had a telescope.Using the telescope ， the boy saw the man. 1) a rticulatory2 ) writing 3) syntax4 ) contituent5 ) homograph 6) b road 7 ) context 8 ) the first letter of which is already given as a clue. (1%X 10=10%receiver 9 ) hypothesis 10 ) Speechsociolinguistics 17) argument 18 ) monophthong 19) cohesionanalysis 20 ) contrastiveIII. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which oneof the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter AB ，C orD in the brackets.(1%X 20=20% 1-5 DBCCA6-10 CDABB 11-15 BBCBA V. Fill in the blank ineach of the following statements with one word ，(% 2=5%(4%X 5=20% VII. Answer the following questions in English.6) (5 points )Language functions include informativefunction ，interpersonal function ，performative function ，emotive function ，phatic communion，recreational function and metalingual function.Examples：omitted.7) (5 points )The meaning of a sentence is abstract and de-contextualized ，while the meaning of an utterance is concrete and context-dependent. Utterance meaning is based on sentence meaning ；it is the realization ofthe abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication ，or simply in a context.8) (points )Saussure was the father of modern linguistics and he was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language isa system of sings. To communicate ideas ，signs must be part of a system of signs ，called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the signifier and the signified. He made clear the object of study for linguistics as a science. His ideas on the arbitrary nature of sign ，on the relational nature of linguistic units ，on the distinction of langue and parole and of synchronic and diachronic linguistics ，etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.9) (points )Conceptual meaning；connotative meaning ；social meaning；affective meaning ；reflected meaning ；collocative meaning ；thematic meaning；10) (4 points )Linguistics can contribute to the research in languagelearning by providing more accurate information about what language is inthe first place. Language learning researchers are concerned with how teachers should teach and learner should learn. But the questions of “ what to teach ” and “what to learn ” should be answered first. Linguistics certainly has an important role in answering these questions. Besides ，applying linguistic analysis to the description of the language produced by language learners can also facilitate out understanding of how learners actually learn language.。