动名词和不定式作主语的比较

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动名词与不定式的区别

动名词与不定式的区别

动名词与不定式的区别动名词与不定式的区别:动名词与不定式是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式,它们在构成和用法上有着明显的区别。

本文将从不同角度对动名词与不定式进行对比,帮助读者更好地理解它们之间的区别。

1. 构成:动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词,例如:doing, swimming, playing等。

而不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的结构,例如:to do, to swim, to play等。

2. 作为主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,表示一种行为或状态,例如:Swimming is good exercise. 而不定式作为主语时,常常表达一种目的或打算,例如:To learn a new language is my goal.3. 作宾语:动名词常常作为及物动词的宾语,例如:I enjoy swimming in the pool. 不定式也可以作为及物动词的宾语,例如:She wants to learn how to dance.4. 和情态动词连用:当动名词和情态动词连用时,情态动词后面必须跟动名词形式,例如:I can't stand smoking. 而不定式和情态动词连用时,情态动词后跟不定式的原形,例如:She must study hard to pass the exam.5. 表达目的:动名词常用来表达一个动作或状态的目的,例如:I went to the gym for swimming. 而不定式也可以表达目的,例如:She walked fast tocatch the bus.通过以上对比,我们可以清楚地看到动名词与不定式在用法上的区别。

在实际运用中,我们需要根据句子的语境和需要选择合适的形式,以确保句子表达准确清晰。

希望本文的对比能帮助读者更好地理解动名词与不定式之间的区别,提高英语写作和表达的能力。

不定式和动名词作主语区别

不定式和动名词作主语区别

不定式和动名词作主语的差别:(1)动名词作主语往常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示详细动作。

Smoking is prohibited(严禁)here.这里严禁吸烟。

( 抽象 )It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(详细 )(2)动名词作主语时,往常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。

不定式短语往常用来表示一件未达成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting.登山很风趣。

(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在顶峰时辰开车令人讨厌。

(经验 )To finish the task will take a long time.要达成这项任务将要花费很长时间。

(详细)(3)不定式做主语,一般用 it 当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.(4)动名词做主语常常表示一般的,一般的行为;不定式作主语经常表示某次详细的行为。

Collecting information about children's health is his job.采集相关小孩健康的信息是他的工作。

It ’ s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师议论这个问题是有必需的。

2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It ’ s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do(2)It ’ s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:It ’ s no good (use, fun) doing.It ’ s (a) waste of time one’ s doing.。

动名词做主语的动名词与不定式的区别

动名词做主语的动名词与不定式的区别

动名词做主语的动名词与不定式的区别作主语动名词通常指一个抽象动作,而做主语的不定式通常指某一次具体的动作。

It's no use crying over spilt milk,泼水难收,哭也无用(指抽象动作)。

He realized that to go on like this was no use.(指具体动作)不定式做主语表示目的,动名词做主语有表示主动之义.在狭义上讲,这2种用法是一样的意思。

意思是一模一样的。

这两种都是非谓语动词。

强调:同一个动词的不定式以及它的动名词形式做句子主语时,句子表达意思完全一样,所以不需要去钻牛角尖。

不定式做主语表目的,动名词做主语有表主动不定式作主语,表示一次特指的动作;动名词作主语,表示通常的返指不定式作主语,表示被动;动名词作主语,表示主动不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做定语的区别:不定式表示即将发生的动作, 现在分词表示现在发生的动作, 过去分词表示已经发生的动作.The building to be completed next month is our library.The building being built is our library.The building built is our library.5) 不定式, 现在分词, 过去分词做状语的区别:不定式通常表示意想不到的结果, 或有固定的句型或表示原因; 现在分词有主动的意思, 过去分词有被动完成的意思.He jumped into the river to save a child only to break his own leg.He jumped down from the burning house, breaking his legs.He was happy to see his parents in good health.Seeing his parents in good health, he was happy.The pop singer, followed by two body guards, came to meet his fans。

动名词和不定式

动名词和不定式

动名词和不定式动名词和不定式是英语语法中两个常见的非谓语动词形式。

它们在使用方式、功能和结构上有一些共同点,但也存在一些区别。

本文将就动名词和不定式进行详细介绍和比较,并探讨它们在句子中的不同用法。

一、动名词动名词是用动词的-ing形式作为名词使用。

它可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语、复合宾语等要素。

下面将从不同的角度来说明动名词的用法。

1. 动名词作主语动名词作主语时,通常表示一种习惯、经验、喜好或普遍现象等。

例如:- Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对健康有害。

)- Dancing gives her joy.(跳舞使她快乐。

)2. 动名词作宾语常见的动词后面可以接动名词作宾语,例如:- He enjoys swimming in the river.(他喜欢在河里游泳。

)- She avoids doing her homework.(她避免做她的功课。

)3. 动名词作表语动名词还可以作表语,表示主语的行为或状态。

例如:- Her favorite activity is hiking.(她最喜欢的活动是远足。

)- The key to success is working hard.(成功的关键是努力工作。

)4. 动名词作介词宾语某些动词后面接介词,再接动名词作宾语。

例如:- She is thinking about going abroad.(她正在考虑出国。

)- He apologized for not attending the meeting.(他为没有参加会议而道歉。

)5. 动名词作复合宾语当动词后面接宾语和动名词时,宾语常常是指一个动作、情感或想法,而动名词则起到具体说明或解释的作用。

例如:- I like playing basketball.(我喜欢打篮球。

)- They hate doing household chores.(他们讨厌做家务。

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较一,作主语⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首.如:To get there by bike will take us half anhour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:①It+be+名词+todoIt's ourduty totake goodcare of the old.②It takes sb+sometime+to doHowlong did ittakeyouto finish thework③It+be+形容词+forsb +to doIt isdifficultfor ustofinishwritingthecomposition inaquarter ofan hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb+to doIt isstupid of you to write down everythingthe teacher says.⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+todoIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult,easy, hard,important, impossible, necessary等;在句型④中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish, honest,kind, lazy,nice, right, silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sbis+形容词+to do句式,如:It'skind ofyou tohelpmewith myEnglish.=You arekind to help me with my English.⒉动名词作主语Learningwithout practiceisno good.动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:①It's +nogood(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…It's nogood reading in dimlight.It's nouse sitting here waiting.②It's+形容词+doingIt's dangerous swimminginthe sea inwindydays.这样用的形容词有expensive, nice,tiring等,但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit.③There isno+ doingThere isnosayingwhat willhappen next.在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It'simpossibleto…"结构.⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It's nogoodeating too muchfat.It's no good for youto eat so muchfat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It's no use your pretendingthat you didn't know the rules.二,作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask,aim,arrange, choose, decide,demand,expect,fail , help,hope,lean,long, manage, offer, pla n, prepare,pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:I decidedto ask formy money back.I decided that I wouldaskformy money back.When our visitto the farm was over, weexpectedto start back onfoot.When ourvisit tothe farm was over, we expectedthatwe would startbackon foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式.如:We think itquite important forus tolearn a foreign language well.Hefeels it his duty tohelp the poor.③介词but, except,besides+todo(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to,带to不带do.如:The enemysoldiers had no choicebut to givein.On Sunday afternoon I hadnothing to dobutwatchTV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate, consider,delay,enjoy,finish, keep, imagine,mind, miss, practise, resist,risk,save, su ggest, don't mind, give up,insist,on, put off等.如:Isuggestspending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must giveup smoking,forit does too muchharm to your health.②动名词作介词的宾语Ishould go toattend thebirthday celebration insteadof stayingat home.What aboutinvitingLiJun to make aspeech动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等.⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, s tart,hat e, like,love, need, require, want等.在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needsimproving (tobe improved). hate, love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为.在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate,like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to havea cupof c offee.②当谓语动词begin,continue,start等是进行式时,如:The students are sta rtingto work on the difficult mathsproblem.③begin,continue,start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand whatwashappening.⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:Our teachers don't permitour swimming in thelake.Ourteachers don'tpermitusto swiminthelake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.①forget, remember,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如:Don'tforget fo post the letter forme.Have youforgotten meeting herin BeijingAirportRemembertoclose thewindows before you leave.Iremember writing him a letter a year ago.Weregret to tell youthat all of you are not invited toattendthemee ting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事doing 意味着……Imeant to catchup with the early bus.This meanswastinga lotofmoney.③try to do 设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should tryto overcome your shortcomings.Tryworking outthephysics problem in anotherway.④stopto do停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport,I stopped tobuy apaper.You'd betterstoparguing and do as you are told.⑤can'thelp doing 禁不住……to do不能帮助干……They couldn't helpjumping up at the news.Sorry Ihave lots of work todo. So I can't help tomake upthe room for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He wenton to talkabout worldsituation.他接着又谈了世界形势.We'll goonfighting so long as there is oppressionin the world.⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)doing停下某事It's timeto leave off talkingand tostartacting.They leftoff to go fishing.三,做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为.①To bekind to the enemy is to be cruel to thepeople.②My chief purpose is to point out thedifficulties of the matter.③What I wouldsuggest istoput offthe meeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope,idea, mistake,plan, purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定式说明主语的内容.④Our workisserving the people.⑤What he likesis taking a walk after supper.⑥Thestorytold by Mr. Wangis interesting.④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Servingthe people is outwork, 而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来.四,作定语⒈不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如:①Thenext trainto arrive isfrom Washington.②Haveyouanythingtobe taken to your sister③Doyou have anythingto say on the question④Wouldyou please give me somepapertowrite on⑤My wishtovisitFrancehascometrueat last.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:(1)表示将来的动作(例①).(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④).(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②).(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=thatwillarrive.⒉动名词作定语①Thispassage canbe used as listening materials.②The reading room ofour schoollibrary canhold800people.③Allmoving bodies have energy.①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the schoolgate is Professor Hua. 五,不定式作补足语⒈作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相对完整.(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow,ask, advise, beg, cause,drive(强迫),encourage, expect,forbid, force,get,wouldlike(love, hate), orde r,permit, persuade, teach, tell, want,warn, wish等.如:①Wouldyou like metogive yourregards to Mary②Iwant you to understandthe whole passage clearly.(2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge,know, prove, think, suppose,see(=understand), understand等.①We all believe John(to be)honest.②I consider him(to be)oneof the bestbiology teachersof No. 1 Middle School.但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:Weconsider him to have beenfoolish.(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to.①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.②They makethe students do too much homework every day.这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are madeto do toomuch homework every day.(4)help,know后面的"to"可有可无.如:Would you pleasehelpme(to) fillin the taxformI'venever known her(to)belate before.但:He was knownto have beentoFrance before.(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:Youmay depend on them to be there early.The Party callsonus to increaseproduction andpractise economy.常这样用的短语动词有:ask for,carefor,call on, count on,dependon, waitfor, long for(渴望),prepare for, wish for等.⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如:①He was notallowedto enterthe classroomfor beinglate.②The younguniversity student is considered tohave greatpromis e.六,不定式作状语⒈作目的状语(1)①I stayed there to see what wouldhappen.②Henryhas decidedtogo to the hospitaltobe examinedby the doctor.(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如:Bobtookdown my telephone number soas(in order)not to forget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把inorder to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that, in order that,成为目的状语从句,如:I stayedthere sothat(in orderthat)I could see what would ha ppen.(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad,happy, laugh,pleased, sad,smile,sorry, surprised等.①Weare glad to hearthe news.②I was surprised to seethat athree-year-oldbabycould writeso well.在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised bythestudent isdifficult to answer.The room is really comfortable to live in.常这样用的形容词有:comfortable,easy, dangerous, difficult,expensive, fit, impossible等.⒉作结果状语We came home afterour holidayto find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如:①so…asto; such…as toI'm notso stupid(afool)as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来. I'm not suchastupidfool as to put it in writing.②enough…toThespeed ishigh enough for us tocatchup with the firstliner.③only toJanehurriedback only tofind her mother dying in the hospital.④too…toI'mtoo tired to stay up longer.但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如:①I'm onlytoogladtohave passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too 修饰glad to have…,相当于very)②Wehave toomuchtolearn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语).⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如:Totell the truth,the play wasa great disappointment tome.常见的短语有tobe exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的话),tobe sure(真的)等等.七,动词不定式,动名词的其它用法⒈疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语,宾语,表语等.如:①When to leave for Londonhas notbeen decidedyet.②Mr. Smithdidn't know whether toleaveor stay there.③I askedProfessorXu how to learnEnglishwell.④Thequestionwas wheretoget the medicineneeded.以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式.如:①When we shall leave…③…how Icould learn…经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider,decide,discover,explain, fi nd out,forget,hear, know,learn, observe, understand,wonder 等.⒉动词不定式的时态,语态(1)时态①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生.如:I hope tobecome a university student thisyear.(to become发生在hope 之后)We often hearDickplaythe pianoin the next room.(play和hear同时发生)②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.如:I'm sorry to have keptyou waiting.We aretooyoung to have seentheold society.③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如:The teacher happened to be correcting our paperswhen I came in.Theyseemed tobe discussingsomething important.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式.如:It's a great honourtobe invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)It was impossible for lost time tobe madeup.(不定式作主语)Iwishto besent towork inthecountry.(不定式作宾语)Can youtellme which is thecar to berepaired (不定式作定语)Hewenttothe hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动.如:There are still many things totakecare of(tobe taken careof).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing todo now.( We have nothing to do now.)There isnothing to be donenow.(We cando nothing now.)⒊动名词的时态,语态(1)时态①一般式:动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指,也可与谓语动词同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之前,之后.如:Weare interested in collecting stamps.I shall neverforget seeing theGreat Wall forthe firsttime.We are notafraid of dying.②完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前.如:Imaginehavingtravelled on themoon.Wewerepraised for having finishedthework ahead of time.(2)被动语态①如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者,动名词要用被动语态,动名词的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分.如:Theyoung man came in without beingnoticed.Heprided himself on having neverbeen beatenin class.②有些动词后的动名词用主动形式,但表示被动意义.如:The bike needs repairing.If a thing is worth doing, itisworthdoingwell.⒋在口语中,为避免重复,常用"to"代替不定式结构,有时甚至可以把to省略.如:①-Did you go to visit the Great Wall-No,I wanted to, buttherewasn't enoughtime.②-Wouldyoulike tocome to a party-I'd loveto.③-Don't make any mistakes in your homework, will you-I'll try not to.④-Try to bebackby12, won't you-OK,I'll try.另外,be goingto, ought to,usedto等也常用于这一结构中.⒌在why引起的问句中,省略"to".如:Why spend such alot of moneyWhy not waitfora coupleof days⒍当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时,只在第一个不定式前加"to".如:It'squite necessaryfor usto read more andhave more practice.⒎"to"在下列短语中是"介词",后接动名词或名词形式.如:devote…to, face up to(勇敢地面对),lookforward to(盼望),object to(反对),take to(养成习惯,对……感兴趣;开始从事某种活动),be used to(习惯于)等. 含有:不定式:liketo do sth 喜欢做某事(有时)want to do sth想要做某事wantsbtodosth 想要某人做某事turn tosb for help求助于某人(这算不定式?)helpsb (to)dosth帮助某人做某事It is dangerous to do sth 做……是危险的wantto be希望从事什么职业stop to dosth 停下来去做某事remember to do sth记得去做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事love to do sth 喜爱做某事would liketo do sth 想要做某事wouldlike sb to do sth 想要某人做某事(I would=I'd)practice doing sth 练习做某事spend(time/money)in doingsth花时间或钱做某事spend补充spend...onsth在某物上花多少钱go todosth去做某事watch sbdo sth (省略to)看见某人做某事(全过程)It's time todosth做……事的时间到了(=It's time for sth)decide todosth 决定做某事agree to dosth 同意做某事have to dosth 不得不做某事动名词like doing sth喜欢做某事(经常)enjoydoingsth 喜欢做某事be busydoingsth忙于做某事(=bebusydoingsth)be doing sth (现在进行时)thank sb for doing sth 谢某人做了某事(=thank sbforsth)remember doing sth记得做过某事forget doing sth 忘记去做某事stop doing sth停止做某事huanfun doing sth做某事有乐趣do some +V.ing做某事What about doing sth 做某事怎么样?(=How about doingsth)watchsb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事find sb/sthdoing sth 发现某人/物在做某事(这个有点疑问,参考书上说强调结果,一般不用进行时态?)discussdoing sth 讨论做某事godoing去做某事What do you think of doing sth你认为做某事怎么样?原形letsbdo sth让某人做某事make sb dosth让某人做某事help sb (to)dosth 帮助某人做某事1、动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。

动名词和不定式作主语的比较

动名词和不定式作主语的比较

动名词和不定式作主语的比较在中学英语课本中,动名词和不定式作主语的句子较为常见,但它们的含义有所不同。

现在将动名词和不定型式作主语的含义、位置及习惯用法分述如下:一、动名词和不定式作主语的含义一般来说,动名词作主语表示一种抽象的和泛指的动作,而不定式作主语则表示一次性的、具体的动作。

换句话说,动名词作主语通常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,而不定式作主语往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。

例如:Lying is wrong.(泛指lying的做法或作风)To lie is wrong.(对于说谎者是谁,说话人心中是有所指的)To live in Beijing is the height of Tom’s ambition.(对某个特定的动作执行者而言)Swimming is good exercise.(指游泳这项运动)二、动名词和不定式作主语的位置1.动名词作主语通常有两种位置,一种是把动名词直接置于主语的位置。

例如:Saying is easier than doing.Seeing is believing.Crossing the Atlantis(大西洋)by plane takes only a few hours.第二种是用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词置于句末。

这通常用于某些形容词或名词之后。

例如:It’s interesting planning a holiday.It’s rather tiring walking around in a city.It’s fun having guests for the weekend.We don’t think it’s a bore doing the same kind of work every day.动名词作主语的上述两种位置有时可以互换,但第一种形式比第二种形式的泛指意义更强些。

例如:Lining in Beijing must be wonderfulIt must be wonderful living in Beijing2.不定式作主语通常也有两种位置,与动名词作主语时的位置相同,即第一种是把不定式作直接置于句首担任主语。

动词的不定式与动名词的区别

动词的不定式与动名词的区别

动词的不定式与动名词的区别动词的不定式(infinitive)和动名词(gerund)是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。

尽管在形式上它们有一些相似之处,但在用法和含义上有明显的区别。

本文将详细介绍动词的不定式和动名词的区别,以便读者更好地理解和运用它们。

一、形式上的区别1. 动词的不定式通常由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:to learn,to eat,to go等。

2. 动名词则是在动词原形后面直接加上-ing,例如:learning,eating,going等。

二、用法上的区别1. 主语的区别:a) 不定式作为主语:不定式一般用作主语时,表示一种抽象的行为、概念或目的。

例如:- To learn a new language is challenging.(学一门新语言很有挑战性。

)b) 动名词作为主语:动名词用作主语时,表示一种具体的、实际的行为或活动。

例如:- Reading helps expand your vocabulary.(阅读有助于扩大你的词汇量。

)2. 宾语的区别:a) 不定式作为宾语:不定式可以作为及物动词或不及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:want,hope,decide等。

例如: - She wants to learn Chinese.(她想学中文。

)b) 动名词作为宾语:动名词一般用作及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:enjoy,like,dislike等。

例如:- He enjoys swimming in the ocean.(他喜欢在海里游泳。

)3. 表语的区别:a) 不定式作为表语:不定式可以用作表语,通常用于表示完成、未来或可能性等。

例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。

)b) 动名词作为表语:动名词不常用作表语。

4. 定语的区别:a) 不定式作为定语:不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语,常用于表示目的、原因或解释等。

不定式,动名词和分词的区别

不定式,动名词和分词的区别

不定式和动名词作主语区别1.含义上的不同。

不定式一般表示特定的,具体的行为,特别是表示将来的,或一次性的行为。

如:To write a new book about medicine is his wish. 写一部医学方面的新书是他的愿望。

(将来的动作) It took me two hours to finish this work today. (表示一次性的动作)动名词表示一般的事实Raising pigs is her job. 养猪是她的工作。

2. 结构上的不同。

在一些固定的句子中动名词It’s no use doing It is useless doing 做……无用It’s no good doing It’s no help doing 做……无用,无益There be 句型 There is no joking about such matter.不定式It isn’t easy to do I have no time to do不定式复合结构 It is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do It is very kind of you to help me.代词+不定式结构 Mary’s coming late made him angry.疑问词+不定式 Where to hold the meeting has not been decided.It’s time for sb to do3. 主语和表语同时使用要一致To live is to learn.Reading is learning.不定式、动名词和分词作表语区别1.动名词和不定式相当于一个名词,分词相当于一个形容词。

2.不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。

不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语,含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,含义是回答主语“怎么样”。

如:① Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。

不定式和动名词作主语的区别和用法

不定式和动名词作主语的区别和用法

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不定式与动名词作主语的比较

不定式与动名词作主语的比较

不定式与动名词作主语的比较1.不定式与动名词作主语时,其意义没有多大差别,一般可以互换。

e.g. It’s a pleasure to meet you.It’s a pleasure meeting you.2. 但在实际使用中,其选择取舍,主要依据以下原则:(1)不定式作主语一般表示某个特定的、比较具体的动作;而动名词作主语则表示某个抽象的、泛指的动作。

e.g. It is bad manners to stare at a foreign guest.Learning a foreign language is very useful to me.(2)在口语中,用动名词作主语置于句首的情况较不定式多。

(3)在疑问句中,一般用动名词的复合结构作主语,不用不定式的复合结构作主语。

e.g. Does our saying that mean anything to him.(正)Does for us to say that mean anything to him.(误)我们说这话,对他能起作用吗?(4)在句型It is +表示否定的形容词(-less)或名词(no good, no use)后,一般多用动名词作主语。

E.g. It’s useless studying English without practice.It’s no use talking about it.(5)在“there be”结构中,用动名词作主语,而不用不定式。

e.g. There is no holding back the wheels of history.(6)在“主-系-表”结构中,主语和表语所采用的非谓语形式要一致,即:表语是不定式时,主语也用不定式;表语是动名词时,主语也用动名词。

e.g. To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.。

不定式与动名词作主语的区别和用法

不定式与动名词作主语的区别和用法

不定式与动名词作主语的区别和用法不定式和动名词作为主语在语法上有着一些区别和不同的用法。

了解这些区别和用法可以帮助我们更好地运用它们。

首先,不定式作为主语时,常常表示一个具体的动作、行为或目的。

不定式的构成是:to + 动词原形。

例如:- To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。

)- To learn a new language requires patience.(学习一门新语言需要耐心。

)不定式作为主语通常在句子的开头,并且后面需要有一个谓语动词来完成句子的结构。

接下来,动名词作为主语时,常常表示一种抽象的概念、习惯或兴趣。

动名词的构成是:动词的现在分词形式(动词原形+ing)。

例如:- Cooking is her favorite hobby.(烹饪是她最喜欢的爱好。

)- Singing in the shower makes me happy.(在淋浴时唱歌使我快乐。

)动名词作为主语通常在句子的开头,后面也需要有一个谓语动词来完整句子的结构。

此外,有一些动词后面只能跟不定式作为主语,而不能使用动名词作为主语,例如:hope, decide, want等。

例如:- I hope to visit Paris one day.(我希望有一天能够参观巴黎。

)- She decided to change her career.(她决定改变自己的职业。

)然而,有些动词则只能跟动名词作为主语,例如:enjoy, dislike, avoid等。

例如:- I enjoy swimming in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋中游泳。

)- He dislikes cleaning the house.(他不喜欢打扫房子。

)总结一下,不定式和动名词作为主语的区别和用法在于:不定式更常表示具体的动作或目的,动名词更常表示抽象的概念或习惯;有些动词只能跟不定式作为主语,而有些动词只能跟动名词作为主语。

动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别?

动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别?

动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别?动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别:
1. 动词不定式通常表⽰具体的,实际的,确切的某个事情,⽽动名词通常表⽰抽象、⼀般的事情:、
To complete the program needs much effort.
Riding a bike can make a man smart
2. 疑问句中通常⽤动名词短语作主语
Is his speaking reasonable?
3. 在⼀些习惯⽤语中,固定搭配中,⽤动名词⽽不⽤动词不定式
it is no use talking your trouble to a man like him.
it is worthwhile doing this
4. 通常主语和表语应该⽤相同的形式,如都⽤不定式或都⽤动名词
Seeing is believing
但是,在现代英语中,当表语⽤来解释或说明主语的意思或含义的时候,主语⽤动名词,⽽表语⽤不定式: Waving your hand is to say 'Good-Bye'.
"Nodding your head" is to say "Yes".。

高中英语---不定式和动名词做主语的区别

高中英语---不定式和动名词做主语的区别

不定式和动名词作主语的区别非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分,如主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语。

非谓语动词中,不定式和动名词都可以做主语,也都可以借助于it把不定式和动名词移到句子后面。

一般来说,不定式作主语,表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作;动名词作主语,表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行。

如:Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟.(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)通常只用不定式作主语的5种情况:1.It is necessary/important /impossible/ difficult…(for sb. ) to do sth. 句型如:It is necessary for us to master a foreign language. 我们有必要掌握一门外语2.It is kind /foolish/clever/stupid/nice/rude/careless/friendly…(of sb. ) to do sth . 句型,形容词常修饰人的特征如: It is very kind of you to help us. 你帮助我们真是太好了3. It takes/cost/require/make sb./sth. to do sth. 句型如It took me two hours to finish the work. 我完成那项工作用了两小时4.不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等连用,在句子中做主语如:Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. 是否去做还没有决定5.主语被否定时如:Not to have hope is the poorest of all conditions. 绝望是最糟糕的事通常只用动名词用主语的6种情况:1.含形容词的句子,It is good/foolish/wonderful/ useless/ difficult /nice doing句型中如: It is useless try again. 再试也没用2.含名词的句子,It is no fun/luck/pleasure/relief/mistake/pain/use/good句型中如: It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地等待是没有用的3. There is no (use/help/need) doing sth句型如: There is no knowing what may happen in that case.如果那样的话不知道会发生什么事4.在疑问句中如:Is doing morning exercises good for your health? 做早操对身体有益处吗?5.在某些动词的被动式前如: Walking on the grass is forbidden. 禁止在这草地上行走。

不定式和动名词做主语的区别

不定式和动名词做主语的区别

不定式和动名词做主语的区别
不定式和动名词都可在句子中作主语,一般说来, 有下面几点须给予注意:
(1) 不定式一般表示具体的、特定的行为;而动名词一般表示抽象的、一般的行为。

如:To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。

Riding a bike can make a man smart. 骑单车能使一个人敏捷。

(2)不定式作主语时通常位于句首,也可把引导词it放在句首作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在后面。

句型为:It is +adj/n.+for/of sb to do sth。

不定式通常有逻辑主语
例:It’s not easy for me to answer this question.对我来说回答这个问题不容易。

当表语形容词表示的是逻辑主语的性质或特征时,介词用of。

例:It's very kind of you to do so.你这样做真是太善良了。

(3)在疑问句中,只能用动名词的复合结构作主语。

如:
Is his speaking reasonable? 她的说话有道理吗?
(4) 在某些句型中通常要用动名词短语作主语。

如:It is no use doing…/ It is no good doing…/ It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhile doing…如:
It is no use talking your trouble to a man like him. 跟他那样的人谈你的烦恼没有用。

动名词的用法与不定式的区别

动名词的用法与不定式的区别

动名词的用法与不定式的区别动名词和不定式都是英语中常见的非谓语动词形式,但它们在用法上有一些区别。

动名词的用法1. 作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语。

- 例:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

)2. 作宾语:动名词可以作为动词的宾语。

- 例:I enjoy reading novels.(我喜欢读小说。

)3. 作介词的宾语:动名词可以作为介词的宾语。

- 例:He is good at playing the guitar.(他擅长弹吉他。

)4. 作动词的宾语:某些动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。

- 例:I can't help crying when I watch sad movies.(当我看悲伤的电影时,忍不住哭泣。

)5. 作状语:动名词可以作为句子的状语。

- 例:She left the room, slamming the door behind her.(她离开房间时关上了门。

)不定式的用法1. 作目的状语:不定式可以表示一个动作或一个状态的目的。

- 例:I went to the bookstore to buy a new book.(我去书店买了一本新书。

)2. 作方式状语:不定式可以表示动作的方式和方法。

- 例:He opened the door to let fresh air in.(他打开门让新鲜的空气回来。

)3. 作结果状语:不定式可以表示一个动作或一个状态的结果。

- 例:She studied hard to pass the exam.(她努力研究以通过考试。

)4. 作定语:不定式可以修饰名词或代词。

- 例:I have a book to read tonight.(我今晚有本书要读。

)5. 作宾语:某些动词后面只能跟不定式作宾语。

- 例:I want to go on vacation.(我想去度假。

)总结动名词和不定式在用法上有一些区别。

动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别

动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别

⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It's no good eating too much fat.It's no good for you to eat so much fat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.,作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式.如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介词but, except, besides +to do(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.如:I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.②动名词作介词的宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等.⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want等.在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为.在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate, like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand whatwas happening.⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.①forget, remember, regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如:Don't forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing AirportRemember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事doing 意味着……I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.③try to do 设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.⑤can't help doing 禁不住……to do不能帮助干……They couldn't help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势.We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)doing停下某事It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.They left off to go fishing.三,做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为.①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定式说明主语的内容.④Our work is serving the people.⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is out work, 而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来.四,作定语⒈不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如:①The next train to arrive is from Washington.②Have you anything to be taken to your sister③Do you have anything to say on the question④Would you please give me some paper to write on⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:(1)表示将来的动作(例①).(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④).(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②).(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive.⒉动名词作定语①This passage can be used as listening materials.②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.③All moving bodies have energy.①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.五,不定式作补足语⒈作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相对完整.(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.如:①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.(2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose,see(=understand), understand等.①We all believe John(to be)honest.②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish.(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to.①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.②They make the students do too much homework every day.这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day.(4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无.如:Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax formI've never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to have been to France before.(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:You may depend on them to be there early.The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.常这样用的短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等.⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如:①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.②The young university student is considered to have great promise.六,不定式作状语⒈作目的状语(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如:Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it.有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that, in order that, 成为目的状语从句,如:I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等.①We are glad to hear the news.②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.The room is really comfortable to live in.常这样用的形容词有:comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等.⒉作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如:①so…as to; such…as toI'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来.I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.②enough…t oThe speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.③only toJane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.④too…toI'm too tired to stay up longer.但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如:①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too修饰glad to have…,相当于very)②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语).⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如:To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的话),to be sure(真的)等等.七,动词不定式,动名词的其它用法⒈疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语,宾语,表语等.如:①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.④The question was where to get the medicine needed.以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式.如:①When we shall leave…③…how Icould learn…经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonder等.⒉动词不定式的时态,语态(1)时态①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生.如:I hope to become a university student this year.(to become发生在hope之后)We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.(play和hear同时发生)②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.如:I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如:The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用)want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事turn to sb for help 求助于某人(这算不定式?)help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事It is dangerous to do sth 做……是危险的want to be 希望从事什么职业stop to do sth 停下来去做某事remember to do sth 记得去做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事love to do sth 喜爱做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事(I would= I'd)practice doing sth 练习做某事spend(time/money) in doing sth 花时间或钱做某事spend补充spend...on sth 在某物上花多少钱go to do sth 去做某事watch sb do sth (省略to)看见某人做某事(全过程)It's time to do sth 做……事的时间到了(=It's time for sth)decide to do sth 决定做某事agree to do sth 同意做某事have to do sth 不得不做某事动名词like doing sth 喜欢做某事(经常)enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事(=be busy doing sth)be doing sth (现在进行时)thank sb for doing sth 谢某人做了某事(=thank sb for sth)remember doing sth 记得做过某事forget doing sth 忘记去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事huan fun doing sth 做某事有乐趣do some +V.ing 做某事What about doing sth 做某事怎么样?(=How about doing sth)watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事find sb/sth doing sth 发现某人/物在做某事(这个有点疑问,参考书上说强调结果,一般不用进行时态?)discuss doing sth 讨论做某事go doing 去做某事What do you think of doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样?原形let sb do sth 让某人做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事。

不定式和动名词的区别

不定式和动名词的区别

不定式和动名词的区别和联系1)动名词与不定式的区别:动名词表达的是:状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的不定式表达的是:目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的不定式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但用法不尽相同。

一、作主语一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。

但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。

例如:To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。

Saving money is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。

[真题回放]1. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed二、作宾语有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语;有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语;有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可,但意思不同,另外还要熟记下面几点:1)下列短语中的to是介词,其后跟动名词,不跟不定式。

be(get) used to习惯于;look forward to盼望;pay attention to注意;get down to开始认真做;lead to通向、导致;prefer doing ... to doing ...宁愿做……而不愿做……;stick to坚持;devote one’s life(time, oneself) to献身于、致力于;object to反对;in addition to ...除……之外;on the way to ...在去……的路上、正要成为……;等等。

2)不定式除可用在except, but, besides等后作宾语之外,一般不用作介词宾语。

动名词与不定式的区别与运用

动名词与不定式的区别与运用

动名词与不定式的区别与运用在英语语法中,动名词(gerund)和不定式(infinitive)是两种常见的名词形式,它们在使用和意义上有一些区别。

本文将详细介绍动名词和不定式的特点、用法和运用场景。

一、动名词的特点与用法1. 动名词的构成:动名词由动词+ing构成,具有名词的性质。

2. 作主语:动名词可作为句子的主语,在句中表示一种行为或状态。

例:Swimming is a good exercise.(游泳是一项好的运动。

)3. 作宾语:动名词可作及物动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者。

例:I enjoy dancing on weekends.(我喜欢周末跳舞。

)4. 作介词宾语:动名词常常作为介词的宾语,表示介词所指的动作或状态。

例:She is thinking about buying a new car.(她正在考虑买辆新车。

)5. 作某些特定动词的宾语:某些动词后只能接动名词作宾语。

例如:admit, avoid, consider, recommend, discuss等。

例:He suggested going to the cinema.(他建议去看电影。

)二、不定式的特点与用法1. 不定式的构成:不定式由to + 动词原形构成,具有名词、形容词或副词的性质。

2. 作主语:不定式可作为句子的主语,常用于表示抽象的概念、信念或理想。

例:To learn a foreign language requires patience and perseverance.(学习一门外语需要耐心和毅力。

)3. 作宾语:不定式可作及物动词的宾语,常与动词一起构成某些固定搭配。

例:She promised to help me with my homework.(她答应帮我做作业。

)4. 作目的状语:不定式可表示动作、状态的目的或用途。

例:I went to the store to buy some groceries.(我去商店买些杂货。

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动名词和不定式作主语的比较语法自助餐贵州盘江煤电集团公司高中李进才在中学英语课本中,动名词和不定式作主语的句子较为常见,但它们的含义有所不同。

现在将动名词和不定型式作主语的含义、位置及习惯用法分述如下:一、动名词和不定式作主语的含义一般来说,动名词作主语表示一种抽象的和泛指的动作,而不定式作主语则表示一次性的、具体的动作。

换句话说,动名词作主语通常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起,而不定式作主语往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。

例如:Lying is wrong.(泛指lying的做法或作风)To lie is wrong.(对于说谎者是谁,说话人心中是有所指的)To live in Beijing is the height of Tom’s ambition.(对某个特定的动作执行者而言)Swimming is good exercise.(指游泳这项运动)二、动名词和不定式作主语的位置1.动名词作主语通常有两种位置,一种是把动名词直接置于主语的位置。

例如:Saying is easier than doing.Seeing is believing.Crossing the Atlantis(大西洋)by plane takes only a few hours.第二种是用it作形式主语,把作真正主语的动名词置于句末。

这通常用于某些形容词或名词之后。

例如:It’s interesting planning a holiday.I t’s rather tiring walking around in a city.It’s fun having guests for the weekend.We don’t think it’s a bore doing the same kind of work every day.动名词作主语的上述两种位置有时可以互换,但第一种形式比第二种形式的泛指意义更强些。

例如:Lining in Beijing must be wonderfulIt must be wonderful living in Beijing2.不定式作主语通常也有两种位置,与动名词作主语时的位置相同,即第一种是把不定式作直接置于句首担任主语。

例如:To learn English is not an easy thing.To be here is a great pleasure.To remember to cut off the electricity is important.To hesitate is a pity.不定式作主语的这种形式一般用得不多。

现代英语倾向于用it 作形式主语,把不定式置于句末。

例如:It’s a pity to hesitate.It took(us )five hours to get here.It made me happy to find Mary there.It needed hard work to finish the job.注意:(1)如果主语和表语都是不定式,则只能采用第一种形式。

例如:To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To see is to believe.(2)如果是疑问句或感叹句,则只能采用第二种形式。

例如:What is it like to be there?How long did it take you to finish the work?What a joy it was to read Barbara’s book!三、动名词和不定式作主语的习惯用法虽然动名词和不定式都可以作主语,但以下几种情况时,人们习惯用动名词,而不用不定式。

1.主语与表语一致,即当表语是动名词时,主语也要用动名词;当表语是不定式时,主语也要用不定式。

Teaching is learning.(= To teach is to learn)Seeing is believing2.在“There BE+no+主语”这种结构中,通常用动名词作主语,而不用不定式。

这种结构表示“不可能、无法”,相当于“It is impossible to do sth”。

例如:There is no getting along with him.(=It is impossible to get along with him.)There is no joking about it.注意:本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替。

例如:The man is a bore,but there is not any getting him away.There is never any telling what will happen in the future.3.当use,good,waste,bore,fun,shame,encouragement,misery等名词作表语时,通常用it作形式主语,把作为真正主语的动名词后置。

例如:It’s no use talking to him again.It’s no good(your)refusing to do it.It is a waste of time trying to reason with him.It’s a bore doing the same kind of work every day.It’s fun having guests for the weekend.It’s such an encouragement being able to pass all the exams.注意:“It’s no use /good+动名词”这种结构可改成“There BE+no+use /good+动名词”结构。

例如:It’s no use talking to him again .= There is no use talking to him again.It’s no good(your)refusing to do it .= There is no good(your)refusing to do it.4.当,interesting,tiring,terrible,nice,better,foolish,enjoyable,worthwhile,useless,dangerous等形容词作表语时,通常也用it作形式主语,把作为真正主语的动名词后置,例如:It is dangerous risking climbing a tree.It’s terrible not being allowed to smoke at all.It’s interesting planning a holiday.It’s nice talking with y ou,John.注意:important,necessary,possible,impossible,essential等形容词不适用于上述结构。

例如,不能说:It’s important learning foreign languages.应改为:It’s important to learn foreign languages.5.在疑问句中,多用动名词的复合结构做主语,而不用不定式的复合结构。

例如:Isn’t our saying so right?Isn’t his leaving l ike that strange?1.动词不定式的用法1)作主语。

如:①To build the Great Wall took them many years.建成万里长城花费他们许多年时间。

②To play tricks on others is wrong. 捉弄别人是不对的。

▲动词不定式作主语常常用先行代词it替代,称之为先行主语或形式主语,而将真正的主语--------动词不定式放在后面。

上面两句可分别改写为:①It took them many years to build the Great Wall.②It is wrong to play tricks on others.▲如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语。

如:③It will be a mistake for us not to help them. 我们不帮助他是错误的。

▲某些形容词如 kind, good, nice, wise, clever, silly, wrong, foolish, stupid, right, careless, rude, considerate 等作表语时,不定式前常可加一个of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。

如:④It is awfully good of you to come and see me off. 非常感谢你来送我们。

2)作宾语。

某些动词如 decide, hope, want, wish, learn, afford, agree, determine, expect, fail, manage, offer, refuse, prefer, promise, pretend, require, choose等通常用动词不定式而不用动词-ing形式做宾语。

如:①I can't afford to buy a car. 我买不起小汽车。

②He offered to help us. 他主动提出帮助我们。

▲有些动词如 tell, advise, show, teach, learn, decide, forget, find out等常接一个带连接代词或连接副词的不定式作宾语。

如:①No one could tell me where to get the book. 没有人能告诉我在哪里能买到这本书。

▲某些复合宾语中,可以先用it作形式宾语代表动词不定式,而把不定式放到后面去。

如:②I found it necessary to argue with him about it.我觉得有必要和他讨论此事。

③The teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class.老师规定课堂上只能讲英语。

3)作宾语补足语。

有些动词如 ask, tell, order, cause, allow, want, like,advise, force, permit, oblige, get, beg, wish, expect, warn, encourage 等用名词或代词作宾语,后面再用动词不定式作宾语补足语,说明作宾语的名词或代词的行为。

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