2020届中考英语语法专练：宾语从句讲解及配套真题专练

2020届中考语法专练之宾语从句讲解及配套真题专练宾语从句在中考中主要考查：宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的语序及宾语从句时态对应及反义疑问句等。

1. 宾语从句的引导词

(1)宾语从句的引导词有三种：

1）that；

2）whether/ if；

3）特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等。

He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。

Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.

你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。

Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？

你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？

(2). that引导的宾语从句：

that引导的宾语从句的特征：

1）一般都是由陈述句充当，

2）引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，

3)that可以省略，

Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？

He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。

(3) whether或if引导的宾语从句：

whether或if引导的宾语从句的特征：

1）语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。

2）whether和if意为“是否”。

Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.

请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。

I don’t care whether you like the story or not.

我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。

3）只用whether不用if。

1) 接带to的动词不定式。

2)与or not连用时。

She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。

I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来，我说不准。

(3) 特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：

1)此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，

2)由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词在从句中做主，宾，表，定，并不能省略

3）where, when, how, why等连接副词，做状语，不能省略。

Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?

请问我们得走哪个门？

He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.

他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。

2. 宾语从句的语序

由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。

Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →Can you tell us where your father works?

Did you get home very late? He asked me. → He asked me if I got home very late.

3. 宾语从句的时态对应

(1) 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。

My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）

我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。

My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）

My teacher s ays he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）

我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。

(2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。

My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）

My father said the he had already seen the movie. （过去完成时）

注意：如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。

Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般现在时）

4. 宾语从句的反义疑问句

主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：

I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they？

I don’t believe he did this, did he?

1. –Excuse me, could you tell me ___________?(2019.江苏淮安)

A. when he was born

B. how far is it from here

C. what does he look like

D. where he leaves for yesterday

2. — Did you notice ________________in her office? (2019.北京)

— Yes. She was going over our writing.

A. what was Miss Lin doing

B. what Miss Lin was doing

C. what does Miss Lin do

D. what Miss Lin does

3. —Tom, do you know ____?(2019甘肃兰州)

—In Beijing.

A.where will the 24th Winter Olympics be held

B.where the 24th Winter Olympics will hold

C.where the 24th Winter Olympics will be held

D.where will the 24th Winter Olympics hold

4. The teacher asked Li Hua. (2019甘肃天水)

A. why is he late for class

B. why he is late for class