利弊分析类作文结构

一、什么是利弊分析类作文

利弊分析类作文一般是要求考生针对某一事物或话题的两个方面（如利和弊、好处和害处、优点和缺点）进行分析。命题中一般是要求考生在第一部分描述要论述的中心事物或话题，指出其利弊；在第二部分详细阐述其“利”的一面和“弊”的一面；最后在第三部分得出结论、总结全文或给出建议。

此类作文在近年来的真题中都没有出现过，考生熟悉其写法即可。

例（1995年）

SECTION A COMPOSITION

［35 MIN ］Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part state clearly your viewpoint on both the advantages and disadvantages.

In the second part support your viewpoint with details or examples.

In the last part bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.

类型分析：命题中没有指定题目，但明确要求分析兼职工作的利和弊，由此可判断本文应为利弊分析类作文。

二、结构公式陈列

第一段——提出观点

① 简述要讨论的主题。② Some people 持肯定态度。③ Howeverothers持否定态度。④ In my opinion/From my point of view.主题has both advantages and disadvantages./can be beneficial or harmful.

第一段——提出观点

先简要描述要讨论的主题，然后指出人们对其利弊的不同看法，之后引出我的看法，即该主题有利有弊。

第二段——分析利弊

① On the one hand/Admittedly/No doubt总体引出对利的阐述。② Firstl y具体阐述利一。③ Secondly具体阐述利二。④ On the other hand/However总体引出对弊的阐述。⑤ For example/The most serious one of them is 具体阐述弊一。⑥ Besides具体阐述弊二。

第二段——分析利弊

本段主要是分别对其利和弊进行详细阐述。先阐述其利的一面，然后转折引出其弊的一面。阐述时要注意客观，利和弊所占篇幅不能过于悬殊。

第三段——总结观点

① Through the above analysis/From the fo regoingwe can see clearly that 主题 has positive aspects as well as negative ones.② 提出建议或希望。

第三段——总结观点

自然得出结论，再次强调其利弊。最后提出自己的建议或希望。

三、结构公式真题演示

例（1995年）

SECTION A COMPOSITION

［35 MIN ］Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take a part-time job in their spare time.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part state clearly your viewpoint on both the advantages and disadvantages.

In the second part support your viewpoint with details or examples.

In the last part bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary or a suggestion.

参考范文

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Taking Part-time Jobs

① Nowadays it has become fashionable for college students to take part-time jobs in their spare time.② Some people think this is a good trend.③ Howeverothers say taking part-time jobs will influence college students'normal study.④ From my point of viewtaking part-time jobs has advantages as well as disadvantages.

思路点拨

第一段——提出观点：先总述做兼职在大学生中很流行，然后指出人们对此有不同的态度，由此引出我的观点：兼职工作有利也有弊。

① No doubtcollege students can benefit a lot from doing part-time jobs.② Firstlyit may relieve the economic burden on their families and help them grow independent.③ Secondlycollege students have an opportunity to display their capabilities and apply what they have learnt to practice.④ Howevertaking part-time jobs has negative impacts on college students.⑤ The most serious one of them is that it may occupy much of the study time and distract their attention.⑥ Besidesthe working environment of some part-time jobs is complexwhere young college students might meet ill-intentioned persons or be influenced by unhealthy ways and customs.

第二段——分析利弊：先分析兼职工作的利：第一，可以缓解家庭经济负担、增强独立性；第二，可以有机会展示能力、将知识应用于实践。然后转折开始分析兼职工作的弊：第一，可能会占用许多学习时间、分散精力；第二，一些兼职工作的工作环境比较复杂，大学生可能会遇到坏人或受不良风气的影响。

① From the foregoingwe can see clearly that doing part-time jobs has both positive and negative aspects for college students.② ThereforeI suggest that college students should strike a balance between their study and part-time jobs.

第三段——总结观点：自然得出结论，再次强调兼职工作有利有弊。最后提出建议：大学生应该平衡好兼职工作和学习。

四、典型作文操练

练习一