考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(经济管理类)【圣才出品】
考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译
考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译考研英语经济类阅读理解及原文翻译：OPTIONS AHOYWhy investors like Korean blue chipsDESPITE the world economic downturn, South Koreas stockmarket has this year outperformed those of all other countries bar Russia. Its composite stock price index (Kospi) has risen by more than 25% since January 1st. The rally, which has been driven by foreign buying, is expected to continue next year, for two reasons: encouraging economic fundamentals, and the introduction of derivatives so beloved of the worlds hedge funds.On January 28th next year the Korea Stock Exchange is due to introduce option contracts on the shares of seven listed companies: SK Telecom, Korea Electric Power, Korea Telecom, Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor, Pohang Iron Steel and Kookmin Bank. And as early as July, the Financial Supervisory Commission is expected to allow investment banks to sell over-the-counter derivatives, such as equity or interest-rate swaps. Trading volume on the exchange will increase accordingly, says Lee Wonki at Merrill Lynch. Foreigners hold nearly 90 trillion won ($70 billion) of Korean shares, 37% of the market. Their slice of the trading of Kospi 200 index futures and options rose to 10% this year, from about 5% a year ago. But the Kospi index, covering 200 companies, is not the best way to hedge foreign portfolios, which are invested mainly in the seven blue-chipshares. Yet derivatives alone will not sustain Korean equities unless the economy turns around. There are signs that it has reached bottom, with real GDP estimated to have grown by at least 2.8% this year (slower than last year but higher than earlier forecasts of 2% or less). Jin Nyum, the finance minister, predicts that, although exports may suffer next year if the Japanese yen continues to fall, domestic demand and public spending will help real GDP to grow near to the countrys full potential of 5%.Some analysts argue that the recent market rise has been caused by investors blind faith in bank and technology shares. The latter rallied last month, but then hesitated as Micron, an American memory-chip maker, blew hot and cold on taking a stake in or allying with Hynix, Koreas debt-laden maker of memory chips.Nevertheless, the rally is likely to continue, says Koh Wonjong, of SG Securities in Seoul. That is because South Koreas industries are more diversified--into information technology, cars, shipbuilding, steel and services--than those of other Asian countries. In Taiwan, telecoms, media and technology shares account for 80% of the market.The restructuring of some big companies, such as Hynix and Daewoo Motor, remains incomplete, as does bank reform. But the past four years of financial and corporate change may soon pay off. For many companies, balance-sheet problems have turned into the need to measure profits, a far more welcome task.Economist; 12/22/2001, Vol. 361 Issue 8253, p86, 1/2p, 1 graph词汇注释bar prep. 除…之外rally n. 重整;(市场价格) 回升，跌后复升;恢复健康; 振作精神;集会, 大会;汽车赛会over-the-counter【证券】 (不通过交易所)买卖双方直接交易的，场外交易的(每位买者或卖者都是经过协议与议价来达成股票的买卖)option n. 选择权, [经]买卖的特权interest-rate swap 利率掉期;利率调期won [wCn] n. [sing., pl. ]圆(南北朝鲜的货币单位)index futures 指数期货hedge n. [经]对冲blow hot and cold (on, about) 出尔反尔;三心二意; 反复无常; 拿不定主意stake [steIk] n. (木头或金属的)柱，桩;股份;利害关系have [take] a stake in sth. 与某事有利害关系，与…休戚相关debt-laden 债台高筑的pay off 还清;偿清;报复;偿还;结清工资解雇(某人);成功参考译文选择权在招手为什么投资者对韩国蓝筹股情有独钟?尽管世界经济不景气, 但今年南韩的股市行情却比除俄国以外其他国家的股市都好。
翻译硕士(MTI)211翻译硕士英语阅读理解高分特训100篇-多项选择-◇文学传记类【圣才出品】
2.1 多项选择◇文学传记类Passage 1 题材：文学传记类字数：548Two hundred years ago the English poet William Wordsworth wrote “I wander’d lonely as a cloud”, a poem that expresses a basic spirit of the early English Romanticism. It was Thursday, 15th April 1802, William and Dorothy Wordsworth, the poet’s devoted, journal-writing sister, were walking home to Dove Cottage in the Lake District. The wind was fierce, but the Wordsworth siblings were used to striding long distances in foul weather. They were in the woods close to the water side when they first clapped eyes on a field of daffodils “fluttering and dancing in the bre eze”.What makes this poem an example of Romantic thinking? It isn’t just that Wordsworth chooses to write about a natural scene: it is the way he describes the scene as if it had human emotions. For him, nature is not merely a neutral mixture of scenery, colours, plants, rocks, soil, water and air. It is a driving force that feels joy and sadness, shares human pain and even tries to educate us human beings by showing us the beauty of life.Wordsworth’s home, Dove Cottage, is now one of the most popular destinations in the Lake District. You can go on a tour of the garden which William planted with wild flowers and which survived in his back yard even after theydisappeared from the area. “He always said that if he hadn’t been a poet, he would have been a te rrific landscape gardener,” says Allan King of the Wordsworth Trust, the organization that looks after the cottage and gardens.The Lake District in the north west of England becomes particularly crowded during the summer months with tourists and ramblers eager to enjoy the region’s majestic valleys, hills and sparkling lakes. Wordsworth himself was far from keen on tourists, which was quite apparent. He wanted outsiders to admire the local sights he enjoyed so much, but was afraid the district might be “damaged” by too many visitors. He opposed the coming of the trains, and campaigned in the 1840s against a plan to link the towns in the area—Kendal, Windermere and Keswick—by rail.The place near Ullswater, where Wordsworth saw the daffodils, is at the southernmost end of the lake. The lake is wide and calm at this turning point. There’s a bay where the trees have had their soil eroded by lake water so that their roots are shockingly exposed. You walk along from tree to tree, hardly daring to breathe, because you are walking in the footprints of William and Dorothy from two centuries ago. The first clumps of daffodils appear, but they aren’t tall yellow trumpets proudly swaying in the breeze. They’re tiny wild daffodils, most of them still green and unopened, in clumps of six or seven. They’re grouped around individual trees rather than collecting together.But as you look north, from beside a huge ancient oak, you realize this is what delighted the Wordsworths: clump after clump of the things, spread out to left and right but coming together in your vision so that they form a beautiful, pale-yellowcarpet. What you’re seeing at last is nature transformed by human sight and imagination. For a second, you share that revelation of Dorothy and William Wordsworth’s,the glimpse of pantheism, the central mystery of English Romanticism.1. According to the article, Wordsworth’s poem ______.[A] started the Romantic movement[B] was based on actual experience[C] was written while he was visiting his sister[D] was written after he had been lonely2. What was Wordsworth’s attitude to nature?[A] He believed nature had a character of its own.[B] He felt nature was human.[C] He thought nature could talk to people.[D] He believed that we could influence nature.3. We are told that Dove Cottage ______.[A] has gardens designed by a landscape gardener[B] has very old plants in the garden[C] gets a lot of visitors[D] has a large back yard4. What does the writer suggest by the words “hardly daring to breathe” in line 4, paragraph 5?[A] You have to walk carefully here.[B] You can’t breathe because the atmosphere is suffocating.[C] You might feel excited to be in this place.[D] You must concentrate to stay on the footpath.5. What does the writer think of Wordsworth as a poet?[A] He believes that Wordsworth was an important figure in English culture.[B] He is critical of Wordsworth.[C] He believes Wordsworth was a sentimental person.[D] He disagrees with Wordsworth’s opinion about nature.【答案与解析】1. B 根据第一段大意，可知Wordsworth的诗是根据他和姐妹步行回家所看到的风景写成的。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类考研英语阅读理解精读100篇之经济类unit1unit1Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".Resilienc e has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by[A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.[B] Its inflation rate is still rising.[C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member.[D] Its economic resilience is very strong.2.We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.[A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members[B] inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high[C] Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate[D] IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU3.The word “oscillated” (Lin e 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_________.[A] fell[B] climbed[C] developed[D] swang4.Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.[A] it’s stock is far less than that of other countries[B] it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress[C] steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract moreforeign direct investment[D] Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.[A] foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better[B] Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira[C] the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value[D] prices of goods will go up答案：C B D C A篇章剖析本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了土耳其的经济状况。
(2024年)考研(一)翻译部分解析及参考答案
案例二
科技类篇章翻译。科技类篇章涉及专业领域的知 识和技术，考生需具备相关背景知识，并注意专 业术语的翻译和表达。
案例四
经济类篇章翻译。经济类篇章涉及市场经济、国 际贸易、金融投资等内容，考生需注意经济术语 的准确翻译和表达。
22
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模拟试题与参考答案
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模拟试题一（附参考答案）
文化背景处理
在翻译过程中，考生需注意处理 中西方文化差异，避免因文化背 景不同而造成的误解或歧义。
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典型篇章翻译案例解析
案例一
政治类篇章翻译。政治类篇章通常涉及国家政治 、经济、社会等方面的内容，考生需注意政治术 语的准确翻译和表达。
案例三
文化类篇章翻译。文化类篇章涉及不同国家和地 区的文化传统、历史背景等内容，考生需注意文 化差异的处理和表达方式的转换。
分析并列连词（and, but, or等）连接的句子成分，分别进行翻译 ，再根据逻辑关系进行组合。
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复合句的处理
识别主句和从句，先翻译主句，再翻译从句。注意从句的引导词 和时态，确保译文的准确性。
13
特殊句式（倒装、强调等）的应对策略
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倒装句的翻译
理解倒装结构，还原句子正常语序进 行翻译。注意保持译文与原文的语气 和语调一致。
10
03
句子结构分析与翻译技巧
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简单句的翻译方法
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01
03
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理解句子主干
确定主语、谓语和宾语，把握句子核心意思。
注意词义选择
根据上下文和语境选择合适的词义，避免歧义。
英语专业考研基础英语翻译高分特训100篇(汉译英高分特训50篇)经济类【圣才出品】
◆经济类Practice 57我多次参加过亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会，与亚太地区工商界人士共商促进本地区的经济合作与发展问题。
这次上海亚太经合组织共商领导人峰会以“新世纪、新经济：在全球化中发展”为题进行专门讨论，很有意义。
在上次文莱亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上，我就新经济和经济全球化问题谈了看法。
今天，我想进一步谈谈对这个问题的看法。
人类进入新世纪，不仅意味着年代上的更新，而且意味着国际社会开启了经济发展和社会进步的新时期。
主要标志是：世界多极化、经济全球化的不断发展，尤其是科学技术的突飞猛进，为全球经济和社会发展提供了前所未有的物质技术条件，打开了广阔的前景。
日新月异的科技进步，正在深刻地影响着人们的经济、政治和文化生活。
推动新经济的发展，不仅要求我们用先进科学技术更新经济，而且要求我们适应这个发展趋势来更新经济结构、经济体制、经济机制，更新国与国、企业与企业之间的经济关系，更新推进各国开展经济技术合作的指导思想和观念。
100多年来，世界生产力迅速发展，物质财富和精神财富的生产都取得了空前的成就，人类生活状况得到了很大的改善。
但也必须看到，在生产力和科学技术迅速发展的同时，世界发展不平衡的现象始终存在，尤其是南北差距不仅没有缩小，反而不断扩大；广大发展中国家仍比较普遍地存在贫穷和饥饿现象；地区冲突、环境恶化、国际犯罪等问题仍然困扰着人们；高新技术产业的发展也面临着一些问题，特别是有效需求相对不足的问题。
这说明，要使得各国人民都能享受生产力特别是科技进步的成果，实现普遍发展，必须在发展新科技、新产业的同时，对经济结构、经济体制、经济机制进行改革和更新。
关键是要在世界经济事务中全面贯彻多边主义的合作发展精神。
不同民族、不同历史文化、不同社会制度和不同经济发展水平的国家和地区，应互相尊重，求同存异，取长补短，和平共处，协商合作，推动建立公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序，努力促进共同发展和繁荣。
这是解决目前世界经济发展中存在问题的根本出路，也是推动新经济进一步发展的必要条件。
考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训(人物传记类)【圣才出品】
◆人物传记类Practice 95（1）I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations, through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey. These examinations were a great trial to me. The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least. I would have liked to have been examined in history, poetry and writing essays. The examiners, on the other hand, were partial to Latin and mathematics. And their will prevailed. Moreover, the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer. I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew. They always tried to ask what I did not know. When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge, they sought to expose my ignorance. This sort of treatment had only one result: I did not do well in examinations.This was especially true of my Entrance Examination to Harrow. （2）The Headmaster, Dr Weldon, however, took a broadminded（宽宏大量的）view of my Latin prose: he showed discernment in judging my general ability. This was the more remarkable, because I was found unable to answer a single question in the Latin paper. I wrote my name at the top of the page. I wrote down the number of the qu estion “I”. After much reflection I put a bracket round it thus “（I）”. Butthereafter I could not think of anything connected with it that was either relevant or true. Incidentally there arrived from nowhere in particular a blot and several smudges （污迹）. I gazed for two whole hours at this sad spectacle and then merciful ushers collected my piece of foolscap with all the others and carried it up to the Headmaster’s table. （3）It was from these slender indications of scholarship that Dr. Weldon drew the conclusion that I was worthy to pass into Harrow. It is very much to his credit. It showed that he was a man capable of looking beneath the surface of things: a man not dependent upon paper manifestations. I have always had the greatest regard for him.In consequence of his decision, I was in due course placed in the third, or lowest, division of the Fourth, or bottom, Form. （4）The names of the new boys were printed in the School List in alphabetical order; and as my correct name, Spencer-Churchill, began with an “S”, I gained no more advantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters. I was in fact only two from the bottom of the whole school; and these two; I regret to say, disappeared almost immediately through illness or some other cause.The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton. At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called. At Harrow they file（排成纵列行进）past a Master in the school yard and answer one by one. My position was therefore revealed in its somewhat invidious humility. （5）It was the year 1887, Lord Randolph Churchill had only just resigned his position as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer（财政大臣）,and he stilltowered in the forefront of politics. In sequence, large numbers of visitors of both sexes used to wait on the school steps, in order to see me march by; and I frequently heard the irreverent（无礼的）comment, “Why, he’s last of all!”【解析及译文】（1）【解析】本句中包含了“scarcely...when”的结构，表示“才…就”。
考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(人物传记类)【圣才出品】
◆人物传记类Practice95（1）I had scarcely passed my twelfth birthday when I entered the inhospitable regions of examinations,through which for the next seven years I was destined to journey.These examinations were a great trial to me.The subjects which were dearest to the examiners were almost invariably those I fancied least.I would have liked to have been examined in history,poetry and writing essays.The examiners, on the other hand,were partial to Latin and mathematics.And their will prevailed. Moreover,the questions which they asked on both these subjects were almost invariably those to which I was unable to suggest a satisfactory answer.I should have liked to be asked to say what I knew.They always tried to ask what I did not know.When I would have willingly displayed my knowledge,they sought to expose my ignorance.This sort of treatment had only one result:I did not do well in examinations.This was especially true of my Entrance Examination to Harrow.（2）The Headmaster,Dr Weldon,however,took a broadminded（宽宏大量的）view of my Latin prose:he showed discernment in judging my general ability.This was the more remarkable,because I was found unable to answer a single question in the Latin paper.I wrote my name at the top of the page.I wrote down the number of the question“I”.After much reflection I put a bracket round it thus“（I）”.But thereafter I could not think of anything connected with it that was either relevant ortrue.Incidentally there arrived from nowhere in particular a blot and several smudges（污迹）.I gazed for two whole hours at this sad spectacle and then merciful ushers collected my piece of foolscap with all the others and carried it up to the Headmaster’s table.（3）It was from these slender indications of scholarship that Dr.Weldon drew the conclusion that I was worthy to pass into Harrow.It is very much to his credit.It showed that he was a man capable of looking beneath the surface of things:a man not dependent upon paper manifestations.I have always had the greatest regard for him.In consequence of his decision,I was in due course placed in the third,or lowest,division of the Fourth,or bottom,Form.（4）The names of the new boys were printed in the School List in alphabetical order;and as my correct name, Spencer-Churchill,began with an“S”,I gained no more advantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters.I was in fact only two from the bottom of the whole school;and these two;I regret to say,disappeared almost immediately through illness or some other cause.The Harrow custom of calling the roll is different from that of Eton.At Eton the boys stand in a cluster and lift their hats when their names are called.At Harrow they file（排成纵列行进）past a Master in the school yard and answer one by one.My position was therefore revealed in its somewhat invidious humility.（5）It was the year1887,Lord Randolph Churchill had only just resigned his position as Leader of the House of Commons and Chancellor of the Exchequer（财政大臣）,and he still towered in the forefront of politics.In sequence,large numbers of visitors of bothsexes used to wait on the school steps,in order to see me march by;and I frequently heard the irreverent（无礼的）comment,“Why,he’s last of all!”【解析及译文】（1）【解析】本句中包含了“scarcely...when”的结构，表示“才…就”。
考研英语一英译汉命题思路预测及解题思路.doc
考研英语一英译汉命题思路预测及解题思路
在一篇约400字的短文中有5个划线部分(总计约150字), 考生应根据上下文将各划线部分译成汉语，译文必须内容准确、完整、语言明白、字迹清楚，每一划线部分为1小题，每题2分，共10分，解题时间为25 -- 30分钟。
xx年全国统考试卷英译汉中考生失分主要原因有两点：
1) 宏观方面：不能根据上下文的逻辑联系来把握句子的内含，不能根据句子的总体意思来引申、表达某些词汇和词组的含义。
2) 微观方面：对词义的掌握不够到位，对某些关键词词义理解有偏差。
1)定语从句的译法：前置法/分译法
2)what从句的译法
3)while引导让步状语从句
4)as…as/not as(so) …as…引导比较状语从句译法
5)后置定语的译法：前置法常译为“……的+所修饰名词”
6)倒装句译法。
考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训100篇-翻译攻略【圣才出品】
第1章考研英语（一）翻译攻略1.1考研英语（一）翻译题型介绍一、综述考研英语（一）阅读C节，即英译汉部分要求考生阅读一篇约为400词的英语文章，文章中有5个画线部分，约150词，要求考生在30分钟内将其译为汉语，并要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
根据大纲规定，考研英语（一）的评分标准如下：1．五个小题，每题两分，共10分。
2．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
3．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。
4．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。
在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分。
二、命题特点（1）选文特点①体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。
②题材广泛，英译汉所选用的文章大多摘自原版刊物或读物，内容涉及社会生活、科普知识、文化教育、人物传记等几个方面。
下表是历年真题选文具体信息：（2）设题特点通过对近年来试题的分析研究中，我们发现，英译汉部分的命题有以下几个明显的趋势：①从语法来看近年来难度有所降低，长句、难句逐步变少。
适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的翻译技巧。
②从词汇来看一词多义，一词转义现象增多。
要求考生必须根据上下文灵活地选择词义或将词义加以引申。
从这一点讲，词汇难度有增加的趋势。
如考题中的代词，如this、that、it、they等情况复杂，往往不是单纯地指代一个简单的名词，而是指代上下文的一件事或一个观点等，考生需要根据上下文准确把握其中的意思。
尤其是当一个代词指代的是后面的内容时，较难把握，更需要考生仔细阅读上下文了。
③从翻译技巧来看越来越重视考生掌握和运用基本翻译技巧的能力，并要求考生具有相当的中文水平。
基本的翻译技巧训练是迅速提高本部分得分的有效途径。
1.2英语与汉语的差异英语和汉语是有着很大差异的。
首先对这些差异有一个总体印象，在做题时就能得心应手。
差异主要表现在：1．形合与意合英语重形合，而汉语重意合。
考研英语(二)英译汉段落翻译高分特训100篇(资源环境类)【圣才出品】
◆资源环境类Practice 83One of nature’s most dest ructive forces is the tornado, a violent windstorm that takes the shape of a rotating column of air. Tornadoes almost always occur in conjunction with severe thunderstorms that produce high winds, heavy rainfall and damaging hail. Though their cause is unknown, tornadoes are believed to be the result of the convergence of strong upward wind currents inside a storm with upper level winds above the storm; the greater the air contrast, the more violent the storm will be. The United States has more tornadoes, approximately 750 tornadoes reported each year, than any other country in the world because this is where arctic and tropical air masses most frequently converge.参考译文及解析【参考译文】自然界最具破坏性的力量之一是龙卷风，它是一种旋转的柱状强烈风暴。
龙卷风几乎总是与强烈的雷暴并列发生，雷暴能引发大风，暴雨和破坏性的冰雹。
虽然它们的起因尚未知晓，但人们认为龙卷风是由暴风雨中上升的强气流与暴风上方的风的会聚造成；气流对比越明显，龙卷风的威力也就越大。
英语专业考研汉英翻译高分特训100篇(汉译英技巧指南)
第1章汉译英技巧指南英汉两种语言属不同语系，经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。
因此，对比英汉两种语言的异同，从而掌握它们的特点，对做好英汉互译是十分重要的。
英汉翻译的翻译理论、方法和技巧都建立在英汉两种语言的对比上。
在具体介绍英汉翻译技巧之前，本部分将对英汉两种语言进行宏观上的对比，以助于译者掌握两种语言的特点，并在翻译时自觉运用这些特点，译出更符合目标语的译文。
一、英语重结构，汉语重语义英语造句常用各种形式和手段连接词、语、分句或从句，注重显性接应，注重句子形式，注重结构完整，注重以形显意。
句子以形寓意，以法摄神，因而严密规范，采用的是焦点句法。
与英语造句手段不同，汉语造句注重隐形连贯，注重逻辑事理顺序，注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，注重意念连贯，不求结构齐整。
句子以意役形，以神统法，因而流泻铺排，采用的是散点句法。
汉语很少用甚至不用形式连接手段，词语之间的关系常在不言之中，语法意义和逻辑关系常隐含在字里行间。
英译汉时，往往要先分析句子的结构、形式，才能确定句子的功能、意义；汉译英时，则要先分析句子的功能、意义，才能确定句子的结构、形式，这样才能使译文通顺、流畅。
二、英语是综合语，汉语是分析语英语是综合性语言，它主要通过本身的形态变化（如数、时、格等）来表达其语言意义。
如表示不同时态时，规则动词的过去式和过去分词，在动词原形后加-ed，不规则动词的过去式和过去分词都各有不同变化。
汉语是分析性语言，它的语法关系和句法关系主要不是通过词语本身来体现，而是通过虚词、词序等手段表示出来的。
比如，单看“工作”这个词，很难判断其词性，但如果说“努力工作（work hard），找工作（to find jobs）”，就很容易看出来了。
三、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心在表达多逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前；汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，即重心在后。
例如：The visit gives me the opportunity which I have long sought, to see for myself the achievement of the Chinese people.这次访问使我有机会亲眼看一看中国人民取得的成就，这是我向往已久的。
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析
考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析考研英语阅读第一篇及译文与疑难解析【中国1考网】郭庆民阅读理解第一篇及译文与疑难长句注解和题解To measure welfare we would need a measure of changes in the need our output must satisfy. One aspect, population change, is now handled byconverting output to a per capita basis on the assumption that, other things equal, twice as many people need twice as many goods and services to be equally well off. But an index of needs would also account for differences in the requirements for living as the population bees more urbanized and suburbanized; for the changes in national defense requirements; and for changes in the effect of weather on our needs. The index would have to tell us the cost of meeting our needs in a base year pared with the cost of meeting them equally well under the circumstances prevailingin every other year.Measures of “needs” shade into measure of the human and physical enviro____ent in which we live. We all are enormously affected by the people around us. Can we go where we like without fear of attack? We are also affected by the physical enviro____ent—purity of water and air, accessibility of park land and other conditions. To measure this requires accurate data, but such data are generally deficient. Moreover, weighting is required: to bine robberies and murdersin a crime index; to bine pollution of the Potomac and pollution of Lake Erie into a water pollution index; and then to bine crime and water pollution into some general index. But there is no basis for weighting these beyond individual preference.There are further problems. To measure welfare we would need an index of the “goodness” of the distribution of ine. There is surely consensus that given the same total ine and output, a distribution with fewer families in poverty would be the better, but what is the ideal distribution? Even if we could construct indexes of output, real costs, needs, stateof the enviro____ent, we could not pute a welfare index because we have no system of weights to bine them.1. The author?s primary concern is to .［C］ show defects in a proposal ［D］ review literature relevant to a problem2. The author implies that man?hours is not an appropriate measure of real cost because it .［A］ ignores the conditions under which the output is generated［B］ fails to take into consideration theenviro____ental costs of production［C］ is not an effective method for reducing unemployment3. The most important reason why a single index of welfare cannot be designed is that .［A］ the cost associated with producing the index would be prohibitive［B］ considerable empirical research would have to be done regarding output and needs［C］ any weighting of various measures into a general index would be inherently subjective ［D］ accurate statistics on crime and pollution are not yet available4. An adequate measure of need must take into account all of the following EXCEPT .［A］ change effects on people of the weather［B］ differences in needs of urban and suburban populations［C］ changing requirements for gover____ental programs such as defense［D］ accessibility of park land and other premises5. The author regards the idea of a general index of welfare as .［A］ an unrealistic dream［B］ an important contribution［C］ a future necessity［D］ a desirable change1.index n.指数2.welfare ?n.福利3.well off 富裕的，顺利的4.construct vt.构造，创立5.press n.报刊；通讯社6.Gross National Product(ion) 国民消费总值(GNP)7.convert vt.转换；使改变信仰8.evaluate vt.评价，评估9.incur vt.招致，引起，惹起10.aspect n.方面11.handle vt.处理，运用12.per capita 每人的，人均的13.assumption n.假定，设想；承当14.other things equal 假定其他情况不变的话15.account for 说明；占16.prevail vi.盛行；胜过，占优势17.accessibility n.可接近性，获得的可能性18.deficient a.缺乏的；不完善的19.robbery n.抢劫，盗窃20.distribution n.分配，分发；销售21.consensus n.一致意见，共识22.pute vt.计算，估计1.enormously非常，宏大地2.desirability愿望，希求3.determinant决定因素4.real cost实际本钱5.involuntarily不情愿地，无意地6.vitally极为，生死攸关地7.urbanize使都市化8.suburbanize使市郊化9.shade into逐渐变为1.A glance at it would … index.(第一段)better off是well off(富裕的，处境好的)的比拟级形式，worse off与之意思相反。
2019年英语专业考研基础英语完形填空高分特训100篇
目 录第1章 完形填空技巧指南1.1 出题形式1.2 多项选择填空解题技巧1.3 篇章选词填空解题技巧第2章 完形填空高分特训100篇2.1 多项选择填空（Passage 1～Passage 50）2.2 篇章选词填空（Passage 51～Passage 70）2.3 篇章盲填（Passage 71～Passage 100）第1章 完形填空技巧指南对于绝大多数报考英语专业的考生而言，“基础英语”是全国各院校英语专业研究生入学考试必考的科目。
一般来说，报考英语专业研究生的考核科目为：政治（分值100分）、第二外语（分值100分）、基础英语（分值150分）以及专业课（包括英美文学、语言学与应用语言学、翻译理论及实践等）（分值150分）。
需要说明的是，有些院校对此科目的考试名称有所不同：例如北京大学称之为“专业能力”，上海外国语大学称之为“英语综合”，北京外国语大学称之为“英语基础测试（技能）”，上海交通大学、广东外语外贸大学等称之为“英语水平考试”，四川大学称之为“英语专业基础”，山东大学称之为“实践英语”。
上述院校的科目名称和大多数院校所用的“基础英语”名称虽有差别，但实质是一样的，都是由各学校自主命题、考核英语专业考生基本功底的考试科目。
1.1 出题形式“基础英语”的完形填空部分主要考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、短语和句子结构）的掌握程度，以及对语段特征（如衔接与连贯等）的辨识能力。
出题形式主要有以下几种：①在一篇文章中留出10～20个空白，要求考生从每题所给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案，使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯，结构完整。
②在一篇文章中留出10～20个空白，并给出一个词汇表格，要求考生从表格中选出符合句意的单词，形式上要注意词的性、数的变化。
③在一篇文章中留出10～20个空白，要求考生根据上下文填出合适的词，没有选项。
④在一个句子中留出1个空白，要求考生根据上下文写出所给单词的正确形式填入空白处。
英语专业八级阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第4章 英语专业八级能力提升篇
商业经济类（Passage83～88）Passage83题材：商业经济类字数：779建议用时：7分钟It's widely known that more than half of all corporate mergers and acquisitions end in failure.Like many marriages,they are often fraught with irreconcilable cultural and financial differences.Yet M&A activity was up sharply in2013and reached pre-recession levels this year.So why do companies keep at it?Because it's an easy way to make a quick buck and please Wail Street.Increasingly,business is serving markets rather than markets serving business,as they were originally meant to do in our capitalist system.For a particularly stark example,consider American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer's recent bid to buy British drugmaker AstraZeneca.The deal made little strategic sense and would probably have destroyed thousands of jobs as well as slowed research at both companies.(Public outcry to that effect eventually helped scuttle the plan.)But it would have allowed Pfizer to shift its domicile to Britain,where companies pay less tax.That,in turn,would have boosted share prices in the short term,enriching the executives paid in stock and the bankers, lawyers and other financial intermediaries who stood to gain about half a billion dollars or so in fees from the deal.Pfizer isn't alone.Plenty of firms engage in such tax wizardry(巫术).This kind of short-term thinking is starting to dominate executive suites.Besides taxavoidance,Wall Street's marching orders to corporate America include dividend payments and share buybacks,which sap long-term growth plans.It also demands ever more globalized supply chains,which make balance sheets look better by cutting costs but add complexity and risk.All of this hurts longer-term,more sustainable job and value creation.As a recent article on the topic by academic Gautam Mukunda in the Harvard Business Review noted, "The financial sector's influence on management has become so powerful that a recent survey of chief financial officers showed that78%would give up economic value and55%would cancel a project with a positive net present value--that is,willingly harm their companies--to meet Wall Street's targets and fulfill its desire for'smooth'earnings."Some of this can be blamed on the sheer size of the financial sector.Many thought that the economic crisis and Great Recession would weaken the power of markets.In fact,it only strengthened finance's grip on the economy.The largest banks are bigger than they were before the recession,while finance as a percentage of the economy is about the same size.Overall,the industry earns 30%of all corporate profit while creating just6%of the country's jobs.And financial institutions are still doing plenty of tricky things with our money. Legendary investor Warren Buffett recently told me he's steering well clear of exposure to commercial securities like the complex derivatives being sliced and diced by major banks.He expects these"weapons of mass destruction"to cause problems for our economy again at some point.There's a less obvious but equally important way in which Wall Street distorts the economy:by defining"shareholder value"as short-term returns.If a CEO misses quarterly earnings by even a few cents per share,activist investors will push for that CEO to be fired.Yet the kinds of challenges companies face today--how to shift to entirely new digital business models, where to put operations when political risk is on the rise,how to anticipate the future costs of health,pensions and energy--are not quarterly problems.They are issues that will take years,if not decades,to resolve.Unfortunately,in a world in which the average holding period for a stock is about seven months, down from seven years four decades ago,CEOs grasp for the lowest-hanging fruit.They label tax-avoidance schemes as"strategic"and cut research and development in favor of sending those funds to investors in the form of share buybacks.All of this will put American firms at a distinct disadvantage against global competitors with long-term mind-sets.McKinsey Global Institute data shows that between now and2025,7out of10of the largest global firms are likely to come from emerging markets,and most will be family-owned businesses not beholden to(感激)the markets.Of course,there's plenty we could do policy-wise to force companies and markets to think longer term--from corporate tax reform to bans on high-speed trading to shifts in corporate compensation.But just as Wall Street has captured corporate America,so has it captured Washington.Few mainstream politicians on either side of the aislehave much interest in fixing things,since they get so much of their financial backing from the Street.Unfortunately for them,the fringes of their parties--and voters--do care.1.What would the author like to illustrate by the example of Pfizer's bid?A.More than half of all corporate mergers and acquisitions end in failure.B.They are often fraught with irreconcilable cultural and financial differences.C.It's an easy way to make a quick buck and please Wall Street.D.Business is serving markets rather than markets serving business.2.It can be inferred that"smooth earnings"include the following EXCEPT_____．A.tax avoidanceB.dividend paymentsC.better account balanceD.lower costs3.Wall Street's distortion of the economy may causemercial securities to be diced by big banksB.mass destruction of American economyC.failure to solve strategic problems of companiesD.CEOs to shorten their holding period for a stock4.The author closes the passage with a_____note.A.cautiousB.warningC.sarcasticD.humorous5.What kind of thinking is starting to dominate executive suites?6.In what way does Wall Street distort the economy?7.According to the author,what is the root cause of faulty mergers and acquisitions?【答案及解析】1.D由题干中的Pfizer's bid定位至第二段，该段提到“The deal made little strategicsense and would probably have destroyed thousands of jobs as well as slowed research at both companies.”即这一竞投收购活动会对生产发展和创造就业岗位带来负面影响，但之后又提到该协议可以少付税款，满足决策者等高级管理层和金融界从业人员的短期利益，由此结合题目可知选项D描述正确。
单考英语考研翻译高分特训(汉译英段落翻译高分特训 政治经济类)【圣才出品】
◆政治经济类Practice520世纪80年代以来，中国成为世界上经济增长速度最快的国家。
中国正成为世界经济发展的一大引擎。
经济实力的增强使中国在世界舞台上扮演着日益重要的角色。
l997—1998年亚洲金融危机期间，中国为亚太地区国家提供了力所能及的帮助，获得了整个国际社会的赞赏。
此外，中国加入了世界贸易组织等许多国际组织。
中国还积极倡导建立地区组织。
在改革开放的进程中，中国发生着巨大的变化。
世界的发展离不开中国。
【参考译文】Since the1980s,China has grown into the fastest-growing country in the world and has become one of the engines for the world economy.The growing economic strength has helped China play a more important role in the world.During the 1997—1998Asian Financial Crisis,China provided as much help as it could to those countries affected in the region,which was well recognized by the whole international society.Furthermore,China has become a member of the WTO and many other international organizations.Besides,China advocates actively the establishment of regional organizations.In the course of its reform and opening-up, China has been experiencing dramatic changes.The world today cannot develop without China.Practice620世纪90年代出现了经济全球化的趋势。
考研英语阅读理解精读一百篇范文之经济类.doc
考研英语阅读理解精读100 篇之经济类unit1unit1Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’ s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by theEU’ sCouncil of Ministers on December 17th, are economic -in particular, the country’relatives poverty. ItsGDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far offthat of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as thoseof two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that couldmake them full members on January 1st 2007.Furthermore, the country ’recents economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, thesecretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than ayear earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey ’ s inflation rate h into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on anew three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF ’ s managing director, R Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy ’ s resilienResilience has not historical ly been the country’ s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell byover 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growthoscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the mainreasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreigndirect investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s,and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, asdid Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will takeaway the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removedfrom the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m arenow-ie, about ?0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year,but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer haveto juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.注（ 1）：本文选自Economist ； 12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p ；注（ 2）：本文习题命题模仿 2004 年真题 text 1 第 1 题和第 3 题（ 1，3），2001 年真题 text 1 第 2 题（ 2），1999 年真题 text 2 第 2 题（ 4）和 2002 年真题 text 3 第 4 题（ 5）；1.What is Turkey’ s economic situation now?[A]Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.[B]Its inflation rate is still rising.[C]Its economy grows faster than any EU member.[D]Its economic resilience is very strong.2.We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.[A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members[B]inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high[C]Turkey ’ s economy will keep growing at present rate[D]IMF ’ s economic program will help Turkey join the EU3. The word“ oscillated” (Line 3, Paragraph 3)st moprobably means_________.[A]fell[B]climbed[C]developed[D]swang4.Speaking of Turkey’ s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.[A] it’ s stock is far less than that of other countries[B] it does not have much influ ence on Turkey’ s economic progress[C]steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment[D]Turkey ’ s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.[A]foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better[B]Turkey ’ s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira[C]the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value[D]prices of goods will go up答案： C B D C A篇章剖析本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了土耳其的经济状况。
2021考研英语翻译命题-经济实力与工农业效率
2021考研英语翻译命题:经济实力与工农业效率
2021年考研英语翻译命题总结
Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
译文：
此外，明显的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业效率息息相关，并且，这种工农业效率的提高又反过来取决于各种科技人员的努力。
词汇记忆要点：
furthermore
obvious
strength
be boundup with (bind, bound, bound for)
efficiency(efficient)
in turn
rest upon
effort
of all kinds
结构和汉译逻辑记忆要点：
注意形式主语结构it is obvious that…，它的翻译方法有两种，一是“明显的是，…”，还有一种是“…，这是很明显的”。
建议采用第一种。
还要注意，that…, and that…是两个并列的主语从句。
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◆经济管理类Practice53On December11,2001,after15years of negotiations,the world’s most populous country finally joined the world’s most important trade body.Yet China’s accession to the WTO,although hailed by some as signaling“a seismic shift in global marketing”,should nudge perceptive observers to look beyond the rhetoric and focus on the actions that will be needed to prosper in China’s complex market.Those who fail to do so will likely experience more pain than profit.Far from being a signal that foreign companies can sweep into China and establish market dominance,WTO accession marks the first milestone in what promises to be a long and potentially grueling contest between foreign and local brands.（1）Foreign products were perceived to be inherently more desirable than local ones even if they were less affordable.But a growing brand savvy among Chinese enterprises is rapidly eroding this perception,making it harder for foreign companies to establish and maintain leadership in China.（2）Foreign companies will also have to adjust to the realities of being guests in a country undergoing profound social and economic stress.For the first time, Chinese enterprises will face full-blown international competition and closer regulatory scrutiny from entities located outside their own borders.（3）The huge tasks of restructuring state-owned enterprises and getting rid of the social welfaresystem of the past half century are certain to make the next5to10years difficult for many Chinese,no matter how smoothly the government manages the transition.China represents a potential goldmine for the ambitious marketer.（4）In addition to having a large and growing number of middle-class consumers,it has shown a singular genius for weathering the financial and economic storms that have attacked other countries in Asia and throughout the industrialized world. Many foreign companies are thriving here.Starbucks,Kentucky Fried Chicken,and McDonald’s dot the maps of China’s major cities,while technology companies such as IBM,Nokia,and Motorola are among the most successful brands in their categories.The growth extends into the financial and professional services sectors as well.（5）Yet foreign brands face a serious challenge in China,and for those who care to read them,the warning signs are already visible:strong local brands, Chinese nationalism and the readiness of local firms to compete according to the new rules of the game.【解析及译文】（1）【解析】本句翻译应注意把if they were less affordable修饰成分适当放置，使之符合汉语习惯。
【译文】外国生产的产品，即便价格不菲，和国产的相比，仍然受国人青睐。
（2）【解析】要将句中的时间状语前置，这样显得更加合理。
翻译adjust to the realities of being guests时要适当增词，“针对…这一实际情况”。
【译文】在一个正在经受着复杂的经济和社会压力的国家中，外国公司也必须针对他们仅仅只是外来的客人这一实际情况进而调整自己。
（3）【解析】本句要把no matter how引导的让步状语从句放在句首，另外还要适当加词“沿用的”，使意思更加完整。
are certain to译为“一定会”就不如“无疑会”更有味道。
【译文】不管国家如何努力，国企重组和取消过去半个世纪以来沿用的社会福利制度无疑会使许多中国人在未来5至10年里日子非常难过。
（4）【解析】本句的难点在于抽象词weather的意思。
它作为动词，指“平安渡过危难”，在此要灵活翻译。
【译文】除了拥有大批日渐增长的中层消费者之外，中国还表现出其特有的应付席卷亚洲各国及工业化国家的金融风暴的能力。
（5）【解析】本句主要是处理好strong local brands,Chinese nationalism等专有术语的翻译。
【译文】然而在中国，国外品牌面临着严峻挑战，对那些细心解读的人来说，警报已经很明显了：强大的国内地方品牌，中国人的国家主义，以及当地企业已准备好在新的游戏规则下参与竞争。
Practice54Most U.S.businesses,large or small,belong to what is called the private enterprise system.（1）This means simply that firms operate in a dynamic environment where success or failure is determined by how well they match and counter the offerings of petition is the battle among businessesfor consumer acceptance.（2）Sales and profits are the yardsticks by which such acceptance is measured.（3）The business world has abundant examples of firms that were once successful but that failed to continue satisfying consumer petition assures that,over the long run,firms that satisfy consumer demands will be successful and those that do not will be replaced.The private enterprise system requires that firms continually adjust their strategies,product offerings,service standards,operating procedures,and the like.（4）Otherwise the competition will gain higher shares of an industry’s sales and profits.Consider the following cases.A&P was long the largest supermarket chain. Now Safeway is the largest,and A&P is attempting a recovery.Ford once was the dominant automaker.Today,it is second to General Motors,among domestic producers.These events suggest the dynamic environment of the private enterprise system.（5）Competition is a critical mechanism for guaranteeing that the private enterprise system will continue to provide the goods and services that make for high living standards and sophisticated life styles.Few organizations that offer a product or service can escape the influence of competition.The American Cancer Society competes for contributions with the American Heart Association,your own college,and other nonprofit enterprises（非盈利企业）.The armed forces compete in the labor market with private employers.Even the U.S.Postal Service faces competition.United Parcel Service competes for package shipments（包裹运输）.Express Mail faces competition from Western Union’s mailgrams.And firms like The Mailbox,which rents post office boxes in the Seattle area,compete for the post-office-box business.【解析及译文】（1）【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。