2015英语中考总复习-并列句和复合句句型结构及用法讲解
中考英语复习句子类型知识讲解与练习(并列句复合句)
中考英语句子类型知识讲与练一、并列句由两个或两个以上由并列连接词连在一起的简单句称为并列句｡常用的并列连词有:1.连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only... but also..., neither... nor...等｡[例]The teacher's name is Bob, and the student's name is John.老师叫鲍勃,学生叫约翰｡2.表示选择,常用的连词有or, either... or...等｡[例]Shall we go out to the cinema or shall we stay at home?我们是出去看电影还是留在家里?3.表示转折,常用的连词有but, yet, while等｡[例]He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.他个子矮小,戴着厚厚的眼镜,但他却能用一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣｡4.表示因果,常用的连词有so, for等｡[例]August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.八月份是水稻收获的季节,因此每天我都从早忙到晚｡【练习】用合适的连词填空1.Excuse me for breaking in, I have some news for you.2.He helps me do the cleaning I help him with his physics.3.The car broke down, we had to find a telephone.4.Do the job yourself ask others for help.5.It must have rained last night, the ground is wet.【答案】1.Excuse me for breaking in,but I have some news for you.2.He helps me do the cleaning and I help him with his physics.3.The car broke down,so we had to find a telephone.4.Do the job yourself or ask others for help.5.It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.【练习】将两个简单句合并为并列句1.It has no mouth. It can talk.2.You must tell the truth. You will be punished.3.He has many good friends. He is an honest man.4.Mr. Li went to his hometown. Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.5.He wants to be a writer. I want to be a scientist.【答案】1.It has no mouth, but it can talk.2.You must tell the truth, or you'll be punished.3.He has many good friends, for he is an honest man.4.Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead.5.He wants to be a writer while I want to be a scientist.二、复合句1.概念主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成｡从句通常由关联词引导,关联词将从句和主句联系在一起｡2.分类按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句｡前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,统称为名词性从句｡(1)主语从句How much income we can expect this year is not yet known.我们今年能有多少收入还不知道｡Who will go is not important.谁将去并不重要｡(2)表语从句The answer is that he is one of the top three physicists in his particular field.答案是:在他的特殊领域里,他是三位顶尖的物理学家之一｡(3)宾语从句Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates.科学家解释说,地球的表层是由许多不同的板块构成的｡(4)同位语从句The hope that he may recoveris not gone yet.他会康复的希望没有消失｡(5)定语从句The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.正和我父亲握手的那个人是个警察｡A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.词典是解释词语意思的书｡This is the place where my mother was born.这是我母亲出生的地方｡(6)状语从句Listen and be quiet while others are talking!在别人说话时要听着,保持安静!Go back where you come from.回到你来的地方去｡You can tell me if you need help.【练习】判断下列句子含有哪种从句,并用横线标出1.When you see him, please say hello to him.2.Is he the man who wants to see you?3.I want to know what he has told us.4.The fact is that we have lost the game.5.What he wants to tell us is not clear.6.While I agree with you, I can't go with you.7.He waited until I returned.8.Where there is a will, there is a way.9.I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house.10.He hid his storybook so that his teacher couldn't find it.【答案】1.When you see him\s\do14(状语从句), please say hello to him.2.Is he the man who wants to see you\s\do14(定语从句)?3.I want to know what he has told us\s\do14(宾语从句).4.The fact is that we have lost the game\s\do14(表语从句).5.What he wants to tell us\s\do14(主语从句)is not clear.6.While I agree with you\s\do14(状语从句), I can't go with you.7.He waited until I returned\s\do14(状语从句).8.Where there is a will\s\do14(状语从句), there is a way.9.I shall never forget the day when we moved into our new house\s\do14(定语从句).10.He hid his storybook so that his teacher couldn't find it\s\do14(状语从句).【练习】指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1.①The_students got on the ②school bus.2.I ①shall_answer your question ②after_class.3.What a beautiful Chinese painting!4.Tom came to_ask_me_for_advice.5.He found ①it important ②to_master_English.6.Do you have ①anything else ②to_say?7.He became a_teacher at the age of twentyone.8.Would you please tell me_your_address?9.①It is ②our_duty to keep our classroom ③clean_and_tidy.10.We must keep it a_secret.【答案】1.①主语②定语2.①谓语②状语3.定语4.状语5.①形式宾语②真正宾语6.①宾语②定语7.表语8.宾语(间宾+直宾)9.①形式主语②表语③宾补10.宾补【练习】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room, isn't there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it?9.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.【答案】1.简单句2.复合句3.简单句4.简单句5.并列句6.复合句7.并列句8.复合句9.简单句【练习】汉译英｡｡｡｡｡很生气｡7.这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗?8.如果有时间,我们星期三来看你｡【答案】1.Onethird of the students in this class are girls.2.She takes good care of her sick mother.3.He looks a bit excited.4.Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.5.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.6.What he said made me very angry.7.Is this the room where we lived last winter?8.We will come over to see you on Wednesday if we have time.。
并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句-、并列句用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。
(一）并列句的构成其结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
（二）常用的并列连词1．常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but, or,so，for。
2．其他的并列连词有：then，while，when,not only。
..but also。
.,neither...。
nor，either...or，as well as等。
二、复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子.主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体,从句是主句中的一部分，不能独立存在.根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
(一)宾语从句1.宜语从句的引导词注意：whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换,但在下列情况下须用whether,不能用if。
①具有选择意义，宾语从句中有or或or not时。
例如:Eg：We really don't know whether news is true or not．我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。
②在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。
例如：Eg：We are talking about whether we' ll go back to our hometown．我们正在讨论是否回老家去。
③作discuss等词的宾语时。
例如:Eg： We discussed whether we should close the shop．我们讨论了是否应该把商店关掉。
2．宾语从句的语序宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构.句尾标点符号取决于主句。
例如：Are you a student？ He asks．→He asks if you are a student．他问你是否是学生。
中考英语语法之并列复合句
中考英语语法之并列复合句并列复合句是英语语法中的一种重要句型，它由两个或多个并列的简单句组成，表示两个或多个相对独立的主题或行为关系。
在中考英语考试中，掌握并列复合句的使用是非常重要的。
本文将针对这一语法知识进行详细解析。
1. 并列复合句的定义并列复合句是由两个或多个并列的简单句组成，这些句子之间没有主谓关系，但它们彼此之间有相对独立的意义和行为关系。
并列复合句通常使用逗号、分号或连词来连接。
2. 逗号连接并列复合句逗号是常用的连接并列复合句的标点符号。
在逗号连接的两个句子中，第一个句子和第二个句子之间的关系可以是并列关系，也可以是因果关系、转折关系等。
例如：Tom loves playing basketball, and he also enjoys swimming.（汤姆喜欢打篮球，他也喜欢游泳。
）3. 分号连接并列复合句分号的使用在英语中相对较少，但在某些特定情况下可以用来连接并列复合句。
和逗号不同，分号更多地用于连接意义上更加独立的句子。
例如：I have a lot of work to do; I cannot go to the party tonight.（我有很多工作要做；今晚我不能去参加派对。
）4. 连词连接并列复合句除了使用标点符号连接并列复合句之外，我们还可以使用一些连词来连接这些句子。
常见的连词有and、but、or等。
例如：She is tired, but she doesn't want to stop.（她很累，但她不想停下来。
）5. 并列复合句的使用注意事项（1）在并列句中，句子之间的动词的时态、语态、语气等要保持一致。
（2）并列复合句中的主语、宾语、宾补等要保持一致，即在逻辑上应该是相同的人或物。
（3）使用适当的标点符号来连接并列句，可以使语句更加清晰明了。
总结：并列复合句是由两个或多个相对独立的简单句组成，通过逗号、分号或连词来连接。
在中考英语考试中，正确使用并列复合句可以提高文章的连贯性和阅读理解能力。
并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句并列句和复合句是英语中经常使用的两种句子结构。
它们能够使句子更加丰富多样，表达更加准确清晰。
本文将详细介绍并列句和复合句的定义、结构以及使用方法。
一、并列句并列句是由两个或多个独立的句子通过连词连接而成的句子。
它们之间的关系是平等的，没有从属关系。
常见的连词有and、but、or等。
例如：1. I like to play basketball, and my sister prefers swimming.2. The weather is hot today, but we still decided to go hiking.3. You can choose to watch a movie or go shopping.并列句可以通过逗号或者分号来分隔各个句子，也可以通过连词直接连接起来。
需要注意的是，如果句子之间的关系比较紧密，语义上有较强的联系，则使用逗号进行连接；如果句子之间的关系较弱或者需要更强调，则可以使用分号进行连接。
二、复合句复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
主句是一个完整的句子，从句则依附于主句而存在，从属于主句。
从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或者状语从句。
名词性从句：名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或者宾补等。
例如：1. What he said is true.（主语从句）2. I believe that you can do it.（宾语从句）3. Her dream is to become a doctor.（表语从句）4. I saw him playing football.（宾补从句）定语从句：定语从句用来修饰前面的名词或代词。
通常由关系代词（who、which、that等）引导。
例如：1. The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.2. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.状语从句：状语从句表示时间、条件、原因、目的、方式等状况，对主句进行补充说明或解释。
中考英语并列句与复合句中考复习课件
• Linking simple sentences by commas, etc. • More than two simple sentences can be joined by commas with only • one conjunction which is used before the final clause The use of a • comma before and is optional here • / found a bucket put it in the smk() and turned the tap on • I took off my coat searched all my pockets but couldn t find my key
• 当句子的所有部分的主语都相同时，通常不要重复。 • 我们通常不会在and前面加逗号，但我们通常会在其他连词前面加逗号:
• Addition/sequence: 'and'; 'both...and'; 'not only...but...(too/as
• well)'; 'not only...but (also)...'; 'and then' • He washed the car He polished it • He washed the car and polished it • He not only washed the car, but polished it (too/as well) • He washed the car and then polished it
which) • He doesn't speak French He doesn't understand it • He neither speaks French, nor understands it
2015英语中考总复习-并列句和复合句句型结构及用法讲解
一、并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。
常见分类：1.表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词and，both. . . and，not only. . . but also. . . ，neither. . . nor. . . ，as well as等。
2.表示转折关系，常用连词but，yet(然而), however(然而), while(而)等。
3. 表示选择关系，常见连词or，not. . . but(不是……而是……), either. . . or. . . (要么……要么……)等。
4. 表示因果关系，常见连词because, as，for(因为), so等。
二、复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。
从句需由关联词引导。
初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。
考点一状语从句状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。
状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
状语从句的注意事项2. 时间状语从句中not. . . until. . . （直到……才……）与before/ after引导的从句的转换。
I went to bed after I finished my homework. =I did n’t go to bed until I finished my homework.直到做完作业我才去睡觉。
考点二宾语从句一、在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的四个考点：【温馨提示】当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，guess, believe等词，主语为第一人称，从句表达否定意义时，形式上应否定主句。
例如：I don’t think that he is right. 我认为他不对。
并列句与复合句的结构与连接词
并列句与复合句的结构与连接词并列句和复合句是英语语法中常用的句子结构，用于表达复杂的意思和逻辑关系。
在句子结构中，连接词起着重要的作用，它们在句子中连接并列句和复合句的不同部分，帮助句子在逻辑上更加连贯。
本文将介绍并列句和复合句的结构和连接词的用法。
一、并列句的结构与连接词并列句是由两个或多个独立的句子并列构成的句子。
并列句的结构简单清晰，可以同时表达几个相关但独立的观点。
下面是两个例子：1. I like swimming, and my brother likes playing basketball.我喜欢游泳，而我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
2. She is a doctor, but he is a teacher.她是一名医生，但他是一名教师。
在这两个例子中，连接词“and”和“but”分别连接了两个独立句子，使得句子表达更加完整。
并列连接词常用的有：and（和）、but（但）、or（或）、so（所以）、for（因为）等。
这些连接词用于连接两个并列的句子，表达其逻辑关系。
二、复合句的结构与连接词复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
从句在句子中扮演了一个附属或补充说明的角色。
下面是两个例子：1. I will go to the bookstore when I finish my homework.当我做完作业时，我会去书店。
2. She always listens to music because she enjoys it.她总是听音乐，因为她喜欢它。
在这两个例子中，主句和从句之间使用了连接词来连接。
连接词根据从句的类型和主句之间的逻辑关系而有所不同。
从句的类型包括时间从句、原因从句、条件从句、结果从句等。
常用的连接词有：when（当）、because（因为）、if（如果）、although （尽管）等。
这些连接词用于从句与主句之间的衔接，帮助句子更加完整地表达。
三、并列句与复合句的应用并列句和复合句在表达复杂意思和逻辑关系时经常被使用。
中考 并列句和复合句总结
中考并列句和复合句总结一并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
1. 并列句的基本句型：简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句2. 并列句的类型：1) 并列关系（联合关系）。
连接词：and, not only…but (also), neither…nor等例句：I help him and he helps me.我帮助他，他也帮助我。
Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。
Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.我不想与他商量，他也不会征求我的意见。
2) 转折关系。
连接词：but, yet, still, while, however, when等例句：He failed many times, but he didn’t despair.他失败多次但并没有气馁。
She has difficulty in learning English, however, she works hard and is making rapid progress. 她学习英语有困难，然后她学习努力，进步很快。
3) 选择关系。
连接词：or, otherwise or else, either…or例句：We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train.我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。
Either you come to my place or I go to yours.或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。
4) 因果关系。
连接词：for, so, thus, therefore, and so例句：We had better stay at home, for it was raining.我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。
中考专题复习--并列句、复合句和连词
中考专题复习-----并列句，复合句和连词［考点分析］1 并列句的构成，常见的并列连词和从属连词2 复合句中状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句的分类、引导词及其用法［内容讲解］一并列句：用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句。
1. 构成：简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句2. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but，or，so，for。
⑴表顺延、并列关系的连词有：and, both…and, as well as, not only…but also, neither…nor 等：例句：He can speak not only English but also French.He bought me a present, and I like it very much.Work hard and you can pass the exam. = If you work hard, you can pass the exam.Think it over, and you’ll find the answer. =If you think it over, you’ll find the answer.★and连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句，后半部分是将来时的陈述句时，其含义相当于由if 引导的条件状语从句。
⑵表转折关系的连词：but, yet, while, howeverHe is rich but he is not happy.Lucy likes red while lily likes white.⑶表选择关系的连词：either…or, or否则，或者，或：Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.⑷表因果关系的连词: so所以，因此，于是; because, for, as：Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school.I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do.⑸其他的并列连词：then，when：I like English then I do my homework.二复合句1 状语从句：(详见状语从句专题讲座)①如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），则宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定：❝I remember he gave me a book yesterday.❝He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.②如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），则宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）：❝He told me that he would take part in the high jump.❝He asked me if I had taken his soap.★但宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态：❝He told me that the earth is round.❝He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.⑵宾语从句的语序用陈述句的语序What’s Kate’s e-mail address? Do you know? =Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is?⑶宾语从句的连接词①当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导：“She was a good girl,” the teacher told us. =The teacher told us (that”) she was a good girl.★that用于下列情况时不可省略：1）当宾语从句的主语是that时：He says that that is a useful book.2)当从句前有插入语时：It says, on the card, that it is made in China.3）当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时：I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must par for it.4）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略：He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.⑶否定转移当主句主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe，suppose等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式：❝I don’t think he will come with you.⑷宾语从句的简化①宾语从句的主从句主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，agree，choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构：I hope that I can receive your e-mail. =I hope to receive your e-mail.②宾语从句的主从句主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构：She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.③当主句谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问词+ 不定式”结构：Will you please show me how I can work it out? =Will you please show me how to work it out?④动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要适当变化。
中考重点并列连词与复合句的连接
中考重点并列连词与复合句的连接在中考英语考试中，连词和复合句是学生需要重点掌握的知识点之一。
并列连词可以将两个或多个并列的单词、短语、从句等连接起来，组成一个完整的句子。
而复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成的句子。
在写作和阅读理解中，正确使用并列连词和构建复合句可以提升文章的语言表达能力，使文章更加丰富多样。
本文将重点介绍中考英语考试中常用的并列连词以及如何正确连接复合句。
一、常用的并列连词1. and"and"是最常见和最简单的并列连词，表示并列关系，连接两个同等重要的事物或概念。
例如：- I like reading books and playing sports.- My sister is good at singing and dancing.2. but"but"用于表示转折关系，连接两个相对矛盾的事物或概念。
例如：- I want to go to the party, but I have to finish my homework first.- He is smart, but sometimes he makes careless mistakes.3. or"or"用于表示选择关系，连接两个或多个相互排斥的事物或概念，表示其中之一。
例如：- Do you want an apple or an orange?- You can choose to study Chinese or English.4. so"so"用于表示因果关系，连接两个句子，表示前一句是后一句的结果。
例如：- I was tired, so I went to bed early.- He studied hard for the exam, so he got a high score.5. for"for"用于表示原因关系，连接两个句子，表示前一句是后一句的原因。
中考英语知识点总复习课件： 并列句和复合句课件
什么叫“超前思考，比较听课”？简单地说，就是同学们在上课的时候不仅要跟着老师的思路走，还要力争走在老师思路的前面，用自己的思路和老师的思路进行对 比，从而发现不同之处，优化思维。
比如在讲《林冲棒打洪教头》一文，老师会提出一些问题，如林冲当时为什么要戴着枷锁？林冲、洪教头是什么关系？林冲为什么要棒打洪教头？••••••
其他用法
①and连接两个或两个以上的句子成分时，不构成并 列句。
eg：You, she and I are all students. 简单句
②both…and, neither…nor连接两个句子成分时， 仍属于简单句。
eg：Both he and I like English. Martin studies neither English nor Spanish.
宾语从句
6.宾语从句的简化
(1) 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的 谓语动词是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等 时，从句可简化为不定式结构。 eg: I hope that I can receive your e-mail.
=I hope to receive your e-mail.
eg：Could you tell me when the train will leave?
Do you remember how he came?
主+ 谓语
+宾语
时态 语序 引导词
宾语从句
（4）介词后面的宾语从句（介宾从句） eg： Alice is sorry for what she said.
主+ 谓 + 宾语 （一个句子） He asked me if/whether Miss Gao was a teacher.
中考英语备课指导：专题复习——复合句
中考专题复习——复合句并列复合句1、基本概念并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起；但有时不用连词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
2、常见的并列句等,and所连接的(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。
前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
等,前后分句的时(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连词有or,oth erwise,or else,either…or…态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分句时态一致。
(4) 说明原因, 用连词for ,前后分句时态一致。
(5) 表示结果,用连词so, 前后分句时态一致。
主从复合句1、概念主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。
从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。
) / It seemed as if the meeting would never end.(看起来会议没完没了。
) / Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。
) / However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。
2015英语中考复习--简单句 并列句 复合句
（1）引导目的状语从句的词或词组有so that，so， in order that等，谓语中常含有may，might， can，could，will，would等情态动词。如： He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus. （2）当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to， in order to。如： He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in order to succeed.
（1）原因状语从句通常用because，since，as引 导。这三个词所表示的语气由because到as逐渐 减弱，由why提出的问题用because来回答。如： —Why are you late? —Because I’m ill. （2）如果状语从句所表示的原因是人们已知的事 实，就要用since，而不用as或because。since 在这里的意思是“既然”。如： Since you can’t answer the question, you can ask someone for help.
（3）or意为“否则，或者，或“表示选择关系。如： Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
（4）so意为“所以，因此，于是”表示因果关系。 如： Kate was ill so she didn’t go to school. （5）for意为“因为”，表示因果关系。如： I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do.
并列句和并列复合句
并列句和并列复合句一、并列句1. 定义- 并列句是由两个或两个以上简单句并列在一起构成的句子。
这些简单句在语法上是平等的，互不依从。
例如：I like reading, and my sister likes dancing. 这里有两个简单句“I like reading”和“my sister likes dancing”，通过并列连词“and”连接起来。
2. 并列连词的用法- and（和、并且）- 表示并列、顺承或递进关系。
例如：He is tall and strong.（表示并列关系，描述他既高又壮）；She got up early and had a good breakfast.（表示顺承关系，先起床然后吃了一顿丰盛的早餐）- but（但是）- 表示转折关系。
例如：I like English, but my brother likes math.（喜欢的学科不同，形成转折）- or（或者、否则）- 表示选择关系或者“否则”的意思。
例如：You can choose a book or a pen as a gift.（选择关系，在书和笔之间选择）；Hurry up, or you will be late.（“否则”的意思，不快点就会迟到）- so（所以）- 表示因果关系。
例如：It rained heavily, so we stayed at home.（因为雨下得大，所以待在家里）3. 并列句的结构- 简单句+并列连词+简单句。
例如：She sings well, but she doesn't dance well. 第一个简单句“She sings well”，通过“but”这个并列连词连接第二个简单句“she doesn't dance well”。
4. 标点符号的使用- 在并列句中，当并列连词连接两个简单句时，一般情况下，在并列连词前可以使用逗号。
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一、并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。
常见分类：
1.表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词and，both. . . and，not only. . . but also. . . ，neither. . . nor. . . ，as well as等。
2.表示转折关系，常用连词but，yet(然而), however(然而), while(而)等。
3. 表示选择关系，常见连词or，not. . . but(不是……而是……), either. . . or. . . (要么……要么……)等。
4. 表示因果关系，常见连词because, as，for(因为), so等。
二、复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。
从句需由关联词引导。
初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。
考点一状语从句
状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。
状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
状语从句的注意事项
2. 时间状语从句中not. . . until. . . （直到……才……）与before/ after引导的从句的转换。
I went to bed after I finished my homework. =I did n’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
直到做完作业我才去睡觉。
考点二宾语从句
一、在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的四个考点：
【温馨提示】
当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，guess, believe等词，主语为第一人称，从句表达否定意义时，形式上应否定主句。
例如：
I don’t think that he is right. 我认为他不对。
考点三定语从句
一、基本构成
1. 定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。
2. 句式：含有定语从句的复合句基本结构：先行词+ 关系词+ 定语从句。
二、关系代词的基本用法
Do you know the girl who/ that has won the first prize in the singing competition?
你认识歌咏比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩吗？
Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years.
近年来很多师承赵本山的笑星成名了。
【温馨提示】
三、关系副词的基本用法
中考真题
单项选择
1. (2012·达州中考)—Do you enjoy My heart will go on?
—No, I prefer songs _______ loud.
A. that is
B. which is
C. that are
D. what are
2. （2012·六盘水中考）—Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?
—I think we will if we _______ any classes.
A. won’t have
B. didn’t have
C. don’t have
D. aren’t having
3. (2012·恩施中考)—I don’t know when _______ tomorrow?
—I will call you as soon as he _______.
A. will he come; arrives
B. he will come; arrives
C. he will come; will arrive
4. （2012·达州中考）—That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _______?
—For 5 years.
A. how soon he will come back
B. how long he has stayed there
C. how long has he stayed there
D. how often does he go there
5. （2011·广东中考）The first thing _______ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A. which
B. that
C. why
D. who
6. (2011·济南中考)—Julie, do you know _______ yesterday afternoon?
—By bus. I guess.
A. when Mr. Green will get to Quancheng Square
B. when will Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square
C. how Mr. Green got to Quancheng Square
D. how did Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square
7. （2011·兰州中考）Jane is one of the students in the class _______ have ever been to China.
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. whom
8. （2011·山西中考）—Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground.
—You should try to find out _______.
A. whose is the watch
B. who is the owner of the watch
C. whom does the watch belong to
9. （2011·宁波中考）—What a new computer! Can you tell me _______?
— Just the day before yesterday.
A. how much you paid for it
B. how much did you pay for it
C. when you bought it
D. when did you buy it
10. （2011·广东中考）—Let’s go fishing if it ______ this weekend.
—But nobody knows if it _______.
A. is fine; will rain
B. will be fine; rains
C. will be fine; will rain
D. is fine; rains
11. （2011·呼和浩特中考）—Is there anyone here _______ name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose
12. （2011·临沂中考）The policeman asked the small girl _______.
A. why she was crying
B. why was she crying
C. why she is crying
D. why is she crying
13. （2011·襄阳中考）—Do you know the man _______ is reading the book over there? —Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher.
A. which
B. what
C. whom
D. who
14. （2011·温州中考)—Jack, could you tell me _______?
—Sure. In the post office on Green Road.
A. where you bought the stamps
B. where did you buy the stamps
C. when you bought the stamps
D. when did you buy the stamps
15. （2011·泰安中考）—Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. —Yes. But if it _______, we’ll play chess instead.
A.will rain
B. rained
C. is raining
D. Rains
答案：1-5：CCBBB 6-10:CABCA 11-15:DADAD。