当代物流学 第二章 The Supply Chain Management Concept

2-22
Key Attributes of Supply Chain Management
Inventory
control
– Bullwhip effect – JAZ
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The Dynamics of the Supply Chain
Order Size
Customer Demand Retailer Orders
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Supply Chain Management and Integration
Long-term,
mutually beneficial agreements
– Partnerships – Strategic alliances – Contract logistics
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What is Supply Chain Integration?
Time
Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998
Key Attributes of Supply Chain Management
Interactivity,
interfunctional, and interorganizational coordination

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The Supply Chain Concept
Key
Terms
Key
Terms
– Bullwhip effect – Contract logistics – Coopetition – Customer power – Fourth-party logistics (4PL)
– JIT II – Lead logistics provider (LLP) – Logistics outsourcing – Partnerships ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ Relational exchanges
Make
Deliver Return
Source Return
Suppliers’ Supplier
Supplier
Internal or External
Your Company
Customer
Internal or External
Customer’s Customer
SCOR Model
Building Block Approach
to
execute
due
to
– Cultural, economic, and technological – Political, spatial, and logistical
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Globalization of Supply Chains
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Key Attributes of Supply Chain Management

Increasing globalization
– Lower priced materials and labor – Global perspective of companies – Development of global competition

Extremely difficult differences
•
the degree to which the firm can strategically collaborate with their supply chain partners and collaboratively manage the intra- and interorganization processes to achieve the effective and efficient flows of • • • • Product and services, Information, Money, Decisions
Source: John T. Mentzer et al., “ Defining Supply Chain Management,” Journal of Business Logistics
2-9
Successful Supply Chains have…
a
systems approach across all organizations in the supply chain
Distributor Orders
Production Plan
Time
Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998
What Management Gets...
Order Size
Customer Demand
CHAPTER 2
The Supply Chain Management Concept
Learning Objectives
To learn about supply chains and their management To understand differences between transactional and relational exchanges To realize the importance of leveraging technology To appreciate barriers to supply chain management
Developed
by Bose Corporation Supplier integration program
– A more realistic competitive perspective – “In-plants”
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Globalization of Supply Chains
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SCOR is structured around five distinct management processes
Plan
Deliver Return
Source Return
Make
Deliver
Return
Source
Return
Make
Deliver Return
Source Return
M1 Make-to-Stock
Deliver
D1 Deliver Stocked Products
M2 Make-to-Order
D2 Deliver MTO Products
S3 Source ETO Products
M3 Engineer-to-Order
D3 Deliver ETO Products
Processes Best Practice Metrics Technology
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SCOR is structured around five distinct management processes
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Supply-Chain Operations Reference-model (SCOR) 6.1 - Processes
D4 Deliver Retail Products
Return Source
Return Deliver
Enable
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Customers
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Figure 2-2: The Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model
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JIT II
Customer
power Long-term orientation
– Relational exchanges – Transactional exchanges
Leveraging
technology Enhanced communication across organizations
Source: Robert B. Handfield and Ernest L. Nichols, Jr., Introduction to Supply Chain Management
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Figure 2-1: Different Supply Chain Configurations
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Plan
P2 Plan Source P1 Plan Supply Chain P3 Plan Make P4 Plan Deliver P5 Plan Returns
Suppliers
Source
S1 Source Stocked Products
S2 Source MTO Products
Make
Production Plan
Time
Source: Tom Mc Guffry, Electronic Commerce and Value Chain Management, 1998
What Management Wants…
Volumes
Production Plan
Customer Demand
仓库 纺纱厂
棉花
织布厂
印染厂
服装厂
批发商
销售代理商
零售店
顾客
Supply Chain Management
– Supply chain management is “the systemic, strategic coordination of the traditional business functions and the tactics across these business functions within a particular company and across businesses in the supply chain, for the purposes of improving the longterm performance of the individual companies and the supply chain as a whole.”
2-4
About Supply Chains…
A
supply chain “encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw material stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows.”
– Companies recognize interdependencies – Goals and objectives are compatible
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Supply-Chain Council
– The SCC is an independent, not-for-profit, global corporation with membership open to all companies and organizations interested in applying and advancing state-of-the-art supply chain management systems and practices. – The Supply-Chain Council (SCC) has developed and endorsed the Supply Chain Operations Referencemodel (SCOR) as the cross-industry standard for supply chain management
2-3
The Supply Chain Concept
Key
Terms
Key
Terms
– SCOR model – Strategic alliances – Supply chain – Supply chain councils – Supply chain management
– Third-party arrangements – Third-party logistics – Transactional exchanges
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Barriers to Supply Chain Management
Regulatory
and political considerations Lack of top management commitment Reluctance to share, or use, relevant data Incompatible information systems Incompatible corporate cultures