英美概况论文英文版

Tourism in America

外语学院英本0801 张文凤20084336092

【Abstract】This paper centers on the tourism employment and the four interrelated components: the tourists, travel information and arrangements, visitor attractions such as National Parks in the U.S.

【Key Words】Tourism; America; Economy; Employment; Tourists; Tourism Organization; Tourist Attractions; Holidays

Introduction：

1.Tourism, a Major Industry

Tourism in America has reached to a fairly high standard according to pleasure, shopping, entertainment, eating, accomodation and transportation.The six aspects are mutually combined with each other properly and there are no weak links in them. Generally speaking, I think that the distinguishing features of American tourism are come from these advantages.

1.1 Tourism Employment

The most important contribution that tourism in America making to the U.S. National Economy is providing a great deal of jobs. In America, there are one in eight persons being involved into this job. There are 50 States in America,of which there are 32 states that their quality of tourism employment ranks to the first three in each trade.What’s more, there are 684,000 positions provided by tourism are in a high level.

The service industry has historically been characterized as providing low paying employment in the United States. But the 1990s has begun a new era for the American economy with major underlying changes in its employment structure. Many of these shifts, however, have gone unnoticed, perhaps because of the difficulty in comprehending such profound fundamental structural changes in the U.S.

employment after so many decades of being dominated by the manufacturing industry. For illustration, here are more facts.

First, employment directly generated by travel has grown 27.7% in the last ten years （the 1990s）, much faster than the 19.6% increase in total nonagricultural U.S. employment. Second, average hourly earnings in the service sector had grown faster than in all other industries except finance, insurance, and real estate throughout the 1990s.

Third, employment in executive positions in this industry had increased faster by the year 2006 than employment in the overall economy. Fourth, the transportation sectors of the travel industry, especially airlines, rank among the highest paying sectors in the U.S. economy.

The rapid growth of travel and tourism in the United States through the is also reflected in the increasing travel expenditures in the country.

There are two main types of tourism: leisure tourism and business tourism. Business tourism includes travel for business meetings, conferences and conventions, and exhibitions and trade fairs. It accounted for about a quarter of the total domestic trips throughout the 1990s while leisure tourism the other three fourth. Leisure tourism thus becomes the focus of my paper.

1.2 Why Do People Travel

The motivations for leisure tourism are varied. Most people travel to meet personal needs. They can revitalize or enrich their lives, escape routine and have a relaxation, board their horizons and learn about different environments, get the chances to taste different foods and so on. Based on these motivations, leisure tourism can be sorted to the followings: education, culture and history, sightseeing, visiting friends or relatives, sports, health and adventure.

America has a variety of tourists attractions and activities. They are graceful. People can go sightseeing, go hiking, go camping, go skiing, go swimming, go boating or recuperate and so on.

Surprisingly, a growing motivation for much travel that combines pleasure-seeking and practical purposes involves discount shopping. Consequently, shopping become number one activity participated in by domestic travelers in 1999.

2.Who Are the Tourists