transportation翻译成中文

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交通工具英语范文初中(推荐10篇)

交通工具英语范文初中(推荐10篇)（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如工作总结、工作计划、合同协议、条据文书、策划方案、句子大全、作文大全、诗词歌赋、教案资料、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!Moreover, our store provides various types of classic sample essays for everyone, such as work summaries, work plans, contract agreements, doctrinal documents, planning plans, complete sentences, complete compositions, poems, songs, teaching materials, and other sample essays. If you want to learn about different sample formats and writing methods, please stay tuned!交通工具英语范文初中(推荐10篇)交通工具英语范文初中第一篇Bicycles， as a means of transport， are indispensable companions of most Chinese.Each Chinese family possesses at least one bicycle.China is therefore called “the Bicycle Kingdom”.The popularity of bicycles in China， I think， is mainly due to the economy of the country and its people.China，as one of the developing countries， has no financial potential to eXpand its roads and to manufacture so many cars to satisfy the need of so many Chinese.Compared with cars， bicycles， however， have their own distinctive advantages.Firstly， they are very convenient.For their small size， they do not need special parking space.They can be parked almost everywhere.For their light weight， they can be carried upstairs and downstairs.Secondly， driven by man power， they don’t need fuel.Hence they have nothing to do with air pollution and energy crisis.Finally， as China is still a developing country， most people can afford a bicycle rather than a car.With so many advantages， bicycles will remain to be an important means of transport in China in the many years to come.But I think with the rapid development of Chinese economy，more and more Chinese will own a car though cars will never completely substitute bicycles in the future.交通工具英语范文初中第二篇Nowadays， the technology of the future automobile is so advanced that more and more people own private cars.But at the same time，the air pollution is becoming more and more serious.Although the government has realized this problem， the solution is not very good to avoid pollution.In about 50 years， people will use cars to judge whether it is conducive to environmental protection.In other words，the power is no longer gasoline， Instead， well use new energy instead of gasoline.For eXample， well take buses that use biogas.中文翻译：未来的汽车如今，技术已经如此先进，越来越多的人拥有了私家车，但与此同时，空气污染也越来越严重，虽然已经意识到了这一问题，但解决办法并不是很好，以避免污染，大约XX年后，人们会用汽车来判断它是否有利于环保，换句话说，动力不再是汽油，而是用新能源代替汽油，比如说，我们会乘坐使用沼气的公共汽车。

物流专用术语中英文翻译

物流专用术语物流基本概念术语1. 物品article2. 物流logistics3. 物流活动logistics activity4. 物流作业logistics operation5. 物流模数logistics modulus6. 物流技术logistics technology7. 物流成本logistics cost8. 物流管理logistics management9. 物流中心logistics center10. 物流网络logistics network11. 物流信息logistics information12. 物流企业logistics enterprise13. 物流单证logistics documents14. 物流联盟logistics alliance15. 供应物流supply logistics16. 生产物流production logistics17. 销售物流distribution logistics18. 回收物流returned logistics19. 废弃物物流waste material logistics20. 绿色物流environmental logistics21. 企业物流internal logistics22. 社会物流external logistics23. 军事物流military logistics24. 国际物流international logistics25. 第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26. 定制物流customized logistics27. 虚拟物流virtual logistics28. 增值物流服务value-added logistics service29. 供应链supply chain30. 条码bar code31. 电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)32. 有形消耗tangible loss33. 无形消耗intangible loss物流作业术语1. 运输transportation2. 联合运输combined transport3. 直达运输through transport4. 中转运输transfer transport5. 甩挂运输drop and pull transport6. 集装运输containerized transport7. 集装箱运输container transport8. 门到门door-to-door9. 整箱货full container load (FCL)10. 拼箱货less than container load (LCL11. 储存storing12. 保管storage13. 物品储存article reserves14. 库存inventory15. 经常库存cycle stock16. 安全库存safety stick17. 库存周期inventory cycle time18. 前置期(或提前期) lead time19. 订货处理周期order cycle time20. 货垛goods stack21. 堆码stacking22. 搬运handing/carrying23. 装卸loading and unloading24. 单元装卸unit loading and unloading25. 包装package/packaging26. 销售包装sales package27. 定牌包装packing of nominated brand28. 中性包装neutral packing29. 运输包装transport package30. 托盘包装palletizing31. 集装化containerization32. 散装化containerization33. 直接换装cross docking34. 配送distribution35. 共同配送joint distribution36. 配送中心distribution center37. 分拣sorting38. 拣选order picking39. 集货goods collection40. 组配assembly41. 流通加工distribution processing42. 冷链cold chain43. 检验inspection物流技术装备及设施术语1. 仓库warehouse2. 库房storehouse3. 自动化仓库automatic warehouse4.4. 立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5. 虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6. 保税仓库boned warehouse7. 出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8. 海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision9. 冷藏区chill space10. 冷冻区freeze space11. 控湿储存区humidity controlled space12. 温度可控区temperature controlled space13. 收货区receiving space14. 发货区shipping space15. 料棚goods shed16. 货场goods yard17. 货架goods shelf18. 托盘pallet19. 叉车fork lift truck20. 输送机conveyor21. 自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV)22. 箱式车box car23. 集装箱container24. 换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25. 特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26. 全集装箱船full container ship27. 铁路集装箱场railway container yard28. 公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29. 集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30. 集装箱码头container terminal31. 国际铁路联运international through railway transport32. 国际多式联运international multimodal transport33. 大陆桥运输land bridge transport34. 班轮运输liner transport35. 租船运输shipping by chartering36. 船务代理shipping agency37. 国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38. 理货tally39. 国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance40. 报关customs declaration41. 报关行customs broker42. 进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚物流管理术语1. 物流战略logistics strategy2. 物流战略管理logistics strategy management3. 仓库管理warehouse management4. 仓库布局warehouse layout5. 库存控制inventory control6. 经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7. 定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8. 定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9. ABC分类管理ABC classification10. 电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11. 准时制just in time (JIT)12. 准时制物流just-in-time logistics13. 零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14. 物流成本管理logistics cost control15. 物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP)16. 制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)17. 配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP)18. 配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II)19. 物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20. 企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21. 供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22. 快速反映Quick response (QR)23. 有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24. 连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP)25. 计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO)26. 供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory (VMI)27. 业务外包outsourcing度量单位汇总克 Gram g、公斤 Kilogram Kg、公担 Quintal q、公吨 Metric ton m、t、长吨 Long ton l、t、短吨 Short ton Sh、t、英担 Hundredweight Cwt、美担 Hundredweight cwt、磅 Pound lb、两(常衡) Ounce oz、两(金衡) Ounce oz、t司马担 Picul米 Metre m、公里 Kilometre Km、厘米 Centimetre cm、毫米 Milimerte mm、码 Yard Yd、英尺 Foot Ft、英寸 Inch In、平方米 Square metre Sq、m、平方英尺 Square foot Sq、ft、平方码 Square yard Sq、yd、立方米 Cubic metre Cu、m、立方英尺 Cubic foot Cu、ft、升 Litre l、毫升 Millilitre Ml、加仑 Gallon Gal、蒲式耳 Bushel Bu、克拉 Carat Car、马力 Horse Power h、p、千瓦 Kilowatt Kw、公吨度 Metric ton unit m、t、u、表 6 :常见英文单位Bag 袋 bale 包 bottle 瓶Box 箱 carton/ctn 纸盒箱 Case(c/s) 箱、合、套coil 圈 Container 集装箱 Crate 板条箱Dozen 打 gross 罗(12打) drum 桶In bulk 散装 lot 批 package 件pallet 托盘 Pieces/pcs 件 Ream 令roll 卷 set 套、台、坐 Sheet 张、件strand 股 unit 辆、台、单位 Vial 药瓶专有名词汇总出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税port dues回佣return commission 、装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港port of destination零售价retail price进口许口证import licence现货价格spot price出口许口证export licence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S、S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人(一般指出口商)shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers’ account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan、31st、或shipment on orbefore Jan、31st、一/二月份装船shipment during Jan、/Feb、或Jan、/Feb、shipment 在、、、、、、(时间)分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two lots 在、、、、、、(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two equal lots 分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable订单indent订货;订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘(发价) offer发实盘offer firm询盘(询价) inquiry;enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmationINT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade (或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatorytrade(又叫:往返贸易) counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent轮船steamship(缩写S、S)装运、装船shipment租船charter(the chartered shep)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter;装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人(一般指出口商)shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\L选择港(任意港)optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers或optional charges for Buyers' account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan、31st、或shipment on or before Jan、31st、一/二月份装船shipment during Jan、/Feb、或Jan、/Feb、shipment在……(时间)分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two lots在…(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during、、、、in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月,每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格(时价)current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost and freight到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-cost,insurance and freight。

小学英语新起点四年级上册Unit3TransportationLesson1-章节测试习题

⼩学英语新起点四年级上册Unit3TransportationLesson1-章节测试习题章节测试题1.【答题】( )告诉别⼈要坐飞机⾛，应该怎么说？A. By plane.B. In plane.C. By bike.【答案】A【分析】本题考查乘坐某种交通⼯具的表达.【解答】飞机plane, 乘坐某种交通⼯具⽤by+交通⼯具，选A.2.【答题】为给出的5幅图匹配正确的句⼦。

A. I am going to the bookstore on foot.B. I am going to the hospital by taxi.C. Today is Saturday. I get up at 6:50.D. I am going to the post office by bike.E. I am going to Beijing by plane. Because I want to visit my grandparents.1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______【答案】C A D B E【分析】本题考查理解句意，结合图⽚进⾏匹配.【解答】1.图⽚是起床，Today is Saturday. I get up at 6:50. 今天周六，我6点50分起床，选C.2.图⽚是步⾏，I am going to the bookstore on foot. 我打算步⾏去书店。

选A.3.图⽚是骑⾃⾏车，I am going to the post office by bike. 我打算骑⾃⾏车去邮局，选D.4.图⽚是出租车，I am going to the hospital by taxi. 我打算坐出租车去医院，选B.5.图⽚是飞机，I am going to Beijing by plane. Because I want to visit my grandparents. 我打算坐飞机去北京。

公共场所公示语英文译写规范-第3部分：交通

公共场所公示语英文译写标准-第3局部：交通LtDICSA22 DB61 陕西省地方标准DB 61/T 510.3—2021公共场所公示语英文译写标准第3局部：交通Guidelines for english translations in public places——Part 3: Public transportation2021–01-24发布2021–01-24实施前言为标准我省公共场所英文译写和使用工作，依据?中华人民共和国国家通用文字法?以及国家和我省相关法律、法规和标准标准，特制定本标准。

DB61/T 510?公共场所公示语英文译写标准?分为以下局部：——第1局部：通那么；——第2局部：旅游；——第3局部：交通。

标准本局部为DB61/T 510的第3局部。

本局部附录A、附录B和附录C均为资料性附录。

本局部由陕西省质量技术监督局和西安市语言文字工作委员会办公室提出。

本局部由陕西省质量技术监督局归口。

本局部起草单位：西安外国语大学，陕西省标准化研究院。

本局部起草人：杨燕、陈慧、乌永志、党光清、杨红英、骆红、黄文英、张伟华、朱益平、贺莺、马明、崔建斌、李伟、John Arrant、Judith Jones。

本局部首次发布。

公共场所公示语英文译写标准第3局部：交通1 范围本局部规定了公共交通场所公示语英文译写的术语和定义、翻译方法和要求、书写要求等。

本局部适用于公共交通枢纽名称、交通根底设施及功能信息、警示和提示信息等公示语的英文译写要求。

2 标准性引用文件以下文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。

但凡注日期的引用文件，仅所注日期的版本适用于本文件。

但凡不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本〔包括所有的修改单〕适用于本文件。

GB/T 10001 标志用公共信息图形符号GB/T 16159—1996 汉语拼音正词法根本规那么GB 17733—2021 地名标志DB61/T 510.1—2021 公共场所公示语英文译写标准第1局部：通那么DB61/T 510.2—2021 公共场所公示语英文译写标准第2局部：旅游3 术语和定义以下术语和定义适用于本局部。

以出租车为主题的英语作文

以出租车为主题的英语作文English:Taxis play an important role in urban transportation, offering convenience and flexibility to passengers. Compared to other forms of public transportation, such as buses or subways, taxis provide direct and door-to-door service, making them a popular choice for getting around quickly. Taxis also offer a sense of privacy and comfort, as passengers can avoid the crowded and sometimes uncomfortable conditions of other public transportation options. Additionally, taxis can be useful for travelers who are unfamiliar with a city and need a reliable mode of transport to reach their destinations. However, despite their convenience, taxis can be expensive compared to other forms of transportation, and the availability of taxis can vary based on location and time of day. Nevertheless, taxis continue to be a common sight in cities around the world, serving as an essential and valuable part of the urban transportation network.中文翻译:出租车在城市交通中扮演着重要角色，为乘客提供便利和灵活性。

greencommuting英语作文

greencommuting英语作文English: Green commuting refers to using environmentally friendly means of transportation to get to work or school. This can include walking, cycling, carpooling, taking public transportation, or using electric vehicles. Green commuting helps reduce air pollution, traffic congestion, and greenhouse gas emissions, which can have a positive impact on our health, environment, and economy. It also saves money on fuel and parking costs, promotes physical activity, and reduces the need for new roads and parking lots. By choosing to green commute, individuals can make a small but significant contribution to sustainability and combatting climate change.中文翻译: 绿色通勤是指使用环保的交通方式去上班或上学。

这可以包括步行、骑自行车、拼车、乘坐公共交通或使用电动车辆。

绿色通勤有助于减少空气污染、交通拥堵和温室气体排放，对我们的健康、环境和经济都有积极影响。

它还可以节省燃料和停车成本，促进体育锻炼，减少新道路和停车场的需求。

通过选择绿色通勤，个人可以为可持续发展和应对气候变化做出小而显著的贡献。

SCI分类中英文名称翻译

CATEGORIES分类Acoustics[ə'kustɪks]音响学Agricultural Economics & Policy农业经济与政策Agricultural Engineering农业工程Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science农业、乳制品和动物科学Agriculture,Multidisciplinary[,mʌltɪ'dɪsəplənɛri]农业及相关科学Agronomy[ə'grɑnəmi]农业科学Allergy[ˈælədʒi]变态反应Anatomy & Morphology[ə'nætəmi][mɔr'fɑlədʒi]解剖与形态学Andrology[æn'drɔlədʒi]男科学Anesthesiology[θiː'ɒlədʒɪ]麻醉学Astronomy & Astrophysics[ə'strɑnəmi][ˌæstroʊ'fɪzɪks]天文学和天体物理学Audiology & Speech-LanguagePathology[ˌɔdiˈɑlədʒi][pæˈθɑlədʒi]听力学与言语病理学Automation & Control Systems自动化及控制系统Behavioral Sciences行为科学Biochemical Research Methods生物化学研究方法Biochemistry & Molecular Biology生物化学与分子生物学Biodiversity Conservation[ˌbaɪodɪˈvɚrsɪti]生物多样性保护Biology生物学Biophysics生物物理学Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology生物技术与应用微生物学Cardiac & CardiovascularSystems[ˈkɑrdiˌæk][ˌkɑrdioˈvæskjəlɚ]心脏及心血管系统Cell & Tissue Engineering细胞与组织工程Cell Biology细胞生物学Chemistry, Analytical[ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl]化学分析Chemistry, Applied应用化学Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear[ˌɪnɔrˈɡænɪk]无机化学与核化学Chemistry, 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semitrailer翻译

semitrailer翻译semitrailer的中文翻译为“半挂车”。

半挂车是指一种由拖车和牵引车组成的运输车辆，其中拖车的一部分悬挂在牵引车的后部而无需支撑。

半挂车通常用于长途货物运输。

双语例句：1. The semitrailer is attached to the back of the truck for transportation.半挂车被连接到卡车车尾进行运输。

2. The semitrailer can carry a heavier load than a regular trailer.半挂车比普通拖车可承载更重的货物。

3. The semitrailer has a detachable front part, allowing it to be connected to different trucks.半挂车的前部可以拆卸，使其可以连接到不同的卡车上。

4. The semitrailer is commonly used in the logistics industry for efficient transportation of goods.半挂车在物流行业中被广泛应用于有效地运输货物。

5. The semitrailer is equipped with hydraulic brakes for better control during braking.半挂车配有液压制动系统，以便在制动时更好地控制车辆。

6. The semitrailer has a larger cargo space compared to a regular trailer.半挂车相较于普通拖车拥有更大的货物空间。

7. The semitrailer can be loaded and unloaded using a forklift.可以使用叉车对半挂车进行装卸货物。

8. The semitrailer is designed to withstand various weather conditions and road conditions.半挂车被设计成能够经受各种天气和路况。

商业服务业-公共场所-标识中英文双语翻译对照表

80 百科 Encyclopedias
81 统计 Statistics
82 年鉴 Yearbooks
83 名录 Directories/Who's Who
84 索引 Indexes
16 酒吧 Bar/Pub
17 形象设计中心 Image Design Center
18 发型工作室 Hair Studio
19 餐馆 Restaurant
20 美食城 Food Palace
21 政治 Politics
22 经济 Economics
23 文化 Culture
24 历史 History
25 法学 Law
26 语言文字 Languages
序号中文名称英文名称
1 XX大厦 XX Tower/Plaza/Mansion/Building
2 贸易中心 Trade Center
3 商场 Store
4 百货商场 Department Store
8 进入超市请先存包 Please Deposit Your Bags
9 请勿将饮料带入场内 No Drinks from Outside
10 请排队等候入场 Please Line Up
11 请保持场内清洁 Please Keep the Area Clean/Don't Litter
55 地理 Geography
56 军事 Military Science
57 基础科学 Basic Sciences
58 实用类 Practical Books
59 休闲娱乐 Recreation & Entertainment

公共交通运输系统外文文献翻译英文参考

公共交通运输系统外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Marinov Kim. The fractal structure of Seoul’s public transportation system[J]. Cities, 2013, 20(1):31-39.英文原文Public transportation systemMarinov KimAbstractTransportation systems provide significantly different services than urban suburbs, which often leads to different assumptions about the user's choice of transportation method. The simulation model mentioned in this paper proposes a policy for evaluating the impact of transport services. The mode of transportation is considered to be public transport, including light rail transit (light rail) and buses, plus private cars. In the three-step traveler behavior simulation model, the concept of generalized transportation cost is used. It proposes various types of transportation, as well as advice on residents’ travel options and the quantification of suburban residential community forms, and uses data derived from a typical corridor in Beijing, China. The simulation results show that lowering fares, increasing the comprehensive capacity of public transport, and penalties for private cars are necessary to improve the efficiency of the system and the attractiveness of the suburbs, especially for those withlow income; without roads Pricing will encourage middle-income residents to shift to private cars. At the same time, high-income earners may leave the suburbs due to road congestion; however, improvements in public transportation can attract more short- and medium-distance travelers, but passengers are not sensitive to travel distance.Key words: generalized cost, public transportation, congestion pricing, transportation service, BeijingSince the 1990s, large and medium-sized cities in China have experienced suburbanization, and the spatial structure of these cities has been gradually formed, relying heavily on the advancement of transportation. Due to population explosions and the transformation of the central cities, many suburban towns have developed into residential areas, and most of these newly developed towns and cities are employed by central cities or nearby industrial areas. For example, more than 80% of the residents of the Longkou suburban community work in Beijing or in central cities in developed regions. Almost half of the Beijing community residents are employed in the CBD of Chaoyang District. These areas pose new challenges to traffic policy makers and urban planners in the planning of transportation systems and the provision of operational efficiency.In many cases, border towns connect central cities or industrial parks via highways and city tracks. Compared with traditional cities, suburbanexhibitions exhibit more stable modes of transport use, rely more on public transportation, private cars, and less use of motorized modes (bicycles, walking). Working distance has a greater impact on people's mode of transportation than any single factor. This feature can profoundly affect the suburbanization of the population and restrict some people from immigrating to the suburbs.This article uses Beijing in the northwestern region as a test case to analyze the policies for transport services, mainly the costs and service quality, and will affect the overall transport system and urban spatial structure. The organization of this article is as follows: Section 2 briefly reviews some of the recent literature on the choice of transport mode and compares it with the Haicheng Corridor case in Haicheng City, especially China. The third section discusses the concept of transport costs in general and establishes new concepts, including the use of generalized costs and the obstacles to shifting the cost budget. In the fourth quarter, the passenger transport mode selection behavior simulation model was introduced between public transport and driving, and then it turned to the China experience transport service policy and the selection of Haicheng Haicheng travel mode. In the fifth section, the special mention was made of the rapid suburbanization of the northwestern region using Beijing's light rail and highway. In section VI, the main findings and policy implications are drawn. A large number of research institutions arestudying the choice of transportation mode and individual travel mode. In general, there are three common ways to determine this problem. The first part focuses on the characteristics of each model that influences choice decisions, and the empirical research used to change the results, study people and tourism purposes. For example, the travel-to-work behavior in Accra (Ghana) is primarily determined by the perceived quality of service, commercial commuter cars, and the personal circumstances of the employees, rather than by waiting for the time or the car. In the United Kingdom, to determine the itinerary for visiting relatives and friends, economic factors explain the choice of mode to a large extent, and the reasons for qualitative use of private transport are often secondary (Cohen, Harris, 1998). Examples of images used by Johansson and other Swedish workers indicate that the two sensations of flexibility and comfort affect the individual's choice pattern. According to the experimental field research and statistical analysis in Frankfurt, Germany, there are four types of people. One group seldom pays attention to money and time. The second group attaches great importance to money but does not attach much importance to time. The third group attaches great importance to it. The fourth group seldom pays attention to money but attaches great importance to time. Lin Tancu et al. selected data from 1998 that the Dutch national tourism survey team confirmed spatial allocation, land use and transport infrastructure, and had a major impact on long-distancetravel patterns such as commuting, business and leisure travel.The concept of generalized transportation costs is often used to evaluate and explain tourism behavior. Generalized travel costs include travel time, overtime, money costs, parking fees, and some negligible tips. However, this concept is different in different literature because of different research purposes. For example, generalized cycling costs are as follows: travel time, physical needs, comfort, traffic safety, the risk of bicycle theft, the cost of parked bicycles, maintenance costs, and personal safety. The generalized concept of monetization is usually the conversion of travel time into monetary expenses, increased fees, and fees collected. In this study, the commuter travel behavior was simulated. The three transports are all related to the concept cost. The first one can be defined as budgetary obstacles, including operating expenses, road maintenance fees, and parking fees. The second is the generalized cost and time cost of monetization, including operating expenses, as well as parking fees. Users are presumed to minimize the monetization costs of individuals and differentiate their traveler from travel time and cost. The generalized monetization cost of public transportation is to calculate the time of access to the train station, waiting time, which is calculated based on the progress, waiting time, and fare. Monetization costs include travel time, fees, car operating costs, and parking fees at work locations. The third concept is to determine the cost of the mode transfer cost, that is,congestion caused by discomfort. It is speculated that if the passengers in the vehicle have far exceeded capacity, new passengers will be transferred to other affordable transport methods.Roads that run through cities and villages are usually not only private cars but also public cars. From previous experience, road pricing can greatly increase the user's remaining area, and the cost of public transportation can greatly reduce the congestion caused by long-term travel, especially if the user largely loves public transportation. Option 2 shows that high-income travelers have to abandon plans for regular migration to the suburbs, mainly due to the serious congestion caused by free use. The other group is passengers who have deeply affected middle-income people. They switched from public transport to private car driving.The reduction in bus fares and the increase in bus lines have led many middle-income residents to move to the bus, while car users have shifted to the light rail, especially those short-distance travel. In addition, the study found that a comprehensive policy to improve public transport services and some private car punitive measures will help improve system efficiency and the attractiveness of suburban communities.This integrated system includes the reduction of light rail and bus fares, the improvement of service quality, and the collection of highway tolls. It should be pointed out that the light rail has been designed toincrease the use of public handrails to make public transport more attractive to users, and thus reduce road congestion. According to the simulation results, the reduction in LRT and bus fares and the increase in passenger capacity make this model more attractive to those low- and middle-income travelers. The end result is that more and more people migrate to the suburbs, from low-income to high-income classes. Of course, improvement of public transport services requires government subsidies. This is also a worldwide phenomenon. The economic travel distance of each model is hardly affected by the policies of different transport services. Public buses are used for short-distance travel, while middle- and long-distance people prefer light rail. On the other hand, car users do not matter. The results show that these low-income citizens have moved to suburban economic housing due to existing transport service policies, including relatively high fees for public transportation and roads, and limited light rail and bus lines. Of course, all modes of transport have a certain degree of influence on people working from home.Urban transport is a major area of government policy throughout the world. Transport policy will also affect the urban form, especially suburbanization. In Beijing, many economic apartments are designed for the construction of low-income residents. There are two main issues before the decision on major issues. First, from past experience, a large number of permanent residents in suburban communities are middle- orhigher-income people. And many owners still live in the city center, and suburban houses are only used for vacations. In addition, residents are constantly complaining about traffic congestion and relatively high toll roads, especially during peak hours. The simulation results of this study explain these phenomena and try to give corresponding policy implications.中文译文公共交通运输系统Marinov Kim摘要运输系统提供了与城市郊区显着不同的服务,这通常会导致有关用户选择交通方式的不同假设。

Unit 4 Transportation and Distribution Management

11、what should we decide when we decide the structure of the distribution network？
12、how can we save the distribution cost?
Unit 4 transportation and distribution management
Unit 4 transportation and distribution management
？
1、Why do we need transportation? 2、How many types of transportation are there in the process of logistics? What are they?
We should pay more attention to modernizing the transportation. There are five common modes of mode 方式，样式 transportation 实施，设备，场 Transport facilities are widely enlarged in Facility 所 recent years 条款，规定 The provision to the operation of the railways are very costly.
Pipe transportation
管道运输
Fixed cost
固定成本
Bulk cargo
散装货物
supertanker
超大油轮
Unit 4 transportation and distribution management

精益生产中英文互译

An outline of:Lean Thinking Banish Waste and Create Wealth in YourCorporationBy James P. Womack and Daniel T. JonesNew York, NY: Free Press, Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1996, Second Edition, 2003 Preface to the 2003 Edition. Forecasts are always wrong. That is why lean thinkersstrive to reduce order-to-delivery time. During the 2002 meltdown, this 1996 book went back on the Business Week bestseller list. We have added what we have learned since 1996 in this edition. Lean Thinking is more relevant today. Lean ideas are the single most powerful tool available for creating value and eliminating waste in any organization.Part I: Lean PrinciplesTaiichi Ohno (1912 – 1990), a Toyota executive, identified seven types of waste found in any process:• Transportation. Unnecessary transport of parts under production.• Inventory. Stacks of parts waiting to be completed or finished products waiting to be shipped.• Motion. Unnecessary movement of people working on products.• Waiting. Unnecessary waiting by people to begin the next step.• Over-Processing the product with extra steps.• Over-Production of products not needed.• Defects in the product.We have added an eighth waste: goods and services that do not meet the customer’s needs. Other authors have added: underutilization of peopleLean Thinking is the antidote to waste. There are (5) Lean Principles:• Specify Value. Value can be defined only by the ultimate customer. Value is distorted by pre-existing organizations, especially engineers and experts. They add complexity of no interest to the customer.• Identify the Value Stream. The Value Stream is all the actions needed to bring a product to the customer. If the melter, forger, machiner, and assembler never talk,duplicate steps will exist.• Flow. Make the value-creating steps flow. Eliminate departments that execute a single-task process on large batches.• Pull. Let the customer pull the product from you. Sell, one. Make one.• Pursue Perfection. There is no end to the process of reducing time, space, cost and mistakes.Lean is doing more with less. Use the least amount of effort, energy, equipment, time, facility space, materials, and capital – while giving customers exactly what they want.The Prize We Can Grasp Now. Converting a batch-and-queue system to continuous flow, with pull, will:Double labor productivity• Cut throughput time by 90%• Reduce inventory by 90%• Cut errors by 50%• Cut injuries1: ValueA House or a Hassle-Free Experience? Doyle Wilson Homebuilder found that customers “valued” a hassle-free design process and on-time delivery. All his processes were thenre-aligned to meet this goal.Define Value in Terms of the Whole Product. As the product flows, each firm defines value differently. Think of air travel. Each firm – agent, airline, taxi, currency exchange, customs, immigration – defines their own priorities, duplicates efforts, and works in disharmony with the whole process. The customer is not satisfied.2: The Value StreamThe View from the Aisle. A value stream “map” identifies every action to design, order, and make a specific product. Each step is then sorted into three categories: (1) those that add value, (2) those that add no value but are currently necessary, and (3) those that add no value and can be eliminated. After the third category has been eliminated, the second category should be addressed through flow, pull, and perfection techniques.The Value Stream for a Carton of Cola. The British grocery chain Tesco retails products with thousands of value streams. In the canned cola value stream, three hours of value-added activity take 319 days to perform.3: FlowThe World of Batch-and-Queue. Five-sixths of home-building is waiting for the next set of specialists or rework. Flow principles typically cut half the effort and the time required.The Techniques of Flow. The 1st step is to maintain focus on the product. The 2nd step is to ignore job boundaries and departments IOT remove impediments to continuous flow of the specific product. The 3rd step is to rethink work practices to eliminate backflow, scrap, and stoppages IOT make the product continuously.• Takt time synchronizes the rate of production to the rate of sales. (48) bikes per day sold divided by (8) hours of production = (6) bikes and hour, or (1) bike every tenminutes.• Flow requires all workers and machines to be capable at all times. This requires cross-training.• Flow requires workers to know the status of production at all times. This requires visual controls.• All activities can flow. Concentrate on the value stream for a specific product, eliminateorganizational barriers, and relocate and right-size tools.4: PullPull means that no one upstream should produce anything until the customer downstream asks for it. “Don’t make anything until it is needed, then make it very quickly.” “Sell one, buy one.” “Ship one, make one.”The Bad Old Days of Production. The Toyota bumper replacement system suffered long lead times. The ability to get parts quickly from the next upstream producer enabled re-orders in small amounts. This is the secret to reducing inventory. Cut lead times and inventories. Demand should instantly generate new supply.5: PerfectionThe Incremental Path. Freudenberg-NOK, a gasket manufacturer, improved a single process six times in three years. “Why didn’t they get is right the first time?” Because perfection is continuous.Continuous Radical and Incremental Improvement. If you are spending capital, you are doing it wrong. Once leaders understand the first four lean principles – value specification, value stream identification, flow, andpull – their perfection step starts with policy: a vision of the ideal process, and the step-wise goals and projects to get there. Transparency is everything. Everyone must know what you are attempting to achieve and what area is the first priority. The force behind this is the leader known as the change agent.Part II: From Thinking to Action: The Lean Leap6: The Simple CaseLantech manufacturers stretch wrap machines. “Process Villages” – Sawing department, Machining department, Welding department, Painting department, and Sub-assembly department – all generated long lead times. Batches of ten were manufactured to ship one. Inventory overwhelmed the factory. Order changes created havoc in the plant. “The more inventory yo u have, the less likely you will have the part you need.”• The Lean Revolution. Ron Hicks leaned Lantech. He created four cells, one for each product. He defined standard work: on time, on spec, every time. Takt time wasintroduced: number of products needed per day divided by number of hours (8/8 = 1hour). He right-sized machines to fit inside work cells. He implemented quickchangeover to make multiple different parts with little machine downtime.• Result. Lantech cut 30% excess space, doubled product output, cut defects from 8 per product to 0.8 per product, and cut lead time from sixteen weeks to fourteen hours.On-time shipping rose from 20 to 90%.7: A Harder CaseThe Change Agent. Art Byrne was hired as CEO of Wiremold in 1991. “CEOs are timid to change the shop floor.” Byrne led lean training using a manual he wrote himself. He led toursof the plant to observe waste that his managers were now able to see.• Improvements Must be Fast. Three days was Byrne’s standard.• Post a Scorecard for Each Product Team. Wiremold tracked: Productivity – sales per employee, Service – percent delivered on-time, Inventory – turns, and Quality –mistakes.• Teach People How to See. Create a lean training function. Teach all employees the five principles of lean: Value, Value Stream, Flow, Pull, and Perfection. Teach allemployees lean techniques: standard work, takt time, visual control, pull scheduling,and single-piece flow.• Results. Wiremold freed 50% factory floor space, eliminated a warehouse, and converted $11M of inventory into $24M in sales. Lead time fell from four weeks totwo days.8: The Acid TestPratt & Whitney (P&W). In 1991, CEO Karl Krapek and cost-cutter Mark Coran leanedP&W.• Jet Engines. Founded in 1860, P&W led the aircraft engine business by 1929. When they abandoned piston engines to gamble on jets in 1946, business soared. Production inefficiencies were overlooked.• Overcapacity. Faced with competition in the 1980s, P&W rationalized plant layout and addressed development costs. They needed lower production costs and flexibility toreact to customer needs. Why did P&W need so much space, tools, inventory andpeople to get so little done? Daily output of engines and spare parts could fit insideCEO’s office. Failure to manage ass ets. P&W cut people, cut managers, andoverhauled their entire production culture and processes.• The Monument of all Monuments. A “monument” is a machine or process too big to be moved and whose scale requires operating in batch mode. Monuments are evil, generating huge amounts of waste. P&W had an $80M grinding system, representing obsolete thinking. Although speeding up grinding from 75 minutes to 3 minutes and eliminating multiple manual grinding jobs, in actuality grinding jobs took longer (due to eight-hour changeovers and batch scheduling), and required more people (22 computer technicians). P&W retired the $80M monument, returned to 75-minute production.9: Lean Thinking versus German TechnikPorche. Chairman Wendelin Wiedeking introduced lean thinking to Porche. In 1994, the first-ever Porsche rolled off the line with nothing wrong with it.• Engineers. Porche is led by engineers, intrigued with unique solutions that are difficult to manufacture. Workers are craftsmen. Unfortunately, much craftsmanship is waste.Tinkering with the product – repairing and polishing raw materials, troubleshooting,re-assembling elements, repainting and re-fitting – were thought to be necessaryactivities to produce a high-quality product.• Crisis. 1986 was the boom year. 1992 was the crash. Porche products were tooexpensive. Costs and throughput time had to be slashed. New quality focus: “Stopfixing mistakes that should never have been made.” Reduction in inventory: “Whereis the factory? This is the warehouse!”• Just-in-Time (JIT) Game. Porche asked all their suppliers to play a simulation to learn lean concepts. Lean concepts were critical across all firms contributing to the Porche value stream.• The Remarkable Lean Transition at Porche. In five years, through 1997, Porch doubled its productivity, cut manufacturing space in half, cut lead time for a finished vehicle from six weeks to three days, cut supplier defects 90%, cut inventories 90%,and cut first-time-through errors by 55%.• The German Tradition. The Germans need to stop prioritizing the engineer’s definition of value, “voice of the engineer,” over the customer’s definition of value,“voice of the customer.” A German weakness is a fondness for monster machines that produce large batches: paint booths are an example.• Variety and Refinement Cost. Volkswagen makes four exterior mirrors, nineteen parts each, in seventeen colors. Nissan has four-part mirrors in four colors. Excess varietyoften exceeds the ability of the customer to notice, and his willingness to pay.10: Mighty Toyota; Tiny ShowaShowa has been transformed by its relationship with Toyota. Showa, a radiator manufacturer, had “Process villages” for casting, cleaning, stamping, welding, painting and assembly. Each was run in batch mode with long intervals between tool changes. Mountains of parts were transported and stored between steps.• The Initial Struggle. Taiichi Ohno, lean advisor, promised to reduce three months ofinventory to three days, double labor productivity, and halve plant space for zerocapital investment. This he did.• The Final Element: Rethinking Order-Taking and Scheduling. Showa then leanedorder-taking by scheduling backwards, working to takt time, to synchronize orderswith production slots, exactly four days before shipment time. Orders with incorrectinformation were never passed along.• Toyota Today. Lesson: high-tech automation only works if the plant can run at 100percent output and if the cost of indirect technical support and high-tech tools is lessthan the cost of direct labor saved.Part III: Lean Enterprise11: A Channel for the Stream; a Valley for the ChannelThe Lean Enterprise. No one watches the performance of the whole value stream. Identify all actions to bring a product to the customer, across all firms. There is no privacy. Eachfirm’s costs become transparent.12: Dreaming About PerfectionLong-Distance Travel. Each organization ignores the role of the other parties. The time, cost, and comfort of the total trip are key performance measures. What would travel times be without queues?Construction. 80% of home building is hurry-up and wait, then re-working the construction errors.The Prize We Can Grasp Right Now. Lean thinking can boost productivity while reducing errors, inventories, accidents, space requirements, production lead times, and costs in general. Lean thinking requires little capital.Part IV: Epilogue13: A Steady Advance of Lean ThinkingThis chapter an updated review of Wiremold, Toyota, Porsche, Lantech, and Pratt & Whitney.14: Institutionalizing the RevolutionAn Enhanced Action Plan is the 2003 update to the 1996 plan from Chapter 11.Getting Started [Months 1 – 6]• Find a Change Agent with ability and authority.• Get the Knowledge through an advisor. Start at the big picture before addressing small steps.• Seize a Crisis or create one. Focus on fixing an obvious problem. Small wins. Don’t spend money.• Map your current value streams. Managers need to see. Map also the flow of information going upstream to create a closed circuit. See Rother and Shook, Leaning to See, 1998.• Analyze each step of the Current State. Does this step create value? Is this step capable, available, flexible? Is capacity sufficient? Excessive? Does theinformation flow from the customer smoothly? Every process has a box score:total lead time, value creating time, changeover time, uptime, rework, inventory,every part made every x minutes. If this step went away, what would happen?• Envision the Future State. Draw it.• Begin as soon as possible with an important, visible activity. Convert managers with hand-on activity.• Demand Immediate Results. Everyone should see results which create psychological momentum. One week: less planning, more doing. Identify the waste and remove it.Communicate with your people by showing results at the scene of action.Creating an Organization to Channel Your Streams [Months 6 – 24]• Reorganize Your Firm by product and value streams. Put a Change Agent in charge of each product.• Create a Lean Promotion Team.• Deal with Excess People Early.• Devise a Growth Strategy.• Remove the Anchor Draggers.• When You’ve Fixed Something, Fix It Again.• New: Convince Your Suppliers and Customers to Take the Steps Just Described.Install Business Systems to Encourage Lean Thinking [Months 24 – 48]Create new ways to keep score.• Create new ways to reward people.• Make everything transparent so everyone can see progress.• Teach lean. Learn lean.• Right-size Your Tools to insert directly into the value stream. Large and fast is more efficient but less effective. This wrong assumption is the cornerstone ofbatch-and-queue thinking.• Pay a bonus. Tie bonus amount to the profitability of the firm.Completing the Transformation [Months 48 – 60] Convert to bottom-up initiatives. Lean ideas are democratic and not top-down. Layers of management can be stripped away.New: Convert From Top-Down Leadership to Bottom-Up Initiatives. Toyota gets brilliant results from average managers using brilliant procedures. Competitors get mediocre results from b rilliant managers using mediocre procedures. Don’t search for brilliant managers. Perfect your processes.Reviewer’s CommentsIn 1988 James Womack first described Toyota as a “lean” corporation. Womack and co-writer Daniel Jones described the Toyota Production System (TPS) in The Machine That Changed the World. In 1990, the two toured companies in Europe, North American, and Japan presenting ideas on how to convert mass production practices to lean practices. Lean Thinking, first published in 1996, is a survey of the lean movement. It clearly describes the waste found in mass production, explains the five principles of lean thinking, and then draws lessons from real companies who have successfully implemented lean ideas. Lean Thinking is not a technical how-to text on production, but an enlightened overview of top-level lean ideas and applications. This updated edition includes lessons that the authors have collected between 1996 and 2003, especially the concept of a lean enterprise – a collection of companies working lean together to produce a single product with the least wasted effort and capital. The book is well-written, researched, and organized, and the authors make a strong case that lean is universal and will benefit any organization in any endeavor. Lean thinking and practices are the single most powerful tool for eliminating waste in any organization.中文翻译概述精益思想去除浪费，并在贵公司创造财富由詹姆斯P.沃麦克和丹尼尔T.琼斯纽约编写，纽约：自由出版社，西蒙与舒斯特公司，1996年。

高校英文译名套路

高校英文译名套路为什么“师范大学”译成normal，清华大学是Tsinghua?高校英文译名套路真多!How to translate these Chinese universities' name into English为什么“师范大学”译成normal，清华大学是Tsinghua?高校英文译名套路真多!How to translate these Chinese universities' name into EnglishChina Daily 2022年-07-11 09:00为什么北京师范大学是Beijing Normal University?清华和北大为啥是Tsinghua University和Peking University?上海交通大学为什么直接音译为Shanghai Jiao Tong University?高校英文译名套路多，双语君(微信ID：Chinadaily_Mobile)和大家一起盘点中国大学英文译名有几款。

1以地名命名以地名命名的综合性大学最为常见，这类大学的英译通常没有争议，采用中规中矩的中文拼音作为英文译名。

南京大学Nanjing University (NJU)浙江大学Zhejiang University (ZJU)2以专业特色命名外语类大学、工业大学、财经大学等以专业特色命名的大学在翻译校名时往往会加入相应专业特色。

比如：外国语大学通常采用foreign studies或international studies 的译法;“工业”的译法处理为technology或polytechnical;“财经”则直译为finance and economics。

上海外国语大学Shanghai International Studies University (SISU)北京外国语大学Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU)北京工业大学Beijing University of Technology (BJUT)西北工业大学Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU)上海财经大学Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE)3师范大学为什么译作normal university我国师范类高等院校的英文校名基本译为normal university/ college。

物流专用术语中英文翻译

物流专用术语物流基本概念术语1．物品article2．物流logistics3．物流活动logistics activity4．物流作业logistics operation5．物流模数logistics modulus6．物流技术logistics technology7．物流成本logistics cost8．物流管理logistics management9．物流中心logistics center10．物流网络logistics network11．物流信息logistics information12．物流企业logistics enterprise13．物流单证logistics documents14．物流联盟logistics alliance15．供应物流supply logistics16．生产物流production logistics17．销售物流distribution logistics18．回收物流returned logistics19．废弃物物流waste material logistics20．绿色物流environmental logistics21．企业物流internal logistics22．社会物流external logistics23．军事物流military logistics24．国际物流international logistics25．第三方物流third-part logistics (TPL)26．定制物流customized logistics27．虚拟物流virtual logistics28．增值物流服务value-added logistics service 29．供应链supply chain30．条码bar code31．电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI) 32．有形消耗tangible loss33．无形消耗intangible loss物流作业术语1．运输transportation2．联合运输combined transport3．直达运输through transport4．中转运输transfer transport5．甩挂运输drop and pull transport 6．集装运输containerized transport 7．集装箱运输container transport8．门到门door-to-door9．整箱货full container load (FCL) 10．拼箱货less than container load (LCL 11．储存storing12．保管storage13．物品储存article reserves14．库存inventory15．经常库存cycle stock16．安全库存safety stick17．库存周期inventory cycle time18．前置期（或提前期）lead time19．订货处理周期order cycle time 20．货垛goods stack21．堆码stacking22．搬运handing/carrying23．装卸loading and unloading24．单元装卸unit loading and unloading 25．包装package/packaging26．销售包装sales package27．定牌包装packing of nominated brand 28．中性包装neutral packing29．运输包装transport package30．托盘包装palletizing31．集装化containerization32．散装化containerization33．直接换装cross docking34．配送distribution35．共同配送joint distribution36．配送中心distribution center37．分拣sorting38．拣选order picking39．集货goods collection40．组配assembly41．流通加工distribution processing 42．冷链cold chain43．检验inspection物流技术装备及设施术语1．仓库warehouse2．库房storehouse3．自动化仓库automatic warehouse 4．4．立体仓库stereoscopic warehouse5．虚拟仓库virtual warehouse6．保税仓库boned warehouse7．出口监管仓库export supervised warehouse8．海关监管货物cargo under customer’s supervision9．冷藏区chill space10．冷冻区freeze space11．控湿储存区humidity controlled space12．温度可控区temperature controlled space13．收货区receiving space14．发货区shipping space15．料棚goods shed16．货场goods yard17．货架goods shelf18．托盘pallet19．叉车fork lift truck20．输送机conveyor21．自动导引车automatic guided vehicle (AGV)22．箱式车box car23．集装箱container24．换算箱twenty-feet equivalent unit (TEU)25．特种货物集装箱specific cargo container26．全集装箱船full container ship27．铁路集装箱场railway container yard28．公路集装箱中转站inland container depot29．集装箱货运站container freight station (CFS)30．集装箱码头container terminal31．国际铁路联运international through railway transport32．国际多式联运international multimodal transport33．大陆桥运输land bridge transport34．班轮运输liner transport35．租船运输shipping by chartering36．船务代理shipping agency37．国际货运代理international freight forwarding agent38．理货tally39．国际货物运输保险international transportation cargo insurance 40．报关customs declaration41．报关行customs broker42．进出口商品检验commodity inspection 奖罚物流管理术语1．物流战略logistics strategy2．物流战略管理logistics strategy management3．仓库管理warehouse management4．仓库布局warehouse layout5．库存控制inventory control6．经济订货批量economic order quantity (EOQ)7．定量订货方式fixed-quantity system (FQS)8．定期订货方式fixed-quantity system (FIS)9．ABC分类管理ABC classification10．电子订货系统Electronic order system (EOS)11．准时制just in time (JIT)12．准时制物流just-in-time logistics13．零库存技术zero-inventory logistics14．物流成本管理logistics cost control15．物料需要计划material requirements planning (MRP) 16．制造资源计划manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) 17．配送需要计划distribution requirements planning (DRP) 18．配送资源计划distribution resource planning (DRP II) 19．物流资源计划logistics resource planning (LRP)20．企业资源计划enterprise resource planning (ERP)21．供应链管理supply chain management (SCM)22．快速反映Quick response (QR)23．有效客户反映efficient customer response(ECR)24．连续库存补充计划continuous replenishment program (CRP) 25．计算机付诸订货系统computer assisted ordering (CAO) 26．供应商管理库存vendor managed inventory (VMI)27．业务外包outsourcing度量单位汇总克Gram g.公斤Kilogram Kg.公担Quintal q.公吨Metric ton m.t.长吨Long ton l.t.短吨Short ton Sh.t.英担Hundredweight Cwt.美担Hundredweight cwt.磅Pound lb.两（常衡）Ounce oz.两（金衡）Ounce oz.t司马担Picul米Metre m.公里Kilometre Km.厘米Centimetre cm.毫米Milimerte mm.码Yard Yd.英尺Foot Ft.英寸Inch In.平方米Square metre Sq.m.平方英尺Square foot Sq.ft.平方码Square yard Sq.yd.立方米Cubic metre Cu.m.立方英尺Cubic foot Cu.ft.升Litre l.毫升Millilitre Ml.加仑Gallon Gal.蒲式耳Bushel Bu.克拉Carat Car.马力Horse Power h.p.千瓦Kilowatt Kw.公吨度Metric ton unit m.t.u.表6 ：常见英文单位Bag 袋bale 包bottle 瓶Box 箱carton/ctn 纸盒箱Case(c/s) 箱、合、套coil 圈Container 集装箱Crate 板条箱Dozen 打gross 罗（12打）drum 桶In bulk 散装lot 批package 件pallet 托盘Pieces/pcs 件Ream 令roll 卷set 套、台、坐Sheet 张、件strand 股unit 辆、台、单位Vial 药瓶专有名词汇总出口信贷export credit出口津贴export subsidy商品倾销dumping外汇倾销exchange dumping优惠关税special preferences保税仓库bonded warehouse贸易顺差favorable balance of trade贸易逆差unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制import quotas自由贸易区free trade zone对外贸易值value of foreign trade国际贸易值value of international trade普遍优惠制generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 价格术语trade term (price term)运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税port dues回佣return commission .装运港port of shipment折扣discount, allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港port of destination零售价retail price进口许口证import licence现货价格spot price出口许口证export licence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailing price国际市场价格world (International)Market price离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight 交货delivery轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment租船charter (the chartered ship)交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或optional charges for Buyers’ account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on orbefore Jan.31st.一/二月份装船shipment during Jan./Feb.或Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间)分两批装船shipment during....in two lots在......(时间)平均分两批装船shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable订单indent订货；订购book; booking电复cable reply实盘firm offer递盘bid; bidding递实盘bid firm还盘counter offer发盘（发价）offer发实盘offer firm询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry指示性价格price indication速复reply immediately参考价reference price习惯做法usual practice交易磋商business negotiation不受约束without engagement业务洽谈business discussion限**复subject to reply **限* *复到subject to reply reaching here **有效期限time of validity购货合同purchase contract销售合同sales contract购货确认书purchase confirmation销售确认书sales confirmation一般交易条件general terms and conditions以未售出为准subject to prior sale需经卖方确认subject to seller’s confirmation需经我方最后确认subject to our final confirmation INT (拍卖auction)寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade （或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易）counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent轮船steamship（缩写S.S）装运、装船shipment租船charter（the chartered shep）交货时间time of delivery定程租船voyage charter;装运期限time of shipment定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner驳船lighter舱位shipping space油轮tanker报关clearance of goods陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill正本提单original B\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担optional charges to be borne by the Buyers或optional charges for Buyers' account一月份装船shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船shipment during Jan./Feb.或Jan./Feb. shipment 在……（时间）分两批装船shipment during....in two lots在…（时间）平均分两批装船shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运in three equal monthly shipments立即装运immediate shipments即期装运prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable运费freight单价price码头费wharfage总值total value卸货费landing charges金额amount关税customs duty净价net price印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission港口税portdues回佣return commission装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance卸货港port of discharge批发价wholesale price目的港portof destination零售价retail price进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price国际市场价格world (International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight。

关于交通便利的好处英文作文

关于交通便利的好处英文作文Convenient transportation plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life for individuals and promoting economic development for communities. Here are some benefits of having easy access to transportation:1. Accessibility: Convenient transportation allows people to easily access essential services such as healthcare, education, and employment. It enables individuals to travel to different locations quickly and efficiently.2. Connectivity: Efficient transportation systems connect people and communities, fostering social interactions and cultural exchanges. They help in promoting diversity and inclusivity within societies.3. Economic growth: Accessible transportation networks facilitate the movement of goods and people, supporting business activities and trade. They attract investments, create job opportunities, and stimulate economic development in regions.4. Environmental benefits: Well-planned transportation systems can reduce congestion, loweremissions, and promote sustainable modes of travel such as public transportation, cycling, and walking. This helps in improving air quality and reducing carbon footprint.5. Time-saving: Easy access to transportation saves time for individuals in their daily commutes, allowing them to be more productive and spend more time with their families and pursuing leisure activities.In conclusion, convenient transportation is essential for fostering social, economic, and environmental well-being. By investing in efficient and sustainable transportation infrastructure, we can create more livable and connected communities for everyone.中文翻译：交通便利在提升个人生活质量和促进社区经济发展方面起着至关重要的作用。

绿色出行英语作文60词

绿色出行英语作文60词English:Green transportation refers to modes of transportation that have a minimal impact on the environment, such as walking, cycling, electric vehicles, and public transportation. Embracing green transportation options not only reduces air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions but also promotes physical activity and reduces traffic congestion in urban areas. By investing in infrastructure for cycling lanes, pedestrian-friendly pathways, and efficient public transit systems, cities can encourage more people to choose eco-friendly modes of transportation. Additionally, promoting telecommuting and flexible work schedules can further reduce the need for daily commuting and alleviate strain on transportation networks. Overall, prioritizing green transportation strategies is crucial for building sustainable cities and mitigating the adverse effects of transportation on the environment.中文翻译:绿色出行是指对环境影响最小的交通方式，例如步行、骑行、电动车和公共交通工具。

车票来回英文表达

车票来回英文表达English:A return ticket, also known as a round trip ticket, is a ticket that allows a passenger to travel to a destination and then back to their original starting point. This type of ticket is commonly used for journeys where the traveler intends to return to their initial location. Return tickets are often more cost-effective than purchasing two separate one-way tickets. They provide convenience and flexibility for travelers, as they eliminate the need to book multiple tickets for a round trip. When purchasing a return ticket, it typically includes the departure and return dates and times. The return portion of the ticket is valid for a specific period, usually ranging from a few days to several months, depending on the airline or transportation provider. Return tickets can be bought for various modes of transportation, including air travel, trains, buses, and even ferry services. These tickets can be booked online through travel agencies or directly from the transportation providers. When using a return ticket, the passenger usually needs to present both the departure and return portions of the ticket at the respective check-ins. This helps to ensure that the traveler has a valid ticket for the entire journey. Returntickets are popular among tourists, business travelers, and individuals planning trips where they intend to return to their original location.中文翻译:往返票，也被称为来回票，是一张允许乘客往返于起点与目的地之间的车票。

介绍一种古代交通工具英语作文

介绍一种古代交通工具英语作文English:One ancient mode of transportation was the chariot, which was commonly used in various ancient civilizations such as Egypt, China, and Rome. Chariots were typically made of wood and metal, with two wheels and were drawn by horses. They were used for both transportation and in warfare, allowing for swift travel and efficient means of carrying soldiers and supplies. The design of the chariot varied across different civilizations, with some being lightweight and fast for racing, and others being sturdier and equipped for battle. The chariot played a significant role in ancient warfare and contributed to the rise and fall of many empires.中文翻译:一种古代的交通工具是战车，它在埃及、中国和罗马等古代文明中都被广泛使用。

战车通常由木头和金属制成，有两个车轮，由马匹拉动。

它们既用于交通，也用于战争，可以实现快速旅行和有效运载士兵和物资。

战车的设计在不同文明中有所不同，有些轻便快速，适合赛马，而有些更为结实，配备了武器用于战斗。

战车在古代战争中起着重要作用，对许多帝国的兴起与衰落都有所贡献。