2020年高考英语说明文阅读读理解专练

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2020年高考英语阅读理解专题训练及解析(一)(8篇)

2020年高考英语阅读理解专题训练及解析（一）（8篇）（一）A music festival is a community event focusing on live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presented with a theme. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world. Find your favorite now!Field DayJanuary 1, SydneyField Day means New Year's Day for young people in Sydney. Seen as the city's original multi-stage outdoor party, it's a gathering of friends coming together for a great fun-filled first day of the year. There's an air of hope and positive energy in beautiful surroundings on a perfect summer's day.The Envision FestivalFebruary 22－25, UvitaThe Envision Festival is an annual gathering in Costa Rica that aims to provide an opportunity for different cultures to work with one another to create a better community. The festival encourages people to practise art, music, dance performances, and education. Meanwhile, our connection with nature is expected to be strengthened.The McDowell Mountain Music FestivalMarch 2－4, PhoenixThe McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix's musical celebration of community culture. Since its founding in 2004, it is the only 100% non-profit music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from around the country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.The Old Settler's Music FestivalApril 19－22, DaleThe Old Settler's Music Festival is a nationally known music festival for American music. The festival is held in the country of Texas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler's Music Festival offers great music and activities for the whole family.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读填空七选五说明文》含答案解析

2020年高考英语专题训练阅读理解阅读填空七选五说明文(一)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

What Is Particulate Matter?There are things floating around in the air. Most of them, you cannot even see. They are a kind of air pollution called particles or particulate matter. In fact, particulate matter may be the air pollutant that most commonly affects people’s health.Have a Look.Particles can come in almost any shape or size, and can be solid particles or liquid droplets. _____1_____ These groups differ in many ways. One of the differences is size, we call the bigger particles PM 10 and we call the smaller particles PM 2.5.BIG.The big particles are between 2.5 and 10 micrometers (from about 25 to 100 times thinner than a human hair). These particles are called PM 10 (we say “PM ten”, which stands for Particulate Matter up to 10 micrometers in size). _____2_____SMALL.The small particles are smaller than 2.5 micrometers (100 times thinner than a human hair). _____3_____ We say “PM two point five”, as in Particulate Matte r up to 2.5 micrometers in size.The smaller particles are lighter and they stay in the air longer and travel farther. PM 10 (big) particles can stay in the air for minutes or hours while PM 2.5 (small) particles can stay in the air for days or weeks. And travel? _____4_____ PM 2.5 particles go even farther; many hundreds of miles.Particulate Matter and Your Health.Both PM 10 (big) and PM 2.5 (small) particles can cause health problems, specifically respiratory (呼吸的) health. When you breathe, you take in the air along with any particles that are in the air, like heavy metals and cancer causing organic compounds. _____5_____ Exposure to particulate matter leads to increased use of medication and more visits to the doctor or emergency room.A. Both visible and invisible air pollutants have great effects on our environment, our health, and the quality of our lives.B. PM 10 particles can travel as little as a hundred yards or as much as 30 miles.C. PM 2.5 can have worse health effects than the bigger PM 10.D. Air pollution is a growing problem in the whole world.E. These particles cause less severe health effects.F. We divide particles into two major groups.G. These particles are called PM 2.5.助读词汇particle n. 微粒pollutant n. 污染物droplet n. 小水珠；飞沫micrometer n. 微米exposure n. 暴露meditation n.药物治疗particulate matter 悬浮颗粒物organic compound 有机化合物emergency room 急诊室heavy metal 重金属(二)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2023高考英语说明文阅读专练

近三年（2020——2022）高考真题——说明文阅读2020年说明文阅读真题：1.（2020年新课标Ⅰ）CRace walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.B. It’s less challenging physically.C. It’s more effective in body building.D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts’ opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.2.（2020年新课标Ⅰ）DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’reshort of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?3.（2020年新课标Ⅰ）CWhen you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them---I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It’s formal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditional.4.（2020年新课标Ⅰ）DWe are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolution.C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?A. In valleys.B. Near riversC. On the beach.D. Off the coast.34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.B. They had a superb way of fishing.C. They could stay long underwater.D. They lived on both land and water.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival SkillsC. Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD. The World’s Best Divers2021年说明文阅读真题：1.（2021新高考I卷C）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political ca rtoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System —a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands.B. Popularity of water sports.C. Pollution of rivers.D. Arrival of other wild animals.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?A. The stamp price has gone down.B. The migratory birds have flown away.C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. The Federal Duck Stamp StoryB. The National Wildlife Refuge SystemC. The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting2.（2021新高考II卷D）An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.32. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?A. Soil pollution.B. Lack of workers.C. Aging machines.D. Low profitability.33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?A. Monitor the quality of grass.B. Cure the diseased cattle.C. Move cattle to another field.D. Predict weather changes.34. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?A. He wants to help them earn a living.B. He thinks men can do the job better.C. He is inexperienced in using robots.D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.35. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?A. Increase the value of cattle.B. Bring down the cost of labor.C. Make the job more appealing.D. Keep cattle from being stolen.3.（2021全国乙卷D）During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, theparticipants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?A. It helps him concentrateB. It blocks out background noiseC. It has a pleasant atmosphereD. It encourages face-to-face interactions33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A. Total silenceB. 50 decibelsC. 70 decibelsD. 85 decibels34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?A. Personal privacy unprotectedB. Limited working spaceC. Restrictions on group discussionD. Constant interruptions35.What can we infer about the author from the text?A. He’s a news reporter.B. He’s on office manager.C. He’s a professional designer.D. He’s a published writer.4.（2021天津卷C）In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence (AI) has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we're actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable of thinking and feeling?Tech company UneeQ is heading for its “digital humans”, which appear lifelike on the screen not only in terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to a human, but not quite.What lies beneath UneeQ’s digital humans? Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human features. Speech recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to work out a response. Meanwhile, another AI company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a “digital brain”, that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions “felt” and “expressed” by its "digital people".Shiwali Mohan, an AI scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings. “They're humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human,” she says. “Human qualities also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic (算法)design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that behave like humans.”She then continues, “If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humansreact.”Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health care, and commercial sectors （行业）. “ Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left behind,” says Chetan Dube, UneeQ’s CEO.Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide. “The biggest motivation for such platforms is to popularize AI,” Dube says.Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed. “As we develop more advanced AI technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology,”she says. “'Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans in their goals.”46. According to Para. 2, in what respect(s) do UneeQ’s "digital humans" resemble human beings?A. In the way they move around.B. In the way they act and react.C. In observation and analysis.D. In speech and facial expressions.47. Soul Machines’ digital brain is a technological breakthrough because it___________.A. learns to make proper emotional responsesB. tends to imitate human beings' tone vividlyC. recognizes the speech sounds it receivesD. processes the natural language it hears48. In Mohan’s opinion, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?A. Calculating brain.B. Language skills.C. Instinctive judgements.D. Problem-solving ability.49. What makes many sectors employ digital humans?A. The fear of falling behind in efficiency.B. The urgency to promote e-commerce.C. The wish to spread digital technology.D. The need to upgrade the health care system.50. What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings?A. It's well planned.B. It is promising.C. It is uncertain.D. It's quite hopeless.5.（2021浙江卷C）If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images (图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. “We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth,” said study author Corsin Müller. “Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth havingthe same meaning as angry eyes.”“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions,” Müller told Live Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. “To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them,” Müller said.28. The new study focused on whether dogs can _________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other29. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were different.D. The dogs were photographed before the test.30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the study.D. An explanation of the research method.6.（2021北京卷C）Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December：Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario（情景）this century”．A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events，food insecurity，and freshwater shortages might create global collapse．Of course，if you are a non-human species，collapse is well underway．The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations．Not very long ago，it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so disastrously lacking in flexibility．The international scholars' warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might happen．Collapseology，the study of collapse，is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers of everyday civilization．Among the signatories（签署者）of the warning was Bob Johnson，the originator of the“ecological footprint”concept，which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given lifestyle．With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Johnson said in an email．Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits, the December warning letter says，can we have the hope to reduce their “speed，severity and harm”．And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to be ignored．We all want to hope things will turn out fine．As a poet wrote，Man is a victim of dope（麻醉品）In the incurable form of hope．The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent（执着）on quieting hope that ignores preparedness．“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse，”hey say，“and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future．”28. What does the underlined word“germane”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Scientific．B. Credible．C. Original．D. Relevant．29. As for the public awareness of global collapse，the author is__________．A. worriedB. puzzledC. surprisedD. scared30. What can we learn from this passage?A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits．B. The author agrees with the message of the poem．C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized．D. The global collapse is well underway．2022年说明文阅读真题：1. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷C)Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. ""Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws."We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.C. Inconsistent.D. Unfair.9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?A. Where a driver came from.B. Whether a driver used their phone.C. How fast a driver was going.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.11. What is a suitable title for the text?。

高考英语真题科技说明文阅读理解精选训练(含答案)

高考真题阅读理解科技说明文汇编（科技类说明文是阅读中的难点，学生容易失分，有很大的区分度。

因此，开展有针对性的训练很有必要，本汇编精选近年高考真题，以求把握难度，总结规律，达到事半功倍的效果，）（2020全国卷I ）话题：植物新科技DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show whe n they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）.Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?（2019全国卷I ）话题：利用生物信息进行身份识别CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence （节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard couldoffer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to —regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?A. It’ll be environment-friendly.B. It’ll reach consumers soon.C. It’ll be made of plastics.D. It’ll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.（2018全国卷I）话题：不同电器设备耗电研究DWe may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices – we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.(2020全国卷II) 话题：海狸鼠毛皮的利用问题CWhen you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装）enthusiasts are tryingto bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have（showcased）nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”,says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He s ays it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It’s formal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditional.（2017全国卷I）话题：户外自制蒸馏器DA buld-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container—perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole.Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment zxxk out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A. It’s delicate.B. It’s expensive.C. It’s complex.D. It’s portable.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A. Dig a hole of a certain size.B. Put the cup in place.C. Weight the sheet’s center down.D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .A. the plastic tubeB. outside the holeC. the open airD. beneath the sheet（2016全国卷I）话题: 不同文化背景下的沉默内涵The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silen ce may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gapwith conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and vie w it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of co mmunicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is spea king and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person inauthority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.35.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold参考答案：DACCDCBAADBAAADBDBCDCADB。

2020高考英语专题复习说明文阅读高分技巧课后练习新人教版.doc

说明文阅读高分技巧专项练习AMost damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keepcontrol over his behavior. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating theemotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressionsof anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels( 决斗 ) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behavior on the part of another.Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes.Under most conditions EEG ( 脑电图 ) measures of electrical activity show balancedactivity between the right and left prefrontal ( 额叶前部 ) areas. Behaviorally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition ( 意向 ) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontalareas aren't balanced and as a result of this, we're likely to react. And ourbehavioral response to anger is different from our response to other emotions,whether positive or negative.Most positive emotions are associated with approach behavior: we move closerto people we like. Most negative emotions, in c ontrast, are associated with avoidance behavior: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are ， the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger : the angry person moves closer in order to influenceand control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confrontbehavior is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry ( 不对称 ) o f EEGactivity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy( 同感 ) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.1. The "duels" example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of a nger_________.A. usually has a biological basis2.What changes can be found in an angry brain?A.Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.B.Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas.C.Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour.D.Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition.3.Which of the following is typical of offensive anger?A.Approaching the source of anger.B. Trying to control what is disliked.C. Moving away from what is disliked.D. Feeling helpless in the face of anger.4.What is the key message of the last paragraph?A.How anger differs from other emotions.B.How anger relates to other emotions.C.Behavioral responses to anger.D.Behavioral patterns of anger.BWorking with a group of baboons ( 狒狒 ) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasksinvolving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, whileothers had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboonswere, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of amodel of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboonslearnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboonperform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. Ineffect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to dowhat the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxiousindividuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed didnot, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows thatpersonality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that haspreviously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findingsare significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive( 认知的 ) tasks not because they aren’t cle ver enough to solve them, but becausethey are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from othersbecause they don ’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are tooshy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between allgroup members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.5. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carter ’s research.B. The results of Dr. Carter ’s research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carter ’s research.D. The significance of Dr. Carter ’s research.6. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a newlearning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.7. Which best illustrates the“mismatch” m entioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.8. Dr. Carter ’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through______.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding different peopleD. travelling between social groups说明文阅读高分技巧专项练习参考答案A考点：考查科普知识类阅读。

2020高考英语专题01 阅读理解之说明文原卷版

2020高考英语专题01阅读理解之说明文【2020年】1.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）BReturning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annu ally The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler tim e. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. I t’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?A. It’s a brief account of a trip.B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.C. It’s a record of a historic e vent.D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂in paragraph 4 refer to?A. DebtB. Reward.C.Allowance.D. Face value. 27. What can we infer about the author from the text? A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an edi tor. C. He’s very ambitious.D. He teaches reading. 2.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）C Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing tofewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takessome practice.28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A. They must run long distances.B. They are qualified for the marathon.C. They have to follow special rules.D. They are good at swinging their legs.29. What advantage does race walking have over running?A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.B. It’s less challenging physically.C. It’s more effective in body building.D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts’ opinions.B. Having a medical checkup.C. Hiring an experienced coach.D. Doing regular exercises.31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical.B. Objective.C. Tolerant.D. Conservative.3.（2020·新课标Ⅰ）DThe connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmfu l chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?4.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）BSome parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in paren ts’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A. Building confidence.B. Developing spatial skills.C. Learning self-control.D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.25. What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imagination.C. Parents’ education.D. Child-parent relationship.26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A. They play with puzzles more often.B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.27. What is the text mainly about?A. A mathematical method.B. A scientific study.C. A woman psychologistD. A teaching program.5.（2020·新课标Ⅱ）CWhen you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem d own there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it iseco-friendly.28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A. To promote guilt-free fur.B. To expand the fashion market.C. To introduce a new brand.D. To celebrate a winter holiday.29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D. Nutria are illegally hunted.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A. It’s formal.B. It’s risky.C. It’s harmful.D. It’s traditional.6.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）DWe are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recen t times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo.She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolution.C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the coast.34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?A. They could walk on stilts all day.B. They had a superb way of fishing.C. They could stay long underwater.D. They lived on both land and water.35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaB. Highlanders’ Survival SkillsC. Basic Methods of Genetic ResearchD. The World’s Best Divers7.（2020·江苏卷）BSometimes it’s hard to let go. For many British people, that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their c ountry’s past-age-old castles, splendid homes… and red phone boxes.Beaten first by the march of technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场), the phone boxes representative of an age are now making something of a comeback. Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.About that time, Tony Inglis’ engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out. But Inglis ended up buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them. Today, they are once again a familiar sight, playing roles that are oftenjust as important for the community as their original purpose.In rural areas, where ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt them for l pound, and install defibrillators to help in emergencies.Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities. LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.The tiny shops made economic sense, according to Robert Kerr, a founder of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue a month and cost only about $400 to rent.Inglis said pho ne boxes called to mind an age when things were built to last. I “like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back,” he said.58. The phone boxes are making a comeback ______.A. to form a beautiful sight of the cityB. to improve telecommunications servicesC. to remind people of a historical periodD. to meet the requirement of green economy59. Why did the phone boxes begin to go out of service in the 1980s?A. They were not well-designed.B. They provided bad services.C. They had too short a history.D. They lost to new technologies.60. The phone boxes are becoming popular mainly because of ______.A. their new appearance and lower pricesB. the push of the local organizationsC. their changed roles and functionsD. the big funding of the businessmen8.（2020·江苏卷）CFor those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity. Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However,far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speedthat, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat tissue.Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.A. digest the meal easilyB. manage without breakfastC. decide wisely what to eatD. eat whatever is offered62. Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.C. They could walk at an average speed.D. They had slow metabolic rates.63. What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A. They successfully lost weight.B. They consumed a bit more calories.C. They burned more fat on average.D. They displayed higher insulin levels.64. What could be learned from the research?A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.9.（2020·山东卷）DAccording to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?12. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the l ast paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.10.（2020·天津卷）AHow to Use a Modern Public LibraryHas it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet interesting people, or find out how to start a business.Check out a book. While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books with each ot her through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats(载体形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may bring it in when enough interest is shown.Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups. Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your locallibrary can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce(商会)and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database services you need.36. Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by______.A. sharing their books on the InternetB. giving access to online reading at a library branchC. sending a needed book to a library branch nearbyD. making the checkout procedures diverse37. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library?A. A magazine and an e-book.B. A game and an oil painting.C. A music CD and a kid’s toy.D. A DVD and a video player38. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows ______.A. the kid to learn a new languageB. the parent to enjoy quiet readingC. the kid to overcome reading difficultiesD. the parent to meet their program sponsor39. Your local library can help you start a business by ______.A. providing relevant information and supporting servicesB. offering professional advice on business managementC. supplying useful information of your potential buyersD. arranging meetings with government officials40. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To point out the importance of public libraries.B. To encourage people to work in public libraries.C. To introduce the improved services of public libraries.D. To call for the modernization of public library systems.11.（2020·天津卷）CFor people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switc hes it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.46. What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A. It causes temporary hearing loss.B. It slows down a running man.C. It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D. It keeps the suspect from hurting others.47. The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.A. silence the people around you。

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air than forest trees.As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest，trees tend to grow close together，shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.（1）What can he known about CO2 from paragraph 2?A. It is one of the side effects of greenhouses.B. It greatly accelerates the process of global warming.C. It results from the widespread burning of fossil fuels.D. It prevents the earth from becoming unsuitable to live on.（2）Why did researchers track the diameters of trees?A. To know about their growth rates.B. To find out how much they weigh.C. To check whether they were healthy.D. To assess the carbon amounts in them.（3）What advantage do city trees have over forest trees?A. They are more likely to access growth promoters.B. They can enjoy more water coming from the air.C. They can enjoy more shade from neighbors.D. They are better at competing for light.（4）What will probably be talked about if the passage is continued?A. How urban trees can live longer.B. Why city living makes trees die young.C. How trees respond to dry soil conditions.D. Why faster-growing trees absorb more C02.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

2020年高考英语说明文阅读读理解专练

2020年高考英语说明文阅读读理解专练1.阅读理解Researchers around the world have been trying their hand at making better use of the huge amount of wind energy available in nature to produce clean energy. Apart from this, studies are being carried out to harness(利用) usable windenergy produced by man-made technologies.One useful source identified by Indian inventor Santosh Pradhan about two years ago is a speeding train, which produces fierce wind that can betrans formed into electricity.According to Pradhan's proposal, with a few small improvements in existing trains running in Mumbai, the largest city in India, at least 10,000 megawatts(兆瓦) of electricity could be harvested each day.Building on this principle, designers Ale Leonetti Luparinia and Qian Jiang from Yanko Design have created a device(装置) called T-Box that harnesses wind energy from speeding trains.T-Box can be placed within the railway tracks. It is half-buried underground between the concrete sleepers(水泥枕木), which does not disturb the normal train operating at all. According to Yanko, around 150T-Boxes can be fitted along a 1,000-meter railway track.A train running at a speed of 200 kph can produce winds blowing at 15 miles a second. Based on this calculation, 150 T-Boxes can produce 2.6 KWH of electricity per day. The T-Box's design won a silver medal in last year's Lite-On Awards and was exhibited last summer at the Xue Xue Institute inTaipei, Taiwan Province.Though the figures look impressive, it is important to remember that the design is still at a conceptual stage and hasn't taken into account issues such as pieces of waste material produced by the device and the efforts and costs involved in the maintenance(维护) of the device.We can expect the technology to see the light of the day only after it clears these issues. If so, rail travel, one of the greenest forms of travel, will become greener and more energy-efficient.（1）What can we learn about T-Box?A. It will be fitted on the trains.B. It is based on Pradhan's idea.C. It can turn electricity into light.D. It was invented by an Indian scientist.（2）How much electricity can be produced per day by T-Boxes along a railway track of 100km?A. 260 KWHB. 2.6 KWHC. 150 KWHD. 1.5 KWH（3）It can be concluded from the last two paragraphs that ______.A. T-Box has proved to be effective in harvesting windB. the maintenance of T-Box will be costlyC. there is much to do about T-BoxD. T-Box will come into use soon（4）According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Indian inventor Santosh Pradhan invented the speeding train.B. The T-Box's design won a silver medal in Lite-On Awards last year.C. Rail travel has become one of the energy-efficient technologies in the world.D. The India harvests 10,000 megawatts of electricity each day on average.（5）The passage is mainly written to _______.A. encourage more people to travel by trainB. explain the advantages of electricityC. tell readers how to save energy and moneyD. introduce a new invention to readers2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

2020年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类

2020 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类（精校word版有答案解析）quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了Honey-Lover's Helper独特的掠食方式，帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。

科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。

60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?A. It's small in size.B. It's hidden in trees.C. It's covered with wax.D. It's hard to recognize.【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A bee.B. A bird.C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是：people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。

2020年高考英语重难点突破训练：阅读理解之说明文【含解析】

2020年高考英语重难点突破训练：阅读理解之说明文【含解析】A team of international scientists is due to set off for the world’s biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68--which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change,” she said. “It is important that we get there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water.”Professor D avid Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, “We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and there’s lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try our best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. “Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those species are going to either move or die.”There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic.Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, published by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, “At the current rate, the world’s ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.” However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.1. Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice shelf.2. What do the underlined words “this one” in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.3. What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

新高考英语大题训练3阅读理解说明文学生版

【例题】（2020·山东卷）According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?1. What is the recent study mainly about?A. Food safety.B. Movie viewership.C. Consumer demand.D. Eating behavior.2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.优选例题阅读理解（说明文）大题优练3D. Tall thin persons.3. Why did the researchers hire the actor?A. To see how she would affect the participants.B. To test if the participants could recognize her.C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.D. To study why she could keep her weight down.4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?A. How hungry we are.B. How slim we want to be.C. How we perceive others.D. How we feel about the food.【答案】1.D 2. D 3. A 4. C【解析】本文为说明文，文章介绍了饮食同伴体型和消费习惯对个人饮食习惯的影响。

2020年高考英语5-6月最新全国卷模拟题汇编1 阅读理解之说明文(一)(解析word版)

2020年高考英语5-6月最新全国卷模拟题汇编专题01阅读理解之说明文1.（2020届安徽省名校高考模拟）Great Activities for Nature LoversHikingOne of the easiest and most accessible ways to get close to nature is by setting out on a good old fashioned hike. Hiking generally doesn't require any fancy equipment or special skills, just a piece of map and a thirst for adventure. This activity can be as relaxing as you make it.Backcountry CampingWhy limit yourself to just a day hike when you can have a full weekend for a longer adventure? Backcountry camping involves packing your tent，sleeping gear ,food, and water on your back to set up camp in a remote location. I you’re an experienced hiker and camper ,this is an excellent way to test your survival skills and explore the wilderness.Mountain and Road BikingUnlike long hikes through the woods , biking allows you to cover more ground and travel farther in nature. Mountain biking typically involves riding up and down steep slopes , between trees , and over rocks. If this sounds too intense or your tires aren't suited for rugged terrain( 地形) , consider taking a road bike on paved trails through forest preserves or along country roads.GardeningContrary to popular belief, you don't have to travel beyond your own backyard to experience the beauty of nature every day. If your personality is less adventurous or your mobility restricted, consider planting a garden to grow your own vegetables , fruit , herbs，or flowers. There's something truly satisfying about mixing up a salad with fresh ingredients you grow yourself. One of the best parts about spending time in gardening is that it doesn't have to break your budget and anyone can do it.1．W hat do hikers need for hiking?A．Practical skills. B．Necessary equipment.C．A useful map. D．A relaxed mood.2．W hat's NOT the advantage of gardening according to the text?A．You don't need to go far to enjoy the beauty of nature.B．It gives you a sense of satisfaction when cooking with fresh ingredients.C．It doesn't take any energy or money to do it.D．I’s easy to start it f or anyone who likes it.3．Which of the following can take you to travel farthest?A．Hiking. B．Backcountry Camping.C．Mountain and Road Biking. D．Gardening.【答案】1．C2．C3．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案) (2)

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解"When someone is rude to you, it can put you in a bad mood. It may even lead you to be rude to someone else, creating a chain of rudeness. In fact, this troubling chain may even be caused by simply seeing someone be rude to another person. You don't even have to be the target of the had behavior," stated a researcher.The researchers worked with 81 persons, with occupations ranging from security to business to medicine, who were asked to complete online surveys over a 10-day period. Participants recorded their moods when they woke up; and in the evening, they described their experiences over the course of that day.Each morning the participants also viewed a short video, describing workplace interaction of some kind. Half of the mornings, the video included some kind of rudeness while the other half had some kind of warm interaction in the workplace. Rudeness was conveyed through various means, including a lack of eye contact or unpleasant language.Participants who watched the rudeness videos reported seeing or experiencing rudeness during the day, and they were also more likely to escape from fellow employees to avoid being the victims of rudeness themselves. They reported their overall work suffered that day as a result. Not all participants were affected by the rudeness videos, however. A few weeks before the study began, the participants completed an evaluation that measured their self-confidence and emotional stability among other things. The participants who scored higher on this evaluation were significantly less likely to be influenced by the rudeness.Consequently, one of the researchers recommended that companies hire managers who can limit exposure to rudeness, provide plenty of positive reinforcement (强化) and build a civil workplace environment. This, in turn, could help employees build their confidence levels and help them better handle workplace rudeness.（1）What is Paragraph 1 intended to show?A. The popularity of rudeness.B. A regular cause of rudeness.C. A new finding about rudeness.D. The common disadvantage of rudeness.（2）Why are the short videos played for the participants?A. To make them spread rudeness.B. To educate them on workplace interaction.C. To expose them to various aspects of rudeness.D. To teach them how to use right body languages.（3）What is the probable effect of watching the videos on some participants?A. Being unwilling to work.B. Poor ability to do their work.C. Serious emotional sufferings.D. Less interaction with others.（4）Who may not be affected by the rudeness videos?A.People positive and kind to themselves.B.People keeping calm in stressful situations.C.People owning confidence in others' ability.D.People participating in the rudeness experiment.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，关于“无礼”行为作为一种“传染性”行为是可以避免的。

专题02 阅读理解之说明文(二)(解析版)2020年高考英语5-6月最新全国卷模拟题汇编(第二辑)

专题02阅读理解之说明文（二）1.（2020届湖南省衡阳市高三毕业班联考）It is often said that “a picture is worth a thousand words.” That is certainly true of the images of brief moments nature submitted by international ecologists and students for the British Ecological Society’s (BES) annual photography competition. Here are a few of 2019’s winning entries.“Red Night” by Roberto Garcia Roa“Red Night,” a photograph of a snake curling (蜷缩) around a tree was declared this year’s “Overall Winner.” Taken by Roberto Garcia Roa in Madagascar, the image captures both the beauty of the animal and its vulnerability (脆弱) to human threats like poaching(偷猎) and fires. It vividly reflects the conditions that these snakes are suffering.“Flames in Flumes (水沟)” by Nilanjan ChatterjeeNilanjan Chatter jee’s picture of a water redstart, waiting to catch a waterborne insect near a small waterfall, won the judge’s approval for the best overall student submission. Entitled “Flames in Flumes,” it was the photographer’s attempts to highlight the struggle the river birds, which capture their prey from fast-moving currents, are likely to face from to slowdown in water flow due to planned dams in rivers across India.“The Rhino’s Annual Haircut” by Molly PennyThe ongoing demand for rhino horns (犀牛角) has reduced the population of the magnificent animals to just 30,000 specimens globally. Ecologists in South Africa have to saw off the animals’ horns, which regrow annually. Cruel as it seems, “The Rhinos Annual Haircut,” reduces the risk of the animals being brutall y murdered.“A Side of Fries” by Nigel Taylor“A Side of Fries”— an image of a long-tailed monkey at Batu Caves, Malaysia, holding a box of McDonald’s fries — by Nigel Taylor is just one example of how careless human behavior is endangered animals in the wild.1．What message do the four photos want to convey to viewers?A．The nature is very attractive. B．Wild animals can be lovely.C．Humans must conserve animals. D．Pictures speak louder than words.2．The dams in rivers across India are likely to make the water redstart________.A．go hungry B．get lostC．get caught D．settle down3．Why do ecologists in South Africa saw off rhino horns?A．To sell rhino horns. B．To save rhinos.C．To make horns regrow. D．To fetch high prices.【答案】1．C2．A3．B【解析】本文是说明文。

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解说明文》含答案解析

2020高考英语专题训练《阅读理解说明文》含答案解析2020年高考英语专题训练：阅读理解说明文(一)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Maybe it has been the influence of the current scene: the hype (大肆宣传) among urban biking. Apparently, urban biking requires entirely different bikes than suburban biking does and therefore a Bike Design Project started where five design studios across five cities had to come up with a perfect urban bike. The winning bike will be manufactured for a limited run of 100 bikes and will be in stores next year. Industry, a Portland-based studio, came up with a very interesting bike: one that uses bluetooth and handlebars that tell you when to stop or turn.Industry worked together with Ti Cycles to create a bike with a 3D printed titanium frame. The bike is called Solid and can connect to a smart phone APP: My Bike. This APP alarms a user when a light needs replacement and if something gets wrong with one’s brakes. There is also software called Discover My City, which has a series of routes through Portland’s most trendy neighborhoods, with suggestio ns about where to eat and shop.Nevertheless, the idea with cycling is that you need to focus on the road and not on your smart phone. This bike therefore uses integrated feedback on handlebars. Those handlebars tell a user when to turn, as they will buzz (嗡嗡叫) when a turn appears. As you are getting closer, they will buzz more frequently. And then there is the possibility to control your light via built-in sensors and change gears (齿轮) by pressing an electronic button.Although the bicycle looks highly interesting and can beseen as a piece of art for the designing world, we don’t know if we would like our bike to have an automatic buzz when we are approaching a turn. On the other side, it could add some extra safety to traffic in general. Whether you like the bike or not, you have to admit the Portland-based studio brings the concept of urban biking to a whole new level.1. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about ________.A. the equipment that a hand-made bike requiresB. the popularity of the winning bike in the urban areaC. the introduction of a newly bike in the future marketD. the difference between urban biking and suburban biking2. The 3D printed bike is special in the way ________.A. it tells you where to goB. it connects the computersB. it limits the riding speed D. goes into forest and mountains3. What is the author’s attitude to the newly bicycle?A. Favorable.B. Doubtful.C. Pessimistic.D. Objective.4. The passage is likely to appear in ________.A. A school textbookB. A TV advertisementC. An exhibition guideD. A newspaper report助读词汇influence n. 影响urban adj. 城市的suburban adj. 郊区的apparently adv. 明显地manufacture vt.生产handlebar n. 车把alarm vt. 警告replacement n. 更换route n. 路线concept n. 概念a limited run of 限量in store 准备上市titanium frame 钛框架integrated feedback 综合反馈via built-in sensor 通过内置感应器(二)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2020年高考英语全国卷模拟题汇编专题01 阅读理解之说明文(原卷版)

专题01 阅读理解之说明文（2020届安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次素质测试）M: As you are learning Chinese social problems now, I would like to share the result of a recent survey with you.The researchers asked 20,000 young people in 20 countries, including China, the US and the UK, how they think and feel about the world. They found that 53 percent of those questioned in China think the world is becoming a better place. That’s the highest percentage among the countries in the survey, followed by India with 49 percent.When asked why they felt hopeful for the future, 93 percent of those Chinese youth said it was because advances of technology like medicine, new energy and the Internet might make life in the future easier.However, Chinese young people seem to worry about something else. As much as 82 percent of them worry about climate change. That’s a lot more than the number of people who care about the environmental problems in other countries. We can see that Chinese young people are quite different from their previous generations. I hope each of you can write a report on this problem after class.Venice, ItalyVenice is already known to be sinking, and the masses of tourists that visit the city every year certainly aren’t helping. Locals have complained that tourism, including cruise ships, is responsible for increased pollution in the city.Venice has implemented strict rules regarding tourism: littering, engaging in horseplay, not wearing a shirt in public, leaving love locks, and writing on or damaging trees or buildings are all fineable offenses in the city.Barcelona, SpainLocals in Barcelona aren’t shy about their dislike for tourists. Popular attractions have even changed their rules as a result of tourist activity.La Boqueria, a large public market, banned tourist groups of more than 15 people in 2015.Before the ban, large groups of vacationers often blocked foot traffic while taking photographs, according to The Telegraph.Santorini, GreeceSantorini is a beautiful island off the coast of Greece. It’s often packed with tourists d uring the summer.In fact, due to the seasonal influx (涌入) of tourists, the island imposed a rule limiting visitors from cruise ships to 8,000 per day. 790,000 people from 636 cruise ships visited Santorin in 2015, according to Conde NastTraveler, while the entire island only has a population of just over 15,000.Amsterdam, the NetherlandsAmsterdam has long been a popular vacation destination for party-loving travelers.In response to a rise in tourism, the city has put restrictions on Airbnb so that a rental listing cannot have more than four people at a time, and that tourists cannot keep the rental apartments for more than 60 days a year.21．According to this passage, for which behaviour will the tourists be fined?A．Blocking foot traffic in Barcelona B．Wearing a shirt in public in SantoriniC．Buying a love lock in Amsterdam D．Damaging a tree in Venice22．If you are going to rent an apartment in Amsterdam as a tourist, how long can you keep it within a year at most?A．A year. B．One month. C．Two months. D．A season.23．What do these tourist attractions have in common?A．These places have been popular all year around.B．Rules have been set or changed regarding tourism.C．Local people use violence against tourists.D．The number of tourists has decreased a little.（2020届安徽六校教育研究会高三第二次素质测试）Most new runners assume that the best way to improve is simply to run greater and greater distances. While it’s true that going farther and faster will improve your running skills, most coaches and trainers will advise some level of strength training as well. Focusing on your core is a common suggestion. A recent study seems to back this up. In the Journal of Biomechanics, researchers investigated a symptom that has long confused runners from beginners to experienced ones. A good number of runners, 14 percent to be exact, experience gradual lower back pain. The results of the new study seem to suggest that weak deep core muscles might be to blame. When these muscles aren’t strong enough, the study found, muscles on other area s of the body kick in to keep the runnerup-right, eventually leading to back pain.To understand the role that these muscles play, the researchers had eight volunteers with minimal running experience run along an indoor track. High-speed cameras and 3D motion detectors analyzed which muscles moved, and how much. Once they created a working computer model for each runner, the scientists imitated what would happen if certain deep muscles were weaker, or shut off completely. As it turns out, when a person can’t use their deep core muscles very well, their bodies still want (and need) to maintain a good running form, and uses surfacemuscles to do so.What’s wrong with that? A muscle is a muscle, right? Not exactly. While the surface muscles are often targeted in workouts - they give you a six-pack (六块腹肌), after all - they are pretty useless when it comes to supporting your spine (脊柱). The deeper core muscles, which essentially lie beneath and can’t be seen from the outside, do all the heavy spinal lifting.It’s important to note that even when you’ve made these muscles super strong, you won’t likely notice visible results. But they will probably help you run better and definitely help prevent potential back pain. Perhaps throwing a nice long plank (平板支撑) may work.28．Why do most new runners want to run farther and faster?A．Because they think it can improve running skills.B．Because some coaches and trainers advise them to do so.C．Because a recent study proves it to be helpful.D．Because it’s a kind of useful st rength training.29．What does the new study show us when people do the running?A．14 percent of the runners have weak muscles.B．The muscles on other areas lead to back pain.C．Strong deep core muscles can prevent back pain.D．The beginning runners usually have weak core muscles.30．What happens when people do the running?A．A working computer model can be created.B．Certain deep muscles become weaker.C．They use both deep and surface muscles.D．Deep core muscles probably function first.31．What can we infer from the text?A．Doing a long plank can benefit the runners.B．The spine is supported by the deep muscles.C．Training the six-pack is useless.D．Super strong muscles can’t be seen.（2020届安徽省合肥市高考第一次模拟）The following 4 famous paintings — from Jan van Eyck's portrait to Pablo Picasso's masterpiece — havestood the test of time.The Amolfini PortraitJan van Eyck’s Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck's heavy use of symbolism — while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.The Starry NightVincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas (帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital nearSaint–Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modem Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.The HarvestersThe Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.GuernicaGuernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title 'Guernica' refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid.1．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?A．Guernica. B．The Harvesters.C．The Starry Night. D．The Amolfini Portrait.2．Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons?A．Pieter Bruegel the Elder. B．Vincent van Gogh.C．Jan van Eyck. D．Pablo Picasso.3．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?A．It was painted on wood in oils.B．It described the painter's life in hospital.C．It wasn't widely recognized before 1941.D．It was given away to the museum by a collector.（2020届安徽省合肥市高考第一次模拟）Erik Kobayashi-Solomon spent a day with Dr. Paul Gauthier, a plant physiologist specializing in vertical farming research and came away with several important ideas about vertical farming.Humans have 12,000 years of experience growing food, but only a generation or so worth of experience growing crops indoors. We are still progressing up the technology learning curve (学习曲线). What's more, traditional farming techniques are based on conditions that are not applicable to vertical farming. Therefore, without taking time to understand the science, vertical farming is not likely to be able to live up to its implied promises.The cost of powering LED grow lights is one of the biggest problems a vertical farm must overcome. Dr. Louis Albright at Cornell has characterized vertical farms as " pie-in-the-sky"businesses. He famously calculates, for instance, that the cost of a loaf of bread would be $ 24 if farmed indoors — the cost is too high. Gauthier acknowledges that energy prices are high but points out that scientific work has shown that only about 6% of available sunlight is used in crop photosynthesis (光合作用), so there may be ways of growing the same plants with less light.Gauthier also points out that while energy costs are a bit high, vertical farming does create high efficiencies in other areas. Water usage may be significantly reduced because the same water can be recycled time and again. Fertilizer use can be greatly reduced and pesticides for pest control are unnecessary. It's clear that vertical farming offers real value to society.The future is probably mixed. In some environments — the Middle East, for instance — a move to vertical farming is a no-brainer. An indoor farm in Saudi Arabia, for instance, can use solar energy to power LEDs at low cost without shading out other farmland. In other geographies, though, the expense of establishing a facility places a high bar on growth and profitability. A large vertical fanning and equipment operation only started generating a small profit eight years into its nine-year life.8．What can we infer about vertical farming in Paragraph 2?A．It will replace traditional farming one day.B．It relies on research of more basic science.C．It can be applicable on different conditions.D．It actually came into being 12,000 years ago.9．What does Dr. Albright think of vertical farms?A．They use less light than traditional ones.B．They may seem very unlikely to succeed.C．They can overcome many problems in farming.D．They do not need any natural sunlight any longer.10．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A．The ways of reducing costs of vertical fanning.B．The secrets of developing vertical farming.C．The recent trend of vertical farming.D．The benefits of vertical farming.11．Why is the example of ―an indoor farm in Saudi Arabia‖ mentioned?A．To show vertical fanning can work well in some places.B．To prove solar energy is vital for farming in Saudi Arabia.C．To confirm the expense of setting up a vertical farm is high.D．To argue vegetables do not need to be imported any longer.（2020届安徽省江南十校高三综合素质检测）A new device (设备) works like a solar panel, except it doesn't harvest energy from the sun to produce electricity. Instead, it uses energy from the cold night sky.In the center of this device is a thermoelectric generator (热电发电机), which uses the temperature difference between Earth and outer space to create electricity.As long as one side of it is cooler than the other, the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed under a transparent cover and surrounded with materials that keep heat out. It stays cooler than the surrounding air by getting rid of any heat it absorbs as infrared (红外线的) radiation. That radiation can zip up through the transparent cover and on toward outer space.The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate, which is warmed by the local air. At night, the top plate can get several degrees centigrade cooler than the bottom of the generator.Researchers tested the device one clear December night in Stanford, Calif. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of the device. That was just enough power to light a small electric lamp.Further improvements might develop its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square meter."It's a very clever idea," says Yuan Yang, a materials scientist who works at Columbia University in New York City. "The device still needs improving," he notes. "But this new device may be useful for backup power," Yang says. "It might also provide a bit of energy to people living in areas that lack electricity.""The device could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices," says Aaswath Raman, a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of California, Los Angeles. What's more, this may be useful in areas that don't see sunlight for months at a time, Raman adds.12．How is the device designed?A．It includes two aluminum plates with different functions.B．It is equipped with a heat resistant generator in the center.C．Its two aluminum plates are exposed to air to keep heat out.D．Its generator is sealed by a transparent cover to remain cool.13．What is the limitation with the tested device?A．It won't be expanded to be much larger.B．It fails to produce electricity fast enough.C．It is unable to power small electric lamps.D．It produces a limited amount of electricity.14．In paragraph 6, Yuan Yang mainly intends to .A．evaluate the device on a positive basisB．point out the problems with the deviceC．explain the research work for the deviceD．comment on Aaswath Raman's prediction15．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Lamps Are Powered by the Energy From the Cold Night SkyB．A Generator Producing Electricity Has Been Applied in Many AreasC．Scientists Have Made a Breakthrough in Harvesting Green EnergyD．A Device Uses Energy From the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity（2020届安徽省江南十校高三综合素质检测）Ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions, according to new research.For their experiment, researchers from the University of Toulouse and the University of Arizona focused onArgentine ants, which are only 2-3 millimeters long and frequently move from colony (栖息地) to colony depending on how far food is. Tapping into the ants' talent for fast commutes (通勤), the researchers constructed bridges between their colonies. The bridges varied in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch.Then the researchers sat back and monitored the traffic. To their surprise, even when those narrower bridges were nearly overloaded, there were no 20-ant pile-ups. And traffic remained steady regardless of how crowed the bridges were because ants could adjust to the flow of road conditions."When crowding on the path increased, ants assessed it locally and adjusted their speed accordingly to avoid any interruption of traffic flow," the researchers said. "Moreover, ants avoided entering a crowded path and made sure the bridge was never overloaded."The lesson for humans? The traffic problem mostly lies in our loss of the quality that the ants have. You've probably noticed it on your own commute to work. Driving is fun when there're few cars on the road-a lane-change (车道变换)here, a little acceleration there. Then traffic slows down. But some impatient drivers still constantly move between lanes."Traffic jams are common in human society where some people are focusing on their own personal objectives," the researchers said. "In contrast, ants share a common goal: the survival of the colony, thus they're expected to act cooperatively to get food."The research also suggests that the ever-widening of highways may never free us from traffic jams. As long as we drive along with our own agendas, no matter how many other people are on the road, we'll always end up in a traffic jam. Indeed, less space may be a good thing. It leaves less room for personal choices and forces us to take a page from the driving handbook of ants.8．What did the researchers do to the ants in the experiment?A．They fed them with much delicious food.B．They trained them to avoid heavy traffic.C．They built bridges linking their colonies.D．They improved their colonies constantly.9．How did the ants behave during the experiment?A．They worked together to remove the road blocks.B．They sped up to get out of the traffic jam quickly. .C．They made their way carefully in the given direction.D．They adjusted themselves for the flow of the traffic.10．What is the biggest cause of the traffic jam in human society?A．Poor road const ruction. B．People's inability to adjust.C．People's selfish driving. D．Too many vehicles on roads.11．What is the text mainly about?A．What ants help us do for driving safety.B．What ants can teach us about traffic jams.C．Why ants drive much better than humans.D．Why ants are best at handling traffic jams.（2020届安徽省六安市第一中学高考模拟）It’s a rainy spring morning in M ay, but a steady flow of people from various age groups and cultural backgrounds could already be seen going in and out of the Ioe Fortes Branch of the V ancouver Public Library on Denman Street. One such regular of this branch is Richard Bisson, who lives just across the street. Convenience is a key for the retired court interpreter, as well as access to a wide variety of books in English, French and German.Still, other community engagement plans involve programs aimed at getting youth to read more and use the library. At the Renfrew Branch, which is close to residential areas and surrounded by a beautiful park, the library partnered with the Renfrew Community Centre to design a camp for teens last year. This year, they’re focusing on elementary kids, with similar programs such as the summer reading club.Susan Everall, Neighbourhood Services Manager for the Vancouver Public Library, believes that libraries are social, educational and recreational places, where everybody has access.―A lot of people come in with their laptops, and they spend hours in the library and it’s not necessarily because they don’t have Internet access at home. Sometimes it’s just due to the social feeling,‖ Everall says.When it comes to smaller community branches, Everall suggests that some people prefer the smaller space, where they don't feel overwhelmed.And just like going to your neighbourhood grocery store, Everall believes that community libraries also provide a sense of familiarity, where friends and neighbours can bump into each other.For a regular like Bisson, the library is a place that keeps us informed because reading shapes our ideas, our culture and our way of thinking. Although he doesn’t participate in library events, he thinks that the Joe Fortes Branch serves the co mmunity well, and he’s happy if it provides events for the community.12．From Paragraph 2 we can know the programs this year is .A．founded by Richard BissonB．surrounded by residential buildingsC．designing summer activities for primary childrenD．planning summer camps with the Renfrew Community Centre13．According to Everall, many people take their laptops to libraries probably because .A．they want to be around peopleB．they want to save some moneyC．they don’t want to lose their laptopsD．none of them have Internet access at home14．The Joe Fortes Branch is different from common public libraries in that .A．it was set up for youth living nearbyB．it often organizes reading activitiesC．it makes people feel overwhelmedD．it creates a family atmosphere15．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A．To introduce community libraries and their advantages.B．To make the Joe Fortes Branch known to more people.C．To encourage people to visit libraries in their free time.D．To show differences between public and communitv libraries.（2020届安徽省统一考试调研卷）Camp ChinquekaJune 23—Aug. 17；$ 3,600—$ 10,000The active participants at Camp Awosting’s all-girls sister camp are sure to give the boys a run for their money when it comes time to compete. With everything from swimming to sailing? dance? drama and gymnastics? the campers rarely stand still? and they are encouraged to do it all! Mornings and afternoons are packed with exciting happenings? and when the sun goes down, there are dances? movie nights and more to keep everyone entertained. Ages 6—16.Curious Jane Summer CampsJuly 8—Aug. 16 : Mon.—Fri. 9 am—3 :30 pm；per week $ 585Curious Jane offers small artists in the third through sixth grades the chance to select a theme for a weeklong pr ogram. ―Kitchen Chemistry ―Stop Motion" ―Sew Fun" and ―Spy Science" are just a few of the offerings on themenu. Chances are, once the first session ends, your little camper will request a return ticket. Ages 7—12.New Victory Theater CampJuly 15—19：Mon.—Fri. 9 am—4 pm；per week $ 525Your actors will get an in-depth theater experience in which participants create an entire play all by themselves—from the script and music to the sets and props （道具）--under the direction of experienced artists. They'll also see professional productions of the ―Victory Dance" show and experiment with different art forms. Ages 7——12.Writopia CampAug. 12—Aug. 23；$ 3,675The WriCampia program in the Poconos is perfect for those desiring to pen the next great American novel. Published authors and playwrights help kids learn the secrets to writing? poetry and what makes a great novel? while campers also enjoy arts activities such as photography, theater and filmmaking. In the evening, everyone gathers around the campfire to exchange stories or test their team-building skills. Ages 7——18.1．What is special about Camp Chinqueka?A．Only girls are permitted to take part in.B．Boys will be trained to run for money.C．Campers will get performing experiences.D．All are requested to see a film at night.2．What is ―Kitchen Chemistry"?A．A subject at school. B．A dish on a menu.C．The theme of a program. D．The topic of a discussion.3．Which camp should those interested in writing novels go to?A．Camp Chinqueka. B．Writopia Camp.C．New Victory Theater Camp. D．Curious Jane Summer Camps.（2020届安徽省统一考试调研卷）Researchers in Singapore found that eating mushrooms over twice per week could help prevent memory and language problems later in life.According to the study, published in the Journal of Alzhei mer’s Disease, there is a unique antioxidant (抗氧化物质) present in mushrooms that helps protect certain brain functions.Researchers observed 663 Chinese adults aged over 60 whose diets and lifestyles were tracked from 2011 to2017. In the study, the participants were asked how often they ate six different types of mushrooms: oyster, shiitake, white button, dried, golden and tinned. The findings showed that eating more than two shares of mushrooms per week somehow lowered the chances of mild cognitive impairment (MCi) by 50% against those who ate fewer than one share.MCI is a condition that can make people forgetful, affect their memory and cause problems with language, attention and finding the exact position of objects in space. Changes in behavior can be not very noticeable and not serious enough to be known as dementia (痴呆).Participants who ate more mushrooms were found to perform better in thinking and processing exams and also exhibited a faster processing speed. The advantage was reportedly more apparent in those who ate more than two shares a week or more than 300 grams.The scientists pointed out, however, that they have yet to put up a direct link between the fungi and brain function.The researchers also acknowledged that since this study mainly relied on self-reported information on mushroom intake and other dietary factors (因素), further studies may be required.Still, the lead study author Lei Feng is encouraged by their findings.―This correlation is surprising and encouraging,‖ Lei said.Mushrooms are one of the richest dietary sources of ergothioneine —a matter which humans can’t make on our own.8．What are the findings in paragraph 3 about?A．Diets and lifestyles. B．The percent of MCI.C．The types of mushrooms. D．The benefit of eating mushrooms.9．What can we know about MCI?A．It can strengthen memory. B．It can result in language problems.C．It can make people get lost. D．It can lessen the chance of forgetfulness.10．What is the result if students often eat more mushrooms?A．They will take the exams much more easilyB．Their academic performance improves greatlyC．Their thinking ability is better than the majorityD．They will love communicating with others.11．Where does the text most probably appear?A．Scientific fiction. B．An advertisement.C．A science report. D．Adult literature.（2020届安徽省统一考试调研卷）Not all bad emotions (情感) are necessarily bad. In fact, they can direct your behaviour in useful ways. If you’re stuck in traffic, anger with the situation might motivate you to find an alternative rou te (线路), which will then relieve your stress. But anger is less useful if you’re in the same situation, but stuck on a motorway with no option to alter directions.Emotions have physiological effects, such as raising the level of cortisol in your bloodstream, which can affect your health. Indeed, a new study, published in Psychology and Aging, shows that high levels of anger are associated with poor health in older people.The Canadian study did the study on 226 adults aged 59-93. They took blood samples to assess levels of chronic (慢性的) low-grade inflammation (炎症) and asked the participants to report any age-related chronic illnesses they might have. The participants also completed a short questionnaire about the level of anger or sadness they experienced in three typical days over a one-week period.For the analysis, the researchers considered whether age could affect the results. They found that higher levels of anger were associated with inflammation and ill health in the oldest participants (aged 80 and above), but not the youngest ones (59-79 years). Sadness was not associated with inflammation or ill health in either age group.The study is cross-sectional, meaning that it assessed a group of people at a single point in time. To get a fuller understanding of the relationship between bad emotions and health, we need studies that follow participants for a period of time — so-called prospective observation studies. Future studies should also take into account other factors that might relate, such as other emotions, stress and personality.Although this new research shows a link between emotion and health in older age, we do not know whether anger causes inflammation and illness or whether health problems make people angrier.12．What does the underlined word ―alter‖ in paragraph 1 mean?A．Change. B．Control.C．Measure. D．Operate.13．Why were participants taken blood samples?A．To analyze their levels of health.B．To fill in the form of questionnaires.。

2020年高考英语阅读理解专项训练09 说明文练习

1Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years,but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small,tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that10,000years ago,when the world had just five to ten million people,they spoke perhaps12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards,many of those people started settling down to become farmers,and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation.the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education.especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English.Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present,the world has about6800languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages.often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around200languages；the Americas about 1,000.Africa2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over400of the total of6,800languages are close to extinction(消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick,at random,Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150).Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia(one,with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patters.D.They were closely connected29.Which of the following best explains"dominant"underlined in paragraph2？plex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modem.30.How many languages are spoken by less than6,000people at present?A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,20031.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People’s lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.2As data and identity theft becomes more and more common,the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.At present,these technologies are still expensive,though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus,the keyboard can determine people's identities,and by extension,whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology,the researchers had100volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A.To reduce pressure on keys.B.To improve accuracy in typingC.To replace the password system.D.To cut the cost of e-space protection.29.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？puters are much easier to operate.B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.D.Data security measures are guaranteed.30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？A.It'll be environment-friendly.B.It'll reach consumers soon.C.It'll be made of plastics.D.It'll help speed up typing.31.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diary.B.A guidebookC.A novel.D.A magazine.3A build-it-yourself solar still （蒸馏器）is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available ．Developed by two doctors in the U ．S ．Department of Agriculture,it’s an excellent water collector ．Unfortunately,you must carry the necessary equipment with you,since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes ．The only components required,though,are a 55''⨯sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic,six feet of plastic tube,and a container —perhaps just a drinking cup —to catch the water ．These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt ．To construct a working still,use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep ．Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity ．Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole ．Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up —and out —the side of the hole ．Next,cover the hole with the plastic sheet,securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock ．The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体)with 45-degree-angled sides ．The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over,and no more than three inches above,the cup ．The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic ．Ground water evaporates (蒸发)and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form,run down the material and fall off into the cup ．When the container is full,you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink ．32．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?A ．It’s delicate ．B ．It’s expensive ．C ．It’s complex ．D ．It’s portable ．33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher”in paragraph 2refer to?A ．The tube ．B ．The still ．C ．The hole ．D ．The cup ．34．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?A ．Dig a hole of a certain size ．B ．Put the cup in place ．C ．Weight the sheet’s center down ．D ．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet ．35．When a solar still works,drops of water come into the cup form．A ．the plastic tubeB ．outside the holeC ．the open airD ．beneath the sheetTerrafugia Inc．said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year．The vehicle-named the Transition–has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car．The Transition，which flew at1，400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around70miles per hour on the road and115in the air．It flies using a23-gallon tank of gas and bums5gallons per hour in the air．On the ground,it gets35miles per gallon．Around100people have already put down a$10，000deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show．But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways．It’s expected to cost$279，000．And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic．The car needs a runway．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s，according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert．But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality．The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly．The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards．Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete20hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet．28．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．The basic data of the Transition．B．The advantages of flying cars．C．The potential market for flying cars．C．The designers of the Transition．29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?A．It causes traffic jams．B．It is difficult to operate．C．It is very expensive．D．It bums too much fuel．30．What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?A．Cautious B．Favorable．C．Ambiguous．D．Disapproving．31．What is the best title for the text?A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition’s Fist FlightC．Pilots’Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to RealityReading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.29.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A.To explain what they are.B.To introduce BookCrossing.C.To stress the importance of reading.D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.30.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph2refer to?A.The book.B.An adventure.C.A public place.D.The identification number.31.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A.Meet other readers to discuss it.B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.C.Pass it on to another reader.D.Mail it back to its owner.32.What is the best title for the text?A.Online Reading:A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books:A new TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books6If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October21, but since it has caught on,events now spread out over most of October around Britain.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets,it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence,such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn’t taste of anything special,it’s still worth a try,as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette,but you’ll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it,so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.At the events,you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions,and because these are family affairs,children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit,including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience,try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale,near Faversham in Kent.28.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.29.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.30.What does the underlined phrase“a pipe dream”in Paragraph3mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.31.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.参考答案1.BCBC2.DCBD3.DBCD4.ACBD5.BACD6.DCBB。

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Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn't it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and China's Huawei both launched foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X respectively. Mobile phone use has entered the "foldable future", The Verge noted.The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, they're "the combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a single device".The technology could change other devices, too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space.In a keynote address, Samsung's senior vice president of mobile product marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen "the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow". "It's a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together." he said.So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? According to tech news website Android Authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every 10 OLED (二极管) screens produced were imperfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That's a price that few people will be able to afford.But if the foldable device isn't going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, "Few are debating if foldable or rollable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom."（1）What can be the best title for the text?A. Screen devices on the market.B. Foldable age is arriving.C. Possible powers of a tablet.D. Foldable screens are imperfect.（2）What can we learn from Justin Denison's words?A. The foldable screen has great potential.B. The Galaxy Fold still has many problems.C. The production of foldable phones will soon increase.D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phone.（3）What is the problem with foldable phones at the moment?A. They are easy to break.B. They are inconvenient to carry.C. They are not as useful as expected.D. They are unaffordable for most families.（4）What is the author's attitude toward the future of the foldable screen?A. Worried.B. Cautious.C. Positive.D. Unconcerned.3.阅读理解When you cross deep water driving too fast, you risk splashing water up into the air box and having it get sucked into the internal engine, which is more common than you think. There are a few steps you should take to clear the water out before you try to start it:⒈First, drain the fuel tank, fuel lines and the oil. While it's draining, put a fan on the wiring and dry it out. Remove and clean the carburetor (化油器).⒉Take the plugs out of the engine and turn it over to force any water out. Water will come out with the oil. Add oil to the engine and turn it over again, without the plug in. Let it sit for a while, then observe the oil to tell if there's any water in it (it will look like a white milky substance if there is water mixed with the oil). If it's there, drain it again and start over until there is little or no white showing in the oil.⒊Now re-install the spark plug, add gas, then try to start the engine. You should have a can of ether (乙醚) handy just in case it's stubborn, but don't use too much. If it starts, let it run for a few minutes without making it work faster.⒋After it runs for several minutes, shut it off, drain the oil and change the filter(过滤网). Run it again for a few minutes then shut it off and checks again for milky colored oil. If you have none, you should be good to go.⒌If you cannot start the engine, you may have already ruined it and you will probably need to seek a professional to repair it, or, more likely, you'll have to replace it.（1）According to the passage, a driver turns the engine over after oil is added to it so that he can _______.A. drain the oil and change the filter without any difficultyB. re-install the spark plug and get ready to start the car againC. make a milky substance which is the mixture of water and oilD. see whether there is any water in the engine by checking the oil（2）The underlined word “stubborn” in paragraph 4 may probably means ________.A. reluctant to changeB. hard to switch onC. insufficient to burnD. unable to take in（3）This passage may be most helpful to ________.A. a policeman who knows much about car accidentsB. a secretary who has just driven across a small pondC. a driver who is incapable of fixing the car by himselfD. a teacher who is to carry out her routine car maintenance4.阅读理解Do you drink water that's been left sitting out overnight or even for another day? Have you noticed it tastes different?Tap water that has been left to sit out slowly begins to acquire(获得) off taste. Many people think that this is because of microorganisms. But that's not what makes old water taste not fresh. For that we can thank carbon dioxide. After about 12 hours, tap water starts to go flat as carbon dioxide in the air starts to mix with the water in the glass, lowering its PH and giving it an off taste. But it's most likely safe to drink.However, back to those microorganisms. If you use a dirty glass day after day, there is more of a chance of bacteria making themselves known; a risk that increases if you share the glass with another mouth as well. But assuming(假设) you use a fresh glass every few days, you probably won't have a problem unless the glass has been touched by dirty fingers, and especially if those dirty fingers went unwashed after using the bathroom.As for plastic water bottles that have been left out in the sun or in the car, step away from the bottle, warns Dr. Kellogg Schwab, director of the Johns Hopkins University Water Institute. "A chemical called biphenyl-A, or BPA, along with other things used to make plastic can leach(过滤) into your water if the bottle heats up or sits in the sun," he explains. BPA, as you probably know, has been linked to everything from heart disease to cancer. Schwab also adds that plastic used for commercial bottled water isn't meant to be washed or refilled, so use only one time and recycle. Or don't buy them at all; use refillable water bottles instead.（1）Tap water begin to acquire an off taste because of______ .A. carbon dioxideB. BPAC. the glassD. the microorganism（2）According to Paragraph 2, tap water that's been left sitting out for 12 hours____.A. contains few microorganismsB. is still safe to drinkC. tastes betterD. is most likely undrinkable（3）What should we do with plastic water bottles that have been left out in the sun or in the car?A. Use them after they cool down.B. Clean them and use them again.C. Throw them away.D. Refill them with fresh water（4）Which of the following is true about BPA?A. It is safe for people to use.B. It is a kind of new material.C. It is the main material to make plastic.D. It can cause great harm to people.5.阅读理解A lifetime of active exercise will let you keep the body of a 20-year-old well into your 70s, scientists have found.The physical decline (衰退) thought to be an unavoidable part of ageing is actually the result of not exercising enough, according to the research, which found that regular cyclists kept the muscles, lungs, and even the immune system (免疫系统) of people years younger. Besides, many serious health problems could be prevented if people became more active, researchers insist.Janet Lord, a leading researcher, said, “Our findin gs prove the false belief that ageing automatically makes us weaker. We now have strong evidence that encouraging people to do regular exercise throughout their lives can solve the problem that we are living longer but not healthier.”She looked at 125 cyclists aged 55 to 79 who had been exercising regularly for 25 years and compared them with 75 ordinary people of a similar age and 55 people aged 20 to 36. On a series of physical measures, the cyclists showed no difference from people much younger in their immune systems and making T cells.Now Professor Lord aims to discover how much exercise people need to do to stay young. “You needn't work out a lot. It may be intensity (强度) that helps—like going up and down the stairs ten times a day.”While there is no magic method of staying mentally and physically fit in later life, the benefits of keeping active can never be ignored, whatever your age or state of health.（1）According to the research, what is the reason for physical decline?A. The failure of lungs.B. The poor state of health.C. The increase of physical activity.D. The lack of regular exercise.（2）Which of the following statements would Professor Lord probably agree with?A. Ageing automatically makes people increasingly weaker.B. People need a large amount of exercise to stay young.C. The intensity of exercise matters in slowing down ageing.D. What people need to stay fit in later life is a magic method.（3）What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To stress the importance of being physically active.B. To explain the effects of the immune system.C. To introduce the ways to stay fit.D. To discuss the benefits of regular cycling.6.阅读理解Many leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth.The reason why many reject this as science fiction is that we've traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind ofinformation-processing performed by elementary particles(基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one can't build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that we've only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is potential in nature and use it to help humanity.If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying(扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrow's toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved ones dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable(可持续的) energy?I'm optimistic that we can develop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning from mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with fire and then invented fire extinguishers, and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, it's an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI—where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time.（1）How do many people feel about leading AI researchers' predictions?A. AcceptableB. CuriousC. DoubtfulD. Disappointed（2）What does the author think of intelligence?A. We know little about it.B. It belongs to human beings.C. It is too difficult to understand.D. We have a good command of it.（3）What does the underlined word "upside" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Cost.B. Potential.C. Quantity.D. Advantage.（4）What's important for us in the race between people and technology?A. Learning from failure.B. Increasing our intelligence.C. Avoiding making mistakes.D. Making accurate predictions.7.阅读理解Scientists today are making greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way -- by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years' experience, he started this type of research in the early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear.Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the shoes — about 60,000 in total — fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didn't. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the water and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents.The Pacific Northwest is one of the world's best areas for beachcombing(海滩搜寻) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings of their study.As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.（1）Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _____________.A. what caused the shipping accidentB. when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident（2）How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By collecting information from beachcombers.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.C. By searching the web for ocean currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library. （3）Ebbesmeyer is most famous for ___________________.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the sea（4）What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call people's attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.8.阅读理解Why do we dream? It's a question researchers have been studying for years. Now new research suggests that some dreams may result from the brain's effort to keep learning, even as we sleep.In a study in Boston,100 volunteers were trained for an hour on a maze(迷宫). They tried to find their way through the difficult puzzle as quickly as possible. Then half of the volunteers were allowed to sleep for 90 minutes. The other half stayed awake, reading or relaxing. The ones who slept were asked to describe their dreams when they woke up.After the rest, the volunteers were asked again to solve the maze. Those who hadn't slept showed no improvement or did even worse after the break. Sleepers who didn't report any maze-related dreams did better but showed only a little improvement. However, four nap-takers who reported dreaming about the maze showed a surprising improvement. They scored 10 times higher after sleeping and dreaming about the maze.Even though the number of dreamers was small, the researchers noted that the gap in learning between the dreamers and non-dreamers was so wide that the finding was significant(有意义的).The dreamers had all performed poorly on the test before dreaming about it. That suggests that struggling with a task might be the trigger that leads the sleeping brain to focus on it and work on how to deal with it."It's almost as if your brain is going through everything that happened today," Dr Stickgold, a scientist at Harvard Medical School, said. "The things you're obsessed(迷住) with are the ones that your brain forces you to continue to do with."（1）What were the volunteers asked to do after the rest?A. To work on a new maze.B. To continue to do the maze.C. To talk with each other about their dreams.D. To tell what they thought about the maze.（2）According to the study, which group showed the greatest improvement?A. Those who didn't sleep.B. Those who slept but didn't dream.C. Those who dreamed about the maze while sleeping.D. Those who thought about the maze before falling asleep.（3）The underlined word "trigger" in Paragraph 5 probably means "_______".A. chanceB. causeC. wayD. idea（4）What's the best title for this passage?A. Learning While You DreamB. What Dreams Stand forC. Dream a Good DreamD. Dreams and Health9.阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。

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