企业负债经营的问题与对策(外文)复习课程
企业负债经营存在的问题与对策
财经纵横企业负债经营存在的问题与对策冯传晶 辽宁师范大学海华学院管理系摘要:伴随着市场经济的成长与发展,众多企业开始运用负债经营的方式来进行融资。
采用负债经营有许多好处,但是企业在负债经营的过程中存在一些问题,如负债率较高,对于能承担的负债金额估摸不清,对于负债金额的运用时机与公司的经营结构不合理等。
对于这些潜在的风险应该对其进行研究,并且树立风险意识规避风险,优化企业的经营结构,寻求最适合企业发展的最佳负债经营模式。
关键词:负债经营;风险;经营结构中图分类号:F275.1 文献识别码:A 文章编号:1001-828X(2018)009-0179-03一、引言在竞争尤其激烈的这个大的市场环境下,更多的企业开启了负债经营这种经营模式。
公司之所以选择负债来运营其公司,是因为这种运营方式可以让公司变得强大。
比如,生产企业就可以有多余的资金去建立新的工厂,商业企业,类似连锁超市,就可以多开几家门市。
如此,公司才能有能力和其他公司进行对抗,让公司取得举债达到的正向结果,而且还能够将资金利息在税前得到扣除,获得节税效益,更能有效地规避货币贬值的风险,使得企业的资金成本得以降低。
但是,负债运营也使得企业的财务危险增加不少。
因此,不管怎么样,公司都要周旋在举债和风险之间,不可越雷池。
很多时候没有规矩就不成方圆,公司想要使得其财务上的危险没有那么高,就得建设一定得制度。
有了很好的规范,公司就能够获得最大的利益。
基于此,研究企业举债运营和财务危险的意义就显得特别的突出。
二、企业负债经营概述1.企业负债经营概念负债是企业在过去或现在的经营过程中所发生的,须以未来的资产或劳务偿还的货币量经济义务。
企业为了日常经营活动的顺利进行,为了扩张企业的规模,创造更大的利益,需要通过负债经营来借入资金来满足上述等活动。
在会计层次上,负债经营可以表现在:长期借款、短期借款、应付账款等方面。
大部分企业只通过自有资产无法满足各种经营活动,因此通过负债可以获得资金,是企业发展,筹集资金的最重要的手段,对于每一个企业的发展都有非常的意义。
负债经营的风险与对策
负债经营的风险与对策一、负债经营概述负债经营是指企业通过向银行、非银行金融机构、企业等借款或发行债券等方式,利用财务杠杆效应,获取经营资金,扩大市场份额,降低财务风险的一种经营方式。
在负债经营中,企业需要承担一定的债务负担,同时也面临着多种风险。
二、负债经营的风险负债规模过大:当企业负债规模过大时,利息支出和本金偿还压力加大,企业面临较大的财务风险和经营压力。
负债结构不合理:如果企业的负债结构不合理,如短期负债占比过高或长期负债占比过高,会导致企业面临较大的再融资风险和利率风险。
负债偿还压力大:企业通过借款或发行债券等方式获取经营资金,需要按时偿还本金和支付利息。
如果企业无法按时偿还债务,将面临违约风险和诉讼风险。
负债资金使用效益低:如果企业对于负债资金的使用效益较低,无法实现预期的收益和利润,将导致企业面临财务危机和经营风险。
宏观经济环境恶化:当宏观经济环境恶化时,市场需求下降,企业销售收入减少,同时财务状况恶化,企业面临较大的财务风险和经营压力。
市场竞争激烈:市场竞争激烈会导致企业市场份额下降,销售收入减少,同时企业为了保持竞争力需要不断投入资金进行研发和市场推广,加大了企业的财务压力和风险。
企业经营管理不善:如果企业经营管理不善,如产品品质问题、管理漏洞等,会导致企业面临较大的经营风险和财务风险。
资金流动性差:如果企业资金流动性差,无法及时偿还债务或支付利息,将导致企业面临违约风险和诉讼风险。
风险管理不足:如果企业对于风险管理不足,无法及时发现和应对风险,将导致企业面临较大的经营风险和财务风险。
过度依赖债务融资:如果企业过度依赖债务融资,当市场环境发生变化或企业经营出现问题时,将无法及时筹措资金并面临财务风险。
三、负债经营的对策控制负债规模:企业在制定负债经营策略时,应该根据自身情况和市场环境,合理控制负债规模,避免过度负债导致的财务风险。
优化负债结构:企业应该根据自身情况和市场环境,合理安排短期负债和长期负债的比例,优化负债结构,降低再融资风险和利率风险。
浅谈企业负债经营的利弊及对策
浅谈企业负债经营的利弊及对策企业负债经营是指企业为了扩大经营规模或进行其他投资活动,通过向外借款或发行债券等方式筹集资金,使企业负债增加以支持企业发展。
负债经营在一定程度上可以帮助企业加快发展,但也存在着一定的利弊及风险。
本文将浅谈企业负债经营的利弊及对策,希望能够对企业在进行负债经营时有所启发和帮助。
一、负债经营的利与弊1. 利:(1)融资渠道多样化。
企业通过负债经营可以通过向金融机构借贷、发行债券等多种方式筹集资金,满足企业不同层次、不同期限的融资需求。
(2)提高企业经营效率。
通过贷款等方式募集资金,可以加速企业的扩张和投资,提高企业经营效率,促进企业更快的发展。
(3)降低企业资本成本。
在一定程度上,通过负债经营可以降低企业的资本成本,提高企业的盈利能力。
2. 弊:(1)财务风险增加。
负债经营增加了企业的财务杠杆,一旦经营不善或市场环境变化,会对企业造成较大的财务风险,甚至导致企业破产。
(2)资金压力加大。
由于负债经营会增加企业的负债规模,导致企业需要支付更多的利息和本金,加大了企业的资金压力。
(3)破坏企业形象。
企业负债过多会导致企业形象受损,影响企业的信誉和市场地位,给企业带来不利影响。
二、对策1. 积极开展负债经营前的调查研究。
企业在进行负债经营前应充分调查研究市场环境、行业发展趋势、企业自身实力等因素,评估负债经营的风险和收益,以便更好地把握负债经营的机会和风险。
2. 控制负债比率。
企业负债比率是衡量企业偿债能力和安全性的重要指标,企业应根据自身情况制定合理的负债比率目标,并加强对负债比率的监控,避免过度负债。
3. 合理利用负债资金。
企业在进行负债经营时,应合理利用负债资金,将资金运用于能够带来更多收益的领域,确保负债资金的有效利用。
4. 提高企业盈利水平。
企业应通过提高经营管理水平、创新产品和服务、降低生产成本等方式加强盈利能力,降低对外借贷的依赖程度。
5. 加强财务风险管理。
企业在进行负债经营时,应加强财务风险管理,建立健全的风险管理体系,完善财务预警机制,及时发现和解决财务风险问题。
负债培训课程powerpoint171页
流动负债
短期借款
应付票据
应付账款
应付股利
应付职工薪酬
应交税费
应付利息
其他应付款
预收账款
短期借款是指企业向银行或其他金融机构等借入的期限在1年以下(含1年)的各种借款。一般是企业为维持正常的生产经营所需的资金而借入的或者为抵偿某项债务而借入的款项。短期借款的核算主要涉及三个方面:
企业以其自产产品作为非货币性福利发放给职工的,应当根据受益对象,按照该产品的公允价值,计入相关资产成本或当期损益,同时确认应付职工薪酬。
借:生产成本 制造费用 管理费用 贷:应付职工薪酬——非货币性福利
将企业拥有的房屋等资产无偿提供给职工使用的,应当根据受益对象,将该住房每期应计提的折旧计入相关资产成本或当期损益,同时确认应付职工薪酬。
预收账款
账务处理:
借:银行存款 贷:预收账款 借:预收账款 贷:主营业务收入 应交税费——应交增值税(销项税额)
购货单位补付款项:借:银行存款 贷:预收账款退回多付的款项:相反分录。
企业转销确实无法支付的应付账款应按其账面余额计入营业外收入,借记“应付账款”科目,贷记“营业外收入”科目。 借:应付账款 贷:营业外收入
需要注意的是:
是指企业按照合同规定向购货单位预收的款项。与应付账款不同,预收账款所形成的负债不是以货币偿付,而是以货物偿付。
难以认定受益对象的非货币性福利,直接计入当期损益和应付职工薪酬。
发放职工薪酬的处理
企业按照有关规定向职工支付工资奖金津贴等。借:应付职工薪酬——工资 贷:银行存款 库存现金
企业从应付职工薪酬中扣还的各种款项(代垫的家属药费、个人所得税等)借:应付职工薪酬 贷:银行存款 库存现金 其他应收款 应交税费—应交个人所得税
企业负债经营的问题与对策外文文献翻译
IntroductionWith the rapid growth of the global economy, many enterprises have resorted to borrowing as a means to finance their operations. While debt funding can be an effective way to garner capital investment, it can also lead to excessive debt accumulation which may negatively impact the overall financial stability and liquidity of the business. In this context, this paper aims to provide an analysis of the problems and possible solutions related to enterprises operating with largeamounts of debt.Problems Arising from Overreliance on Debt FinancingOne of the main problems of too much debt accumulation is that enterprises become overburdened by the need to keep up with the payments of their loans. This greatly reduces their financial stability, as they may not have sufficient funds to invest in new projects or long-term strategies. Furthermore, excessive debt may lead to high interest rates, reducing the profitability of the businessand increasing the risk of default.Another problem related to excessive debt accumulation is that it can affect key stakeholders such as suppliers, investors, and employees. For example, suppliers may start to view enterprises as high credit risks and may therefore require upfront payments or request for shorter payment terms. Investors may become hesitant to invest in the business, and employees may face cuts in salaries or job losses due to the need for cost-cutting measures.Possible Solutions to Debt ProblemsThere are several measures that a business can take to address debt problems. Firstly, the enterprise can engage in a debt-restructuring plan to refinance its debt obligations. This may involve negotiating with lenders for payment terms that better match the enterprise’s financial situation. Additionally, the enterprise may seek to finance its operations through equity investment rather than debt funding, thereby reducing its reliance on loans.Another way to deal with debt problems is through cost-cutting measures such as reducing the size of the workforce or renegotiating supplier contracts. This may help to alleviate short-term financial difficulties and free up resources to pay off Outstanding loans.Finally, a proactive approach to managing debt risks is to ensure that the enterprise has a solid financial plan in place. This may involve regular reviews of the enterprise’s financial statements, benchmarking against industry standards, and implementingproper debt management policies. ConclusionIn conclusion, enterprise debt is a significant problem that can hinder the financial stability, profitability, and long-term prospects of a business. To address this issue, enterprises must take a proactive approach to managing their debt levels through measures such as debt-restructuring plans, cost-cutting measures, and implementing proper financial management policies. With proper management, enterprises cansecure long-term sustainability and ensure that their financial future remains bright.。
浅谈企业负债经营存在的问题与对策
浅谈企业负债经营存在的问题与对策作者:罗筑馨来源:《财税月刊》2018年第05期摘要伴随着市场经济的成长与发展,众多企业开始运用负债经营的方式来进行融资。
采用负债经营有许多好处,但是企业在负债经营的过程中也存在一些问题,如负债率较高、对于能承担的负债金额估计不清、对于负债金额的运用时机不合理等。
对于这些潜在的风险应该对其进行研究,并且树立风险意识来规避风险,以优化企业的经营结构,寻求最适合企业发展的最佳负债经营模式。
关键词负债经营;风险;经营结构一、企业负债经营概述1.负债经营概念负债是指企业过去的交易或者事项形成的,预期会导致经济利益流出企业的现时义务。
企业为了日常经营活动的顺利进行,为了扩张企业的规模,创造更大的利益,需要通过负债经营借入资金来满足上述活动。
在会计层次上,负债经营可以表现在:长期借款、短期借款、应付账款等方面。
大部分企业只通过自有资产无法满足各种经营活动,因此通过负债经营可以获得资金,这是企业发展、筹集资金的重要手段。
2.负债经营特征目前,采用举债形式处理资金周转成果的企业越来越多。
负债运营的好处很多,比如,可以给企业提供资金、降低企业的加权平均成本、节约税费、能给企业带来正的“财务杠杆”、保持企业的控制权以及能够降低通货膨胀给企业带来的损失。
与此同时,负债运营也使企业暴露在各种经营危险之中,比如,到期偿还本金和利息是每一个企业的义务,这一笔利息资金就提高了企业的综合资金成本。
企业一旦运营不善,不能定时归还到期债务和利息,又或者经济决策失误,使得投资收益低于资金成本,轻则会使企业的信用等级和再融资能力降低,重则可能会引发财务危机甚至让企业面临破产清算。
二、企业负债经营存在的问题1.企业发展目标与战略规划不明确企业片面追求发展大量借入资金进行负债经营,但是并没有在借入资金之前用战略的眼光研究和考虑如何运用借入资金,后果往往是得不到应有的回报和效益,造成财务压力过重,需要进行新一轮的负债才能缓解财政赤字的压力。
浅析企业负债经营存在的问题及对策
浅析企业负债经营存在的问题及对策摘要:摘要:本文在对负债经营进行简要概述的基础上,分析了目前企业负债经营存在的问题,进而提出了改善企业负债经营问题的建议,期望企业能够运用好负债经营这把双刃剑,为企业带来高利润,促进企业的发展。
下载论文网关键词:负债经营关键词:浅析,企业,负债,经营,在的,问题,对策,本文,负债,经营, 摘要:本文在对负债经营进行简要概述的基础上,分析了目前企业负债经营存在的问题,进而提出了改善企业负债经营问题的建议,期望企业能够运用好负债经营这把双刃剑,为企业带来高利润,促进企业的发展。
下载论文网关键词:负债经营;问题;建议一、负债经营概述为了维持企业正常的生产经营活动、扩大企业生产规模、投资企业新年项目等等通过,向外部借入资金支持企业的生产经营活动,以达到企业效益最大化。
在会计理论中,在会计账务上可以表现为应付票据、应付账款、长短期借款、应付债券等等。
大部分企业依靠自身的资本无法满足企业的经营活动,负债经营是筹集企业资本的一种重要手段,对促进企业的运作、提高企业的经营效益最优重要意义。
但是这种筹资手段也给企业带来了很多问题,部分企业因资产负债率高而陷入财务困窘,甚至阻碍企业的发展,最终导致企业破产。
二、企业负债经营存在的问题企业负债经营存在的问题较多,错综复杂。
而相对突出、并带有普遍性的问题,我个人认为有这几个方面,概括起来就是“向、度、准、则”。
(一)举债无度,盲目投资扩张部分企业在开展经营活动时,企业比较自信乐观,认为企业可以做大做强,于是盲目投资扩张,甚至部分企业进入全新行业,大力借款,没有考虑企业的资金成本,造成过高的资产负债率。
企业没有预计到可能出现的财务风险,当出现风险时,就举新债偿还旧债,这种举债无度的行为,最终引发企业财务困境,阻碍企业的生存和发展,(二)筹资方向失误,资本结构不合理企业的主要筹资渠道有股权筹资和债权筹资,债权筹资主要有短期借款、长期借款、债券以及因结算形成的负债等等。
企业负债经营的问题和对策
企业负债经营的问题和对策二. 企业负债经营现状及成因(一)1,企业负债经营的现状分析目前,我国不少企业,尤其是国有企业存在着资本金和债务比例不合理,负债比率过高的状况,主要表现在以下方面: 1、(1)从企业的资产负债来看,负债比率过高。
根据国家经贸委和国有资产管理局的统计资料,我国企业( 国有企业) 的资产负债率, 1991年平均为6015 % , 1992年为6115 % , 到1993年上升到***** % ,1994年为7012 % ,而1995年则达到80 %以上; 1996年达到8211 % ; 1997年、1998年为80% 。
从总体上看,我国企业的资产负债率偏高,已远远超出国际评估标准。
有些企业的负债比率已突破100%的警界线。
从债务负担的绝对值看,有些企业的债务相当于资本金的数几倍。
(2)从企业的负债结构比率看,流动负债过度,长期负债水平普遍偏低。
根据经验标准,流动负债与长期负债的比率一般要求达到50% ,而我国企业总体平均达到92 % ,比经验标准超过42 个百分点左右,这说明我国企业的流动负债过度。
一般而言,长期负债率应在30 % - 70 %之间,而我国企业年均为20 %左右,这说明我国企业的长期负债处于较低水平。
(3)从企业的偿债能力分析,资产收益率偏低偿债能力1/ 10差。
我国企业的流动比率平均在 1 左右,与经验标准2相差约一倍, 而利息保障系数为0166 ,有的企业甚至为负值,这说明我国企业的偿债能力严重不足,资本收益率偏低。
(4)从企业的融资方式看,我国企业资金需求过分依赖银行。
我国企业长期负债的80 % ,流动负债的30 %以上来自银行贷款,企业正常的生产经营资金有三分之一要靠企业间的结算债务来维持,相互拖欠,“三角债”现象严重,这足以表明我国企业的债务结构已处于高危险状态。
(5) 从企业间负债水平看,相差悬殊。
中国工商银行上海经济信息咨询公司数据库编列的1285 户国有工业企业资料显示: 资产负债率最高的达到***** % ,最低的仅为***** % , 两者相差10倍以上;流动负债与长期负债比率最高的达1066% , 最低为零,即无负债。
2023年商业银行负债的经营管理课件
负债成本监控
商业银行负债经营管理中非常重要的一部分。为了确保负债利润最大化,商业银行需采取以下措施:
1. 资金成本监控商业银行需密切关注资金的成本,包括存款利率、借款利率以及市场利率的变化。通过建立有效的监控机制,银行可以及时调整负债组合,以确保资金成本保持在一个合理的范围内。此外,商业银行还可以定期审查和评估各项存款产品的利率,并优化产品结构,以降低整体资金成本。
Thanks
2023/8/10
Aaron
2. 风险管理商业银行在负债经营管理中需要始终关注风险因素。银行可以通过制定严格的风险管理政策和措施,对负债进行有效控制。例如,商业银行可以设定合理的风险预警指标,及时监测和识别可能对负债带来风险的因素,如市场波动、利率风险等,并采取相应的风险对冲与管理策略,以减少潜在风险对负债经营的影响。
利率敏感度分析
2.资本充足率的意义:资本充足率在商业银行的经营管理中具有重要意义。首先,它可以保证商业银行具备足够的资本储备,以防止风险的扩大和发展。其次,资本充足率的合规性要求使商业银行更好地管理风险,提高自身的稳定性和可持续发展能力。最后,它是监管机构评估商业银行风险水平、制定监管政策的重要依据。
3.衡量资本充足率的指标:衡量资本充足率的指标主要包括核心资本充足率、一级资本充足率和总资本充足率。核心资本充足率是指核心资本与风险暴露的比率,强调商业银行的核心资本实力。一级资本充足率是指商业银行一级资本与风险暴露的比率,包括核心资本和附加一级资本。总资本充足率是指商业银行总资本与风险暴露的比率,考虑了商业银行所有层次的资本储备。这些指标的合规性对商业银行的经营管理和风险控制起着重要的引导作用。
--------->
ChatPPT Generation
浅谈企业负债经营的利弊及对策
浅谈企业负债经营的利弊及对策【摘要】企业负债经营是指企业通过融资活动来扩大规模或实现经济效益。
负债经营有利于提高企业的资金利用效率,加速发展步伐,提升竞争力。
但是负债经营也存在风险,如财务风险、经营风险等。
为了防范这些风险,企业应该加强负债管理,控制负债规模,确保财务稳健。
企业应该合理运用负债经营,避免盲目扩张和过度债务。
负债经营既是一把双刃剑,带来机遇的同时也伴随着挑战。
企业在负债经营中要保持谨慎和风险意识,遵循市场规律,做出明智的决策。
负债经营对企业的发展至关重要,能够为企业带来更多的资源和机会,推动企业的健康发展。
企业应该根据实际情况,灵活运用负债经营,实现可持续发展。
【关键词】企业负债经营、利益、风险、防范、合理运用、双刃剑、重要性。
1. 引言1.1 什么是企业负债经营企业负债经营是指企业通过借贷等方式获取资金来进行经营活动。
在这种经营模式下,企业将自身的资金运转能力和融资能力融合起来,实现资源的最大化利用。
企业负债经营是企业运作方式的一种选择,旨在提高企业的资金利用效率和盈利能力。
企业通过债务融资来扩大经营规模,增强市场竞争力,实现企业的可持续发展。
企业负债经营具有一定的风险,需要谨慎对待。
企业应该根据自身的实际情况和融资需求来选择合适的负债经营方式,避免盲目扩张和高风险投资。
企业还需加强对财务风险的监控和预测,确保债务能够及时偿还,避免发生资金链断裂的风险。
企业还应该注重与金融机构的合作,建立稳固的信任关系,确保获得稳定和可靠的融资渠道。
企业负债经营是一种有效的资金运作方式,可以帮助企业实现经济效益最大化,实现长期发展。
企业在进行负债经营时,需要合理运用负债,防范风险,确保企业的可持续发展。
企业应该根据自身的情况,量力而为,谨慎选择负债经营的方式和规模,以实现经济效益和风险控制的平衡。
1.2 负债经营的意义在企业管理中,负债经营是一种常见的经营方式,其意义主要表现在以下几个方面:负债经营可以帮助企业扩大规模和提高竞争力。
国外负债经营的分析【外文翻译】
外文翻译Foreign debt management analysisMaterial Source: Women’s Consultation Briefing PaperAuthor: Gail Lerner, Rebecca Desiree Lozada and Viola TorresThere is a strong consensus in the international community that the debt burden is a serious barrier to the creation of any meaningful development strategy. The Secretary General’s report of earlier this year rightly identifies debt as a significant obstacle to development in low-income, middle-income and transition economy countries. It recognizes that debt financing ought to be an integral part of a country's development effort and not a hindrance.The foreign debt is growing exponentially. Debt relief continues to be an exercise of power and control through the conditionalities imposed by the International Financial Institutions (IFIs). Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs) impose unacceptable conditions on debtor nations and drain them of precious resources. Present debt-management proposals such as those devised by creditors—the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, to include the Enhanced HIPC—offer too little, too late, to too few countries. Because these are designed by creditors, their purpose is debt collection, not debt relief. Both lenders and borrowers must take responsibility for the debt crisis. It is unjust that creditors dominate the debt relief process. Unless present debt-management plans are transformed into effective, equitable, development-oriented and durable debt release opportunities, the devastating cycle of debt accumulation will repeat itself, condemning millions more people to suffering.Debtor governments are obliged to prioritize debt repayments over spending on health, education, sanitation, clean water and other social needs. This undermines accountability by debtor governments to the people, which in turn erodes local democratic institutions. Debt and loan negotiations are always conducted in secret between elites in the North and elites in the South, fostering corruption.Finally, if the debt problem is to be resolved in a way that contributes in an integral way to sustainable community, attention must be paid to how concurrent channels of development financing contribute towards the creation and expansion of external debt. For example, attention needs to be given to how existing trade andinvestment agreements might inhibit rather than enhance revenue-generating opportunities for developing countries. Vigilance needs to be maintained so that development efforts are not financed through modalities, instruments or mechanisms that create additional burdensome debt.International fora of civil society convened by the international Jubilee campaigns call for the cancellation of all illegitimate debts of all Southern countries. The prevailing opinion is that there are several categories of illegitimate debt, which can be identified as follows:1. Debts that are illegitimate to repay, that is, they cannot be serviced without causing harm to people and communities.2. Debts incurred by illegitimate debtors and creditors acting illegitimately which includes both “odious debt” (that is any debt incurred not for the needs or interests of the state but to strengthen a despotic regime that represses its own population).3. Debts incurred for illegitimate uses, such as debts for projects which were never built or did not befit the people as they were intended; debts contracted for fraudulent purposes;4. Debts incurred with illegitimate terms, included debts incurred at usurious interest rates; debts that became unpayable as a result of external factors (unilateral increase in interest rates) over which debtors have no control.Caught as they are at the divide between the productive and reproductive spheres of life, women have borne the full impact of debt dependence, adherence to SAPs and underdevelopment. In their multitude roles of worker, caregiver, home manager, wife and mother, women’s time and energies are stretched to breaking point as they strive to enable the family to survive economic crises.Instead of perpetuating this set-up, the Financing for Development process must work for systemic, structural and policy changes and programmes that will free countries from the debt trap, prevent the repetition of these problems and promote political and economic democracy and equity, gender equality, popular empowerment and sustainable communities.From this framework and towards this end, we recommend that the international community ensure the:* Immediate cancellation of 100% of the debts of low-income countries, immediate debt relief for severely indebted middle income countries, and cancellation of the illegitimate debts of all Southern countries.* Active participation of civil society in decision-making processes that determine the allocation of funds from new loans and debt relief.* Elimination of any conditionalities attached to new loans and debt relief that perpetuate indebtedness, as articulated in the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) and the enhanced HIPC initiatives, starting with heavily indebted poor countries in Africa.* Introduction of a new, independent and transparent arbitration process for negotiating and agreeing upon international debt cancellation which ensures that losses and gains are equally shared along with the introduction of ethical lending and borrowing policies to prevent future recurrence of the debt crisis.Debt financing involves any money that a business borrows in order to run operations. Also referred to as loans, it can be a long-term or short-term solution to needed cash flow. There are various options for obtaining the money a business may need to operate effectively.For any viable business, loans are available. Terms may vary, but every loan is set to be repaid with interest at a future date. This cash flow option can be attractive to business owners because they do not have to sacrifice any ownership interests in their business. Furthermore, the interest on borrowed money may be tax-deductible. Finally, the costs are relatively fixed, and therefore predictable in planning for future business expenses.When looking for a short- or long-term cash flow solution, a business may find that a loan is the most viable option. By definition, short-term debt financing provides money needed for day-to-day business operations with plans for repayment in less than one year. Day-to-day business operation needs may include purchasing inventory or supplies or paying employee wages. Short-term financing is also referred to as operating loans, and can include lines of credit or credit cards.On the other hand, long-term loans provide greater amounts of money that are paid back over a longer period of time. A business may use long-term debt financing to purchase equipment, land, buildings or machinery. This money then is used to purchase business assets in which the scheduled loan repayment and the usefulness of the asset extends longer than one year.A business can obtain money from different sources depending on its needs and financial situation. Banks and credit unions are traditional sources for borrowing money and offer a variety of options especially for businesses. If a business does not yet have established credit, or its credit is poor, it still may be able to get the moneyneeded through a commercial finance company, which offers loans with higher interest rates to high-risk borrowers. Also, commercial financial institutions are available for loaning money, as well as for providing funds for inventory or equipment purchases.Debt financing can be a useful tool for a business in need of additional cash flow. However, it is meant to be a means to an end, namely of generating more money for a business in order to grow it. Business owners should try to avoid falling into the revolving trap of getting their business into an unmanageable state of debt. Remember that "he that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver; nor he that loveth abundance with increase" .译文国外负债经营的分析资料来源:联合国妇女咨询简报作者:Gail Lerner, Rebecca Desiree Lozada and Viola Torres在当今国际社会有一个强烈的共识:债务负担对制定有意义的发展战略是一个严重的障碍。
企业负债经营存在的问题与对策
企业负债经营存在的问题与对策摘要目前,随着市场经济的日益深入,企业在激烈的市场竞争中求生存,必须不断的增强自身的经济实力。
现代企业的经营者已把负债经营当作重要的理财策略,这种策略给企业带来了巨大的经济效益,但同时也产生了一些不可忽视的负作用。
怎样运用好这把双刃剑,扬长避短,为企业更好的服务,就需要对此进行一定的分析如今社会中,企业以负债经营的方式越来越常见。
【关键词】:负债经营,理财策略经济实力第一章企业负债经营的概述一、负债经营的概念从会计学的理论看,负债是企业所承担的,能以货币计量,须以资产或劳务偿付的债务。
负债经营是指企业以已有的自有资金作为基础,为了维护企业的正常营运,扩大经劳营规模,开创新事业等,产生财务需求,发生现多流量不足,通过银行借款,商业信用和发行债券等形式吸收资金,并运用这笔资金从事生产经营活动,使企业资金产不断得到补偿,增值和更新韵的一种现代企业筹资的经营方式。
具体含义是:1,资金来源是以举债的方式。
如通过贷款发行债券,内部融资等方式从银行,非银行金融机构,其他单位和自然人等吸收的资金,其资金所有权属于债权人,债务人仅有规定期限内的使用权,并担按期归还的义务。
2,负债具有货币时间价值。
到期时债务人除归还债权人本金外,还应支付一定的利息和相关费用。
二、企业负债的主要成因企业是一个经济组织,负债的原因较多,各个企业的条件和环境也是千差万别,各不相同,但是,归结起来,导致企业负债的主要成因有:(一)、被动负债1、历史上,在我国由计划经济向市场经济转轨的体制变更过程中,“拨改贷”使老企业的债务由无到有。
在税制改革跟不上,企业自我积累低,靠银行信贷过日子的同时,企业又承担了“办社会”的部分功能,造成企业非生产性占用资金,资源配置无效率,客观上导致企业资金沉淀,历史包袱沉重,形成企业被动负债。
2、在相当长的一时期内,企业生产经营管理薄弱,思维方式仍沿用计划经济时期的那一套。
这主要表现在追求产量值的增长,没有树立市场观念,粗放经营,出现产成品和资金积压,片面追求销售额和产销率,管理制度又跟不上,弄成“三角债”。
企业在负债经营中存在的问题及对策
企业在负债经营 中存在的 问题及对策
武 建 凌 西 南石 油 大 学 经济 管 理 学院 四 川成 都 61 0 5 0 0
摘要 : 我 国企业 的高 负债 经营成本、现金 流的异 常 紧张 、 负债 率的快速增 长、净利润 的急剧 下降 , 都成 为部 分上 市 公 司正在 面临解决的难题 。通过 分析 企业 负债经 营存 在 的问题 , 科 学合理 的制 定举债前 、后 的风 险防范措施 。 关键 词 : 企业 ; 负债 ; 经 营; 防 范措 施 ; 经 营 风 险
风险, 排除—切威胁企业生存和发展的因素。 ( -)  ̄ I J 强对企业偿债能力分析。企业进行负债 , 到期就要偿还本 息。为了使企业能够更有效地进行负债 , 企业应该定期进行偿债能力 分析, 通过计算企业的资产负债率、速动比率、现金流动负债 比率、 已获利息倍数、带息负债比率和或有负债 比率并关注与前期相比的 增减变动情况, 来及时调整企业的负债规馍及负债结构。对于流动资 产 占总资产 比例较大的企业来说 , 由于短期负债E 匕 仞 J 较大, 应该特别注 重加强对企业短期偿债能力的分析 , 通过计算流动比率、速动比率、 现金比率和现金流动负债比率并观察与前期S H t t 的增减变动隋况, 来 时刻对企业的负债经营隋况进行动态观察; 而对于固定资产等非流动 性资产占总资产比例较高的企业来说, 由于长期负债 比I 歹 l I 较高, 要特别 注重加强对企业长期偿债能力分析, 通过计算资产负债率、已获利息 倍数、茕 息负债比率和或有负债比率并观察与前期相 比的增减变动隋 况, 来时刻关注企业的负债经营状况。 ( 三艉 高对企业资金管理水平。为了使企业能够按时偿债、有效 使用企业所筹集到的资金 , 企业应该提高资金的管理水平。在资金的 刘 } 使用上 , 企业不仅要考虑借款的到期 日和利息的支付 i E I , 还要考虑 企业使用资金的高峰期和低谷期。既要避免企业因资金不足而影响 二 举债前风险的防范措施 正常的生产经营活动, 使企业经营业绩下滑, 又要防I E 企 业因过度或者 ( 一 握 置 的举债时机。企业在举皆 质 务时, 应该考虑借入资金 过早地筹集资金而使大量资金闲置, 增加企业的利息成本 , 造成资金浪 的时间、借款期限的长短以及采用的 息方式, 并目 根据借款利率的 费。 变动及时敞出相应的举债安排。 ( 四 寺 企业的盈利能力。企业进行负债经营, 最主要的目的是提 ( 二) 确定适度的负债规模。不同的行 业对于负债规模的确定有不 高企业的经济效益。要想有效地进行负债、提高经济效益, 关键是要 同的标准。因此, 企业在确定负债规模时, 应该结合 自身行业特点 , 综 增强企业的偿债能力, 而有效增强企业偿债能力的根本途径是提高企 合考虑企业的生产经营状况、管理水平以及风险承受能力。根据最低 业的盈利水准, 保持企业的盈利能力。因此, 企业应该定期进行盈利能 的负债成本和最小的风险程度来确定最佳的负债规模 , 从而取得最大 力分析, 通过计算销售净利率、销售毛利率、资产净利率和权益净利 的经济效益。 率并观察与前期相 比的增减变动隋况, 来时刻关注企业的盈利能力, 以 ( 三) 建立合理的负债结构。企业的负债有银行借款、应付账款 、 便及时调整企业的负债筹资策略。 预收账款、租赁以及发行债券等多种形式。不同的负债形式, 其成本 不一样, 企业承担的风险也不同。—般来讲, 企业在进行负债时 , 应该 四、结论 综合考虑和分析企业的负债成本 、现金流量状况以及风险承受能力, ( 一) 企业应该综合考虑 自身的生产经营状况、管理水平、风险承 据此来确定合理的负债结构。 受能力及其行业特点, 确定适宜的负债筹资组合, 建立适度的负债规模 ( 四) 确立科学的负债经营管理原则。企业在进行负债经营过程中, 和合理的负债结构, 争取以最低的资金成本和最小的风险程度, 来获取 应该通过遵循科学的负债经营原则来生产、经营和管理。企业应该确 最大 的经济效益 。 立股东财富最大化的负债经营原则, 与利润最大化不同的是 , 股东财富 ( 二) 企业在负债经营蜘 司, 应该充分考虑资金的时间价值和市场的 最大化充分考虑了资金的时间价值和市场当中的风险因素, 克服了企 风险因素, 避免因追求短期经济利益而忽视长远发展 ; 在注意资产负债 业片面追求短期经济效益而忽略长远发展的行为。企业在注意资产负 率高低的同时注重负债结构, 防止因资不抵债或资金周转不灵而破产; 债率高低的同时也要注重负债结构。既要防止企业资产负债率过高 , 遵守国家的经济政策和相关的法律规定 , 避免为了追求巨额利润而从 使其资不抵债, 最终导致 “ 红字破产” , 又要避免企业虽然资产负债率 事违法活动, 最终导致 “ 法律破产”。 不高 , 资又抵债, 但是资金周转不灵, 致使企业无法按时 丕 债务而形 ( 三) 在负债经营过程中, 企业应该利用财务分析方法 , 通过计算相 成 “ 蓝字破产”。 关的财务指标, 定期对企业的偿债能力和盈利能力进行分析 , 以便及时
企业负债经营的问题与对策外文文献翻译
企业负债经营的问题与对策引言负债经营是指企业通过借贷资金进行生产经营活动的一种方式。
然而,负债经营也带来了一系列的问题。
本文将通过翻译外文文献,探讨企业负债经营的问题以及可行的对策。
企业负债经营的问题负债经营虽然在一定程度上可以支持企业的发展,但在实践中也存在着一些问题。
1. 财务风险负债经营意味着企业需要承担债务,从而增加了财务风险。
如果企业经营不善或遇到经济困难,无法按时偿还债务,可能会导致企业破产甚至关闭。
2. 债务成本债务需要支付利息和其他费用,这会增加企业的财务负担。
如果债务成本过高,企业的盈利能力可能会受到限制。
3. 压力和限制企业负债经营可能导致企业受到一定程度的压力和限制。
企业需要为债务还款而努力经营,可能会限制企业的自主权和发展空间。
企业负债经营的对策为了应对负债经营所带来的问题,企业可以采取一些对策。
1. 健康财务管理企业应加强财务管理,制定合理的财务计划和预算,避免财务风险。
通过合理的财务管理,企业可以更好地掌握自身的财务状况,并做出相应的决策。
2. 多样化融资渠道企业可以探索多样化的融资渠道,减少对单一融资渠道的依赖。
通过多样化的融资渠道,企业可以降低债务成本,并减少财务压力。
3. 提高绩效和盈利能力企业应通过提高绩效和盈利能力来增加自身的现金流。
通过持续改进经营管理、降低成本、提高竞争力,企业可以增加盈利能力,减少对债务的依赖。
4. 控制风险企业应加强风险管理,减少可能导致经营困难的风险。
通过制定有效的风险管理策略和应急预案,企业可以在面临风险时做出及时的应对。
5. 持续监测债务状况企业应定期监测自身的债务状况,及时了解债务的偿还情况和未来的债务负担。
通过及时监测和调整债务计划,企业可以更好地管理债务风险。
结论负债经营虽然存在问题,但企业可以通过健康的财务管理、多样化的融资渠道、提高绩效和盈利能力、控制风险以及持续监测债务状况等对策来应对这些问题。
这些对策可以帮助企业更好地管理财务风险,并实现可持续发展。
大学生创业企业负债经营的问题与对策
Problems and Countermeasures of College Students ' liability management in Enterprise 作者: 马文康;张丽静
作者机构: 东北林业大学 经济管理学院,哈尔滨150040
出版物刊名: 经济研究导刊
页码: 29-31页
年卷期: 2015年 第20期
主题词: 负债经营;创业企业;大学生
摘要:负债经营作为大学生创业企业的重要经济活动,是商品经济发展到一定程度的必经之道,也是其适应市场经济的必要手段.适当的负债经营能够帮助企业实现合理配置资本结构、适度扩大经营规模追求利润最大化和健康持续发展的目标.就此,以负债经营为理论基础,具体分析了目前我国大学生创业企业在负债经营方面所出现的问题,并对其问题提出相应的解决对策.。
企业负债经营的问题与对策(外文翻译)
企业负债经营的问题与对策外文资料翻译The advantages and disadvantages of debt managementI. INTRODUCTIONLiabilities can raise the money. Enterprises in the case of insufficient funds, debt management may use more power to expand enterprise scale and economic strength, short time to improve the operation efficiency of enterprises and competitiveness. Any a enterprise not only in the case of insufficient funds need indebtedness, in funds under the condition of relatively abundant indebtedness is also very necessary. Even if an enterprise internal capital accumulation, more by its own capital alone enterprise scale and he can use the amount of money is limited. Through responsible business, and control can be obtained more the amount of capital. As long as reasonable use these funds organization and coordination, expand the business scope of business and the way of thinking, improve the technology and equipment, reform process, the introduction of advanced technology, updating equipment, expand the scale of enterprise, broaden the scope of business, improve the quality of the enterprise, can strengthen enterprise economic strength and competition ability.II. The advantages of debt managementDebt management is a commodity to a certain stage of economic development. The inevitable product of market economy is the only way for the development of enterprises. Enterprises to develop, relying on internal accumulation and its own funds to meet the needs of enterprise development, not only does not allow time and the number would still be difficult to meet the demand, it will lose business opportunities and constraints of the rapid development of enterprises. Rational use of debt, to enable businesses to obtain financial leverage effect. Improper use may increase the enterprise’s fina ncial risk, so that enterprises involved in financial crises.Tax debt can play a role. Because under the current system, the financial liabilities included in the cost of interest, and before the deduction of income tax, it can generate tax so that small business income tax, thus increasing the equity capital gains. The higher interest charges on, the greater the tax section, so that businesses with liabilities using its own funds for all businessesprices, investors will lose faith in business, this is not conducive to enterprise long-term development.Anyhow, debt management benefits a lot, but at the same time, the risk of operating liabilities are concomitant, indebtedness of the earnings and risks are fused together. Therefore, the enterprise can not blindly to finance operations with debt.Author:Gabilondo, Jose, Florida International University, Miami, FloridaLatin American and Caribbean Law and Economics Association (ALACDE) Annual Papers负债经营的优点和缺点第一部分介绍负债经营是商品经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物,也是市场经济中企业发展的必由之路。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
企业负债经营的问题与对策外文资料翻译The advantages and disadvantages of debt managementI. INTRODUCTIONLiabilities can raise the money. Enterprises in the case of insufficient funds, debt management may use more power to expand enterprise scale and economic strength, short time to improve the operation efficiency of enterprises and competitiveness. Any a enterprise not only in the case of insufficient funds need indebtedness, in funds under the condition of relatively abundant indebtedness is also very necessary. Even if an enterprise internal capital accumulation, more by its own capital alone enterprise scale and he can use the amount of money is limited. Through responsible business, and control can be obtained more the amount of capital. As long as reasonable use these funds organization and coordination, expand the business scope of business and the way of thinking, improve the technology and equipment, reform process, the introduction of advanced technology, updating equipment, expand the scale of enterprise, broaden the scope of business, improve the quality of the enterprise, can strengthen enterprise economic strength and competition ability.II. The advantages of debt managementDebt management is a commodity to a certain stage of economic development. The inevitable product of market economy is the only way for the development of enterprises. Enterprises to develop, relying on internal accumulation and its own funds to meet the needs of enterprise development, not only does not allow time and the number would still be difficult to meet the demand, it will lose business opportunities and constraints of the rapid development of enterprises. Rational use of debt, to enable businesses to obtain financial leverage effect. Improper use may increase the enterprise’s finan cial risk, so that enterprises involved in financial crises.Tax debt can play a role. Because under the current system, the financial liabilities included in the cost of interest, and before the deduction of income tax, it can generate tax so that small business income tax, thus increasing the equity capital gains. The higher interest charges on, the greater the tax section, so that businesses with liabilities using its own funds for all businessescompared to the cost increase, reduction in profits. The amount of income tax be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of income tax paid to reduce the tax burden on enterprises.Liabilities of business enterprises can reduce the cost of capital. Operating requirements of the liabilities of enterprises regularly pay interest and principal payments due to creditors for a smaller investment risk and therefore required a low rate of return on investment. In addition, the role of the above-mentioned tax and therefore the cost of debt capital is usually less than the cost of equity capital.Liabilities of business can benefit from inflation. Liabilities are generally due to debt service, an increase in the inflation rate, the original liability of the real purchasing power will decline, after the enterprise by reducing the amount of debt service, in fact, is to shift the consequences of currency depreciation to the creditors.Debt management is beneficial to maintain control of companies. In the enterprise facing a new financing decisions, such as if to find stock way to raise equity capital, not only the cost of capital than debt financing, will also bring equity scattered, affect the existing shareholders for the control of the enterprise. But if to issue bonds or borrow from Banks and other financial institutions capital, to raise debt capital, the creditor has no right to participate in the company's operating decisions, while expanding enterprise capital source does not affect the control of the enterprise, is conducive to maintaining existing shareholders control enterprise production and business operation activities.The balance of financing in comparison with other modes of financing, financing a short time, to spend a small price. Borrowing in particular, after consultation of the loan amount, repayment terms, with the period shall change, but also for solution through consultations with greater flexibility.Ⅲ.The disadvantages of debt managementDebt to maintain the existing shareholders under the premise of control brought about by the rapid growth of wealth. Thus, capital markets, as well as for business managers have entrepreneurial spirit and readiness to take risks is a positive innovation as an important sign of the measure, that is, the level of debt. However, enterprises in the process of debt as a result of the business environment there are many uncertain factors, especially in pre-borrowing the idea ofoperating conditions is not conducive to business development, will result in the risk of debt. Run the risk of liability comes mainly from the financial risk and business risk issues.Financial risk is increasing due to the use of debt and financial burden, and thus the solvency of the enterprise may be lost, eventually leading to the risk of corporate insolvency. When enterprises are facing low economic development, due to a fixed amount of the interest burden, the profits will fall, bringing the interests of a substantial decline in rate of return of negative impact. Funding for the liabilities, businesses have due and timely payment of interest and a statutory duty to repay the principal. Once the financial conditions deteriorate, or the operation of short-term funds is inappropriate, it will enable the enterprises are facing the risk of insolvency. Thus, on the one hand, may cause long-term part of the short-term liabilities, and enable enterprises to increase the operating costs; On the other hand, will also affect the credibility of enterprises to make financing more difficult.Excessive debt is likely to cause the agency conflict between shareholders and creditors. The creditors' interests are not compromised a premise condition is the enterprise the risk degree is in predicting the allowed range. In the real economic life shareholders tend to invest in risky projects, because if the project is successful, the creditors can get fixed interest and principal, the rest of the profits for shareholders possess completely, and then realize the transfer of wealth from creditors to shareholder; If the high risk of investment project failed, the loss shall be borne by the common shareholders and creditors. In addition, shareholders to issue new bonds will also damage the interests of the creditors. Because shareholders in order to get new money, often can give new creditors claims priority, so that we can reduce new debt to pay interest rates, but also increase the risk of the creditors, led to the original real fall in the value of the bond.Debt ratio is too high, can lead to the company's share price. Business owners to the enterprise debt management's tolerance is limited. When the indebtedness of the investment rate is lower than its cost of capital, the enterprise must took part from the returns of originally by the owners used to repay the debt principal and interest, the owner income will therefore suffer. Owner may therefore selling stocks, due to the influence of psychological factors such as market expectations at the same time, enterprise's stock market is bound to decline. That stock marketprices, investors will lose faith in business, this is not conducive to enterprise long-term development.Anyhow, debt management benefits a lot, but at the same time, the risk of operating liabilities are concomitant, indebtedness of the earnings and risks are fused together. Therefore, the enterprise can not blindly to finance operations with debt.Author:Gabilondo, Jose, Florida International University, Miami, FloridaLatin American and Caribbean Law and Economics Association (ALACDE) Annual Papers负债经营的优点和缺点第一部分介绍负债经营是商品经济发展到一定阶段的必然产物,也是市场经济中企业发展的必由之路。