解释句子

▪Unit 1▪ 1. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.▪ A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately.▪ 2. Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or read our words.▪To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings.▪ 3. It is hard work choosing the right words, but we shall be rewarded by the satisfaction that finding them brings.▪Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when sucha word is located.▪ 4. The exact use of language gives us mastery over the material we are dealing with.▪Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand our subject matter.Unit 21.The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill – the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it.What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.2. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline3. An even greater danger lurks in the seductive seafood dishes thatadd so much interest to holiday menus.There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday-makers.4. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely had proper waste-treatment plant.Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their wastes.5. Thousands of tons of pesticides are blown off the fields into the sea, detergents from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilizers, flushed out to sea, nourish explosions of plankton which cover bathers with itchy slime.The wind carries thousands of tons of pesticides from the fields into the sea, the dirty water from millions of sinks kill fish, and fertilizers, which are rushed out in a flood to sea, make a considerable increase in the amount of plankton which cover the bathers with itchy sticky substance.6. It takes 80 years for the water to be renewed, through the narrow, shallow straits, far too slow a process to cope with the remorseless rush of pollution.It takes 80 years for the water to become clean by itself through the narrow, shallow straits, and it is a far and too slow process to deal successfully with the sewage, effluents, etc., which pour into the sea threateningly and which cannot be stopped.Unit 3This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries – this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic. When battling a recalcitrant problem, he worried it as an animal worries its prey.A dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come over his face. There was no appearance of concentration, no furrowing of the brow – only a placid inner communion.Each of these assumptions, by itself, was so plausible as to seem primitively obvious. But together they were in such violent conflict that a lesser man would have dropped one or the other and fled in panic.Einstein’s work, performed quietly with pencil and paper, seemed remote from the turmoil of everyday life. But his ideas were sorevolutionary they caused violent controversy and irrational anger. Unit41.“… it takes an effort of the intellect and will even to see them”: i.e. one has to be clever enough and determined enough if one wishes to see them. In other words, if one is slow in seeing things and if one is indifferent to anything, one will not see them.2.“The poor are increasingly slipping out of the very experience and consciousness of the nation.”: i.e. The poor are more and more getting out of the life and mind of the people in general in the country. That is, people are getting less and less aware of the presence of the poor in their life and mind.3.“This new segregation of poverty is compounded by a well-meaning ignorance.” : i.e. This new separation of poverty from affluence is made worse by a well-intentioned ignorance.4.“our emotional and existential ignorance of poverty”: i.e. our ignorance of poverty which we are not aware of and which does exist. In other words, we really do not know that there is poverty. Unit 51. “TV set has attained the rank of a leg al necessity , safe from repossession in case of debt along with clothes,…..”The TV set has become so important in the life of a family that its possession is guaranteed by law. Even when a person is in debt, it can’t be taken away from him by whomever he owes a debt.2.“….kept the members of the family from dispersing , it has not served to bring them together”the TV helps to keep all the family members in the house in a physical sense. But they are not really doing things together. Instead, they watch their own favorite programme with little interaction between them.3.“…the television set casts its magic spell, freezing speech and action, turning the living into silent statues so long as the enchantment lasts”TV seems to have magic power over people. As soon as TV is on , people stop talking and doing anything else, growing to be lifeless statues before the TV screen They will remain so till the end of the programme.Unit61.Paraphrase “When he read … might play”(6)When he read or recited Greek poetry, it seemed that what wasdescribed in the verse became alive; both the romantic ideas and the poetical lines sounded like beautiful music, and I just like him, was motivated to be neither a hero in poetry nor a poet who created poetry, but only a student of Greek culture and poetry in such a way that I would be able to interpret Greek poetry.2. It was too great and too various for me to personify with my boyish imitations and heroism(6):life was so good and so different in kind that I was not able to express what it was like with my youthful mind and boldness．3. Paraphrase “Go to, boy… , everything.”(12)“Come on, boy. The world belongs to you – you are expected to do creative thinking and to act creatively for the world. There is still a lot to be accomplished, and a lot to be found out. No poem written can be called the greatest and no railroad built van be the best. The perfect state has yet to be conceived. Everything has yet to be done.”4. Paraphrase “It was conversation I was… the theme.” (14)What I was hearing was the unrestrained, earnest, and sparkling interchanges of great intellect as sharp as first-rate tools. They were always polite, speaking one at a time, no one speak to anyone in secret and no one disagreed; they all spoke when there was an issue everyone was interested in; and while they were explaining something, anyone, no matter whether he was for or against the issue, would tell others what he knew about a philosopher’s opinion or a poet’s phrase in order to clarify or beautify t he theme.。