杨鹏长难句完整版

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杨鹏长难句分析练习

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gre阅读抽象词的正确解决办法

gre阅读抽象词的正确解决办法在gre考试的阅读部分，常常会涉及到一些比较抽象的，难以理解的词汇，这些词汇必然会对我们的备考或者考试造成困难，那么今天小编带来的就是gre阅读抽象词的正确解决办法。

gre阅读抽象词的正确解决办法什么叫抽象词?1、并非GRE词汇书里的词，而是一个你认识的词。

2、用一句话解释不清楚。

3、你在阅读的时候，突然想不明白这个词放在句子当中或文章当中是什么意思了。

大多数GRE或GRE词汇都属于抽象词范畴，主要是这样一些词汇：所有的人都认识，但是意思抽象、信息量大，如果出现在文章或句子中，其意思难以迅速理解。

GRE阅读文章5大高频结构解析抽象词举例说明比如law这个单词，小学就学了，可是谁能用一句话给这个law 下一个定义呢?一句解释不明白，就意味着其信息量也是很大的，占用我们大脑的内存也就越大。

而这样的词，在文章或句子中出现，想象其含义比较困难，这就造成我们在阅读中出现这样一个奇怪现象：明明是认识的词，突然在阅读中就不知道是什么意思了。

如果需要在考试现场来思考单词在文章的含义，必然会导致思维的停顿。

阅读抽象词应对训练法第一步、在阅读完每一篇GRE文章之后，按照上面所说的三个标准找出这些抽象词来。

第二步、把这些单词记在小本上或存在电脑里，也可以补充到本书所列的三百多个抽象词中;读文章或背单词感到疲劳了，就可以拿来翻一翻，想一想。

注意这里所说的想的方法。

就是在平时花一些时间把这些英文单词出现在文章中的真正意义想清楚。

把考试时需要花的时间，兑换成你平时训练时花的时间。

在大脑中把这些英文单词的真正意义想象得越熟练，则你在阅读中对词义的反应也就越快。

这样的训练过程也是一个积累的过程。

其实在GRE的各种题材的文章中，涉及到的抽象词是有限的，最多也不会超过一千个词汇，而具体到每个人身上，也就只有那么几百个。

阅读不要过度精读深究GRE考试现场阅读时,除了已经确定下来的主题句之外,一般不要反复琢磨,精解每一句话。

GRE

10.一遍红宝，一遍逆序。
11.PP2-review，我没有做分项联系，就做了VERBAL的模考部分，也要按照时间来完成，这个软件对错过的题目有记录，复习时候非常方便。
注：我大四要到美国交换所以做好机考打算，大三寒假到北京学的新东方，回学校后从三月到五月一边上课一边复习GRE，8月底来到美国后复习了两个月GRE，前一个周期完成的任务是第1项到第5项，后一个周期完成第6项到第11项。因为学校课程比较紧所以花了大概5个月的时间，其实如果时间利用得好三个月也可以完成这些任务。另外复习程序中没有列出背单词的程序并不是没有背，只是没有集中看，单词还是要坚持看的，从寒假上新东方一直到10月机考这9个月的时间里，除了暑假2个月放下之外我一直坚持红宝书过遍数。
让我们一起共勉：出国留学的路上，虽然我们孤灯奋战，但我们并不孤独。漫漫路上，加油！！
在此我很怀念2009年1月5日到24日在新东方学习的日子，同时很感谢培养我们的四位老师：陈琦老师，韦晓亮老师，赵丽老师，陈虎平老师，谢谢您们，不仅传授了知识，更是给了我们前进的勇气！！
高分经验：GRE 750分海外机考备考心得
北京新东方版权所有，未经许可请勿转载！
我的GRE之旅
作者：学员：杨璐来源：北京新东方学校时间：2009-09-23
参加2008年10月GRE考试（语文800 数学800，作文5.5）
中国大陆地区2002年以来首例语文部分满分学员
1.3遍红宝书的单词，杨鹏长难句。红宝书我是一遍一遍生过的，注意不要回试，前三遍一定要过仔细，慢点没关系，熬过最痛苦的阶段后面就好了。杨鹏长难句非常好，一定要仔细看，仔细研究。
2.新东方GRE课程，复习讲义和笔记。
3.新东方黄皮的阅读，填空，类比，数学全部做完，同时过完2遍红宝书。

ayu-ytfa

、.~①我们‖打〈败〉了敌人。

②我们‖〔把敌人〕打〈败〉了。

杨鹏GRE&GMAT长难句全书英文句子整理打印版

1, that sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.2, Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.3,Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an as pect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.4, as she put it in The Common Reader, “it is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”5,with the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis.6, alt hough Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves’ preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy.7, Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of – and so was crucial in sustaining – the black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.8, this preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which, though they from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.9, His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the US, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially – based negative prejudgements against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competit ion,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.10, such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.11, it was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed insteadto influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.12, although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.13, other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.14, although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.15, in large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.16, if one begin by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek description of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact – real Amazonian societies – but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society.17, thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field – theoretical equations.18, the physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumption.19, however, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon.20, as my own studies have advanced, I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem, at first glance, to constitute such an immense gulf between them.21, although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, it authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.22, is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic?23, in addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toome r’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; dose this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are potted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?24, Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man.25, although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into the space.26, the role those anthropologist ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constrains –ways of feeling, thinking, and acting that “come naturally” in archetypal situation in any culture.27,which of the following most probably p rovides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constrains” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior?28, a low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested, but did not prove, that the grazers had removed most of the algae.29, perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that over-looked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.30, studies by Hargrave and Green estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers.31, in the periods of peak zooplankton abundance, that is, in the late spring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrient – poor lakes and bog lakes, respectively, of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.32, the hydrologic cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation, thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration.33, only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within in with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.34, the historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the US since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier – that is, the depletion of available new land need35, in the early 1950’s, historians who studied preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large number, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books.36, historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes towards crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.37, it can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?38, my point is that its central consciousness – its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives – owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary cities.39, even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants.40, but achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non – living matter require knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each other – an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly.41, Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of law – notwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concerned – that its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomena.42, Both Jewish law and canon law are more uniform that Islamic law. Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewish law of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (the dispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel), the spirit of the legal matter in later parts of the Old Treatment is very close to that of the Talmud, one of the primary codification of Jewish law in the diaspora.43, Islam, on the other hand, represented a radical breakaway from the Arab paganism that preceded it; Islam law is the result of an examination, from a religious angle, of legal subject matter that was far from uniform, comprising as it did the various components of the laws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over from the non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.44, one such novel idea is that of interesting into the chromosomes of plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants’ natural constitution: specially, the idea of inserting into nonleguminous plants the genes, if they can be identified and isolated, that fit the leguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence, the intensified research on legumes.45, it is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growth even though the plants’ leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrog en gas.46, unless they succeed, they yield gains of the Green Revolution will be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip those plants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identified and isolated, and even if the transfer of those gene complexes, once they are found, becomes possible.47, its subject (to use Maynard Mack’s categories) is “life – as –spectacle,” for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without; the tragic lliad, however, presents “life – as –experience” : readers are asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likable hero.48, most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adult flatfish is eye placement: before maturity one eye migrates, so that in an adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.49, A critique of the Handlins’ interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and radical prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.50, The best evidence for the layered mantle thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic racks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the mid ocean ridge system, whose source, most geologists, is the upper mantle. 51, some geologists, however, on the basis of observations concerning mantle xenoliths, argue that the mantle is not layered, but that heterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements” (elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state) percolating upward and transforming portions of the upper mantle irregularly, according to the vagaries of the fluids’ pathways.52,fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-B’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.53, the very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationships that kept presenting and rearranging themselveson all levels, from abstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings, made it difficult for Proust to set them out coherently.54, but those of us who hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb’s newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document the process in greater detail are disappointed.55, now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experienced it, passing from a sovereign people to compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally, a conquered people – a charter minority on our own land.56, it is possible to make specific complementary DNA’s (cDNA’s) that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messenger RNA’s (mRNA’s) of the peptide hormone s. If brain cells are making the hormones, the cells will contain these mRNA’s. If the products the brain cells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them, then the cDNA’s should still bind to these mRNA’s, but should not bind as tightly as they would to mRNA’s for the true hormones.57, the molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNA probes should also be much faster than the immunological method because it can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormones and then develop antiserums to them.58, nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had they been in charge of events.59, this succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and event not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposit.60, there have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not simultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.61, many critics of Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a “romantic” reading receives more confir mation.62, Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts.63, this is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an-encom-passing interpretation.64, the isotopic composition of lead often varies from one source of common copper ore to another, with variations exceeding the measurement error; and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.65, more probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.66, A long-term view of the history of the English colonies that became the US has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.67, it is not known rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic. n. 同源捕虏体68, even the “radical” critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.69, they are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles, whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way, and which can be detected.70, open knowledge of the existence of women’s oppression was too radical for the US in the fifties, and Beauvoir’s conclusion, that change in wome n’s economic condition, though insufficient by itself, “remains the basic factor” in improving women’s situation, was particularly unacceptable.71, other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle by the Earth’s collision w ith another large celestial body after much of the Earth’s iron fell to its core.72, however, recent scholarship has strongly suggested that those aspects of early New England culture that seem to have been most distinctly Puritan, such as the strong religious orientation and the communal impulse, were not even typical of New England as a whole, but were largely confined to the two colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut. 73, Thus, what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to be peculiarly Southern – acquisitiveness, a strong interest in politics and the law, and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural model – was not only more typicallyEnglish than the cultural patterns exhibited by Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut, but also almost certainly characteristic of most other early modern British colonies from Barbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire.74, Portrayals of the folk of Mecklenburg country, North Carolina, whom he remembers from early childhood, of the jazz musicians and tenement roofs of his Harlem days, of Pittsburgh steelworkers, and his reconstruction of classical Greek myths in the guise of the ancient Black kingdom of Benin, attest to this.75, a very specialized feeling adaptation in zooplankton is that of the tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut – sized (or smaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture and concentrate phytoplankton.76, these historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period.77, apparently most massive starts manage to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below the critical value of 1.4M before they exhaust their nuclear fuel.78, this is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work.79, An impact capable of ejecting a fragment of the Martian surface into an Earth – intersecting orbit is even lesspr obable than such an event on the moon, in view of the Moon’s smaller size and closer proximity to Earth.80, Nor only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor – specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently.81, As rock interfaces are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments.82, while the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct, the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed, showing, for instance, that is was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles, and throwing the date once more into utter confusion.83, the methods that a community devise to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential.84, traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.85, because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuring loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.86, for example, the spiral arrangement of scale – bract complexes on ovule – bearing pine cones, where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located, is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone’s surfaces, thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next.87, FE, however, predicted that women would be liberated from “social, legal, and economic subordination” of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry”.88, it was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880s created a new class of “dead –end” jobs, thenceforth considered “women’s work”.89, The increase in the number of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.90, for one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density – independent factors all the time.91, in order to understand the n ature of the ecologist’s investigation, we may think of the density – dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density – independent effects act to produce “noise” in population dynamics.92, but the play’s complex view of Black self –esteem and human solidity as compatible is no more “contradictory” than Du Bois’ famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self –awareness coexisting with human unity, or Fanon’s emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles.93, in which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs’s to Raisin in the sun?94, Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth – century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians have put forward argument that deserve evaluation.95, Despite these vague categories, one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed.96, Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.97, it can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War?98, she wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness.99, although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.100, with regard to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eight-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general; for example, laboring people in eighteenth – century England readily shifted from home – brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.101, The correlation of carbon dioxide with temperature, of course, does not establish whether changes in atmospheric composition caused the warming and cooling trends or were caused by them.102, such philosophical concerns as the mind – body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human question whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.103, the idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, close examination, to be of quite recent origin.。

ShareWithU

【ShareWithU】活动贴楼主5.17考完的托福出分了，大家有兴趣的也可以看下托福的备考分享~考完G来再考T，5.17二战小涨两分，112（终于搞定作文了..)/thread-707989-1-1.html5.31 补充刚在论坛上有人发帖吐槽复习中的一些问题，我发现自己可能有些地方没讲清楚导致大家备考中有些疑惑，在此再向大家说明下。

第一：做Magoosh的题之前最好先把Magoosh的1000字单词表背了，不然整天都在纠结单词，没有任何意义。

第二：背3000，请先忽略近反义，直接用每个list上面的小表刷中文，会大大提高速度暂时就想到这么多，大家有什么问题可以继续提问哦~~另补充琦叔填空强化36套传送门：/thread-708466-1-1.html男哥在微博上@我啦~我也发到尚友上来~实际上我TOEFL才是主要在尚友上准备滴~填空楼主一直以来复习GRE都是懵懵懂懂的..总共复习的时间大概是从这学期开学也就是二月底开始到考试两个月不到，一开始背的单词书是红宝，当时也看到有的人推荐3000，但我这个人有点犟，总觉得红宝再怎么样单词量也大没错吧。

我用了12天，每天超过十个小时的背诵时间，背了2遍。

我的背诵方式是把所有红宝中的近义词和形近词全部抄下在书当页的上下方然后再汇总到书前面的几张白页。

这个过程惨不忍睹，惨绝人寰，惨无人道...反正当时觉得想死的心都有了。

后来背完了之后开始做题，做的是新东方的绿皮(居然TMD后来才知道已经变成红皮了），继续错的惨不忍睹,不忍直视，大概10个错4,5个。

没办法，深感单词书不够，又买了本3000。

很多同学说背好3000就够了，我对此继续持怀疑态度，我报了陈琦老师新东方平台上的四期点词班，很多在题目中出现的不是3000上的单词他也默认为是我们已经会的单词，我觉得他可能高估了我们的水平...所以在此我郑重提醒大家，只背3000是觉得不够的！！！！！背完3000，我继续做题，有了红宝的基础和总结的单词，背3000我花了2天，期间我把有点记忆模糊的单词打到了手机备忘录里，每天没事的时候过一遍，3000就这么结束了。

杨鹏长难句练习

1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number ofdesendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted2.hardy’s weakness derived from his appreant inability tocontrol the comings and goings of these divergent impluses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energentic and risk ones.3.virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions inwriting Mrs.Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her concerned with examing states of traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist intricate pathways of individual consciousness.4.5.6.7.8.This preference for exogamy ,Gutman suggests, may havederive from WestAfrican rules govening marriage,which , though they differed from one tribal group to another, all invovles some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.9.his thesis works relatively well when applied to discriminationagainst Blacks in the US,but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition ,”can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups such as the Chineses and the Jews in medieval Europe.10.s uch variations in size,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,exciation threshold ,and the like as had been demostrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the maniford dimensions of mental experience .11.i t was possible to demonstrated by other methods refinedstructural differences among neuron types;however,proof was lacking that the quality of the impluse or its condition was influenced by these differences,which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the nueron circuits.12.a lthough qualitative variance among nerve was never rigidlydisproved,the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view ,namely,that nerve impluses are essantially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency “throughout the nervous system.\13.o ther experiments reavealed slight varitions in thesizes ,number,arrangment ,and interconnection of the nerve cells,but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned ,the obvious similarities of these sensory field to each other seemed much remarkable than any of the minute differences.14.a lthough some experiments show that,as an object becomesfamiliar ,its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel,the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis ,at least for objects that are not notable simple and familiar. 15.i n large part as a consequece of feministmovement ,historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods.16.i f one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , itbecomes clear that ancient Greak descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to respresent observed historical fact-real Amazonian societies-but rather to offer “moral lessons”on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society.17.t hus ,for instance ,it may come as a shock to mathmaticiansto learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atomis not a literally correct description of this atom ,but only an approximation to a somewhat more more correct equation taking account of spin ,magnetic dipole ,and relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations.18.t he physicist rightly dreads precise argument ,since anargument that is convicing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed,whereas an argument that is convicing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.19.h owever ,as they gained cohession ,the Bluestockings cameto regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity .lacking in the salonnieres, who remained isolated from one another by primacy each held in her own salon .20.a s my own studies have advances,I have been increasinglyimpressed with the functional similiarties between insect and vertebrate and less so with the structual differences that seem ,at first glance,to consititute such an immense gulf between them.21.A lthough fiction assuredly springs from politicalcircumstance,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological ,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.22.i s this a defect ,or are the authors working out of ,or trying toforge ,a different kind of aesthetic?23.i n addition , the style of some Black J,verges onexpressionism or surrealism ;does this tchnique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme this at portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted ,a theme usually conveyed by more natualistic modes of expression?24.B lack Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels ,bringing to ourattention in the process some fascinating and little-known works likes James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an EX-colored Man.25.A lthough these molecules allow radiation at visiblewavelengths , where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated , to pass through ,they absorb some of the26.27.28.29.30.31.i n the periods of zooplankton abundance ,that is ,in the latespring and in the summer, Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates, for nutrien-poor lakes and bog lakes ,respectively ,of 6.6percent and 114 percent of daily phytopianktan production .32.T he hydrologic cycle, a major topic in this science,is thecomplete cycle of phenomenna through which water passes,beginning as atomspheric water vapor ,passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation ,thence along and into the ground surface,and finally again returning to the form of atomspheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transporation.33.O nly when a system possesses natual or artficial bounderiesthat associate the water within it the phyrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.34.T he historian Fwrote in 1890’s that the agrarian discontentthat had been developing steadily in the US since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier –that is ,the depletion of available new land need for further expansion of the American farming system.35.I n the early 1950’s,historians who studied peindustrialEourpe began,for the first time in large numbers ,to investigate more of the population than 2or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite:the kings ,generals,judges,nobles,bishops,and local manates who had hitherti filled history books.36.H istorian such as L have used the document to extract casehistories,which have illuminated the attitude of different social groups(the attitudes include ,but are not confined to,attitudes toward crime and law)and have revealed how the authorities adimisttered justice.37.I t can be inferred from the passage that a historian whowished to compare crime rates per thousand in a Eouropean city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in anothor decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following？38.。

GRE 阅读难句教程

GRE&GMAT阅读难句教程（杨鹏长难句）
1.介绍
《GRE & GMAT阅读难句教程》精心挑选了GRE、GMAT历年考题中大量让考生头痛，而且不易理解和容易出错的结构复杂、意思艰深的句子，以结构分析法，采用各种特定的标识，剖析每段难句，并附有译文和解释。

为便于读者掌握分析意群的能力，还将原文做了意群标识。

以实战的要求为目的、迅速读懂、利用语法但是不靠语法，学练结合、以练为主。

2.使用方法：
本书使用价值较高，有着详细的使用方法：
STEP ONE
了解长难句（阅读并思考杨鹏难句1-3章）
STEP TWO
初期接触长难句第四章GRE部分前20句话好好看仔细看按照one中体会到得去做并且好好看好杨鹏给的解释至于语法除非自己有很大的兴趣我不推荐读我们要练习的是一个熟练度一个感觉一个惯性一个对高信息密度灌输的承受力而且那本书除了句子选取之外具体的分析意义不大把这20句话透透彻彻，让难句的融入我们大脑的阅读习惯中
STEP THREE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP FOUR.
快速扫过剩下的109句以每天20-30句的速度不用细分析只要满足看懂，
能体会到里面的调调就行
还有GMAT部分的69句也这样做
STEP FIVE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP SIX
自此之后每天背完一个LIST就10句早起和睡前也都是10句平时上没用的课的时候也把难句拿出来一句句看（熟练了的话基本上一节课就可以翻一遍）日复一日。

2021年杨鹏长难句完整版

GRE难句欧阳光明（2021.03.07）作者：杨鹏读者学习指导：大原则：以实战的要求为目的。

难句子不仅出现在阅读中，还出现在句子填空、逻辑单题中，因此，对难句子的攻克变得相当重要。

原则一：迅速读懂原则二：利用语法、不靠语法即在Gre中，考生永远也不需要再考场上分析一句话的语法成分，也不要想这句话有没有语法错误，考生的唯一任务就是现场迅速的读懂文章。

然而在初期可以少量的运用语法，目的有二：一为初学者如果看不懂句子得结构，往往会感到心情沮丧，或大脑混乱，根本就读不尽文章，因此引入语法能够给读者以信心；二为运用语法，可以了解文章的语法结构，并最终完全熟悉各种类型的句子，达到一遍就可以读懂句子得效果。

原则三：学练结合，以连为主训练的类别：1、难句阅读训练；2、阅读理解力训练；即“懂”3、阅读速度与阅读习惯训练，即“迅速”。

实际上，对于英语语法得学习，包括对英文单词的中文释意的记忆和对英语句子得中文翻译，都只是我们学习英语的辅助工具；我们最终的目的，是为了提高对英语的实际使用能力。

具体到Gre 的考试的应用上，就是看到英语句子时，正确的做法不应该是现场分析出其余法结构，再背出每个单词的中文释意，再把这些中文单词串成句子，最后才根据翻译出来的中文来想这句话的意思是什么，而是读到每个单词、每一句话的时候，大脑中的第一反映是其意思而不是中文释意。

同时，对于阅读习惯的培养相当重要，阅读过程中绝对不可以出声浪读，也不可以心读，而是意读，也不能单单得对一个词进行死抠，要知道阅读考的是句子和文章。

为此，建议如下：要点一：在难巨资进行的阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思（不是中文释意）为唯一目的。

什么时候读者发现自己完全消除了在阅读过程中的在大脑中的中文释意和语法分析过程，此要求即达到四种训练方式：a、意群训练；b、不回视训练；c、合理化原则推力训练；d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练a、意群训练：以几个相邻的表示同类意思的词为阅读的对象，而不是单个的单词。

GRE学习方法(知乎)

说实话，我是因为没经验，才花了整整一年准备GRE，不过分儿还好，语文680 数学800。

我的同学一般都是准备半年，总分一千三百多。

这么算起来我有点儿亏……G其实只考两个东西：单词和阅读。

第一步：背单词，背单词，背单词。

为什么要说三遍呢？因为我背了三遍……确切说，背了三遍之后可以开始做题，背单词本身是一个不可中断的过程，必须反复复习，一直持续到考试结束。

甚至考试结束了都不能断，万一一坨屎（ETS）又做出一个艰难的决定呢？（PS.我用的单词书是新东方的GRE词汇精选，号称红宝书。

其实里头有很多错，但基本不影响考试。

）第二步：做散题。

像我一样懒的话，可以报个新东方。

我读新东方最大的收获就是那一系列黄书。

我是说，黄封皮的按题型分类的真题教科书。

如果你可以从其他渠道搞到这一堆真题练习，那就开始练吧！不过新G不考类反题了，建议把练习时间匀给阅读。

我始终觉得阅读是没技巧拼实力的，需要长期的训练打底子。

另外，总的来说，把做题速度提起来生死攸关。

注意，一开始练散题的时候就要培养速度观念，毕竟真题有限，没那么多题给你浪费。

第三步：练套题。

模拟考试环境，用考试真题，限时搞完，不要自欺欺人。

再次提醒，考场上，时间就是生命。

碰上不会做的题，乱选；碰上不认识的单词，忽略（没错，你把红宝背穿还是会有成吨的生单词……尼玛GRE是一袭华美的袍，上面爬满了虱子一般的生单词……）。

另外，虽然我们是中国人，数学也是要练练的。

散题不用练，至少把你能搞到的套题都限时练完吧。

说一下G的作文，本人理科僧，很尽本分的考了个3.0……望提问者以我为鉴，知耻后勇，为国人争光，考他娘个5.5给一坨屎看看！再说托福。

根据本人经验，建议提问者先考G再考托（再次声明我不负法律责任！）好处有二1.不用再背单词。

以新东方出的单词书为例，一本TOFEL单词书每个list大概有十多个词是GRE红宝书里没有的，但是，以我个人经验，背完红宝而不背TOFEL单词书对考试没有影响。

GRE&GMAT阅读难句教程

TOEFL 群：243745114；GRE 群：243745709；GMAT ：243745864GRE&GMAT 阅读难句教程
使用方法STEP ONE
了解长难句（阅读并思考杨鹏难句1-3章）
STEP TWO
初期接触长难句第四章GRE 部分前20句话好好看仔细看按照one 中体会到得去做并且好好看好杨鹏给的解释
至于语法除非自己有很大的兴趣我不推荐读我们要练习的是一个熟练度一个感觉一个惯性一个对高信息密度灌输的承受力而且那本书除了句子选取之外具体的分析意义不大!把这20句话透透彻彻让难句的融入我们大脑的阅读习惯中
STEP THREE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP FOUR
快速扫过剩下的109句以每天20-30句的速度不用细分析只要满足看懂，能体会到里面的调调就行
还有GMAT 部分的69句也这样做
STEP FIVE
重新读1-3章继续体会
STEP SIX
自此之后每天背完一个LIST 就10句早起和睡前也都是10句平时上没用的课的时候也把难句拿出来一句句看（熟练了的话基本上一节课就可以翻一遍）
日复一日
STEP SEVEN
每过一遍都要看1-3章一次
STEP EIGHT
if<>step nine
then go to step six:
else do step nine
STEP NINE
直到有一天你的书废了（前提是你不能折磨那本书）或者你已经烂记于心、倒背如流把看那些句子变成看起来自然而然很习惯的时候
就可以停了。

GMAT一战760分经验分享

GMAT一战760分经历分享GMAT一战760分经历分享1. GMAT是什么(针对初学者)刚接触GMAT的时候我其实很懵，不知道CR, RC, SC, IR, AWA这些都是啥，看着这些简写真的挺手足无措。

于是我想先来科普一下，GMAT大概是个啥玩意。

GMAT总分值800，考试的流程是：首先是两个不计入总分的局部：先一篇AWA(作文)时间为30分钟，总分值6分;再是Integrated Reasoning (IR) 12道题目30分钟，总分值8分IR局部完毕后，你可以选择进入8分钟(还是7分钟来着)的休息，当然也可以不休息，直接进入计分局部的考试。

计分局部：先是数学(Q)37题75分钟，题型两种：DS(data suficiency)和PS(problem solving)数学完毕后又是一个可选的休息时间。

然后是语文(Verbal)41题75分钟，题型有三种：阅读(Reading Comprehension), 逻辑(Critical reasoning)，语法(sentence correction)需要注意的是，数学和语文的题目都是分题型，但是考试的时候不同类型的题目是随机交替出现的，理论上是不会有做完一种题型再考第二种题型这样的情况。

另外，GMAT考试是CAT形式也就是自适应性质的.，所以不存在托福考试那样提交一道题之后还可以回头更改答案的做法，并且前一题的正确与否会影响到你下一道题的难度。

2.我的背景简介(学生党，两个半月)2023年2月开场准备，4月中旬考试。

大概是两个半月的准备时间，3月开学之后除了上课之外都在复习GMAT。

托福100+之前在论坛上看过一些帖子有说过，要看那些条件和你差不多的人是怎么备考的。

很赞同。

比方我并没有方法全职复习，所以全职复习且复习时间很久的牛牛们的时间安排啊什么的对我而言就没有太大的参考价值。

同样的，建议各位看经历尤其是复习进度安排的时候，要考虑对方的方法对你到底是否适用。

李慧托福心得

托福备考心得李慧（托福115分已被美国西北大学录取）Test Test Date Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total TELXML Sat Aug1310:06:36 EDT201126262725104Test Test Date Reading Listening Speaking Writing Total TELXML Sun Sep2509:55:39EDT 201130292828115从一战104到二战115，我感觉是因为实力的提高。

查了分第一件事就是写经验贴，希望我的经验能帮助到更多还处在迷茫之中的人们。

因为从小英语基础就好，再加上高中又在学校国际部，平时上课就相当于练托福，所以还是比较适应托福。

但是裸考的话实力还是不够，可能90多分的水平吧。

所以从刚接触到现在这一两个月还是下了些功夫准备的。

先说一说我的考试情况。

托福班的时间老是跟我的时间冲突，所以我什么托福班也没报（就报了暑假的新东方SAT班），托福是完全在家准备的。

一战8月13号，上学期零星的复习了大约两三周，到了暑假各种事耽误，我后来就冲刺复习了二十天。

考完一战就上SAT班去了又耽误了大半个月，925这回也就复习了25天。

资料篇俞敏洪托福红宝书（不是45天版）杨鹏GRE长难句：这个一定要看！我阅读从一战26升到30它发挥了很大作用！！这本书囊括了很多GRE阅读的难句，还带翻译和解释，对提高实力很有帮助，基本上看完这本书托福难句就不太成问题了。

可以从网上花几个金币下下来。

百度文库，豆丁网都有。

Ibt新托福口语真题答案集。

这个对练口语很有好处，还配有答案。

TPO.这个是重中之重！！！提高成绩的关键！！！千万不要到网上东搜西搜拼出来一个不完整的几套TPO!!!一定要想方设法弄到软件版，而且是全TPO1~23套！备考核心就是这个，把TPO分析透了，上考场就没大问题了。

我是从淘宝上买的软件版，好像200元出头吧，挺省事的，还送好多资料，高分新托福120之类，还有算分器，更重要的是所有听力文本都搜集齐了，给我省了不少事，还提供托福范文（不太完整）等等资料，除了这个，新出了TPO店主还免费给我升级。

GMAT语法

在单个事件上，稳定的系统可能敌不过灵感的一次迸发，但当样本足够大，则稳定性的优势会逐渐凸显。所以我们要建立能覆盖大部分问题的，在不同类型的考题之间可以被重复利用，而且适合自身要素禀赋的系统，而不是追求所谓的“GMAT偏好选项”、XXX必错、XXX永远对等投机取巧的不完全归纳。
在长期的实践里面，结合目前机考的新动态，天道**给出几个用于推导稳定的做题系统的基本原则：
错误总结
虽然学了很多年语法，但是在做GMAT语法时，往往还是犯各种各样的GMAT语法错误，针对于此，**特收集整理造成一些GMAT语法错误的原因，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。
1. GMAT语法考试以改错的形式来考，题目中所涉及的错误类型都是非英语为母语国家的人最常犯的错误：如代词指代错误，主谓一致错误，虚拟语气现象，比较对象对等，平行结构错误等。
除些之外，GMAT语法还存在以下冷知识点一一介绍如下：
GMAT语法水平的提高不仅需要核心知识点的不断巩固和训练，更少不了对GMAT语法冷知识点的掌握，有些冷知识点虽然平时用的很少，但是考试的时候遇到如果感觉很生疏，对考试的心态和成绩都将有较大的影响。所以对于GMAT语法冷知识点要有一定的了解，虽然不想核心知识点一样有比较高的地位，但是也不容忽视。
简介
GMAT语法GMAT语法题型一共有25道题。出题形式是：一般给出一个句子，在句子一部分或全部的下方用线标明，要求考生针对划线的部分，从五个选项中作出最佳选择。请注意：答案（A）往往就是划线部分本身。
GMAT语法是最严谨的英语语法，它是向下兼容的，攻破GMAT语法后就可以藐视一切了你会发现原先读过的很多东西都是存在语法错误的。
GMAT语法
语文考试题型
01 简介
03 经验总结

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GRE难句作者：鹏读者学习指导：大原则：以实战的要求为目的。

难句子不仅出现在阅读中，还出现在句子填空、逻辑单题中，因此，对难句子的攻克变得相当重要。

原则三：学练结合，以连为主训练的类别：1、难句阅读训练；2、阅读理解力训练；即“懂”3、阅读速度与阅读习惯训练，即“迅速”。

具体到Gre的考试的应用上，就是看到英语句子时，正确的做法不应该是现场分析出其余法结构，再背出每个单词的中文释意，再把这些中文单词串成句子，最后才根据翻译出来的中文来想这句话的意思是什么，而是读到每个单词、每一句话的时候，大脑中的第一反映是其意思而不是中文释意。

为此，建议如下：要点一：在难巨资进行的阅读和训练中，只以在大脑中反映出所读英文的意思（不是中文释意）为唯一目的。

同时避免发声阅读，克服心的声音和喉头与嘴唇的颤动，关键是：要点二：眼睛在阅读材料上移动的速度要比自己在心中或喉头出生阅读的速度要快b、不回视训练：保证第一遍阅读时的高度注意力，避免回视，关键是：要点三：在阅读文章时，都要注意整句的回视现象，坚持一遍就都下来c、合理化训练：根据文章中得上下文的逻辑推理，将不懂得地方进行合理推理。

要点四：凡遇到不懂得地方，就用合理化推理进行推理d、速度与理解力的平衡点训练：一、推出自己的速度与理解力的平衡点；二、在阅读中根据所读的容的难度和重要性程度，调整自己的现场阅读速度要点五：贵在坚持，不可半途而废。

难句概论GRE阅读，包括数学和逻辑中的一些题干的一大特点，也就是一大难点，就是充斥着一些或很长、或很怪异的句子，我们称之为GRE难句。

句子，作为任何阅读文章最基本的阅读单位，其重要性不言而喻。

换句话说，句子读不懂，想要读懂文章，有如痴人说梦。

可使GRE阅读中的句子之繁难，超出其他所有的英语考试的畴，其长度更立人瞠目，往往读到句末，已经忘了前面在说些什么，令很多初学者困惑不已，不得不放弃真正读懂文章的想法。

然而，GRE难句绝非不可攻克，只要训练方法得当，并且能更每天半小时左右进行练习，GRE难句完全可以在一个月甚至几周被攻破，而做到这点，对我们GRE考生的意义是伟大的：第一，所有的长句子之读一遍就懂，避免了反复阅读成的时间浪费，可以大大的提高大家的阅读速度；第二，可以顺利地作出机考中的高分题，因为与难句对应的阅读题，包括数学和逻辑中读起来较难的题目，一定对应较高的分值；第三，可以增加阅读文章时的理解力，提高对文章整体的把握能力；第四，可以增加我们的自信心，产生一种阅读中的顺畅的愉快感，使我们在学习GRE中不再沉浸在一种烦躁的情绪之中，真正的与文章的容和作者的思路打交道。

GRE难句的由来：我们知道，GRE文章都摘自美国的科学杂志或学术论文。

我曾经到网上去看过那些东西，往往结构简单，句子流畅，绝不难读。

然而经过ETS改编和压缩之后，GRE句子变得句子冗长、结构复杂、信息量大，成读者的困难；因此GRE 的难句完全是人为的东西。

GRE难句与文章容的对应关系：我经过长期观察发现，GRE的各种文章中，句子的难度与文章的容右移种对应关系，也就是文章的容越简单，句子就越难；如生命科学和自然科学题材的文章，由于其容较难，细节较多，因此句子较短，较容易，以降低难度；而文学评论和社会科学的文章，引起容较少，作者态度较为明确，因而难句既多又难；我们很多考生因为无法读懂这些句子，反而认为这两种文章比生物、物理文章更难。

因此，对文学评论性文章比较害怕的同学们下一番功夫攻克GRE难句，就显得更为重要了。

GRE难句分析分为四大类：第一类：复杂修饰成分句子本不难，但是修饰成分多且长。

1、从句（定语、状语、同位语从句等等）；2、介词短语修饰；3、分词修饰；4、不定式修饰。

经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语，且都不止一个。

例：The methods that a community devises to perpetu ate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perc eives as essential.翻译：一个社会设计出来保存自己的方法得以形成来保持那个社会认为最重要的一些方面。

读法：初级：读出主谓宾来。

分析：主语：The methods；谓语：into being；不定式to引导表示目的状语。

高级：直接读，见后。

考查能力：考查考生的大脑容量。

第二类：大段的插入与或同位语，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解的困难。

我们称之为“打岔”。

例：Moreover，I can feel strong emotions in respons e to objects of art that are interpretations，rather than representations，of reality.（LSAT）读法：初级：跳过插入语；高级：直接读；查查能力：大脑容量+抗干扰能力第三类：倒装：由于应该放在句首的成分太长，因此倒装到句末。

也是一种人为现象。

例：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will ha ve and hence the number of gene copies transmit ted.读法：需要经过训练后才能按正常语序读。

正常语序：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of de scendants that an individual will have and henc e the sex ratio which maximize the number of g ene copies transmitted will be favered。

高级读法：直接读，见后：考查能力：大脑的排序能力第四类：省略：相对以上三种来讲比较简单，在短句家一般都可以看出。

但是如果在长句中出现，特别是如果与以上三种之一甚至几种同时出现，也会给同学们带来很大的困难。

如上例原句中的省略，在第二个the number of 前省略了"sex ration which maximizes".Gre难句的典型结构1、长成分1）、长从句做主语、宾语及其他成分a、主语从句b、宾语从句2）、长状语3）、层层修饰4）、并列成分2、常见倒装搭配（1）、及物动词加介词：固定词组的固定搭配中，经常出现倒装情况，如：bring A to B，写作：bring to B A例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of the most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who ,no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.类似的情况：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for , advocate as 等（2）、及物动词加副词例：make possible …(单词或者句子)3、省略的几种情况（1）、重复的成分（2）、让步转折的省略：如although (but)（3）、定语从句引导词的省略which（that ）（4）、定语从句的引导词和系动词同时省略，变成后置定语如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth4、短语被分割：如：such as, so that , too to , more than ,from A to B , between A and B5、多重否定：如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed .GRE难句训练法:训练方法：凡读过的GRE文章，凡有读一两遍不懂的句子，摘下或输入电脑：每天花半小时来读，读懂读顺为止；开始越窄越多，直到20句以后，越窄越少，一个月后几乎没有了。

这时可以达到高级读法：因为大脑已经熟悉了这4种难句的结构，因此可以预判和自动整理语序，除了太长的插入语之外（3行以上），均可以直接读下来。

这里面的道理在于，人的大脑对于语言的处理方式是高度自动化的，一旦大脑熟悉了某种语言的结构，他就会对以这样的结构出现的语句进行自动的处理，哪怕句子是语序到的，你也能在瞬间知道其意思，绝无混乱之感。

最令人头疼的倒装为例，举一个中文的例子，比如“如之奈何”依据，学过古文的同学都知道这实际上是“奈何如之”的倒装，意思是“如何来对付他？”然而读完“如之奈何”再把它恢复成正常语序“奈何如之”，才能理解其含义。