9种常见英语构词法(课堂PPT)
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初中英语语法-构词法(PPT27张)
12．Linda is the big __w_i_n_n_e_r_of the car race.
【点拨】句意：琳达是这次汽车比赛的大赢家。win是一个 动意思是“赢，胜利”。根据这句话的意思可知，这里是 说Linda是个大赢家，故应该用它的名词形式，即winner。
13．Do you know about the _e_a_s_te_r_n__ culture?
usual , win, polite, east, invent
14．We should always speak __p_o_li_t_el_y_to our parents.
【点拨】句意：我们应该总是有礼貌地跟我们的父母说话。 polite是一个形容词，意思是“有礼貌的”，在句中可以作 表语或定语。根据句意可知，这里修饰动词speak，故应该 用副词形式，即politely。
【点拨】第一空应填600 words，第二空修饰名词 passage， 应用形容词，“数词＋名词”可构成形容词，中间用连字 符连接，而且名词用单数形式。
考点 3【重点】 合成代词 考向一 反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 eg: The boy teaches himself English.
her favourite programme Running Man and it made her _u_n_h_a_p_p_y_ (happy)． 7．Messi is an excellent football __p_la_y_e_r__ (play)． 8．(中考·贵阳) It is __im__p_o_s_s_ib_l_e_ (possible) for me to do too many things in two days. Can you help me? 9．It was _a_m__a_z_in_g_ (amaze) that the man could ride the bicycle backwards. 10．Students should answer questions loudly and
【点拨】句意：琳达是这次汽车比赛的大赢家。win是一个 动意思是“赢，胜利”。根据这句话的意思可知，这里是 说Linda是个大赢家，故应该用它的名词形式，即winner。
13．Do you know about the _e_a_s_te_r_n__ culture?
usual , win, polite, east, invent
14．We should always speak __p_o_li_t_el_y_to our parents.
【点拨】句意：我们应该总是有礼貌地跟我们的父母说话。 polite是一个形容词，意思是“有礼貌的”，在句中可以作 表语或定语。根据句意可知，这里修饰动词speak，故应该 用副词形式，即politely。
【点拨】第一空应填600 words，第二空修饰名词 passage， 应用形容词，“数词＋名词”可构成形容词，中间用连字 符连接，而且名词用单数形式。
考点 3【重点】 合成代词 考向一 反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。 eg: The boy teaches himself English.
her favourite programme Running Man and it made her _u_n_h_a_p_p_y_ (happy)． 7．Messi is an excellent football __p_la_y_e_r__ (play)． 8．(中考·贵阳) It is __im__p_o_s_s_ib_l_e_ (possible) for me to do too many things in two days. Can you help me? 9．It was _a_m__a_z_in_g_ (amaze) that the man could ride the bicycle backwards. 10．Students should answer questions loudly and
英语构词法-超实用PPT课件
justice（公正）
note（注释）
quality（质量）
test（测试）
unity（团结、联合）加后缀
动词
classify（分类） glorify（美化） identify（识别） justify（为…辩护） notify（告知） qualify（使合格） testify（证实） unify（统一、联合）
添加前缀
counter- -
10
添加前缀 anti-
bacterial（细菌的） virus（病毒）
反义词
antibacterial（抗菌的） anti-virus（抗病毒）
cipher（编写密码） code（编码） frost（结霜） value（估价）
添加前缀 de-
decipher（译码） decode（解码） defrost（除霜） devalue（贬值）
-
12
添加前缀 il-
legal（合法的） literate（有教养的） logical（逻辑的）
balance（平衡） mature（成熟的） moral（道德的） patient（耐心的） perfect（完美的） personal（个人的） polite（礼貌的） possible（可能的） pure（纯的）
动词
clear（变清澈） cool (使变凉爽) empty（倒空） slow（减慢） warm（使温暖）
-
5
Examples
He handed me a piece of cake with his dirty hands.
The house has been valued at
over $200,000.
13
添加前缀
英语英语构词法 ppt课件
6. ___________(adj.)平等的
→___________(adv.) →________(n.) 相等,平等
7.__________(vi.)比赛,竞争
→__________(n.) 8._________(adv.) 幸运地→__________(adj.)
→________(n.PP)T课运件 气,财富,命运32
PPT课件
35
super-
superstar,supermarket,
superman, superpower
over-
overhead, overeat, overuse
mini-
minibus, miniskirt, mini-car
under-
underground, underestimate
semi-(半，部分)
英语构词法
PPT课件
1
英语构词法种类
英语构词法主要有三种： 转化、合成与派生。
另外还有截短、缩合等。
PPT课件
2
1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。
water n. 水 ------ water vt. 浇水
常见的转化形式： 动词 --- 名词 名词 --- 动词
PPT课件
3
动词----名词
能” leadership, hardship Spoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口),
handful(一把)
PPT课件
27
4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone --- phone influenza [ˌinfluˈenzə] --- flu. 流行性感冒
en + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大
→___________(adv.) →________(n.) 相等,平等
7.__________(vi.)比赛,竞争
→__________(n.) 8._________(adv.) 幸运地→__________(adj.)
→________(n.PP)T课运件 气,财富,命运32
PPT课件
35
super-
superstar,supermarket,
superman, superpower
over-
overhead, overeat, overuse
mini-
minibus, miniskirt, mini-car
under-
underground, underestimate
semi-(半，部分)
英语构词法
PPT课件
1
英语构词法种类
英语构词法主要有三种： 转化、合成与派生。
另外还有截短、缩合等。
PPT课件
2
1. 转化 : 是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。
water n. 水 ------ water vt. 浇水
常见的转化形式： 动词 --- 名词 名词 --- 动词
PPT课件
3
动词----名词
能” leadership, hardship Spoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口),
handful(一把)
PPT课件
27
4. 截短 : 是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。 telephone --- phone influenza [ˌinfluˈenzə] --- flu. 流行性感冒
en + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大
构词法(共29张PPT)
C Although my sister and I have a(n) 1. ________ different (differ) mother, we are 2. ________ certainly (certain) alike. This is not just a matter of 3. ___________ appearance (appear) though we are small with curly hair and have a tendency to overeat and put on weight. The resemblance goes much further than that. Throughout our 4. _________ childhood (child) we were brought up to be very adaptable and our 5. _______ ability (able) to accept change is another characteristic we share.
3. 合成代词 代词宾格/物主代词+ self/selves：herself, ourselves 某些不定代词some, any, every, no等+ body/one/thing：anyone, nothing 4. 合成介词 介词+介词：throughout, within
5. 合成副词 副词+名词：indoors, overhead, upstairs 介词+名词： beforehand（提前） 名词+形容词：sky-high 副词+介词：nearby 6. 合成动词 副词+动词：overhear, overwork, underline 名词+动词：moonwalk, sunbathe 形容词+动词：whitewash, safeguard
构词法(17张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
一二
13. ___L_u_c_k_i_ly(lucky), the 8th grade students in Changsha had a chance to work and study at the Social Practice Base in Lianhua Town. There, students learned to care about others and do outdoor physical practice in groups.
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The south of China was _b_a_d__ly___(bad) affected by the rainstorm a short time ago. 2. Daniel often feels __s_le_e_p_y__(sleep) in class because he stays up late to do his homework every night. 3. We are not sure what caused the young girl’s _s_a_d_n_e_s_s_(sad). 4. Computers are an important _i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_(invent) for humans.
re self under over
再；又 自己；本身 在……下面 太多；过分
rethink, retell, recycle selfconfident, selfcontrol underline, underground overwork, oversize
(2)后缀
类别
后缀及含义
er, or, ess(女性) “人”
13. ___L_u_c_k_i_ly(lucky), the 8th grade students in Changsha had a chance to work and study at the Social Practice Base in Lianhua Town. There, students learned to care about others and do outdoor physical practice in groups.
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The south of China was _b_a_d__ly___(bad) affected by the rainstorm a short time ago. 2. Daniel often feels __s_le_e_p_y__(sleep) in class because he stays up late to do his homework every night. 3. We are not sure what caused the young girl’s _s_a_d_n_e_s_s_(sad). 4. Computers are an important _i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_(invent) for humans.
re self under over
再；又 自己；本身 在……下面 太多；过分
rethink, retell, recycle selfconfident, selfcontrol underline, underground overwork, oversize
(2)后缀
类别
后缀及含义
er, or, ess(女性) “人”
构词法 PPT
积极的；活跃的
effect→effective 有效的；生效的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
continue→continuous 不断的；持续的 anxiety→anxious 忧虑的 caution→cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 humor→humorous 幽默的
science→scientific 科学的 economy→economic 经济的 history→historic 历史上著名的
imagine→imaginary 想象中的
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
(三)动词变为名词的后缀
approve→approval 赞成；批准 arrive→arrival 到来；到达 survive→survival 幸存 propose→proposal 提议；建议
discuss→discussion 讨论；辩论 decide→decision 决定 admit→admission 接纳；准许入学
hear→hearing
听力；听觉
begin→beginning 开始
achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 argue→argument 辩论；论据 treat→treatment 对待；治疗
构词法
英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、 合成法和转化法三种。 一、派生法 常见的派生构词法归纳： (一)形容词加ly变为副词的规律 1 ． 一 般 情 况 加 ly 。 如 ： real→really/careful→carefully/polite →politely/quick→quickly 2 ． “ 辅 音 字 母 ＋ y ” 结 尾 的 ， 将 y 改 为 ily 。 如 ： angry→angrily/busy→busily/heavy→heavily
高中英语语法 - 构词法 PPT课件 图文
photograph photo
advertisement ad 2. 混成法 (Blending)
breakfast + lunch = brunch 早晨和中午之间的饭 smoke + fog = smog 烟雾 work + welfare = workfare 工作福利 medical + care = medicare 医疗保险 3. 首字母缩略 （Initialisms） BBC British Broadcasting Corporation UN United Nations
⑥ -ist ……家，者 artist novelist violinist pianist (2)构成抽象名词＆集合名词的后缀 ① v. + ment movement government judgment ② v. + ion / sion / tion / ation action pronunciation invitation decision vision intention ③ n. + ship friendship membership relationship
-less careless hopeless useless homeless -ly friendly monthly lonely -y cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy -ous / ious dangerous serious -ed excited shocked frightened interested
-ing surprising exciting interesting shocking ⑷ 副词的后缀 -ly suddenly quickly slowly certainly nearly successfully -ward/wards backwards forwards downwards upwards northward southward eastward westward ⑸ 动词的后缀
advertisement ad 2. 混成法 (Blending)
breakfast + lunch = brunch 早晨和中午之间的饭 smoke + fog = smog 烟雾 work + welfare = workfare 工作福利 medical + care = medicare 医疗保险 3. 首字母缩略 （Initialisms） BBC British Broadcasting Corporation UN United Nations
⑥ -ist ……家，者 artist novelist violinist pianist (2)构成抽象名词＆集合名词的后缀 ① v. + ment movement government judgment ② v. + ion / sion / tion / ation action pronunciation invitation decision vision intention ③ n. + ship friendship membership relationship
-less careless hopeless useless homeless -ly friendly monthly lonely -y cloudy lucky hilly healthy noisy -ous / ious dangerous serious -ed excited shocked frightened interested
-ing surprising exciting interesting shocking ⑷ 副词的后缀 -ly suddenly quickly slowly certainly nearly successfully -ward/wards backwards forwards downwards upwards northward southward eastward westward ⑸ 动词的后缀
高中英语构词法课件(共54张PPT)
b. un+副词：undoubtedly, unexpectedly, unfortunately, unusually, unhappily, unluckily 由un＋形容词构成的词除了unknown, unseen, unfit等词之外，其它词都可变为加-ly的副词（个 别形容词尾需要变动）。
intelligent(intelligence)智力
confident(confidence)
patient(patience)
convenient (convenience)
elegant(elegance)
different(difference)
注意：特殊–ent结尾的形容词→ -ency结尾的名词
(6) disa. dis＋名词：dishonour, disease, discomfort b. dis＋形容词：dishonest, discouraged c. dis＋动词：disappear, dislike, discover, disclose,
disagree, discomfort, dismiss
构 词法
一：构词法分类
1派生词： 词根 (或单词) 附加前缀、后缀构成新词叫派 生词
rich-enrich home-homeless
2 转换法：把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类 back n.背- back v.支持 slow adj.慢的-slow v. 减慢
3合成法：由两个或两个以上单词合成一个单词
7)动词/形容词+y →名词
injure-injury discover-discovery
recover-recovery deliver -delivery
高中英语构词法课件(共54张PPT)
5)以–ent/ant结尾的形容词→ -ance/ence结尾的名词 violent(violence) distant(distance) present(presence) absent(absence)
obedient(obedience)
competent
(competence)能力,胜任,称职
blackboard
hand-made 手工制作的
语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换 的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法， 其中主要涉及到以下三条： 1. 在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语, 用 副词； 2. 在句中作定语、表语或补语, 一般用形 容词； 3. 作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语, 用 名词。
operator操作员
2) 动词+–ee→名词（ 表示“受动者，行动者”）
interviewee 被采访者 trainee 培训生 payee 收（受）款人 employee
3) -ist 表示“从事……研究者；信 仰……主义者”。 如：
pianist钢琴家 scientist科学家 artist艺术家 chemist药剂师 4) -dom 表示“等级，领域，状态”。如： freedom自由 kingdom王国 wisdom智慧
intelligent(intelligence)智力
confident(confidence)
patient(patience)
convenient (convenience)
elegant(elegance)
different(difference)
注意：特殊–ent结尾的形容词→ -ency结尾的名词
assist, attend, attract
高中英语构词法精品(19张)PPT优秀课件
move, possible
11
1.名词后缀：
-er
teacher, worker
-or
visitor, sailor
-tion
education, satisfaction
-ment development, movement
12
名词后缀 ：
-ity
ability, possibility
-ist
responsible
-ant, -ent
important, excellent
-ary
military, voluntary
14
3. 副词性的词缀：
-ly
quickly, softly, yearly
-wards
backwards, forwards
15
转化法(Conversion)
taste
n. 味道 It has a good taste. v. 尝起来 It taste very good.
n. 记录 He broke the record. record
v. 记录 He lies to record something while reading a book.
16
independent 词根
blackboard spaceship half-understand
first-class man-made good-looking sometimes beforehand
6
派生词(derivation)
• 加前缀： happy --- _u_n_happy
• 加后缀： develop --- develop_m__en__t
高三英语构词法(共59张PPT)
派生法引起的语法变化
动词也可通过前缀构成
enable
enlarge
endanger
注意： 派生法的规则不代表每个单词都可以用相同的前缀或者后缀进行语义 功能及语法功能的改变
派生法在语篇中的运用
1. Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.
Some people believe that the Internet has many negative aspects. Talking to people online or having a friendship with someone you only talk to on the Internet isn’t a replacement for real-life communication. While it can connect you with other people who use a smartphone, face-to-face contact with others is important to help you maintain healthy relationships.
合成法实践
1. While e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. （14北京高考，D）
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爱滋病；获得性免疫功能丧失综合症 Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局 Chief Executive Officer（公司等的）总经理，总裁 National People’s Congress（中国）全国人民代表大会 Federal Bureau of Investigation （美国）联邦调查局
• die-hard(死硬派) breakthrough workout
3 conversion 词性转化法
• 是指有一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的
意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.
• water n. 水 ------ water v. 浇水 • hand n. 手 --- hand in上交 v. • telephone n.电话 --- telephone v. 打电话 • look v. 看 --- take a look n. • empty adj. 空的 --- To empty the basket v. • stop v. 停止 --- n.车站 • interest.waste.present.close. back. spare • age.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare. • bour.hit.object.open.mean.stamp • match.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense
watch-making record-breaking peace-loving
heart - broken
adj.+n. =n. shorthand white-face （？） first-class high-speed long-distance quick-charge adj.+v-ing/v-ed =adj. new-born good-looking deep-breathing far-reaching cold-blooded left-handed adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj. hard-woking fast-developing well-known newly-built
• Theme park mail order
• mother-tongue doorbell
• sister-in-law death penalty
• sunglasses
mineral water
• sunflower
credit card
• bestman
Hale Waihona Puke housework• bridesmaid shoe shop
（已有词汇增加新词意）
1 affixation 词缀法
• 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 • 前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，
只有少数能引起词类的变化。
mis- + understand v. 理解 -- misunderstand v. 误解 en- + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大
• n.+adj=n./adj • color-blind • world-famous • n.+v-ing=n./adj • proof-reading • hand-writting • earth shaking • n+v-ed=adj • hand-made •
duty-free toothache
(Page 247: Appendix III)
1 affixation 词缀法
• 后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。
• humor n. 幽默 --- humorous adj. 幽默的 • real adj. 真实的 --- realize v. 实现 • trend n. 潮流，时尚 --- trendy adj. 时尚的
• 特殊情况： • help n. 帮助 --- helpless adj. 无助的 • duty n. 关税 --- dutyfree adj. 免税的
2 Compounding 合成法
• 由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词
• n.+n.
• six-year-old greenhouse
• baby-sitter snowfall
英语构词法
• 1. affixation 词缀法 • 2. Compounding 合成法 • 3. conversion 词性转换法 • 4. Acronym 首字母缩略词 • 5. clipping 剪切法 缩短法 • 6. blending 混合法 • 7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法 • 8. borrowing words from other languages（外来语） • 9. adding new meaning into existing words
4 Acronym(首字母缩略词)
CAD; VIP; WHO; BBC; OPEC; AIDS; CIA; CEO; NPC; FBI computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 very important person 重要的人；贵宾 world health organization 世界卫生组织 British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
5 Clipping 剪切法
• v-ing.+n.=n
• sitting room dining car running water
• working people
flying fish
• v.+n.=n.
• pickpocket (？) breakwater（放浪堤）
workplace
• v.+adv.=n.
• get-together take-away(熟食)
• die-hard(死硬派) breakthrough workout
3 conversion 词性转化法
• 是指有一种词性转化为另一种词性。单词转化后的
意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.
• water n. 水 ------ water v. 浇水 • hand n. 手 --- hand in上交 v. • telephone n.电话 --- telephone v. 打电话 • look v. 看 --- take a look n. • empty adj. 空的 --- To empty the basket v. • stop v. 停止 --- n.车站 • interest.waste.present.close. back. spare • age.amount.damage.dawn.desert.cost.bare. • bour.hit.object.open.mean.stamp • match.place.sound.spring.spot.treasure.sense
watch-making record-breaking peace-loving
heart - broken
adj.+n. =n. shorthand white-face （？） first-class high-speed long-distance quick-charge adj.+v-ing/v-ed =adj. new-born good-looking deep-breathing far-reaching cold-blooded left-handed adv.+v-ing/v-ed=adj. hard-woking fast-developing well-known newly-built
• Theme park mail order
• mother-tongue doorbell
• sister-in-law death penalty
• sunglasses
mineral water
• sunflower
credit card
• bestman
Hale Waihona Puke housework• bridesmaid shoe shop
（已有词汇增加新词意）
1 affixation 词缀法
• 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 • 前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，
只有少数能引起词类的变化。
mis- + understand v. 理解 -- misunderstand v. 误解 en- + large adj. 大的 --- enlarge v. 扩大
• n.+adj=n./adj • color-blind • world-famous • n.+v-ing=n./adj • proof-reading • hand-writting • earth shaking • n+v-ed=adj • hand-made •
duty-free toothache
(Page 247: Appendix III)
1 affixation 词缀法
• 后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。
• humor n. 幽默 --- humorous adj. 幽默的 • real adj. 真实的 --- realize v. 实现 • trend n. 潮流，时尚 --- trendy adj. 时尚的
• 特殊情况： • help n. 帮助 --- helpless adj. 无助的 • duty n. 关税 --- dutyfree adj. 免税的
2 Compounding 合成法
• 由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词
• n.+n.
• six-year-old greenhouse
• baby-sitter snowfall
英语构词法
• 1. affixation 词缀法 • 2. Compounding 合成法 • 3. conversion 词性转换法 • 4. Acronym 首字母缩略词 • 5. clipping 剪切法 缩短法 • 6. blending 混合法 • 7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法 • 8. borrowing words from other languages（外来语） • 9. adding new meaning into existing words
4 Acronym(首字母缩略词)
CAD; VIP; WHO; BBC; OPEC; AIDS; CIA; CEO; NPC; FBI computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计 very important person 重要的人；贵宾 world health organization 世界卫生组织 British Broadcasting Corporation 英国广播公司 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
5 Clipping 剪切法
• v-ing.+n.=n
• sitting room dining car running water
• working people
flying fish
• v.+n.=n.
• pickpocket (？) breakwater（放浪堤）
workplace
• v.+adv.=n.
• get-together take-away(熟食)