研究生英语系列教程答案
研究生英语系列教程_多维教程_探索_课文答案
1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
研究生英语综合教程(下)-全部答案及解析
The correct answer is A. The interviewer asks about the best way to learn a new language, and the guest recommendations introduction
Listening Analysis
VS
Answer to Question 2
The correct answer is C. The author suggestions that improve their writing skills, students should read a variety of materials, write regularly, and seek feedback from peers and teachers
Analysis of tutorial characteristics
The tutorial is designed to be highly interactive and student-centered, encouraging active participation and discussion
Question 2
The correct answer is C. The speaker advice that to improve memory, one should exercise regularly, eat a balanced die, and practice relaxation techniques
Analysis 3
The interview is conducted in a case and conversational style, with the interviewer asking insightful questions and the guest offering practical tips on language learning The language used is accessible and engaging
研究生英语教材课后习题解答上册
研究⽣英语教材课后习题解答上册Unit 1Text AExercises1. Reading comprehensionA. Read the text and answer the following questions.1. What, according to the author, do Americans love? Cite examples to illustrate your point.Americans love new frontiers. For example, they hanker after wide-open spaces; they like to explore; they like to make rules but refuse to follow them.2. Is there a place on earth where you can go and be yourself? What is the place according to the author?According to the author, there is a place—cyberspace, where you can go and be yourself.3. What metaphor does the author use to describe cyberspace? Why does she use such a metaphor?Real estate, because both real estate and cyberspace consist of different parts and each part is suitable for a particular group of people.4. Does the author approve of regulating cyberspace? Why or why not?Yes, but first, it is fundamental to understand the nature of cyberspace.5. What does the author think is needed in cyberspace besides government control?Self-rule.6. What are some of the main areas of cyberspace that the author defines? What other areas do you know that have recently emerged in cyberspace (e.g. e-business)?E-mail conversations, information and entertainment services, and cyberspace communities.7. How do cyberspace communities evolve? Give examples to illustrate your point.People of similar interests and tastes form a community. For example, communities on CompuServe tend to be professional; those on America Online are affluent young singles, and so on.8. What is unique about cyberspace rules? What authority do they have that rules in terrestrial environments don’t have?It allows communities of any size and kind to flourish. Cyberspace rules have moral authority that terrestrial governments don’t have.9. In what spirit are new communities formed?Communities cater to their own members’ inclination..10. What kind of government do explorers in cyberspace need?Their own local government besides terrestrial government does explorers.11. What should be done to deal with questionable items in cyberspace? Are people already doing that?We should be banning them and using labels and automatic filters to get rid of them. Yes.12. Is cyberspace a perfect place? If not, why are people so excited about it?No, it is not. People are excited about it because it offers a lot of information and freedom.B. Global understanding and appreciation of the text.1. Analogy (⽐喻，类推) is a figure of speech (修辞⼿段) which draws a parallel between two different types of things, anduses on (usually familiar to the reader) to explain reader’s understanding of the writer’s point.Can you draw a parallel between real estate and cyberspace? What point does the analogy support?The analogy between real estate and cyberspace2. By dividing cyberspace into three parts and using similes(明喻), the author defines the nature of cyberspace and illustrates further her point that government regulation is not needed in cyberspace. Complete the following form to show that you understand the author’s point. Please be reminded that the underlyingA is like B”.structure of a simile is “3. In what way do the rules of a terrestrial government and those of a cyberspace community differ? Refer to para. 11 to answer the question.4. What is the language style of the article? Is it formal and literary or informal and conversational? Cite examples from the text to support your answer.This article is written in an informal and conversational style. For example, theauthor uses some slangy words, incomplete sentences, contractions, and addresses the reader as “you”.II. VocabularyA. Find a word or phrase from the paragraph indicated in the bracket that means the same as:1. in the past —→ formerly2. include —→ embrace3. man-made —→ artificial4. control systematically —→ regulate5. exactly —→ precisely6. undesired —→ unwanted7. irrelevant —→ extraneous8. having intense feeling —→ passionate9. aim toward —→ be targeted to10. not far away —→ at hand11. be charged for —→ be sued forB. Choose the best word to complete each of the following sentences,1. this book ____a___ all the information you need.a. containsb. embracesc. offersd. involves2. The government _____c____ the number of foreign cars that could be imported.a. refrainsb. restrainsc. restrictsd. prevents3. As a teacher you should not show _____b___ towards any of your students.a. pleasureb. favorc. preferenced. inclination4. Traffic is _____d___ by police at every intersection.a. enforcedb. imposedc. limitedd. regulated5. How much do you ____b___ for this pair of shoes?a. billb. chargec. costd. afford6. We can ______b____ now and return to work in the morning.a. leave outb. leave offc. sign awayd. sign off7. That matter can be left ___b___ until our next meeting.a. onb. overc. aloned. about8. I learned that he was _____a____ sick leave from a government office.a. onb. inc. takend. spending9. It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had ever set eyes ____c_____.a. tob. inc. ond. down10. Each week he tried to set _____d____ a few dollars of his salary.a. forthb. aboutc. apartd. asideIII. ClozeChoose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary:Born to SurfThe web From the Window contains poetry and literature from well-known writers across the global. There are thoughtful articles analyzing the state of the world we live in. There is (1)even a piece from the Secretary General of the United States, Kofi Annan. It may come (2)as some surprise to find out (3)that the editor of the magazine is a 12-year-old girl, Joy Nightingale.From the Window (4)won Joy Nightingale the first prize in the 1999 childnet Inter-national and Cable and Wireless awards. These are given (5)annually for the best use of the Internet (6)by and for young people. And (7)they highlight one ofthe most welcoming aspects of the (8)virtual world. Children have taken to the Internet as though they are born surfing.Perhaps this is (9)because adults have had to change their understanding of technology while children (10)simply accept it as natural. Whatever the reason, children can be found building websites and E-mailing friends (11)across the world while adults are (12)still asking: “Tell me again —where (13)exactly is cyberspace?”Of course there is growing (14)concern about the fact that children can travel far away from parental supervision incyberspace. In (15)response , many parents have installed soft-ware packages which prevent (16)access to violent or pornographic websites. Childnet is taking a more positive line. The website is a gateway (17)to a world of education and entertainment.The rapid growth in Internet culture has (18)led analysts to speculate that society will soon be divided (19)between the “information rich”and “information poor”. For Childnet it is especially important that children at the margins of society through poverty or disability have the chance to take their (20)palce as equal citizens in the virtual world.IV. TranslationTranslate the following into Chinese:The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand. Incyberspace, we’ll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed — intellectual property, content and access control, rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in: others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another. Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities). Those that can’t survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off-will simply wither away.⼀种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。
研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)
Unit 1Text AII. Language points1.How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done. <Para. 1> If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.2.Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. <Para. 2> You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.3.And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. <Para. 5>… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.4.To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. <Para. 6> … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.5.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. <Para. 9> Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed— and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.6.Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? <Para. 13> Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?7.Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking.<Para. 13> Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.8.Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/occupations that interest you. <Para. 13> You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.9.Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to a new career path. <Para. 18> Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.10.If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job descriptions.<Para.18> If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job pos tings and jobadvertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviewsin which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..11.Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and priories. <Para. 20>Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.12.Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for today may notbe in demand years from now. <Para. 21> Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.13.Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that employers will alwaysvalue while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes.<Para. 21> When planning career for the long.run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes.14.Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your attitudes and interestsas they relate to possible career choices. <Para. 25> The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.15.Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.<Para. 26> In thesection of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.16.Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular basis. <Para. 31> Itis great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.17.The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master, though theconcept is especially important for career changers and college students.<Para. 33> All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next jobIII. Key to the exercises1. Reading Comprehension<1>According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from one’s currentjob/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.<2>The main idea of the passage:The passageoffers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.<3>Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on a timeframeranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.<4>In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself form all career barriers,such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.<5>Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future lifestyle,likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.2. VocabularySection A<1> on the move <2> In terms of <3> quintessential <4> perspective<5> priority<6> cloud <7> brainstormed <8> extravert, introvert<9> Reverting <10> timeframeSection B<1> A<2> B<3> C<4> C<5> A<6> D<7> D<8> A<9> C<10> A3. Cloze<1> right<2> not<3> wrong<4> First of all<5> knowledge<6> Only<7> no matter what<8> outperform<9> successful<10> higher<11> who<12> still<13> rather than<14> figure out<15> worst<16> Then<17> However<18> rehearse<19> more<20>instead of4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1> Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, "failure is the mother ofsuccess.〞And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.<2>The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of the exotic.<3>Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So parents must pay1 / 432special attention to their children’s growth in this period.<4>Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.<5>You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible action plan thatcan be fulfilled in one year.<6>In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent speaker of English, butit’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.<7>Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he could.<8>Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the apes branched intotwo distant species.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作,仔细思量你的事业,为未来制定计划.无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作,职业规划能够帮助你.职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁,没有这座桥,你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥,就有了安全的保证和明确的方向.2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕一位权威科学家警告说,机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规X的监督和控制,以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用,比如看小孩、照顾老人以与作战等情境.〔2〕谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说,机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中,这可能会导致〔被服务者〕与世隔绝的状态,因为人们在给机器人设定指令后,往往很长时间不再问津.〔3〕第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令,但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己,但不得违反前两条定律.〔4〕但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现,不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征,比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以与面部识别等能力.〔5〕目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上.如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等,我都不会有这些担忧了. Text BCareer Path: Acting Your AgeKey to the exercisesGuess the meaning of the word<s><1> troublesome<2> strenuous<3> handicap <4> similar in meaning<5> applies <6> commendable <7> saturated <8> intimidating<9> attracting <10> What’s moreTrue or false(1)T<2>F<3>T<4>F<5>F<6>T<7>T<8>F.Unit 2Text AII. Language points1.Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. <P ara.1>According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.set back: cost <a person> specific amounte.g. My new car set me back $3000.2.The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.<Para.1>The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also prove d that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.3.Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. <P ara.2> In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.4.The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past year deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… <Para.2>deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究,审议e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.5....even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. <P ara.2>…even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry.The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean "bleeding〞. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.6.More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station.<Para.2> To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station.mothball: to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.7.The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history.<Para.3> The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened before.shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.8.The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for3 / 434NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. <Para.3>The move—NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors— could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets. 9.In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms.<Para.3>In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.10."We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor, managing situationswith a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,〞says Larry Williams. <Para.3> We are talking about the movement —NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.11.The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. <Para.5> The next step is toenable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.aloft:adj./adv.high in the air 在空中高处Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.12.To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely without precedent.<Para.5> In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give uptheir responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.relinquish:vt.to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillinglyIf you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管13.Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than three years, once itgets the green light. <Para.6> Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.14.If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s ever been before.Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. <Para.8> If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before. It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price,but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.15.The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew paramount, it stillhasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. <Para.8> The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia andits 7 crew members in 2003.16.…the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA needs a biggerrocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. <Para.9>… the space shuttle is unreliable partly because its space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carryingcargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.overly: too/ extremely17.It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some payoff down theroad. <Para.9> Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits..payoff:n. return; reward; payment18.Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem much less so, thanksto the climate crisis. <Para.9> The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.19.…the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profit is big enough to give any entrepreneurpause. <Para.10> … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇,使犹豫This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思.His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫.20.The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. <Para.11>Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.III. Key to the exercises1. Reading comprehension<1> In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson from makingameticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures.<2>By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to showthat NASA actually canpay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.<3>NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacksfunding to keep its humanspaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.<4>There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies.The first is to get cargodelivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.<5>Give your own comments.2. VocabularySection A<1> fanciful<2> eminent<3>meticulous<4>aloft<5>mogul<6> shortfall<7> quantify<8> relinquished<9> entrust<10> wholesaleSection B<1> C<2> B<3> C<4> D<5> B<6> C<7> B<8> D<9> C<10> B3. Cloze<1> predicted<2> pass<3> doubt<4> catch<5> running<6> high-lever<7> lag<8> convinced<9>assured<10> reasonably<11>dismissed<12> acute<13> called<14> offer<15> creation<16> feats<17> failed<18>lack<19> blame<20> boss4. TranslationA. Chinese to English1> Translate the following sentences into English.<1>By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a billion gallons ofpetrol could be saved.<2>Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about $310 million, a billthat increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.<3>Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far into the next century.<4>What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games day and night and5 / 436nothing can entice them from computers.<5>It’s an interesting suggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since it is so costly.<6>At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new opportunities ofemployment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.<7>A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while 45 percent stillbelieved in love at first sight.<8>Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional problems, schoolachievements and surroundings, etc.2> Translate the following paragraph into English.After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite <Sputnik 1> on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership <known as the "Sputnik crisis〞>, urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate measures. Several months of debate produced an agreement that a new federal agency was needed to conduct all non-military activity in space. The Advanced Research Projects Agency <ARPA> was also created at this time.B. English to Chinese1> Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.首要任务是把货物送到太空. 美国航空航天局猎户星座航空舱仅是针对航天员设计的,所以把种子基金付给私人太空机构去实现把物品送到太空站.去年美国航空航天局就签订了两个合同, 一个是以16亿美元的价格委托美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX>为美国航空航天局12次发射运载火箭. 另一个是以19亿美元的价格委托美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕为其完成八次太空飞行任务.为了履行这一合同,美国宇宙探索技术公司<SpaceX> 现正在组建猎鹰9号火箭助推器,以便运送无人驾驶的太空舱与太空站对接.太空员卸下货物后让其返回地球.美国轨道科技公司〔Orbital Sciences Corp.〕组建的类似的金牛座II火箭预计将在20##投入使用.威廉说："从美国航空航天局的角度来看,他们最终关心的不是你怎么收到了,而是想办法把送到.〞2> Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.〔1〕太空项目的提案者早就有过这样的警告,逐渐增加的太空垃圾带最终会导致碰撞,就正如星期二所发生的,在西伯利亚上空500英里处,美国的一颗卫星与现已失效的俄罗斯卫星发生严重的撞击.〔2〕人类有惊人的乱丢垃圾的能力,但普遍存在的共识是：浩瀚的太空不会因为人类的行为而受到巨大的伤害.〔3〕我们的卫星在太空飞行的最高处离地球22000英里,当你知道这是地球到月球距离的1/10时,这一距离就听起来就不是很远的了.〔4〕每次即便是我们把一个小小的卫星送入它运行的轨道,伴随这一运载过程的也不仅仅是卫星.〔5〕一些政府机构的联盟,包括美国航空航天局、北美防空联合司令部,甚至美通讯委员会跟踪记录了星球上空的漂浮的所有垃圾,目前这些不断增加的垃圾让人无比地恐慌.Text BThe New Space Race<1> left / flied away from<2> hesitated<3> prevented or impaired<4> brought back to use/ revived <5> unfriendly/ hostile<6> made free from bacteria<7> space / vacancy <8>vulnerable / weak<9> a kind of metal element <10> filled with/ full ofTrue or false<1> T<2> F<3> F<4> T<5> F<6> T<7> T<8> FUnit 3Text A.II. Language points1. The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.<Para. 1>The utilitarian principle is that happiness is worth obtaining and is the only thing worth obtaining as a purpose; all other things being so only as a way to obtain happiness.2.What ought to be required of this doctrine, what conditions is it requisite that the doctrine should fulfill, to make good its claim to be believed?<Para. 1>What requirements should this principle meet, what are the necessary conditions this principle should accomplish to make its claim good for people to believe?requisite a. required by circumstances or necessary for successe.g. Have you the requisite visa to enter Canada?have/lack the requisite capital to start a business3.In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.<Para. 2>Likewise, I think the only evidence we can possibly offer to prove anything to be desirable is that people do actually desire it.apprehend v. grasp the meaning of <sb./sth.>; understande.g. Do I apprehend you aright, i.e. Do you mean what I think you mean?sole a. one and only; singlee.g. the sole cause of the accidentthe sole survivor of the crash4.If the end which the utilitarian doctrine proposes to itself were not, in theory and in practice, acknowledged to be an end, nothing could ever convince any person that it was so.<Para. 1>If the purpose which the utilitarian doctrine itself intends to fulfillwere not accepted to be a purpose both in theory and in practice, then nothing could ever make anyone believe that it was so.5. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness.<Para. 2>We can give no reason why the general happiness is desirable except that each person desires his own happiness as long as he believes that it can be achieved.attainable a. that can be attainede.g. These objectives are certainly attainable.6.This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, but all which it is possible to require, that happiness is a good, that each person’s happiness is a good to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a good to the aggregate of all persons.<Para. 2>However, it is a fact that the general happiness is desirable, and we have not only all the evidence that the case agrees with, but all the evidence that it is likely to need,to prove that happiness is a benefit, that each person’s happiness is a benefit to that person, and the general happiness, therefore, a benefit to all persons as a whole.aggregate n. total amount; mass or amount brought togethere.g. the complete aggregate of unemployment figures7.Now it is palpable that they do desire things which, in common language, are decidedly distinguished from happiness. <Para. 3>Now it is obvious that people do desire things which, in everyday words, are definitely different from happiness. palpable a. clear to the mind; obviouse.g. a palpable lie, errordistinguish v. recognize the difference between <people or things>e.g. People who cannot distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one from the other.8.They desire, for example, virtue, and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.<Para.3>For example, they want to have virtue and avoid vice as much as they want to have pleasure and avoid pain.vice:n. evil or unprincipled conduct; wickednesse.g. Greed is a terrible vice.9.The desire of virtue is not as universal, but it is as authentic a fact, as the desire of happiness. <Para. 3>Although the7 / 43。
研究生英语高级教程参考答案及翻译
Unit 1Move Over, Big BrotherBackground Information1. Big Brother: An omnipresent, seemingly benevolent figure representing the oppressive control over individual lives exerted by an authoritarian government. (after Big Brother, a character in the novel 1984 by George Orwell)Answer keysI. Reading comprehension1. B2. C3. D4. A5. D6. B7. D8. B9. D 10.CⅡ. VocabularyA. 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. DB. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. BⅢ. Cloze1. C2. D3. B4. B5. B6. A7. C8. A9. D 10. DⅣ. TranslationA.人们已经越来越意识到计算机的某些应用对我们所谓的“个人隐私”这种抽象的价值观可能带来的影响。
过去，冗繁的活字印刷技术抑制了人们搜集并保存同伴信息的欲望，因而限制了个人信息的记载。
但现在许多人已表示担忧,由于计算机信息容量大、准确无误、储存信息久，它可能会成为监视系统的中心，使社会变成透明的世界，将家庭、财政收支、社交等暴露在各种各样漫不经心的观察者面前，这些人中有些是病态的好奇者，也有居心不良或刺探商业情报的人。
B. Anyone who googles for a website or looks up a friend on Facebook is likely to have those actions recorded and stored on a database somewhere. Although many internet users seem to remain unaware of the fact that big governmental and corporate brother is watching you, every now and again something brings a reminder of the ever greater amount of personal information being gathered.Ⅴ. Fast reading1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C参考译文老大哥，移过去一点[1] 对路易十四而言，即使在卧室里生活没有隐私都不是问题。
研究生英语教程课后习题答案(中国人大出版社)
UNIT four爱因斯坦痛苦的罗曼史沃尔特·沙利文[1]新近披露的艾伯特·爱因斯坦与意中人（此人后来成为他的元配）之的来往信件，向人们展示了这对情侣饱含辛酸的爱情经历。
[2]有许多信件都叙述了这位年轻科学家和他未婚妻米莱娃·玛丽克之间的爱情，叙述了因为爱因斯坦的母亲拼命反对这门亲事而引起他俩的痛苦心情，还叙述了他俩为孩子的即将出世油然而生的兴奋心情。
[3]然而，这个女孩后来的命运如何依然是个谜。
她是在这对夫妇于1903年结婚前生下的，而且对她后来的情况显然没有记载。
[4]与所披露的艰难的罗曼史交织在一起的是爱因斯坦满怀信心地为自己的相对论概念而努力奋斗的思想片断。
[5]爱因斯坦与玛丽克(她出生在当时匈牙利的塞尔维亚地区，现为南斯拉夫的一部分。
)是在1896年交上朋友的。
当时他俩正一起在苏黎世的联邦理工学院学习，在后来的许多岁月中，因爱因斯坦为找工作奔波，玛丽克为回家探亲而造成多次分离，所以他们通信频繁。
[6]爱因斯坦在信中向玛丽克吐露，自己正投身于物理学的许多领域(其中包括光的特性、相对运动和分子现象)内发生的革命。
[7]据波士顿大学物理学教授、爱因斯坦论文集的编辑约翰·施塔赫尔博士说，看起来，与其说玛丽克是爱因斯坦思想的贡献者，不如说是爱因斯坦思想的“共鸣者”。
[8]1899年爱因斯坦20岁。
在给玛丽克的一封信中，他提前谈论了自己6年后发表的早期相对论思想。
当时许多物理学家仍然认为空间充满着一种能使光波传播的不可见的介质。
他们将这种介质称之为“传光的以太”。
[9]爱因斯坦的信还透露了他家里的人对玛丽克的鄙视态度。
1900年7月，他得到姐姐的警告说，父母竭力反对他与玛丽克结婚。
当他把自己的打算告诉母亲后，“妈妈一下子扑倒在床上，把头埋在枕头下，哭得像孩子似的”，他在给玛丽克的信中写道。
[10]爱因斯坦继续写道：“当她从开头的打击中恢复过来后，便立即转换方式，发起猛烈攻势。
研究生英语综合教程1-4课后答案
1.The _tranquil atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might _ultimately lead to even more job losses.3. In the aftermath of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity cancel out _ her occasional flashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _ordeal.6. Foreign food aid has led to a _drastic reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.7. Perhaps her most important _legacy was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other _deprivations during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove _ suicidal for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than _anticipated11. The experience was enough to keep him _preoccupied for some time.12. The road to happiness is paved with _ adversities13. She _ aspires to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by _ nostalgia for the surroundings of his happy youth.15. In _retrospect, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.1. entertainA. Frankie is known throughout the _entertainment_ business as an energetic performer.B. Children’s TV pro grams nowadays are much more _entertaining _ than they used to be.2. attachA. Regular babysitters can become deeply _attached _ to the children they take care of.B. When I was doing an English course in Brighton, I formed a strong _attachment_ to the other students in my class.3. historyA. The film doesn’t try to be _historically _ accurate, but it is based loosely on real events and people.B. In his book, Churchill describes that _historic _ first meeting with Roosevelt.4. innovateA. When it was first introduced, the electric car was described as one of the 10 most _innovative_ products of the year.B. _Innovations _ in information technology have completely transformed the way students work.5. flawA. Each party rejec ted the other’s approach, saying it was _flawed _.B. I had thought that he was a native Chinese because he spoke in_flawless _ Chinese.6. controversyA. There has been a huge _.controversy _ over where to put the city’snew sports stadium and who should build it.B. He wrote a very _controversial_ book, but I think he has regretted it since.7. reviseA. He gave his work to his friend to _revise _, because he found it hard to see his own mistakes.B. The book went through several _revisions _ before the publisher was finally satisfied with it.8. commentateA. The _commentary _ on the Olympic Games was much better on the other channel.B. After retiring, he became a radio _commentator_ on cricket and rugby, and also wrote about both sports for Sunday newspapers.9. restrictA. However, the company has a highly _ restrictive _ policy which makes such development difficult.B. Increasingly, campaigners are demanding that countries impose _restrictions _ on advertising aimed at children.10. heroA. He was famed for _heroic_ deeds during the war.B. America’s present need is not _heroics _, but calm diplomacy1. Employers cannot discriminate on the basis of racial or ethnic background.2. All types of insurance are handled both for personal and corporate customers.3. Police believe the tragic death of 21-year-old Lee Russell may be linked to drug abuse.4. Mostly because of his defense and athletic ability, his playing time has increased the last two weeks.5. We have looked at some of the key principles that underlie microeconomics.6. A stack of copies was piled up at the entrance to the Arts Lab.7. The critical factors in determining the growth in the present study are all external; none are intrinsic to the science itself.8. Pan has been struggling financially: last year alone, advertising revenue fell by 20%.9. I was constantly engrossed by the problems of time, space, quality, and other categories of reason.10. The award ceremony will be held at the National Film Theater tonight.1) discreet discretion discreteA. These small companies now have their own _discrete _ identity.B. We were all pretty open with each other but very _ discreet _ outside.C. You can trust her to keep your secret—she’s the sou l of _ discretion__.2) audit auditor auditory auditoriumA. The external _auditors _ come in once a year.B. We gathered in an _auditorium _ and watched a videotape.C. The yearly _audit _ takes place each December.D. It’s an artificial device which stimulates the _auditory _ areas of the brain.E. The fund is _audited_ annually by an accountant.3) conceive contrive conception contrivanceA. The _conception _ of the book took five minutes, but writing it took a year.B. This was a steam-driven _contrivance_ used in 19th century clothing factories.C. Miraculously, he managed to _ contrive _ a supper out of what was left in the cupboard.D. He was immensely ambitious but unable to _ conceive_ of winning power for himself.4) gargle giggle gasp gossipA. Once one child starts _giggling _ it starts the whole class off.B. The circus audience _gasped _ with amazement as she put her head in the lion’s mouth.C. The advertisement promises that _gargling _ mouthwash will freshen your breath and kill germs.D. There has been much _gossip_ about the possible reasons for his absence.5) passion passionate affection affectionateA. She gave her daughter a(n) _affectionate _ kiss and put her to bed.B. He spoke with considerable _passion _ about the importance of art and literature.C. Their father never showed them much _affection_.D. I remember many _passionate_ arguments taking place around this table.6) relevant relentless reluctantA. Many parents feel _reluctant _ to talk openly with their children.B. Ridge's success is due to a _relentless _ pursuit of perfection.C. For further information, please refer to the _relevant _ leaflet.7) revere reverence reverentA. I stood there, gazing down, and feeling a _reverence _ for these spectacles of the natural world.B. The Bishop’s sermon was received in _reverent _ silence.C. Most of us _ revere_ the Bible, but few of us read it regularly.8) pore peer peep perceiveA. I saw her _ peeping _ through the curtains into the room.B. She _peered _ through the mist, trying to find the right path.C. A key task is to get pupils to _perceive _ for themselves the relationship between success and effort.D. Aunt Bella sat at the table, _poring_over catalogues, surveying the accounts, calculating.1) The children get _fidgety _ if they have nothing to do.2) The shipyard has been dealt another _crushing_ blow with the failure to win this contract.3) His _ pithy _ advice to young painters was, ‘Above all, keep your colors fresh.’4) It is important to note that _foraging_ for information does not equate to aimless “surfing.”5) The victims’ families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to h ave a(n) _ definitive_ answer.6) His addiction to drugs _propelled_ him towards a life of crime.7) On the triumphant return home, the captain, Brian Robson, was _applauded_ for sticking to his guns.8) The _ubiquity_ of advertising is not being driven by corporations searching for new ways to sell products but by media searching for new ways to make money.9) Here are your travel documents, all _duly_ signed.10) By the same token, reduced military budgets would force the government to _curtail _ its foreign involvement.。
(完整版)研究生英语综合教程-下课后习题答案
Task 11. provinces b.2. woke a.3.haunt b.4.trouble a.5.weathers d.6.wakeb.7.coined c.8. trouble b.9.weather c. 10. province c. 11. coin a. 12. value a.13. haunts a. 14. has promised a. 15. trouble c. 16. coin b. 17. promise d, 18. values c. 19. refrain b. 20. valued e.Task 21. tranquil2. ultimately3. aftermath4. cancel out5.ordeal6.drastic7. legacy8. deprivations9. suicidal 10. anticipated 11. preoccupied 12. adversities 13. aspires 14. nostalgia 15, retrospectTask 31. a mind-blowing experience2.built-in storage space3.self-protection measures4. short-term employment5.distorted and negative self-perception6. life-changing events7. all-encompassing details8.a good self-imageUnit TwoTask1I. A. entertainment B. entertaining2. A.attached B.attachment3.A.historically B. historic4. A. innovative B. Innovations5. A. flawed B. flawless6.A.controversy B. controversial7. A. revise B. revisions8. mentary B. commentator9.A. restrictive B. restrictions10.10. A.heroic B. heroicsTask 21. ethnic2.corporate3.tragic4. athletic5. underlie6. stack7. intrinsic8. revenue9. engrossed 10. awardTask 31) revenues 2)receipts 3) economic 4)rewards 5)athletes6) sponsor 7)spectators 8) maintain 9) availability 10) stadiums 11) anticipated 12) publicityUnit Three1.B 2, D 1 A 4, C 5, A 6.B 7,C 8. A 9.B 10. CTask2LA. discrete B. discreet C. discretion2.A. auditors B. auditorium C. audit D. auditory E. audited1 A. conception B.contrivance C. contrive D. conceive4.A. giggling B. gasped C. gargling D. gossip5.A. affectionate B. passion C. affection D. passionate6.A.reluctant B. relentless C. relevant7.A. reverence B. reverent C. revere8.A. peeping/peep B.peered C. perceive D.poringTask31) gain 2) similarities 3) diverse 4)enrich 5) perspective6)discover 7)challenging 8) specific 9)adventure 10)enlightens11) opportunities 12) memories 13) joyful 14) outweighs 15) span)Unit FourTask 11) uncomfortable 2)reading 3)immerse 4)deep 5) access 6)concentration 7)stopped 8)altered 9)change 10) different 11)decoders12) disengaged 13) variations 14) words 15) tighterTask 21.D2.A3. B4.B5.D6. A7. C8. CTask 1Step 1l)i 2)f 3)a 4)b 5)h 6)j 7)c 8)e 9)d 10)gStep 21)fidgety2)crushing3)pithy4) foraging5) definitive ,6)propelled7) applauded8) ubiquity9) duly10) curtailTask 21. above2.on3. to4.on5.on/about6. to 7 .with 8. at 9. on/about10. in Task 31. may have a subtle effect on2.provide free access toe-books3. isinthe midst ofa sea change4. has been onthe faculty ofHarvard University5.a voracious book reader6. you'll stay focused onit7. the conduit for information8.your check came asanabsolute godsend9. lost the thread ofthe story10. stroll through elegant proseTask 11.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12D.13.D14.A15.BTask21.sheer2.slip3desert4. revenge5.sheered6. level7.deserted8.skirted9.protested10. duplicates11. level12. revenge13.skirt14. protests15. slip16.duplicate Unit SixTask 1I.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C lI.B 12.ATask21. Water isnot an effective shield2.engulfed inflames3.the rights ofsovereign nations4. outpaced its rivals inthe market5. There's no need tobelabor the point6. She invoked several eminent scholars7. from two embattled villages8. According tothe witness's testimony9. Inspite ofour best endeavors10. After many trials and tribulationsTask21) remain2) childish3)reaffirm4)precious5)equal6)measure7)greatness8) journey9)leisure10) fame11) obscure12) prosperityUnit SevenTask1I.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.BTask21. patrons b.2.designated b.3. reference d.4. inclination c5. host d.6. diffusing b.7. host c8.inclination a.9. references c.10. patrons a.11. reference a.12. host a.13. diffuses a..14. designate a.15. designate c.Task31) alive2)awakened3) trip4)stone5)remains6)beyond7)records8)social 9)across10) surrounding11) mental12) miracle13) having14) failure15) participateUnit EightTask 11.B2.D3. A4.B5.A6. D7. D8.A9. A 10. CTask21. A. outburst B.bursting C. outbreak2.A. adverse B.adversity C. advised3.A. distinguishes B.distinct C. distinguished4.A. sight/vision B. view C. outlook D. visions5. A. implicit B.implicit/implied C. underlying6.A.washed B. awash C. washing7.A. jumped/sprang B. springs C.leap D.jumped8. A. trail B. trail/track C. traceD. trackE.trace9.A. sensed B.sensible C. senseD. sensitiveE.sensational10.A. prosperous B.prosperity C. prospects D. prophecyTask31)echoes2) pays heed to3)hidden4) objectively5) decipher6)presence7)conviction 8)shot9)however10) slaughter11) bare12) trim13) are connected to14) strive15) yield Unit NineTask 11.A2.B3.D4.A5.B6.B7.C8.A9.C 10.DTask2I. explain, plain, complained, plain2. tolerate, tolerant, tolerance3. consequence,sequence,consequent4. commerce, commercial, commercial, commercialism, commercially5. arouse, arising, arise, arousal6. irritant, irritation, irritable, irritate7. democratic, dynamic, automated, dramatic8. dominate, dominant, predominant, predominate9. celebrate, celebrity, celebrated, celebration10. temporal, contemporary, temporaryTask3I) encompassing2)standard3)constraints4)presented5)resolution6) constitute7) entertainment8) interchangeably9) distinction10) fuzzy11) technically12) devoted to13) ranging14) competing15) biasesUnit TenTask 11) beware of2)unpalatable3)delineate4) Ingrained5) amplify6) supplanted7) pin down8)discretionary9) stranded10)swept throughTask21. that happy-to-be-alive attitude2.anl-told-you-so air3. the-end-justifies-the-means philosophy4.Aheart-in-the-mouth moment5.a now-or-never chance6. a touch-and-go situation7.a wait-and-see attitude8.too-eager-not-to-lose9.a cards-on-the-table approach10. anine-to-five lifestyle11.a look-who's-talking tone12. around-the-clock service13. a carrot-and-stick approach14. a rags-to-riches man15. a rain-or-shine picnicTask3I) exquisite2)soothe3)equivalent4)literally5)effective6)havoc7)posted8)notify9) clumsy10) autonomously。
研究生英语系列教程_多维教程_探索_课文答案
1. One theory refers to the sensitivity to the target language as being one of the most important factors in language learning.2. In order to help students in their study of English, the library has decided to lease English films in the original to them.3. On weekends, if one shop puts up discount notices, other shops, big or small, will come up with it by putting up more discount notices.4. When ungrammatical expressions of a language become prevalent in socie they will gradually be~ by the public.5. The closing of the company was not caused by a shortage of capital but by management deficiency.6. Advertisements usually highlight the product or service they advertise to attract customers.7. It is argued that we should withhold the speed of language change; otherwise we may have to learn a new language every twenty years.8. I feel gratitude to him because every time I encountered difficulties in my study he would help me.9. It will take great pains to improve/change the financial situation of the factory.10.Those who advocate the purity of a language protect the language for the sake of their culture.2单元1. Different people have different opinions about whether lying is always bad and whether it should be avoided.2. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison with the skyscrapers of New York.3. The point at which people draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie varies from individual to individual and culture to culture.4. Mothers who spoil their children often turn a blind eye,t~-~re faults of their children.5. The country needs a leader who will hold the nation togetherwhen violence breaks out.6. A selfish man categorizes all people into two groups, those he likes and those he dislikes.7. She felt offended at my remarks, but it wasn't my intention to hurt her.8. It is wrong for teachers to stereotype naughty students.9. In some foreign countries, a person who intentionally leaves his job can find it easy to step aside for a while, supported by unemployment insurance and other benefits.10. She has gone through tremendous pain since her husband died.那些常常说谎又没有充足理由的人被称为病态说谎者。
研究生英语系列教程答案
研究生英语系列教程答案研究生英语系列教程答案【篇一：研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案】it 1 a.1. assess2. alliance3. outcome4. ethical5. identity6. ambiguous7. tolerable8. participates9. pursuit10. constructive b.1. at stake2. were obliged3. the climate of4. feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp 6. cut back 7. other than 8. rise above 9. care about 10. is bounded c.1. incompetent2. indulgence3. migrants4. probes5. complex6. suspense; engaged7. compassionate; committed 8. tolerant 9. tempted10. interconnected d.1. a. judging from2. b. in which3. c. and4. d. believe8. d. unemployed 9. c. as well as/ and 10. b. simpler e.1. what2. graduation3. intend4. getting5. eventually6. survey7. although8. graduates9. transfer 10. rise11. attending 12. instead 13. cause 14. because 15. attending 16. below 17. failure18. expectations 19. confidence 20. educationkey to the translation from english to chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
研究生英语综合教程(上册)课后答案课文翻译
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案Unit OnePlanning Your Future CareerReading Focus Traits of the Key PlayersText ExplorationTask 2 1. B 2. A 3. D4. B5. D6. B7. C8. B9. B 10. BVocabulary in ActionTask 1 1. A 2. C 3. B4. C5. D6. D7. D8. C9. A 10. D 11. A 12. BTask 2 1. public <c> 2. discipline <b>3. strength <a>4. reference<a>5. strength <d>6. public <a>7. demonstrated <b> 8. discipline<c>9. reference <c> 10. personality<a>11. disciplining <d> 12. demonstrates <a> 13. public <d> 14. reference <b>15. personality <c>Task 3 1. employment 2. paid3. adjust4. setting5. discouraged6. credit7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork10. rulesTranslation PracticeParagraph One"一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,生意始终在进行。
这意味着一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,竞争也同样在进行。
"豪特说,"公司取胜的方法之一,就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
专业学位硕士研究生英语教程Unit-1词汇及课后答案(word文档良心出品)
Unit 1Excuse NotesWord Bankanthology: n.a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选attest :v.to show sth.or to say or prove that sth.is true 证明choke: v.to stop breathing 窒息, 哽住devilment : n.behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧distribute: v.to give sth.out to several people, or to spread or supply sth.分发, 发送epiphany: n.understanding 理解forge: v.to make an illegal copy of sth.in order to deceive 伪造, 铸造gem: n.sb.or sth.that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品, 非常有用的人genuine: adj.sth.genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的lucid: adj.clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的, 明白的, 清醒的omit: v.to fail to include or do sth.省略, 疏忽plight: n.an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境, 状态seduction: n.the attractive quality of sth.诱惑superintendent: n.people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc.主管, 负责人treason: ck of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌, 叛国罪vulgar: adj.rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的Phrases and Expressionsbe evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐, 赶走be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥turn into: to change into 进入, （使）变成Reading ComprehensionChoose the best for each of the following.1.According to the passage, the teacher ____D____.A.is angry with his students.B.does not like his students forging excuse notes.C.blames the parents.D.teaches a successful writing class.2.Mikey missed school ____D____.A.because his grandmother fell down from the stairsB.because he did not like his teacherC.because his parents wanted him to be homeD.because he did not want to go to school3.When the students forged the excuse notes, they were ____A____.A.very smart and imaginativeB.boredC.indifferentD.excited4.The principal of the school ____B____.A.blamed the teacher for what he had done in class.B.praised the teacher for what he had done in class.C.was disappointed with the teacher.D.fired the teacher.5.Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( D )A.The students enjoyed the teacher’s writing class very much.B.The students were very creative in forging excuse notes.C.The teacher enjoyed teaching writing.D.The students did not enjoy the teacher’s writing class.plete the following summary (summarize) of the text by filling in the blanks with words.The initial letter of each word has been given to you.His methods anything but conventional, Mr.McCourt created a lasting impact on his students through imaginative assignments in his (1)creative writing.He found that some of his students (2) forged excuse notes in the name of their parents.He does not angry with what the students had done; instead, he divided those notes into two (3)piles, one for the (4)genuine ones written by parents, the other for forgeries.The students were so smart that they could create a variety of (5)excuses.So the teacher decided to dig up their (6)talent in writing by asking them to write excuse notes.The students were so (7)absorbed in the writing that they almost forgot to have (8)lunch.At last the principal (9)praised the teacher for this successful teaching method.Both the teache and the students were happy about the writing class.And the teacher realized everyone (10)needed an excuse.Understanding is essential to the teacher and the students.VocabularyI.Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.1.A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.A.falseB.beautifulC.famousD.forged2.To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.A.accuseB.abuseC.deduceD.excuse3.Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.A.reckonedB.beckonedC.softenedD.stiffened4.Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.A.withB.byC.beforeD.for5.She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.A.lucidB.dullC.unclearD.ambiguous6.Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?A.politeB.boringC.vulgarD.pleasant7.The books will be __D___ free to local schools.A.contributedB.tributeC.attributedD.distributed8.The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.A.omitB.permitC.summitD.illuminate9.Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.A.lightB.mightC.plightD.moonlight10.I have to __B___ my reputation.A.detectB.protectC.intactD.preventII.Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below.Change the form where necessary. superintendent choke attest forge gemgenuine lucid omit turn into excuseglance at evicted disguise worthy imagination1.In the US.a school is superintendent in charge of the schools in a particular area.2.Thousands of people came out onto the streets to attest their support for the democratic opposition party.3.The expensive purse is made of genuine leather.4.Can you turn this article into English?5.She took a glance at her watch.6.I know why this happened.You don't have to find any excuse.7.He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behavior.8.This emperor is said to have paid many personal visits to various counties disguise as an ordinary citizen.9.Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause.10.Children often have very vivid imagination.TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.1.Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students.They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.2.My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools.Neither acknowledged me.They walked up and down, peering at papers.The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.3.Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse.Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.参考译文: 1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条, 很多是学生自己写的。
研究生英语综合教程上课后练习答案
Unit OneTask 11.A2.C3.B4.C5.D6.D7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A12.BTask 21.public(c)2.discipline(b)3.strength(a)4.reference(a)5.strength(d)6.public(a)7.demonstrated(b)8.discipline(c)9.references(c) 10.personality(a)11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d)14.reference(b) 15.personality(c)Task 31.employment2.paid3.adjust4.setting5.discouraged6.credit7.cite8.demonstrate9.teamwork10.rulesUnit TwoTask 11.A2.B3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.C9.A 10.CTask 21. bud (n.); budding (adj.)2. access (n.); access (v.)3. taste (n.);tasted (v.)4. fool (n.); fooling (v.)5. produces (v.); produce (n.)6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.)7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.)9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.)Task 31) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring5) steaming6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presentedUnit ThreeTask 11.A2.B3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.ATask 21. stack up against2. struck a chord3. amounted to4. chopping off5. appeal to6. pick up on7. turned out8. fade away9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear ofTask 31) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals5) converge6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbedUnit FourTask 11.A2. A3. C4. B5. B6. C7. D8. C 9. A 10. CTask 21. maintained (a)2. romantic (a)3. essential (a)4. essentials (c)5. dimension (c)6. intimate (a)7. maintains (c)8. defies (b)9. intimated (d) 10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a)12. romantic (b)13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c)Task 31) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect4) important5) whomever 6) candidates 7) highly8) essential9) suitable 10) sufficientUnit FiveTask 11. B2. D3. C4. B5. C6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. A 11.C 12. D 13. BTask 21. A. masterpieces B. mastered C. mastery2. A. committed B. commission C. commitment3. A. executing B. execution C. executive4. A. presentation B. represented C. presentedD. present5. A. inventors B. investors C. innovator6. A. breath B. breathing C. breathtaking D. breathless7. A. physical B. physiological C. psychological8. A. discipline B. routine C. discipline9. A. practice B. performed C. perfect D. proper10. A. reaction B. reconciliation C. resistanceD. responseTask 31) written 2) practiced 3) adapted 4) fundamental 5) soul6) described 7) mental 8) state of being 9) pictured 10) exercises11) control 12) experiences 13) including 14) individuals 15) medicalUnit SixTask 11.B2. D3.A4. C5. B6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. CTask 21. contented2. convention3. tall4. curiously5. Convention6. content7. execute8. curious9. execute 10. count11. content 12. conventions 13. count 14. convention 15. tallTask 31) sheer 2) subject 3) contradictory 4) worldly 5) chaotic6) sophisticated 7) violence 8) glamorous 9) crime 10) safestUnit SevenTask 11.A2. C3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. C9. A 10. CTask 2Step 1partially unfold unselfishness/selfishness imperfect employeeproverbial refinement indestructible criminal mistakealteration liar considerable traitor philanthropistStep 21. indestructible2. mistook3. unselfishness4. imperfect5. alteration6. traitor7. considerable8. liar9. employees 10. unfolds11. refinement 12. philanthropist 13. criminal 14. partially 15. proverbialTask 31. So far as I'm concerned2. should endeavor to measure whether predetermined goals are being achieved3. has been engrossed in conversation with all night4. draw conclusions from the results of a single survey5. He had no friends nor acquaintances6. did she tell him about the attack7. as we had seen8. that he had had a family himself9. the problems you mention are inherent in the system10. young people conscientious in their work/young people who are conscientious in their work11. deviated from her custom12. at the peril of your own life/at your own peril13. taken on a new dimension14. capable of looking after myself15. in much the same way as it was 200 years ago16. rescue the sailors from the sinking ship17. Portugal participated in the war18. due to our ignoranceUnit EightTask 1Step 11. boot---e, m2. bound--c, j3. fatal--b, q4. negotiate--g, n5. net---a, f, 16. the odds--h, i7. reward--k, o 8. vacuum---d, pStep 21. boot (m)2. vacum (p)3. rewarded (o)4. reward (k)5. net (f)6. negotiating (n)7. odds (h)8. odds (i)9. Fatal (b)10. negotiations (g)Task 21. A. black and white B. in black and white C. black-and-white2. A. on the scene B. sets the scene C. behind the scenes3. A. make no difference B. make a differenceC. make any differenceD. make all the difference4. A. work on B. works against C. work out5. A. spread to B. spreading out C. spread throughTask 31.A2.B3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.D 10.CUnit NineTask 11.A2. D3. B4. B5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. ATask 21. crammed (b)2. balloon (a)3. crash (a)4. crammed (a)5. crashed (a)6. crammed (d)7. ballooned (c)8. crash (b)9. balloon (b) 10. slumped (b)11. trust (c) 12. trust (d) 13. liberal (c) 14. slump(c) 15. liberals (b)16. trust (b)Task 31)A 2) D 3) B 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) A 8) A 9) D10) DUnit TenTask 1I.A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. BTask 21. underlying2. immune3. impart4. imperative5. vulnerable6. diffused7. foremost8. scholarly9. illuminated 10. eloquenceTask 31) deeper 2) contribute 3) explore 4) potential5) how6) productive 7) likely 8) produce 9) Nationally 10) dedicated11 / 11。
研究生英语系列教材综合教程上课后答案
U nit1Reading MoreKey to ExercisesTask1１）nonmonetary2)recognizing3)due4)adhere5)considered 6)self-affirmation7)impede8)thirst9)discharging10)rendering 11)serve12)ceremonies13)a part14)commit15)attendVocabulary in ActionTask11.A.observed(v.to see and notice something)B.observed(v.to say or write what you have noticed about a situation)C.observing(v.to do what you are supposed to do according to a law or agreement)bels(n.a piece of paper or other material that is attached to something and givesinformation about it)beled(v.to attach a label onto something or write information on something)beled(v.to use a word or phrase to describe someone or something,but often unfairly orcorrectly)3.A.engage(v.to be doing or to become involved in an activity)B.was engaged(v.to employ someone to do a particular job)C.engaged(v.having agreed to marry)D.engaging(adj.pleasant and attractive)4.A.attributed(v.to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something)B.attributes(n.a quality or feature,especially one that is considered to be good or useful)C.attributed(v.to believe or say that someone was responsible for saying or writing something,i.e.painting a famous picture,etc.)5.A.Driving(v.to make a car,truck,bus,etc.move along in a desired path)B.drive(n.an effort to achieve something,especially an effort by an organization for aparticular purpose)C.drive(n.determination and energy to succeed)6.A.exercise(n.physical activities that you do in order to stay healthy and become stronger)B.exercises(n.a set of questions in a book that test a student's knowledge or skill)C.exercise(v.to use a power,right,or quality that you have)7.A.term(n.a fixed period of time during which someone does something or somethinghappens)B.term(n.one of the periods of time that the school or university year is divided into)C.termed(v.to give a name to or describe something with a particular expression)8.A.discharged(v.to officially allow someone to leave somewhere,especially the hospitalor the army,navy,etc.,or to tell them that they must leave)B.discharge(v.to do or pay what you have a duty to do or pay)C.discharges(n.something coming from with another type of substance)9.A.minor(adj.small and not very important or serious,especially compared with other things)B.minored/minors(v.to study a second main subject as part of university degree)C.minors(n.someone who is below the age at which they become legally responsible for theiractions)10.A.stage(n.a particular time or state that something reaches as it grows or develops)B.stage(n.the raised area in a theatre which actors or singers stand on when they perform)C.stage(v.to organize a public event)11.A.fostering(v.to take someone else's child into your family for a period of time but withoutbecoming their legal parent)B.fosters(v.to help a skill,feeling,idea,etc.develop over a period of time)C.foster(adj.related by or concerned with fostering)12.A.firm(n.a business or company,especially a small one)B.firm(adj.strongly fixed in position,and not likely to move)C.firm(adj.behaving in a way showing that they are not going to change their mind,or thatthey are the person taking control)Task21.due to you as a bonus2.in recognition of his contributions to psychology3.serves a purpose4.attended to in due course5.takes precedence over all the others6.calls for a celebration7.thirsted for a few new books8.with reference to the job opening in your department9.Mary has a great diversity of interestsmitted themselves to boosting profitsPRACTICAL TRANSLATIONParagraph One“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
研究生英语系列教材听说教程(上)总主编：何莲珍 石 坚 答案讲解
Unit 1Are You Hooked To It?(ListeningPartKeys1.stamp collecting2. miniature works of art on every possible subject3. Yard work4. Make gardens beautiful5. Transformer collecting6. A way of life1. What is mainly talked about in this conversation?Internet addiction has become a serious problem.2. Can you describe a picture of a typical Internet addict?He often imagines himself in a virtual world and his daily life is often in disorder.3. How can you know whether you are addicted to the Internet or not?Take a break from using a computer and observe whether you feel restless.1-4 ABBD1-4 BDAA1. Suffer the nightmare2. Genders3. Unaffordable4. Sufferers5. More than 1 in 20 adults6. Expensive electronics7. Such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population8. Make finding a cure a priorityBCDBDDCCAA2368T1457FHobbiesBy W. H. GrieverA hobby may be fancy wild,Or just a whim (突发奇想), as in a child;It is something one likes to do,And does by choice, with pleasure too;May outlet be for latent （潜藏的）skillOr just life’s way a gap to fill;May tribute be to best in art,When love for beauty fills the heart;May be God’s way, with soil and air,To bring to life some beauty rare;Or it may be some form of sport,Beyond the call of duty’s court;May be excuse for chance to playWhen duty’s call bids one obey.When one can be to duty trueAnd not compelled a thing to do.A hobby’s good, as men have found,If one be ill; or one be sound,When duty tends to make a slave,A hobby helps one’s freedom save;No matter much what hobby beIt matters most that one is freeUnit 21. Switzerland, 2weeks, 850, hotels and meals;2. Bermuda, 9 days, 579, June 1st;3. Amazon Jungle, expedition, 1,199, an experiencedguide;Lorraine: c,gJohn: a,e,hPhilip b,d,f,i,j1. Big business, amazing2. Doubtful3. The more tourists can mix with local people, the better off everyone is.BDA1.Rockefeller centre New York2. tonight before the Christmas season3. 9 storeyes4. people from all over the country5. over 30,0006. 10 feet in diametre7. crystal8. a home in ConnecticutInformationRockefeller Centre is a complex of 14 skyscrapers commissioned by John D.Rockefeller Jr. (1874--1960) and built (1931--1940) in Manhattan, New York City.The centre now consists of 21 buildings, housing offices, restaurants, shops, cinemas, broadcasting and the Radio City Music Hall.Dallas is a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas located in the heart of the northern Texas oil fields.Connecticut is a state of the northeast United States. It was admitted as one of the original thirteen colonies in 1788. Conne cticut’s coastline was first explored by Dutch navigators after 1614, and in 1634 colonists from Massachusetts Bay began to settle inthe Connecticut River Valley. Its capital is Hartford, and its largest city is Bridgeport.ADDBABDDDB1. Sleepless2. Loss of appetite3. Irregular heartbeat4. Feelings of despair5. Tiredness6. Stomachache7. Breathing trouble 8 anxiety9. nervousness10 space the vacation out11 blow it all at once12 returning on a Monday13 such blues are temporary14 not making important decisions15 a new period in life16 personal growthEnjoying yourselfAll the Way to McDonald’sWhen I started college, my mother, knowing my eating habits, worried that I would gain a lot weight. Every time I phoned her, I told her that I wouldn’t put on weight because I was jogging regularly with my roommate. On my first visit home, my mother saw that I had gained weight. “How far do you jog?” she asked. I replied, “All the way to McDonald’s”.I Told Everyone That You Were 54My son gave a party one Saturday night. I was hesitant about havinga group of teenagers in our home; but, to my surprise, they wereall nice. The kids told me how young I looked (I was 44). When the party was over, I told my son how much I like his friends. He smiled and asked me if I felt like a teenager again. “Yes,” I replied, “and it felt wonderful.” “I’m glad,” he said. “By the way,I told everyone that you were 54”.Do You Have a Living Will?I hate the idea of going under the knife. So I was very upset whenthe doctor told me I needed an operation. Later, ghe nurse and I were filling out an admission form. I tried to respond to the questions, but I was so nervous I couldn’t speak. The nurse put down the form, took my hands in hers and said, “Don’t worry. This m edical problem can easily be fixed, and it’s not a dangerous procedure.” “You’re right. I’m being silly,” I said, feeling relieved. “Please continue.” “Good. Now,” the nurse went on, “do you have a living will?”。
研究生英语综合教程Unit-答案 1
being intelligent decisiveness and
creative
a sense of humor assertiveness
great
good ability of financial
communication management
skills
good ability in dealing with interpersonal
business, along with the successful building up of the social
network.
精选ppt
6
Starting out—Task 1
Step Three
Based on your work done in the previous two steps, tell each other what you would like to be after graduation, an employer or an employee? Give reasons for your choice.
2. According to NACE, employment situation in 2007 was more
optimistic, with more college graduates finding jobs and
with a higher starting pay than in this year. T
the cooperation of many workers. As an employer, he must be
good at Communicating with different people, which is the
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研究生英语系列教程答案【篇一：研究生英语多维教程熟谙课后题答案】it 1 a.1. assess2. alliance3. outcome4. ethical5. identity6. ambiguous7. tolerable8. participates9. pursuit10. constructive b.1. at stake2. were obliged3. the climate of4. feel well-equipped5.beyond my grasp 6. cut back 7. other than 8. rise above 9. care about 10. is bounded c.1. incompetent2. indulgence3. migrants4. probes5. complex6. suspense; engaged7. compassionate; committed 8. tolerant 9. tempted10. interconnected d.1. a. judging from2. b. in which3. c. and4. d. believe8. d. unemployed 9. c. as well as/ and 10. b. simpler e.1. what2. graduation3. intend4. getting5. eventually6. survey7. although8. graduates9. transfer 10. rise11. attending 12. instead 13. cause 14. because 15. attending 16. below 17. failure18. expectations 19. confidence 20. educationkey to the translation from english to chinese:1.德.汤说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。
没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。
所以，我们首先应该在我们孩子的能力允许的范围内为他们开设最严格最富有挑战性的课程。
2.我们可以向我们的孩子提供第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权力。
德.纽伊写道：“不仅是一种特权，也是一种考验。
”如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？美国可以向所有在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收获的学生发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。
我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里，们必须同对现实保持警觉，有所认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。
这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。
如果我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。
key to the translation from chinese to english:1. todays university students are struggling toestablish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2. a man cannot find himself without finding a centerbeyond hi. so the idealism of the undergraduate experience must help the student transcend himself. 3. we eagerly hope that the lessons leaned in theuniversity will reveal themselves in our performance in the workplace and further education.4. it cannot go unchallenged to say that the 4-yearundergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.5. we run the risk of making critical decisions, not onthe basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.6. our task needs a large group of well-informed,caring young people who can band together, learn from each other, and actively participate in the four modernizations.7. if it is to endure, the new school should help thestudents not only acquire a sold basic education and become competent in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.8. it is not too much to say that if undergraduatesexcessively devote themselves to examinations, the will push competence and commitment to the fringes.9. i didnt even speak to him; much less discuss thereconstruction of your school with him.10. some people think examinations are second to none,but some think examinations have a lot of disadvantages. examinations leave us an open essential question --- what influence do examinations exert on education?reading practice: 1.c 2.a 3.a 4.d. 5.b unit 2a. 1-h2-i 3-a 4-e 5-k 6-n 7-l 8-g 9-d 10-cb. 1. perception2. responsibility3. organizational4. marketing5. strategies6. assets7. transitions 8. dilemma 9. rivalry10. compensation 11. whiz12. invaluablec. 1. justify, justification, justifiable, justifiably, justified2. strategic, strategy, strategics/strategy, strategists, strategized, strategically3. finance, financial, financier, finance, financially4. resentful, resents, resentment, resentfully5. perceive, perception, perceptible, perceptive, perceptibly6. diverse, diversify, diversity, diversification, diversified7. destroyed, destructive, destruction, destructionist, destroyers, destroying, destructible8. markets, marketable, markets, marketing, marketer 9. prosperity, prospering, prosperous, prosperously 10. derived, derive, derivative, derivatives d.1. a. it even harder2. a. that3. c. not taking enough exercise4. c. to have gone back on5.b. functioning 6. d. on7. a. object to seeing 8. b. to go with it 9. a. to expanding10. a. anxiously awaiting e.1. manufacturers2. natural3. treatment4. experienced5. approached6. relatively7. global8. chaired9. sustainable 10. vision 11. extended 12. improving 13. accomplish 14. array15. involvement 16. activity 17. rewarded18. proposals 19. domestic 20. competitorskey to the translation from english to chinese:Ａ.业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强，而且精力充沛。
他们往往擅长于多种技能。
在很多情况之下，他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或经验丰富的金融家。
要接替他们的工作则需要很多的人。
因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。
参予交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。
然后,?对它们进行比较。
各机构之间的不同点将表明管理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。
Ｂ.没有忠心耿耿雇员,很少企业能够发展壮大，即使是家庭企业也是如此。
这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要管理职务。
因此，应当将关于产业继承的长远计划随时通报给他们，而主要的企业管理人员必须清楚知道他们在产业交接管理机构中的职责。