2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区南汇中学高二上英语期中试卷解析

2018-2019学年上海市浦东新区南汇中学高二上英语期中试卷解析
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blank, use one word that best, fits each blank
US author Henry Rollins once wrote: “Loneliness adds beauty to life. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better." Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems to go out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness songs that (18) (inspire) by loneliness and many works of literature that center around this theme.
In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Instead, it's a “giant evil” that's become a serious problem in the country.
On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as the country's very first “Minister for Loneliness”. Her job is (19) (deal) with the loneliness that the country's been feeling—a problem which, according to UK government research, is affecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (20) be more harmful to one's physical and mental health than smoking 15 cigarettes a day.
Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the “ loneliness capital of Europe" by The Telegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (21) (likely) to get to know their neighbors or build strong relationships with people than those from other European countries.
But this doesn't mean it is the problem (22) (affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever. in spite of most of the world now being linked to the Internet, (23) has enabled us to be more connected than ever,
(24) we need, according to Kim Leaer, sister of the late UK politician Jo Cox, is to have "proper human connections.”
Our lives nowadays are so busy. We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones and on our laptops. (25) busy we are, we need to press pause on that and actually sit down and speak to human beings." Leaer said at an event last year
But the first steps toward (26) (fight) this problem are to accept its existence and not be ashamed or frightened by it. After all, (27) loneliness, many beautiful paintings, songs, and literary works wouldn’t leave exist. Whether it is “evil” or not, being lonely is simply part of the experience of being human.
【答案】18.are inspired19.to deal20.can/may21.less likely22.affecting
23.which 24.what 25.no matter how 26.fighting 27.without
【解析】
18.考察谓语动词，作定语从句中谓语成分。

inspire与主语即是先行词paintings之间是被动关系，且时态为一般现在时，故填：are inspired。

19.考察非谓语，由固定搭配one’s job is to do sth，故此填:to deal。

20.考察主谓之间的情态动词。

根据句意为“孤独这个问题，根据英国政府的研究来说，正在影响着这个国家的九百万人们，而且孤独也有可能要比一天抽15根烟对于人身体和精神上带来更多的危害…”，此处填may/might。

21.考察形容词比较级，根据下文，英国被称为“欧洲的孤独首都”根据句意，“由报纸进行的调查发现英国人没有比其他的欧洲国家的人更有可能了解邻居建立密切的关系”，表示不那么有可能，故此填less likely。

22.考察非谓语动词。

作非谓语成分，且affect与逻辑主语problem之间主动关系，故此填：affecting。

23.考察非限制定语从句的关系词，先行词指代的是前面的句子，因特网现在将世界联系起来，非限制性定语从句缺主语且表示前面这件事，故此填：which。

24.考察主语从句引导词。

主语从句中缺宾语成分，且表示物，此处填what。

25.考察让步状语从句引导词。

根据句意为“不管我们有多忙，我们需要按下暂停键…”，此处填no matter how。

26.考察非谓语动词。

toward是介词，介词后+doing sth,故此填fighting。

27.考察介词。

根据句意“如果没有孤独，很多优美的画，歌曲，和文学作品将不会存在”；故此填without。

Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note, that there is one word more than you need.
A. admitted
B. participated
C. promised
D. enroll
E. refer
F. fee
G. resulted I. making I. compete J. disqualifying
K. cheating
Organizers of the 2017 Beijing International Marathon have confirmed several (28) scandals during the event and (29) an investigation into China' s top-ranking marathon.
Pictures posted online show at least five different runners (30) in the Sept 17th race, wearing the same ID number. D0198.
“Now we are looking through the videos and photos to find evidence and try to connect with the real owner of the ID number,” said Wang Jian, general manager of China Olympic Road Running Co, a marathon organizer.to
prevent the bad behavior, the organizer has adopted fluorescent (荧光的) ant-counterfeiting(防伪的) technology and ordered video surveillance (监督) for the entire route.
Wans said judges confirmed some runners were wearing fake ID numbers during the race om Sunday, (31) them with the help of fluorescent technology.
As marathon running is becoming increasingly popular in China, it is becoming necessary to limit the number of people who can (32) .
In all, 98,687 runners applied for the 00l in the race this year This (33) in the creation of an online lottery to decide who would be (34) to the race
It’s reported that people who (35) early on a marathon have been found sell their slots for as much as 2,000 yuan ($303.5) online. The normal (36) is around 100 yuan.
This is not the first scandal connected to marathons in Chinese cities. A number of cases have emerged in recently years, including racing under fake names and (37) up different numbers to enter a race without paying.
【答案】28-32KCBJI 33-37GADFH
【解析】
28.考察动词。

cheating 作弊。

根据句意：2017年国际马拉松组织者已经证实在比赛期间有几起作弊丑闻，而且承诺会调查中国最高等级的马拉松比赛。

29.考察动词。

promised承诺。

根据句意：2017年国际马拉松组织者已经证实在比赛期间有几起作弊丑闻，而且承诺会调查中国最高等级的马拉松比赛。

30.考察动词。

participated参加。

根据句意：网上的照片显示出至少五个不同的运动员穿着相同的号码牌参加9月17号的比赛。

31.考察动词。

qualifying 取消资格。

根据句意：王说评委们证实了一些运动员在星期天的比赛期间穿了伪造的号码，因此取消了他们的资格因为使用了荧光技术的帮助。

32.考察动词。

compete 比赛，竞赛......。

根据句意：因为马拉松比赛在中国不断的受欢迎，限制参赛人的数量变得有必要了。

33.考察动词。

resulted in导致。

根据句意：这就导致了一个网上的乐透的产生去决定谁将被批准入赛。

34.考察动词。

admitted承认，准许进入。

根据句意：这就导致了一个网上的乐透的产生去决定谁将被批准入赛。

35.考察动词。

enroll报名。

根据句意：据报道，那些早报名参加马拉松的人已经被发现在网上以多达2000元的价格卖他们的位置。

36.考察名词。

fee费用根据句意：正常的报名费大约100元。

37.考察动词。

making up编造。

在最近几年里，很多事件已经出现了，包括用假的名字比赛，为了不交费用，
编造不同的比赛号码进入比赛。

III. Reading Comprehension (45%)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Stay out of the Sun to Look Young
Forget drinking countless gasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun's rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.
However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion, from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to (38) the hands of time Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn't possible, made a (39) the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting finding comes from study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-loves When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US --- commissioned by skincare firm Olay guessed how old the women were, they found those who (40) in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and age spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.
Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (BK7) said the (41) advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth(谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.
Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a (42) conclu sion. Experts there said: “Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water rally has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.” It isn't clear why the women who slept well didn't have younger looking skin, But it may be that the question they were asked was too (43) and didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns.
A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than
(44) intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women's skin helped understand the
(45) done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the sun and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity (46) that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.
Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the research to develop is latest face creams, said: “ This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a (47) basis’.
38.A. add to B. benefit C. depend on D. hold back
39.A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment
40.A. cheer up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care
41.A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting
42.A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory
43.A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious
44.A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial
45.A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle
46.A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance
47.A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strict
【答案】38-42DCDBB43-47 CABCC
【解析】
38.D遏制。

然而，其他的为了年轻的肤色而被坚信的规则，从大量的喝水到休息好和规律的运动，都没能够遏制时间的手。

39.C。

只有免受阳光照射，还有没有必要的时候都要带着太阳镜，才能有些效果。

40.D 注意，小心。

他们发现那些在阳光下比较小心的人有老得更慢一些的趋势。

41.B 受欢迎的，流行的。

根据句意，之前比较流行的说法：多喝水能够保持健康，其实是一个谬见。

42.B 相似的。

之前由英国营养基金会的研究得出一个相似的结论。

43.C 狭隘的但是可能是因为他们被问的问题太狭隘了，而且没有把他们长期的睡眠模式考虑进去。

44.A 偶尔的。

也是由Olay做的另外一个研究表示低水平的日复一日的暴露在太阳下的人要比偶尔，强烈的暴露在阳光下的人更老。

45.B 损害。

最后，一个女人皮肤的小样本的基因测试，帮助理解了阳光给皮肤造成的伤害。

46.C 迹象。

Dr Kimball说CDKN2A活动是一个细胞“既疲力尽”的迹象。

47.C 日常的。

这个研究给了我们一个关于太阳暴露对于皮肤衰老的影响的细节图片，而且也说明了日常的基础护理的重要性。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Making list is relaxing. It makes you feel important --all those things to do. It calms you down (it’s OK, it's on a list somewhere) and it makes you feel good when you cross something off.
The world divides into two types of list-makers. Type A makes orderly lists, priorities and calmly sets to work on them. Type B waits until panic sets in, grabs the nearest envelope and writes all over it, sighs with relief and promptly loses it.
The more you have to do, the more you need a list, and few people with high-powered jobs get by without them.
Julie Rost, chief executive of a large chain of supermarkets, says, “ Before I go to bed, I have to write down everything that's going to stop me sleeping. If I write something down, I feel I won't forget it, so my lists are a great comfort."
Jane Levy used to write lists, but she would forget where she put them and then waste precious time looking for them. Then a couple of years ago she came up with a new system. Now she writes key words on the back of her hand! “At least I can't lose it”, she says. True, but too many trips to the bathroom could have disastrous results.
Des O'Brien, a self-employed business consultant, uses another method for organizing his time. He writes a list of things to do and then organizes them into categories: things that have to be done straight away; other things that it would be good to do today; things that are important but don't have to be done immediately; and things that he can put off but that he doesn't want to forget. “Using categories to order the world is the way the human mind works,” he says.
So what are you waiting for? There's no better time than the present to take control of your work and life. So, get out your pencil and paper and make a list.
48. Type A list-makers and Type B ones are different in .
A. how the lists they make help them calm down
B. whether they can handle the panic they are faced with
C. how they deal with the lists they make after using them
D. whether they list what they are going to do in an organized way
49. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE concerning making lists?
A. Crossing things off brings greater comfort than making lists.
B. Most people who hold important positions at work make lists.
C. Forgetful people shouldn't keep lists to save time spent looking for them.
D. More research needs to be done about how human mind works to make lists.
50. Des O'Brien categorizes the things he needs to do according to the degree of .
A. urgency but not importance
B. importance but not urgency
C. both urgency and importance
D. neither urgency nor importance
51. The passage is mainly intended to .
A. persuade people to make lists
B. classify the ways of making lists
C. introduce the people good at making lists
D. give tips on how to make lists effectively
【答案】48-51DBCA
【解析】
48.根据文章第二段第二句“Type A makes orderly lists,priorities......Type B waits until panic sets in......loses it.”可归纳总结出，故选D。

49.根据文章第三段“The more you have to do.......with high-powered jobs get by without them.”故选B。

50.根据文章第六段第二句“He writes a list of things to do and then organizes them into categories.......he can put off but that he doesn’t want to forget.”主要讲解他分类是依据事情的紧急性和重要性来划分的，故选C。

51.根据文章第七段“So what are you waiting for?,,,,,,So,get your pencil and paper and make a list.”，故选A。

Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. On a professional level, there is no way one doctor can be an expert in everything.
B. It was not until he turned to the Internet that he managed to identify his condition.
C. This condition was the very one that made him unable to speak.
D. Appearance provides only ten percent of the information needed to make a diagnosis.
E. Do not underestimate the value of talking to people ----doctors and telephone helplines will help you put what you read into context.
F. To sum up, if you doctor refuses to talk to you, the Internet will help you find a better solution.
Google is my doctor
When illustrator Scott Adams lost his voice, his doctors were confused. (52) It turned out that Scott was suffering from spasmodic dysphonia With the help of Google alerts and advice from his doctors. Scott got into touch with an expert in the US and had special surgery on his throat to cure his problem He is now a firm believer of using the Internet for self-diagnosis
Adams is one of an increasing number of people who have started using the Internet to get health advice. The advantages of this are numerous, starting of course with the obvious convenience of getting a diagnosis from the comfort of your own home. (53) The Internet provides a vast number of specialized experts, and Googling can help you tap in to that.
Diagnosing minor medical problems from information on the Internet can also have an impact on society's medical costs. You can compare insect bites with Internet pictures, ask what type they are and whether they are dangerous without wasting your busy doctor's precious time.
However, it must be said that diagnosis is tricky., and comparing your rash (疹子) with an online photograph may lead you down the wrong path. (54) Doctors also take into account your medical history, state of mind, etc. No computerized symptoms checklist can equal a complete professional assessment.
In conclusion, the Internet is a good starting point in diagnosing your health problems, but you should always consult your doctor before acting on anything you find there. (55)
【答案】52-55BADE
【解析】
52.由上一句“When illustrator Scott Adams.....were confused..”图解者Scott Adams.失去他的声音，他的医生感觉非常疑惑，紧接着下文说道，证明是患有痉挛性发声障碍这种疾病。

所以中间讲到是如何知道这是什么病的：直到他求助于电脑他才成功地鉴定。

所以选B。

53.由下一句“The Internet provides a vast number of convenience of getting a....”.因特网提供了大量的专业专家，还有谷歌可以帮助你点击，跟A选项中说到，从专业的角度来说，一个医生不可能在每一个方面都是专家，两句进行对比，突出因特网的优势，故选A。

54.D选项：照片只能提供10%所需诊断的信息，跟后文所说，医生也会把你的病历，精神状况等考虑进去。

都说的是网上诊断的一些不足之处。

选D。

55.所选应该是主旨句，概括总结了本段的主旨，主要是因特网对于病情诊断的一些特点，所以选E 。

IV. Summary Writing (10%)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are You a Textaholic?
Do you spend over an hour each day texting your friends? Do you frequently neglect work, study and leisure activities to check your phone for text messages? Do you get moody and emotional if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk anymore, and do your thumbs sore from texting too much?
If you answered “Yes” to any of the above questions, then the chances are that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving text messages The main symptoms are , strong will to text that takes precedence (优先) over everything else and withdrawal symptoms if messages fail to come in, leading to anger, depression and a lack of self-respect Other problems include sleeplessness, eye strain (疲劳) and repetitive strain injury due to constant messaging, not to mention expensive phone bill The root of the problem. s with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problem. Experts warn that text addition is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young.
So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive. and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending quality time while friends and family and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting you relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication.
【答案】Textaholics are those obsessed with text messages (要点1),without which they may suffer physical and mental problems, showing various symptoms (要点2). The primary cause of being textaholic is their desire to get away from emotional trouble (要点3). To solve the problem, one can live a balanced life by leaving cell phones behind(要点4) and having more face-to- face communication with others（要点5).(56 words)
【解析】容易出现的问题是①未能抓住文章的主旨大意；②缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。

V. Translation (15%)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
57.你怎么能指望和个言面无信的人合作? (word)
58. 我们认为完成这项任务所投入的时间与辛劳是值得的。

(involve)
59. 为了使学生更好地掌握工程学知识这位教授利用图表来说明该系统在实践中是如何运作的。

(illustrate)【答案】
57.How can you expect to cooperate with a man/person who breaks his word/who doesn’t keep his word?
58.We believe/think the time and effort/hard work (which are/were) involved in completing such an assignment/a task are worthwhile.
59.To make students have a better command of knowledge in engineering,the professor illustrated how the system operates/works in practice with a chart/diagram.
【解析】
57.指望：expect to do sth。

言而无信：break one’s word/not keep one’s word
58.投入：sth involved in doing sth
59.更好地掌握：have a better command of knowledge in sth/doing sth···。

说明：illustrate sth...。

VI. Guided Writing (25%)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学学生王磊，你校英语广播台正因为听众不多而请全校同学提出改进意见，以吸引更多的听众，井请有想法的同学将意见和建议发送至广播台公共邮箱你决定写一封电子配件表达你的想法。

内容需包括:
1.你认为目前广播台存在的问题:
2.针对这些问题你提出怎样的改进意见。

【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m Wang Lei, writing to offer my humble opinions on the improvement of the school English radio. As a loyal fan, listening to the school English radio has become a daily routine for me. Unfortunately, it appears that the school English radio is becoming less and less appealing to students, including me. From my point of view,the declining popularity of the school radio is owing to the following reasons.
First, the school radio starts at 1pm, which is inconsiderate or unreasonable. At this time. most students feel sleepy, desiring to take a nap before the afternoon classes begin. Second, the radio programs lack innovation and variety, making students feel bored. Third, the recap section, designed to help students recap the content of the previous day, is a big waste of time.
Based on these drawbacks. I'd like to propose my solutions to them. I suggest the school radio start at 12 o'clock at noon when students are having lunch at the dining hall. In this way, it will not only help students to get relaxed, but also provide topics for students' conversation over lunch. Latest popular English songs and live interviews by celebrities should be broadcast more often. The recap section should be removed once for all from the program list.
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestions into consideration and hope our school radio will become popular again on campus.
Yours sincerely.
Wang Lei
11。