than的几种用法
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在英语学习中,than 是出现频率较高的一个词,用法也较为复杂,因此掌握than 的用法不仅要从词法的角度去考虑,而且要注意其构成的句型和短语,本文就其所在的句型及短语进行语义分析,以期在英语学习中对大家有所帮助。
一、用于表示比较的句型中
(一)单纯表示比较级的句型:A +谓语+形容词或副词的比较级+than +B 。例如:Mary sings better than anyone else in the class.玛丽比班上任何人唱得都好。
(二)表示比较倍数的句型:A +谓语+数词+times +形容词/副词的比较级+than +B 。
例如:This classroom is twice bigger than that one.这间教室是那间教室的两倍大。
(三)用比较级结构表示最高级的含义的句型:
1.主语+谓语+比较级+than +the others/anyone else/any (other )+单数名词/any of the others/any of the other +复数名词。例如:
(1)China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国比亚洲其他任何一个国家都大。
(2)He is older than any of the other boys in his class.他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。
2.“No one +谓语+比较级+than +sb.”或“No other +单数名词+谓语+比较级+than +sb./sth.”。例如:
(1)No one can be more fit for his office than he is.没有人比他更适合担任这个职务了。
(2)No other river is longer than the Changjiang?River in Chi -na.在中国,没有一条河流比长江更长。
二、在表意愿的句型中
构成would do sth.rather than do sth.;would rather do sth.than do sth.或prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.结构,意为“宁愿做……而不愿……”。例如:
(1)They would rather starve than give way.他们宁愿饿死也不妥协。
(2)The children would walk there rather than take a bus.孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
(3)He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.他宁愿呆在家里,而不愿跟我们一起去。
三、与than 构成的短语
(一)No sooner ...than 意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句(从这里可以知道,no sooner 后面是主句;than 后面是从句),且当此结构置于句首时,表示强调,主句要倒装。例如:
(1)I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我一到家天就下起雨来。
(2)No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.我一到家天就下起雨来。
注意:No sooner ...than 一般用来描述做过的事情,它不能用于表示将来的事。
(二)more than 和less than 。
1.more than 可放在数词之前,意为“超过;不止;以上”,用于此意义时可与over 互换使用。例如:
Altogether more than 70percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.整体说来,我们这个星球表面有70%以上
都为水所覆盖。
2.more than 可放在名词之前,表示“不只是;不仅仅”。例如:
(1)Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。
(2)Bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不只是用于建筑。
3.more than 用于形容词或副词前,作“非常;十分”解,与very 和much 同义。例如:
(1)She is more than careful in doing things.她做事非常细心。(2)In class ,he listens more than attentively.在课堂上,他听讲十分认真。
4.more than 之后接含有can 的从句时,常表示否定意义。此时,从句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词,并且与句子的主语呈现逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
This secret is more than we can let out.这个秘密我们是不能泄露的。(主语secret 是let out 的逻辑宾语)
比较:less than 后面接形容词、副词时,意为“不;很少;不到”,具有否定意义。例如:
(1)We were busy and less than delighted to have company
that day.
那天我们很忙,不高兴有客人来。
(2)The young man is less than twenty years old.这个年轻人不到20岁。
(三)more...than 和less...than 。
1.more...than 意为“与其……不如……”;“是……而不是……”,常可与“rather than ”或“not so much...as ”互换使用。例如:
(1)The elephant ’s nose is more like a spear than anything else.=The elephant ’s nose is like a spear rather than anything else.=The elephant ’s nose is not so much like anything else as
like a spear.
与其说大象的鼻子像别的什么东西,不如说它像一根长矛。(2)He is more poltroon than cautious.与其说他谨慎,不如说他是怯懦。
2.more ...than 之后接含有can 的从句时,同样表示否定意义。例如:
Tom has more insolence than I can stand.=Tom ’s insolence
is more than I can stand.
汤姆的傲慢使我难以忍受。
比较:①less ...than 意为“不像……;不是……”。例如:Joseph is less honest than his brother.约瑟夫不像他兄弟那样诚实。
②比……少,不如……多。如:We drink less coffee than tea.我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。
③与其……不如……。如:I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend.与其说我把他当作老师,不如说我是把他当作朋友。注:表示此义时,可与more ...than 结构替换(但要注意词序的变化)。如:He is less a teacher than an expert./He is more an expert than a teacher.与其说他是老师,不如说他是专家。
(四)no more than 和no less than 。
no more than 用在名词或数词前,意思为“只有;仅仅;不过(=only ;just )”,例如:
His school education added up to no more than one year.
他所受的学校教育总共不过一年的时间。
比较:no less than 意为“不少于;不下于……之多;多达……”。例如:
In that battle ,we wiped out no less than twenty thousand ene -
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侯丽香
艾桂琴
than 的几
种
用法
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