相近词辨析
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behind用法与搭配
1. be behind with [in] 拖欠,拖延,不能如期完成。如:
He is never behind with [in] his work. 他工作从不拖拉。
He was behind in [with] his rent. 他拖欠了房租。
He helped a classmate who was behind with his homework. 他帮助一位没有按时完成作业的同班同学。
2. be behind in doing sth 做某事不落在后面。如:
The boy is behind in handing in homework. 这孩子没能按时交家庭作业。
He was never behind in offering suggestions. 他提建议从来不落在别人后面。
3. from behind 从后面。如:
He held her from behind. 他从后面抱住她。
They attacked us from behind. 他们从后面攻击我们。
注:有时 behind 是介词,其后可接宾语。如:
He came out from behind the door. 他从门后出来。
4. fall [drop] behind 落在后面。如
I’ve fallen behind in work. 我工作落后了。
Some students dropped behind in their studies. 有的学生在学习上落在后面。
5. leave sth behind (某人)走后留下(掉下)某物。如:
What have we left behind? 我们走后留下什么了?
He left his umbrella behind. 他离开时没有把雨伞带走。
6. stay [remain] behind 留下,在别人后面留下。如:
He alone remained behind. 只有他一个人留下没走。
I had to stay behind after school. 放学后我还得留在学校。
and与or
1. 是否定句之后通常用 or代替 and。如:
He spoke loudly and clearly. 他说话声间宏这且清晰。
He didn’t speak loudly or clearly. 他说话声音不大且不清晰。
2. 祈使句+and =if,而祈使句+or = unless. 如:
Work hard, and you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you’ll succeed.) 努力工作,你就会成功。
Work hard, or you won’t succeed. (=Unless you work hard, you won’t succeed. )努力工作,否则你就不会成功
3. 有时 and与 or可换,如:life and (或or) death (在死);有时and no与or互换。如:
He has no brothers and no sisters = He has no brothers or sisters. 他没有兄弟姐妹。
4. 在选择疑问句中,用or 不用and。如:
Is it a pen or a pencil?那是钢笑还是铅笔?
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太阳和地球哪个大?
5. 在both 之后用and,在either之后用or。如:
Both you and he are right. 你和他都是对的。
Either you or he is right. 不是你对就是他对。
ago 与 before 的用法区别
两者均可表示在多久时间“以前”( 放在表示一段时间的词语之后),但有区别:ago从现在向前回溯,即现在的过去,因此通常与一般过去时连用;而 before 则从过去向前回溯,即指过去的过去,因此通常与过去完成时连用(尤其用于宾语从句中)。如:
I bought the computer two years ago. 我是两年前买这台电脑的。
He said they had left five days before. 他说他们 5 天前就离开了。
before 有时单独使用(即不连用具体时间),泛指一般意义的“以前”,此时可用于一般过去时,也可用于现在完成时:
He didn’t know that before. 他以前不知道此事。
I have been there before. 我以前去过那儿。
across的用法与易错说明
1. 用作介词或副词,注意以下用法:
(1) 表示动态意义,意为“横过”、“到……的另一边”。如:
I cam swim across the river in 10 minutes. 我可以在十分钟之内游过河去。(介词用法)
Can you swim across? 你能游过去吗? (副词用法)
(2) 表示静态意义,意为“在……的另一边”。如:
My house is just across the street. 我家就在街道对面。(介词用法)
We leave Dover at ten and we should be across in France by midnight. 我们十点钟离开多佛,午夜时应能抵达法国那边。(副词用法)
有可与介词 from 连用,表示“从……的另一边”。如:
He shouted to me from across the room. 他从房间的另一边向我喊。
(3) 表示“交叉”(介词用法) 或“从一边到另一边的宽度”(副词用法)。如:
He sat there with his arms across his chest. 他坐在那儿,两臂交叉放在胸前。(介词用法)
The river is half a mile across. 这条河半英里宽。(副词用法)
2. 不要将 across 误用作动词。如
不能说:The river is too deep and we can’t across.