2020年高考·哈尔滨市第六中学2020届高三二模理科综合试题(含答案和解析)
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2023届高三第二次模拟考试数学试题
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2023届高三第二次模拟考试数学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________【点睛】关键点点睛:利用角平分线.CD【分析】利用向量化即可判断A;利定理结合两角和的正弦定理即可判断调性即可比较sin,cosA B,进而可判断连接11AC AC DÇ=,连接为四边形11ACC A 是平行四边形,所以DE ,又1ËA B 平面1AEC ,如图,建立空间直角坐标系()()(110,2,0,2,0,2,0,C B C )()12,2,1,1,0,AE EC -=uuu r uuuu r假设以E为球心的球面与平面的圆弧长,则2==EF EG又因为28==,所以AC AB【详解】(1)如图,取PD的中点N,并连接,AN QN,根据条件,易知四边形QADN为正方形,且//AN QP,所以DQ AN^,^,所以DQ QP因为PD^平面ABCD,PDÌ平面QADP,所以平面QADP^平面ABCD,又平面QADPÇ平面ABCD AD=,因为四边形ABCD为矩形,所以CD AD^,又CDÌ平面ABCD,所以CD^平面QADP,因为PQÌ平面QADP,所以CD PQ^,又DQ CD DDQ CDÌ平面DCQ,I,,=所以PQ^平面DCQ,又PQÌ平面PCQ,所以平面PQC^平面DCQ.(2)建立如图所示的空间直角坐标D xyzDP=,-,设2则(1,0,2),(1,1,0),(0,0,2),(0,2,0)B QC P,uuu r uuu r uuu r,所以(0,1,2),(1,2,2),(1,0,0)BQ BP BC=-=--=-。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2020届高三英语上学期第二次调研考试(10月)试题
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2020届高三英语上学期第二次调研考试(10月)试题第一卷第一部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节:(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30 分)ATerrific New Technologies•A fashionable smart speakerThe new Amazon Echo smart speaker has the same popular feature as the original--an always listening voice assistant ready to play music and news, set timers, and use third-party apps. Only now it's actually stylish.The $120 speaker comes in different finishes, including fabric and wood.•A helping hand for parents10 Suzy Snooze helps babies and kids sleep so parents can catch up on their own sleep. It's a sound machine and a nightlight. It connects with an app over wi-fi and turns into an audio monitor. If a kid cries at midnight, it'll detect the sound and try to calm him back to sleep. It can also let early risers know when it's OK to get out of bed. Made by Bleep Bleeps, the $249"smart nightlight"has an adorable little face. •Safety for ding dongsDoorbells used to just ring, ding, and dong. But thanks to modern technology, doorbells can now double as Internet-connected- surveillance(监视) devices.Rings $249 Video Doorbell Pro can record HD video of your front steps, even at night. It includes motion sensors and two-way audio, so you can yell "get off my lawn" from anywhere. You can also use the app to see what's going on in front of your house while you're at work or in the backyard.•The must-have kitchen gadgetThe Instant Pot makes food fast in one pot. The surprise kitchen hit is a combination of pressure cooker, rice cooker, slow cooker and even yogurt maker. It has sensors and settings to make cooking as safe as possible. Starting at $80, an Instant Potcan make dishes in less time than it typically takes to cook them.1. What can Suzy Snooze do for parents?A. Provide sunlight.B. Play with babies.C. Comfort crying babies.D. Remind parents to wake up kids.2. What is the advantage of the Video Doorbell Pro compared with traditional doorbells?A. It can play HD videos.B. It can make a sound of ding-dong.C. It can communicate with the users.D. It can take on the work of a monitor.3. Who are most probably interested in the Instant Pot?A. Those who love fast food.B. Those who enjoy cooking.C. Those who are busy working.D. Those who like going camping.BThis year marks the 170th anniversary of Paul Gauguin's birth. He lived for just 54 years but he packed his brief life with activity.The French painter spent his early childhood in Peru before returning to France. As an adult, he continued to travel a lot. Most famously, he spent much of the last decade of his life in Tahiti, an island in southern Pacific Ocean. Indeed, Gauguin is best known for his colorful paintings of Tahitians and their culture.The restlessness of this great painter has been normal among modern artists since the middle of the 19th century. They're never satisfied for long with a certain style or way of life. Once something becomes conventional, it's turned down.The artistic culture that Gauguin developed from was that of Impressionism (印象派). Painters like Claude Monet had wanted to paint how they saw the world, not how their teachers taught them it should be seen. Gauguin, and similar artists like his friend Vincent van Gogh, moved even further away from "respectable" art than theImpressionists. For them, it was not simply a matter of seeing the world differently,but feeling and thinking about it differently, too.Gauguin saw, felt and thought differently from most members of Europeansociety. He thought that European culture was too fancy and not spontaneous. Thisis why he turned to the traditions of other parts of the world, like Africa, and, eventually, Tahiti. Artists like Gauguin used the word "primitive" for these cultures,but not as a negative term. For him, Europe, in becoming modern , industrial andscientific, seemed less natural than other parts of the world.In truth, Gauguin's paintings may be unconventional but they are certainlynot "primitive". They are the work of a painter with great awareness of what he wasdoing. It was this awareness that made him such an important painter for those thatcame after, in the 20th century. When we look closely at the works of Gauguin we beginto understand Pablo Picasso, and especially Henri Matisse, a little better.4. What can we infer about Gauguin's life ?A. He had an unhappy childhood.B. He lived most of hislife in Peru.C. He enjoyed painting inTahiti. D. He preferred atraditional life style.5. What's the main purpose of Paragraph 4?A. To explain why Gauguin's works were popular.B. To point out where Gauguin's inspiration came from.C. To show Gauguin's different understanding of painting.D. To compare Gauguin's painting style with Vincent van Gogh's.6. Which of the following best explains "spontaneous" underlined in Paragraph 5?A. NaturalB. ModernC. IndustrialD. Scientific7. The author mentions Picasso and Matisse in the last paragraph to show ________.A. their styles are different from Gauguin'sB. great artists sharemany similaritiesC. they are as important asGauguin D. Gauguin's influence on their worksCAlthough toys' packaging says it's' educational , it doesn't make it so. That'sthe finding from a new study in JAMA Pediatrics that found some toys being marketedas language promoters got in the way of learning.Research shows that for kids to understand, speak and eventually read or writea language, they need to hear it -- lots of it. And it's' never too early for parentsand to caregivers to get talking. That explains the booming industry in talkingelectronic toys that claim to help kids learn language.Professor Anna Sosa, of Northern Arizona University, led the study and says shegave families three different kinds of toys to play with: books, traditional toyslike humble blocks and a shape sorter, and electronic toys. Sosa says she picked thosetoys because they are advertised in their packaging as language-promoters for babiesbetween the ages of 10 and 16 months."We had a talking on farm-animal names and things," Sosa says of the electronictoys. "We had a baby cell phone. And we had a baby laptop. So you open the cover andstart pushing buttons, and it tells you things. The parent-child couples were askedto play separately with each type of toy over the course of three days.""When there's something else that's doing some talking, the parents seem to besitting on the sidelines and letting the toy talk for them and respond for them, "Sosasays. "That's bad because the best way a toy can promote language in infants andtoddlers is by stimulating interaction between parent and child. There's simply noevidence that a young child can learn language directly from a toy. It isn't responsiveenough. It isn't social."As for the other toys, traditional blocks and puzzles stimulated more conversationthan the electronic toys, and books outscored them all. But don't underestimate thehumble block. While traditional toys fell short of books in interaction quantity, Sosa notes, they kept pace in terms of quality.8. What is the finding of the research led by Professor Anna Sosa?A. Toy industry is facing new challenge in marketing.B. Kids should be taught to learn with toys as early as possible.C. People might be misled by the statements of some toy makers.D. Parents need to be cautious when choosing toys for their kids.9. According to the passage, why are talking electronic toys so popular?A. Because they represent the latest creations.B. Because they arouse the interest learning.C. Because they are used as an educational tool.D. Because they are easy for the kids to control.10. We can infer from the passage that it is necessary for the parents ______________.A. to share their experiences of reading with their kidsB. to spare more time to stay with their kids at homeC. to encourage their kids to attend social activitiesD. to get involved in the conversations on with their kids11. What is the author's attitude to electronic toys as language promoters?A. Critical.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Objective.DYou can relax if remembering everything isn't your strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength--in fact selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering everything. But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers found that the neurobiology of forgetting 10 02001U0 can be just as important to our decision-making as what our minds choose to remember.Making intelligent decisions doesn't mean you need to have all the information at hand. It just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most up-to-date informationon clients and situations. Our brains do this by creating new neurons(神经元) in our hippocampus, which have the power to overwrite(重写) existing memories that are influencing our decision-making.If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brains' learning region, try exercising. Some aerobic exercise like jogging, power walking and swimming has been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.When we forget the names of certain clients or details about old jobs, the brain is making a choice that these details don't matter. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern, the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decision-making by stopping us from focusing too much on unimportant past details. Instead, the brain helps us remember the most important part of a conversation.We can get blamed for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that total recall can be overvalued. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.12. How can we help our brains produce more neurons?A. By having deep sleep frequently.B. By practicing swimming regularly.C. By doing mental labor repeatedly.D. By learning new skills constantly.13. Which of the following can best replace "facilitate" underlined in Paragraph 5?A. Postpone.B. Repeat.C. Promote.D. Abuse.14. What conclusion can be drawn from the text?A. Memory loss is well worth noticing.B. Decisions can't be made without memories.C. We shouldn't stress total recall too much.D. Forgetting is even more important than remembering.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Caution: do remember to forget.B. Why and how people choose to forget.C. Want to become smarter? Learn to forgetD. Being forgetful might mean you are smarter第二节:(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10 分)The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago.16 But the British Isles only became islands separated from the rest of Europe about8, 500 years ago, when melting ice formed the English Channel!3,000 years after Britain became an island, new tribes who came by boat fromthe mainland introduced farming. 17 Many of these man-made hills can still be seen.Later on, people learned to build stone monuments. The most amazing is Stonehenge,a circle of huge stones begun about 4,500 years ago. Stonehenge is the world's most famous prehistoric monument. 183,000 years ago the climate in Britain became colder and wetter than before. 19 A bit later iron started to be used for tools and weapons instead of bronze. Knowledgeof ironworking may have been brought by the Celts, a new wave of immigrants who startedto arrive from southern Europe in about 500 BC.What we know about the first people in Britain has been worked out by archaeologists from the remains they left behind them. Pytheas, a Greek, was the first person who could read and write to come to Britain. His visit was in about 330 BC, over 2, 000 years after Stonehenge was begun. Unfortunately, what Pytheas wrote has been lost, so we don't have any written record of Britain until the Romans came. 20A. That was almost 300 years after he did!B. As a result, people had to move down from high ground.C. Because of the climate change, much of the ice has melted.D. Many archaeologists believe that Britain was once covered by ice.E. These tribes built earthworks for protection and as tombs for their dead bodies.F. They were hunters and gatherers of food, who used stone tools and weapons.G. We don't know what it was used for, though many different suggestions have been made.第二部分完型填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)In my childhood, there were no smart phones or computers. Still, I never felt bored. The field, 21 and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground. I can remember once hiking to a nearby 22 and walking slowly around it. At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before. It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides, but 23 it still seemed like a fine adventure.I 24 on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my guardian angel was 25 in my ears to turn around and 26 back home but Iwas 27 and even a bit stupid, so I walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house 28 . My legs were getting tired. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew 29 . I didn’t want to end up 30 on this road in the dark of night, and I was worried that it would bedark 31 I could make my way back to the lake again.I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me. My heartwas 32 and my legs were aching. When I 33 one last corner and saw a house that I 34 , I jumped up and down and laughed out loud. I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away, but 35 felt like feathers.I 36 into the house with a big smile just in time for dinner. Then I ended my adventure with a good night’s sleep.I remembered this recently when I saw a 37 that said, “All roads lead home”. This is true. I also remembered a sage (圣人) compared life to a journey. Are we going to make this life a terrible 38 or are we going to make the life a joyful one? It 39 our own choice.All road no matter how they twist and turn, can 40 us home in our hearts. May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way!21.A.towns B.farms C.hills D.villageske B.farmhouse C.forestD.highway23.A.appreciating B.refusing C.introducingD.exploring24.A.drove B.walked C.flewD.rode25.A.scolding B.whispering C.singingD.waving26.A.wander nd C.paceD.head27.A.stubborn B.desperate C.sadD.anxious28.A.in order B.in comfort C.insight D.in need29.A.thrilled B.disappointed C.astonishedD.scared30.A.exposed B.trapped C.injuredD.worried31.A.though B.if C.whenD.before32.A.beating B.sinking C.blockingD.racing33.A.searched B.turned C.checkedD.examined34.A.owned B.overlooked C.recognizedD.defined35.A.arms B.legs C.headD.hands36.A.danced B.stormed C.draggedD.jumped37.A.design B.signature C.signalD.sign38.A.scene B.trip C.eventD.sight39.A.depends on B.decides on C.dealswith D.refers to40.A.move B.urge C.leadD.transport第三部分单项选择(共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)41. India attained ________ independence in 1947, after ________ long struggle.A. /, aB. the , aC. an, /D. an ,the42. My English teacher’s humor was ________ make every student burst into laughter.A.so as toB. such as toC. such thatD. so that43. He worked as a librarian before ________ to journalism .A.switchingB. swearingC. swellingD. swinging44. Don’t be ________ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.A.taken offB. taken outC. taken awayD. taken in45. --- You look upset . What’ s the matter ?--- I had my proposal ________again.A.turned overB. turned onC. turned offD. turned down46. Mother always complains that children ________ their shoes very quickly.A.find outB. wash outC. wear outD. set out47. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ________ the right things to say.A.thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of48.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. should49. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ________ the tough years.A.throughB. upC. withD. from50. Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase , she gave him a ________ smile and let him go .A.cautiousB. gratefulC. tolerateD. wild51. All the photographs in this book , ________ stated otherwise , date from the 1950s.A.unlessB. untilC. onceD. if52. Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ________ having a holiday abroad.A.he had consideredB. had he consideredC. he consideredD. did he consider53. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________ the season.A.whateverB. whetherC. wheneverD. however54. ________ passion people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A.ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By55. Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know wh ether she has finished it.A.was writingB. wroteC. is writingD. has written56. Jack is a great talker. It’ high time that he ________ something instead of just talking .A.doesB. didC. has doneD. was doing57. It’s no use ________ without taking action .A.to complainB. complainedC. complainingD. complaint58.The village isn’t ________ it used to be and the life we were used to _____ greatly since 1992.A.what , has changedB. that, changedC. what, changedD. that , changing59. There has been a recent ________ in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt.A.trackB. trickC. trendD. trial60. An advertiser might be trying to ________ customers into buying a product or a service of poor quality.A.turnB. tuneC. troubleD. trick第二卷注意:将答案写在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2021届高三上学期期末考试理科综合试题及答案
C.5:3:1
D.3:2:1
A.闭合 K1 时,H+通过 a 膜向 Pd 电极方向移动
B.闭合 K1 时, 表面的电极反应式为 Zn+4OH--2e- =
Zn(OH)
24
C.闭合 K2 时,Zn 电极与直流电源正极相连
D.闭合 K2 时,在 Pd 电极上有 CO2 生成 13.常温下,向 20 mL 0.01 mol/L CH3COOH 溶液中逐滴加入 0.01 mol/L 的 NaOH 溶液,溶液中水所
碘液
蓝色
C.③④⑤
3.下列关于细胞生命历程的说法,正确的是
A.细胞凋亡过程中没有基因的表达,对多细胞生物体无积极意义
B.衰老细胞中多种酶的活性显著降低,呼吸速率加快
C.如果某细胞形成了纺锤体,说明该细胞已高度分化
D.细胞癌变,多个基因发生突变,细胞膜上的糖蛋白减少
条件 常温 常温 常温 水浴 常温
D.②③④
有一项符合题目要求,第 19~21 题有多项符合题目要求。全部选对的得 6 分,选对但不全的得
3 分,有选错的得 0 分。 14.子弹以水平速度刚好穿透固定在地面上的三块相同材质的木板,且所用时间相同,速度方向与
木板面垂直,那么三块木板厚度之比为
A. ( 3 2) : ( 2 1) :1
B.9:4:1
8.用下列实验装置能达到相关实验目的的是
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
9.将 H2S 和空气的混合气体通入 FeCl3、FeCl2 和 CuCl2 的混合溶液中回收 S,其转化如图所示(CuS 不溶于水)。下列说法错误的是
A.过程①发生复分解反应,由弱酸反应得到强酸
B.过程②中,发生反应的离子方程式为: S2-+2Fe3+=S+2Fe2+
黑龙江省哈尔滨第六中学2024年第二学期高三年级阶段性试测数学试题
黑龙江省哈尔滨第六中学2024年第二学期高三年级阶段性试测数学试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.已知ABC ∆的内角,,A B C 的对边分别是,,,a b c 且444222222a b c a b c a b +++=+,若c 为最大边,则a b c +的取值范围是( )A .2313⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,B .()1,3C .2313⎛⎤ ⎥ ⎝⎦,D .(1,3]2.如图,在ABC ∆中,点Q 为线段AC 上靠近点A 的三等分点,点P 为线段BQ 上靠近点B 的三等分点,则PA PC +=( )A .1233BA BC +B .5799BA BC + C .11099BA BC +D .2799BA BC + 3.为了贯彻落实党中央精准扶贫决策,某市将其低收入家庭的基本情况经过统计绘制如图,其中各项统计不重复.若该市老年低收入家庭共有900户,则下列说法错误的是( )A .该市总有 15000 户低收入家庭B .在该市从业人员中,低收入家庭共有1800户C .在该市无业人员中,低收入家庭有4350户D .在该市大于18岁在读学生中,低收入家庭有 800 户4.在满足04x y <<≤,i i y x x y =的实数对(),x y (1,2,,,)i n =⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅中,使得3x x x x ++⋅⋅⋅+<成立的正整数n 的最大值为( )A .5B .6C .7D .95.已知函数()cos()f x A x ωϕ=+(0A >,0>ω,||2ϕπ<),将函数()f x 的图象向左平移34π个单位长度,得到函数()g x 的部分图象如图所示,则1()3f x =是32123x g π⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件6.方程()()f x f x '=的实数根0x 叫作函数()f x 的“新驻点”,如果函数()ln g x x =的“新驻点”为a ,那么a 满足( )A .1a =B .01a <<C .23a <<D .12a <<7.已知函数2211()log 13||f x x x ⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭(lg )3f x >的解集为( ) A .1,1010⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ B .1,(10,)10⎛⎫-∞⋃+∞ ⎪⎝⎭ C .(1,10) D .1,1(1,10)10⎛⎫⋃ ⎪⎝⎭8.已知复数z 满足i z11=-,则z =( ) A .1122i + B .1122i - C .1122-+i D .1122i -- 9.若样本1231,1,1,,1n x x x x ++++的平均数是10,方差为2,则对于样本12322,22,22,,22n x x x x ++++,下列结论正确的是( )A .平均数为20,方差为4B .平均数为11,方差为4C .平均数为21,方差为8D .平均数为20,方差为810.若复数()()2a i 1i (i ++为虚数单位)在复平面内所对应的点在虚轴上,则实数a 为( )A .2-B .2C .12-D .12专家,则甲,乙两位专家派遣至同一县区的概率为( )A .16B .14C .13D .1212.已知ABC 中,2,3,60,2,AB BC ABC BD DC AE EC ==∠=︒==,则AD BE ⋅=( )A .1B .2-C .12D .12- 二、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
专题17 解三角形-2020年高考数学(理)(全国Ⅱ专版)(原卷版)
专题17解三角形【母题来源一】【2020年高考全国Ⅱ卷理数】ABC △中,sin 2A -sin 2B -sin 2C =sin B sin C .(1)求A ;(2)若BC =3,求ABC △周长的最大值.【答案】(1)23π;(2)3+【分析】(1)利用正弦定理角化边,配凑出cos A 的形式,进而求得A ;(2)利用余弦定理可得到()29AC AB AC AB +-⋅=,利用基本不等式可求得AC AB +的最大值,进而得到结果.【解析】(1)由正弦定理可得:222BC AC AB AC AB --=⋅,2221cos 22AC AB BC A AC AB +-∴==-⋅,()0,A π∈ ,23A π∴=.(2)由余弦定理得:222222cos 9BC AC AB AC AB A AC AB AC AB =+-⋅=++⋅=,即()29AC AB AC AB +-⋅=.22AC AB AC AB +⎛⎫⋅≤ ⎪⎝⎭(当且仅当AC AB =时取等号),()()()22223924AC AB AC AB AC AB AC AB AC AB +⎛⎫∴=+-⋅≥+-=+ ⎪⎝⎭,解得:AC AB +≤(当且仅当AC AB =时取等号),ABC ∴△周长3L AC AB BC =++≤+ABC ∴△周长的最大值为3+【点睛】本题考查解三角形的相关知识,涉及到正弦定理角化边的应用、余弦定理的应用、三角形周长最大值的求解问题;求解周长最大值的关键是能够在余弦定理构造的等式中,结合基本不等式构造不等关系求得最值.【母题来源二】【2019年高考全国Ⅱ卷理数】ABC △的内角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c .若π6,2,3b ac B ===,则ABC △的面积为_________.【答案】【解析】由余弦定理得2222cos b a c ac B =+-,所以2221(2)2262c c c c +-⨯⨯⨯=,即212c =,解得c c ==-,所以2a c ==113sin 222ABC S ac B ==⨯=△【名师点睛】本题易错点往往是余弦定理应用有误或是开方导致错误.解答此类问题,关键是在明确方法的基础上,准确记忆公式,细心计算.本题首先应用余弦定理,建立关于c 的方程,应用,a c 的关系、三角形面积公式计算求解,本题属于常见题目,难度不大,注重了基础知识、基本方法、数学式子的变形及运算求解能力的考查.【母题来源三】【2018年高考全国Ⅱ理数】在ABC △中,5cos 25C =,1BC =,5AC =,则AB =A .BC .D .【答案】A【解析】因为2253cos 2cos 121,255C C ⎛⎫=-=⨯-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以22232cos 125215325AB BC AC BC AC C AB ⎛⎫=+-⋅=+-⨯⨯⨯-== ⎪⎝⎭,则,故选A.【名师点睛】解三角形问题,多为边和角的求值问题,这就需要根据正、余弦定理,结合已知条件,灵活转化为边和角之间的关系,从而达到解决问题的目的.【命题意图】三角函数主要考查利用正弦定理、余弦定理解决一些简单的三角形的度量问题,常与同角三角函数的关系、诱导公式、和差角公式,甚至三角函数的图象和性质等交汇命题,多以选择、填空、解答题的形式出现,属解答题中的低档题.预测今后的高考仍将以正弦定理、余弦定理,尤其是两个定理的综合应用为主要考点,可能与三角函数的图象和性质等交汇命题,重点考查计算能力以及应用数学知识分析和解决问题的能力.【命题规律】本考点一直是高考的热点,尤其是已知边角求其他边角,判断三角形的形状,求三角形的面积考查比较频繁,既有直接考查两个定理应用的选择题或填空题,也有考查两个定理与和差公式、倍角公式及三角形面积公式综合应用的解答题,解题时要掌握正、余弦定理及灵活运用,注意函数与方程思想、转化与化归思想在解题中的应用.【应试技巧】在ABC △中,若角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c ,则1.正弦定理:sin sin sin a b c==A B C.2.常见变形sin sin sin 1,,,sin sin ,sin sin ,sin sin ;sin sin sin A a C c B b a B b A a C c A b C c B B b A a C c ======()2;sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin sin a b c a b a c b c a b c A B C A B A C B C A B C+++++======+++++()3::sin :sin :sin ;a b c A B C =()3.余弦定理三角形中任何一边的平方等于其他两边的平方的和减去这两边与它们的夹角的余弦的积的两倍,即2222222222cos ,2cos 2cos .a b c bc A b a c ac B c a b ab C =+-=+-=+-,4.余弦定理的推论从余弦定理,可以得到它的推论222222222cos ,cos ,cos 222b c a c a b a b c A B C bc ca ab+-+-+-===5.三角形面积公式(1)三角形的高的公式:h A =b sin C =c sin B ,h B =c sin A =a sin C ,h C =a sin B =b sin A .(2)三角形的面积公式:S =21ab sin C ,S =21bc sin A ,S =21ca sin B.6.正弦定理可以用来解决两类解三角形的问题:(1)已知两角和任意一边,求其他的边和角;(2)已知两边和其中一边的对角,求其他的边和角.4==.sin sin sin a b cR R ABC A B C()正弦定理的推广:,其中为△外接圆的半径7.三角形解的个数的探究(以已知a b ,和A 解三角形为例)(1)从代数角度来看:①若sin sin 1b AB=a>,则满足条件的三角形的个数为0,即无解;②若sin sin 1b A B=a =,则满足条件的三角形的个数为1;③若sin sin 1b A B=a<,则满足条件的三角形的个数为1或2.注:对于(3),由sin 0sin 1b AB=a<<可知B 可能为锐角,也可能为钝角,此时应由“大边对大角”“三角形内角和等于180°”等进行讨论.(2)从几何角度来看:①当A 为锐角时,一解一解两解无解②当A 为钝角或直角时,一解一解无解无解8.利用余弦定理解三角形的步骤【解题经验分享】1.对三角形中的不等式,要注意利用正弦、余弦的有界性进行适当“放缩”.2.在解实际问题时,需注意的两个问题(1)要注意仰角、俯角、方位角等名词,并能准确地找出这些角;(2)要注意将平面几何中的性质、定理与正、余弦定理结合起来,发现题目中的隐含条件,才能顺利解决.3.利用正弦定理与余弦定理解题时,经常用到转化思想一个是把边转化为角,另一个是把角转化为边,,具体情况应根据题目给定的表达式进行确定,不管哪个途径,最终转化为角的统一或边的统一,也是我们利用正弦定理与余弦定理化简式子的最终目标,对于两个定理都能用的题目,应优先考虑利用正弦定理,会给计算带来相对的简便,根据已知条件中边的大小来确定角的大小,此时利用正弦定理去计算较小边所对的角,可避免分类讨论,利用余弦定理的推论,可根据角的余弦值的正负直接确定所求角是有锐角还是钝角,但计算麻烦.1.(2020·河北新乐市第一中学高三)已知ABC 中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若222a b c bc =+-,4bc =,则ABC 的面积A .12B .1C .D .22.(2020·安徽省高三三模)在ABC 中,若3,120AB BC C ==∠= ,则AC =A .1B .2C .3D .43.(2020·横峰中学高三)在ABC 中,已知45A ∠=︒,AB =,且AB 边上的高为则sin C =A .1010BC .5D .54.(2020·广西壮族自治区高三)已知ABC 中,BC 边上的中线3AD =,4BC =,60BAC ∠=︒,则ABC ∆的周长为A 4+B .4+C .4+D .45.(2020·山东省高三)在ABC 中,cos cos A B +=,AB =当sin sin A B +取最大值时,ABC 内切圆的半径为A .3B .2C .13D .26.(2020·陕西省洛南中学高三)在ABC 中,若7a =,8b =,1cos 7B =-,则A ∠的大小为A .6πB .4πC .3πD .2π7.(2020·广东省深圳外国语学校高三月考)海伦公式是利用三角形的三条边的边长,,a b c 直接求三角形面积S 的公式,表达式为:+c2a b S p +==;它的特点是形式漂亮,便于记忆.中国宋代的数学家秦九韶在1247年独立提出了“三斜求积术”,虽然它与海伦公式形式上有所不同,但它与海伦公式完全等价,因此海伦公式又译作海伦-秦九韶公式.现在有周长为的△ABC 满足sin :sin :sin 2:A B C =,则用以上给出的公式求得△ABC 的面积为A .B .C .D .128.(2020·广东省深圳外国语学校高三月考)ABC 的内角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ,已知3b a cosC sinC 3⎛⎫=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,a 2=,c 3=,则角C =A .π3B .π6C .3π4D .π49.(2020·麻城市实验高级中学高三)锐角ABC ∆中,角,,A B C ,所对的边分别为,,a b c ,若()sin 04A B C π⎛⎫+++= ⎪⎝⎭,1b c ==,则角C 的大小为A .12πB .6πC .3πD .512π10.(2020·麻城市实验高级中学高三)《易经》包含着很多哲理,在信息学、天文学中都有广泛的应用,《易经》的博大精深,对今天的几何学和其它学科仍有深刻的影响.下图就是易经中记载的几何图形——八卦田,图中正八边形代表八卦,中间的圆代表阴阳太极图,八块面积相等的曲边梯形代表八卦田.已知正八边形的边长为10m ,阴阳太极图的半径为4m ,则每块八卦田的面积约为A .2114mB .257mC .254m D .248m 11.(2020·福建省高三)设ABC 内角A ,B ,C 所对应的边分别为a ,b ,c .已知()4cos cos a c B b C -=,则cos B =______.12.(2020·青海省高三)在ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知a =4b =,120A =︒,则ABC 的面积为______.13.(2020·重庆市凤鸣山中学高三月考)ABC ∆的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,3A π=,6a =,b =,则C =_______.14.(2020·四川省阆中中学高三二模)在ABC 中,若()22235a c b+=,则cos B 的最小值为______.15.(2020·全国高三月考)设ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若()2cos cos 0a c B b C ++=,且4ac =,则ABC 的面积为______.16.(2020·内蒙古自治区高三二模)在锐角ABC 中,角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ,已知sinsin 2B Cb a B +⋅=⋅,且2c =,则锐角ABC 面积的取值范围是______.17.(2020·赣榆智贤中学高三)在ABC 中角A ,B ,C 的对边分別为a ,b ,c ,且352115cos cos cos bc A ac B ab C==,则cos C 的值为______.18.(2020·河南省高三月考)设ABC ∆的内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,且满足()222cos cos b a a B b A -=+,ABC ∆的周长为)51,则ABC ∆面积的最大值为______.19.(2020·福建省厦门外国语学校高三)如图所示,三个全等的三角形ABF 、BCD 、CAE V 拼成一个等边三角形ABC ,且DEF 为等边三角形,2EF AE =,设ACE θ∠=,则sin 2θ=______.20.(2020·江苏省高三)在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,其接圆半径为R .已知1c =,且△ABC 的面积()()22sin sin S R B A B A =-+,则a 的最小值为______.21.(2020·山东省高三二模)在ABC ∆中,内角,,A B C 所对的边分别是,,a b c .若sin sin b A a C =,1c =,则b =______,ABC ∆面积的最大值为______.22.(2020·西藏自治区高三二模)在ABC 中,4a =,5b =,6c =,则cos A =________,ABC 的面积为________.23.(2020·浙江省杭州高级中学高三)在平面四边形ABCD 中,BC CD ⊥,135o B ∠=,AB =,AC =,5CD =,则sin ACB ∠=________,AD =________.24.(2020·广东省高三月考)已知锐角ABC 的内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别为a 、b 、c ,且sin cos cos b A A C =2cos A,则tan A =______;若2a =,则b c +的取值范围为______.25.(2020·浙江省高三)已知在ABC 中,1cos3B =,AB =,8AC =,延长BC 至D ,使2CD =,则AD =______,sin CAD ∠=______.26.(2020·山东省高三三模)在ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c )cos sin a b C c B -=.(Ⅰ)求角B ;(Ⅱ)若b =,sin 3sin A C =,求BC 边上的高.27.(2020·天津高三二模)在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c .已知a 2+c 2=b 2105+ac .(1)求cosB 及tan 2B 的值;(2)若b =3,A 4π=,求c 的值.28.(2020·定远县育才学校高三)ABC 的内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,已知()2cos c a B -=.(1)求角A ;(2)若2a =,求ABC 面积的取值范围.29.(2020·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校高三三模)在ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 所对应的边分别为,,a b c ,已知()cos 2cos a C b c A =-.(1)求角A 的大小;(2)若a =,2b =,求ABC ∆的面积.30.(2020·全国高三月考)已知ABC 的三个内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,且57b c =,4cos 5A =,ABC 的面积21S =.(1)求边b 和c ;(2)求角B .31.(2020·广东省高三)在ABC 中,内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,且满足22sin 1cos22A B C +=-.(1)求出角C 的大小;(2)若ABC ,求ABC 的周长的最小值.32.(2020·湖北省高三)已知ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c ,其面积S 2224b c a +-=.(1)若a =b =cos B .(2)求sin (A +B )+sin B cos B +cos (B ﹣A )的最大值.33.(2020·四川省泸县五中高三二模)在ABC ∆中,内角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ,且22212cos 2B C a b c +⎛⎫+=- ⎪⎝⎭.(1)求角C ;(2)若c =,求ABC ∆周长的最大值.34.(2020·六盘山高级中学高三)已知ABC ∆中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,2A π≠,且满足()sin 220cos 0bc A B C ++=.(1)求ABC ∆的面积S ;(2)若24a S =,求c bb c +的最大值.35.(2020·宜宾市叙州区第一中学校高三二模)在ABC ∆中,角A ,B 、C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且3cos sin b A B=.(1)求A ;(2)若2a =,且()cos 2sin sin cos B C B C C -=-,求ABC ∆的面积.36.(2020·定西市第一中学高三)在锐角ABC 中,a =,________,(1)求角A ;(2)求ABC 的周长l 的范围.注:在①(cos ,sin ),(cos ,sin )2222A A A A m n =-= ,且12m n ⋅=- ,②cos (2)cos A b c a C -=,③11()cos cos(,()344f x x x f A π=--=这三个条件中任选一个,补充在上面问题中并对其进行求解.37.(2020·天津耀华中学高三一模)在ABC △中,,,a b c 分别是三个内角,,A B C 的对边,若3,4,2b c C B ===,且a b ¹.(Ⅰ)求cos B 及a 的值;(Ⅱ)求cos 23B π⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的值.38.(2020·山东省高三)在ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,sin sin sin cos cos cos A B C A B C+=+(1)若ABC 还同时满足下列四个条件中的三个:①7a =,②10b =,③8c =,④ABC 的面积S =(2)若3a =,求ABC 周长L 的取值范围.39.(2020·广东省金山中学高三三模)已知ABC 内接于单位圆,且()()112tanA tanB ++=,()1求角C()2求ABC 面积的最大值.40.(2020·梅河口市第五中学高三)已知a ,b ,c 分别是ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边,()sin sin sin sin a A C b B c C -=-,点D 在边AB 上,1BD =,且DA =.(1)求角B 的大小;(2)若BCD 的面积为2,求b 的值.41.(2020·江苏省高三三模)△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c .若5(sin C sin B)5sin A 8sin B a b c--=+.(1)求cosC 的值;(2)若A =C ,求sinB 的值.42.(2020·湖南省高三三模)已知,,a b c 分别是ABC 内角,,A B C 的对边,()cos (cos cos )b a C c A B -=-,22b ac =.(1)求cos C ;(2)若ABC c .43.(2020·云南省云南师大附中高三)设ABC 的内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别是a 、b 、c ,且三个内角A 、B 、C 依次成等差数列.(1)若2sin sin sin B A C =,求角A ;(2)若ABC 为钝角三角形,且a c >,求21cos cos 2222A A C -+的取值范围.44.(2020·巩义市教育科研培训中心高三)已知ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,120C =︒.(1)若2a b =,求tan A 的值;(2)若ACB ∠的平分线交AB 于点D ,且1CD =,求ABC 的面积的最小值.45.(2020·甘肃省静宁县第一中学高三)在锐角△ABC 中,内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,若cos cos c B b C =,BC 边上的高12AD =,4sin 5BAC ∠=.(1)求BC 的长:(2)过点A 作AE AB ⊥,垂足为A ,且CAE ∠为锐角,AE =sin ACE ∠.46.(2020·甘肃省民乐县第一中学高三)在ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,2sin c b A b -=.(1)证明:2A B =.(2)若3cos 4B =,求sinC 的值.47.(2020·甘肃省高三)如图所示,ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,且s 3c in os 3b C C a-=.(1)求A ;(2)若点P 是线段CA 延长线上一点,且3PA =,2AC =,6C π=,求PB .48.(2020·黑龙江省哈师大附中高三)在锐角ABC 中,内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别为a 、b 、c ,且直线x C =为函数()22cos sin cos f x x x x x =--图象的一条对称轴.(Ⅰ)求C ;(Ⅱ)若kc a b ≥+恒成立,求实数k 的最小值.49.(2020·甘肃省西北师大附中高三)在ABC ∆中,角、、A B C 的对边分别为a b c 、、,且)()2cos cos b A C π--=.(Ⅰ)求A 的值;(Ⅱ)若角,6B BC π=边上的中线AM =,求ABC ∆的面积.50.(2020·福建省厦门一中高三)如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥CD ,33CD AB ==.(1)若CA CD =,且tan ABC ∠=ABC 的面积S ;(2)若2cos 4DAC ∠=,3cos 4ACD ∠=,求BD 的长.51.(2020·全国高三三模)已知△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边长分别等于a ,b ,c ,列举如下五个条件:①sin sin 2B C a B b +=;sin A A +=;③cos A +cos2A =0;④a =4;⑤△ABC 的面积等于.(1)请在五个条件中选择一个(只需选择一个)能够确定角A 大小的条件来求角A ;(2)在(1)的结论的基础上,再在所给条件中选择一个(只需选择一个),求△ABC 周长的取值范围52.(2020·山东省高三二模)在①222b ac a c +=+,②cos sin B b A =cos 2B B +=,这三个条件中任选一个,补充在下面的问题中,并解决该问题.已知ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,_________,4A π=,b =(1)求角B ;(2)求ABC 的面积.。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学2020届高三上学期第二次调研考试(10月)地理试题 含答案
哈六中2019-2020学年度上学期高三学年第二次调研考试地理试卷一、选择题(每题2分,共60分)火地岛是拉丁美洲最大的岛屿,西部和南部山地为安第斯山脉余脉,东部和北部为平缓低地,覆盖第四纪冰川沉积和火山灰砾,多湖泊和沼泽湿地。
岛上雪线高度仅500-800米,有很多树木,树冠形状奇特,当地称作“醉汉树”,下图为火地岛及其周边区域图。
据此,回答1-3题。
1.关于图示岛屿叙述正确的是①西部沿岸暖流增湿,东部沿岸寒流减湿②山脉大致呈南北向,山脉阻挡,形成西部多雨区和东部雨影区③岛上湖泊多为冰川作用形成④地处太平洋板块与美洲板块碰撞挤压处,多火山地震A.①②B.②③C.①③D.③④2.火地岛上雪线高度仅500-800米的主要因素是A.纬度B.海拔C.海陆位置D.地形3.据图推测“醉汉树”的树冠朝向A.西北B.西南C.东南D.东北某媒体报道:东亚地区沙尘暴的源地主要在中国境内;而我国科学家研究发现,影响中国的沙尘暴三分之二源于国外。
回答4-5题。
4.影响中国沙尘暴的沙源主要位于下列哪个国家境内A.蒙古B.阿富汗C.吉尔吉斯斯坦D.俄罗斯5.当沙尘暴发生时,我国南方地区常伴有泥雨发生,其主要原因是A.含沙气流在南方山地迎风坡上升B.含沙气流与南方暖湿气团相遇后被抬升C.南方雨水把气流中沙粒冲刷下来D.含沙气流与南方暖湿空气混合,暖湿空气沿锋面上升所致一位去巴厘岛的游客在游记中写道:在乌布行走,常能看到随山势修筑的层层稻田,错落有致……走着走着,便会毫无预兆地遭遇一场阵雨,于是便在路旁的亭子里停下来听雨赏雨,看到路边石缝中“吱吱”地冒热气……下图为巴厘岛水系分布图,据此完成6-8题。
6.影响乌布稻田的主导自然条件是A.光照充足B.土壤肥沃C.水热充足D.河网密布7.在乌布遭遇毫无预兆的一场阵雨的成因最有可能是A.对流活动强烈B.台风活动频繁C.西南季风强盛D.东北信风控制8.路边石缝中“吱吱”地冒热气,其主要原因可能是A.纬度低,太阳辐射强,光照足B.沿岸有暖流经过,增温作用明显C.以平原为主,海拔低,气温高D.位于板块交界处,地壳运动活跃芒果是热带水果,四川攀枝花芒果主要种植在海拔1400m左右的河谷坡地,成熟期一般在9-11月,是我国芒果成熟期最晚的地区,该地区的芒果口感好,含糖量高,品质佳。
2020-2021高考化学化水溶液中的离子平衡综合经典题含答案
2020-2021高考化学化水溶液中的离子平衡综合经典题含答案一、水溶液中的离子平衡1.碳酸亚铁可用于制备补血剂。
某研究小组制备了 FeCO3,并对 FeCO3的性质和应用进行了探究。
已知:①FeCO3是白色固体,难溶于水②Fe2++6SCN-Fe(SCN)64-(无色)Ⅰ. FeCO3的制取(夹持装置略)实验i:装置 C 中,向 Na2CO3溶液(pH=11.9)通入一段时间 CO2至其 pH 为 7,滴加一定量 FeSO4溶液,产生白色沉淀,过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到 FeCO3固体。
(1)试剂 a 是_____。
(2)向 Na2CO3溶液通入 CO2的目的是_____。
(3)C 装置中制取 FeCO3的离子方程式为_____。
(4)有同学认为 C 中出现白色沉淀之后应继续通 CO2,你认为是否合理并说明理由________。
Ⅱ.FeCO3的性质探究实验ii实验iii(5)对比实验ⅱ和ⅲ,得出的实验结论是_____。
(6)依据实验ⅱ的现象,写出加入 10%H2O2溶液的离子方程式_____。
Ⅲ.FeCO3的应用(7)FeCO3溶于乳酸[CH3CH(OH)COOH]能制得可溶性乳酸亚铁([CH3CH(OH)COO]2Fe,相对分子质量为 234)补血剂。
为测定补血剂中亚铁含量进而计算乳酸亚铁的质量分数,树德中学化学实验小组准确称量 1.0g 补血剂,用酸性 KMnO4溶液滴定该补血剂,消耗0.1000mol/L 的 KMnO4溶液 10.00mL,则乳酸亚铁在补血剂中的质量分数为_____,该数值异常的原因是________(不考虑操作不当以及试剂变质引起的误差)。
【来源】四川省成都市树德中学2020届高三二诊模拟考试理科综合化学试题【答案】饱和NaHCO3溶液降低溶液中OH-浓度,防止生成Fe(OH)2 2HCO3- +Fe2+=FeCO3↓+CO2↑+H2O 不合理,CO2会和FeCO3反应生成Fe(HCO3)2(或合理,排出氧气的影响) Fe2+与SCN-的络合(或结合)会促进FeCO3固体的溶解或FeCO3固体在KSCN溶液中的溶解性比KCl溶液中大 6Fe(SCN)64-+3H2O2=2Fe(OH)3↓+4Fe(SCN)3+24SCN-或6Fe2++3H2O2+12SCN-=2Fe(OH)3↓+4Fe(SCN)3或6Fe2++3H2O2=2Fe(OH)3↓+4Fe3+ 117% 乳酸根中的羟基被KMnO4氧化,也消耗了KMnO4【解析】【分析】I. 装置A中碳酸钙和稀盐酸反应生成的二氧化碳中混有挥发的氯化氢气体,需要利用装置B中盛装的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液除去,装置C中,向碳酸钠溶液(pH=11.9)通入一段时间二氧化碳至其pH为7,滴加一定量硫酸亚铁溶液产生白色沉淀,过滤,洗涤,干燥,得到FeCO3;II. (5)根据Fe2++6SCN-Fe(SCN)64-分析FeCO3在KCl和KSCN两种不同溶液中的溶解度不同判断;(6)实验ii中溶液显红色且有红褐色沉淀生成,说明加入10%过氧化氢溶液后有Fe(OH)3和Fe(SCN)3生成;(7)FeCO3溶于乳酸[CH3CH(OH)COOH]能制得可溶性乳酸亚铁补血剂,根据得失电子守恒和元素守恒建立关系式进行计算;乳酸根中有羟基,也能被高锰酸钾溶液氧化。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2023届高三上学期线上考试(2)数学试题(含答案解析)
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2023届高三上学期线上考试(2)数学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.已知复数52i12i 1iz =+++,则z 的值为()A .1BC D .22.已知集合{}Z 12A x x =∈-≤,{}1,3,B a =,若A B B = ,则实数a 的取值集合为()A .{}1,1,0,2-B .{}1,0,2-C .{}1,1,2-D .{}0,23.已知2π4cos 45α⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,则sin 2α=()A .35B .35-C .15D .15-4.已知双曲线C :()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的右焦点为F ,过点F 作双曲线C 的一条渐近线的垂线,垂足为点A ,且与另一条渐近线交于点B ,若BA AF =,则双曲线的离心率为()ABC .2D 5.已知()f x 和()g x 分别是定义在R 上的偶函数和奇函数,若()()e xf xg x +=,则()f x 的最小值为()A .0B .1C .2D6.中国古代数学名著《周髀算经》记载的“日月历法”曰:“阴阳之数,日月之法,十九岁为一章,四章为一部,部七十六岁,二十部为一遂,遂千百五二十岁,…,生数皆终,万物复苏,天以更元作纪历”.现恰有40人,他们的年龄(都为正整数)之和恰好为一遂,其中最年长者的年龄大于90且不大于120,其余39人的年龄依次相差一岁,则最年轻者的年龄为()A .17B .18C .19D .207.过点()1,0P 可以作曲线()e x f x x =的两条切线,切点的横坐标分别为m ,n ,则22m n +A .1B .2CD .38.已知()()1e 2xf x a x x =+-,若有且只有两个整数解使()0f x <成立,则实数a 的取值范围为()A .3234,23⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭e e B .241,3⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭e e C .3234,23⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦e e D .241,3⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦e e 二、多选题9.已知函数()2sin(2)f x x ωϕ=+π02,ωϕ⎛⎫>< ⎪⎝⎭的最小正周期为π,函数()f x 图象关于直线π6x =对称,且满足函数()f x 在区间ππ,66⎡⎤-⎢⎣⎦上单调递减,则()A .π12ϕ=B .1ω=C .5π12ϕ=-D .2ω=10.数列{}n a 满足12a =,()*11112,11N n n n n a a --=≥∈--,则下列结论正确的有()A .11n a n=+B .数列1n n a a ⎧⎫+⎨⎬⎩⎭的和为21nn n ++C .若数列271n n b a =--,则数列1231058b b b b ++++= D .数列2n n na ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭有最小项11.如图,三棱锥S -ABC 中,平面SAC ⊥平面ABC ,过点B 且与AC 平行的平面α分别与棱SA 、SC 交于E ,F,若SA SC BA BC ====,AC =的为()A .三棱锥S -ABC 中的外接球表面积为16πB .//EF ACD .SC BF⊥12.已知圆O :224x y +=内一点()1,0P ,点()()2cos ,3sin R Q θθθ∈,则下列结论正确的是()A .过P 被圆截得的最短弦长为B .过Q 做圆O 的两条切线,切点分别为A ,B ,过A ,B 的直线分别交x 轴,y 轴于M ,N 两点,则OMN 的面积最小值为83C .过P 作两条互相垂直的弦与圆O 的交于四点,这四点构成四边形的面积的最大值为D .PQ 的最小值为1三、填空题13.平面向量,a b满足2,1a b == ,()4a a b ⊥- ,则2a b + 的值为______.14.已知x ,y 均为正数,且x +y =2xy ,则1y xy+的最大值为______.15.已知抛物线C :24y x =的焦点为F ,过点F 且斜率为1的直线交抛物线于A ,B 两点,若点()1,2M -,则MAB △的面积的值为______.16.正四棱锥P -ABCD 中,PA =4,AB =,E 为PA 上动点,F 为BC 上动点,则EF 的最小值为______.四、解答题17.已知直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,ABC 为正三角形,14AB AA ==,点E 在棱1C C 上,且13C E EC =,1B F ⊥平面AEF .(1)求证:F 为BC 的中点;(2)求二面角1B AE F --的余弦值.18.已知数列{}n a 满足1123333n n nn a a a n -+++=⋅ .(1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)令()()111nn n n a b a a +=++,设{}n b 的前n 项和为n S ,若n m S >对*N n ∈恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围.19.已知双曲线()2222:10,0x y C a b a b-=>>的左、右焦点分别为1F ,2F ,点2F 到一条渐近线的距离为1,点()0,P b ,且122cos 3F PF ∠=-.(1)求双曲线C 的方程;(2)若直线:l y x t =+与双曲线C 交于,A B 两点(异于点P ),且直线,PA PB 的斜率之和为65,求直线l 的方程.20.锐角在ABC 中,设边a ,b ,c 所对的角分别为A ,B ,C ,且222cos 2cos c b ac B ab C -=-.(1)求证:ABC 为等腰三角形;(2)若2sin a C =,求22a b +的取值范围.21.已知长度为3的线段AB 的两个端点分别在x 轴和y 轴上运动,动点P 满足2BP PA =,记动点P 的轨迹为曲线C .(1)求曲线C 的方程;(2)若直线():,0l y kx m k =+>与椭圆C 交于E ,F 两点,O 为坐标原点,若OE OF ⊥,求EF 最大值,及EF 取最大值时直线l 的方程.22.已知函数()()1e 1xf x x =-+.(1)证明:()2102f x x +≥;(2)若0x ≥时,()()ln 1f x mx x ≥+恒成立,求实数m 的取值范围.参考答案:1.C【分析】先得z 的代数形式,后由复数模的计算公式可得答案.【详解】()()()()()()512i 2i 1i 52i12i+i+1=2i 12i 1i 12i 12i 1i 1i z --=+=+=--+++-+-,则z ==.故选:C 2.B【分析】首先求集合A ,再根据集合的包含关系求a 的取值集合.【详解】1221213x x x -≤⇔-≤-≤⇔-≤≤,又Z x ∈,所以{}1,0,1,2,3A =-,{}1,3,B a =,若A B B = ,则B A ⊆,根据集合的互异性可知,1a =-或0或2.则实数a 的取值集合为{}1,0,2-.故选:B 3.B【分析】利用降幂公式,化简求值.【详解】2π1cos 2π1sin 242cos 4225ααα⎛⎫++ ⎪-⎛⎫⎝⎭+=== ⎪⎝⎭,解得:3sin 25α=-.故选:B 4.C【分析】设出过右焦点垂直于渐近线的直线AB :()ay x c b=--,与垂直的渐近线联立得到点A 的坐标,再根据BA AF =得到点B 的坐标,利用点B 在另一条渐近线上得到224c a =,进而求出离心率.【详解】由题意知:双曲线C :()222210,0x y a b a b-=>>的渐近线方程为:b y x a =±,不妨设过右焦点垂直于渐近线的直线AB 的方程为:()ay x c b=--,联立方程组()b y x a a y x c b ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=--⎪⎩解得:2(,)a abA c c ,又因为BA AF = ,所以A 为BF 的中点,因(c,0)F ,则有222(,)a abB c c b -,由题意知:点B 在直线b y x a =-,代入可得:222ab b a c a c=-⨯,整理可得:224c a =,则2e ==,故选:C .5.B【分析】先利用奇偶性,列出方程组算得()e e 2x xf x -+=,令e x t =,用基本不等式求最小值.【详解】由()f x 和()g x 分别是定义在R 上的偶函数和奇函数,则()()f x f x -=,()()g x g x -=-,故()()()()e xf xg x f x g x --+-=-=,①()()e x f x g x +=,②①+②得()2e e xxf x -=+,故()e e2x x f x -+=,令e xt =,则0t >,则()112t t f t +=≥,当且仅当1t =,即0x =时取等,故()f x 的最小值为1,故选:B.6.A【分析】可设年纪最大年龄为m ,年纪最小年龄为n ,根据其余39人的年龄依次相差一岁,得到(1)(38)1520n n n m +++⋅⋅⋅+++=,然后由最年长者的年龄大于90且不大于120求解.【详解】由题意可设年纪最大年龄为m ,年纪最小年龄为n ,则有(1)(38)1520n n n m +++⋅⋅⋅+++=,所以77939m n =-,因为9077939120n <-≤,解得352616173939n ≤<,*N n ∈,所以17n =故选:A .7.D【分析】切点为坐标(),x y ,结合切线斜率列出方程得()21e 0xx x --=,结合韦达定理求解即可.【详解】()()1e xf x x '=+,设切点为坐标(),x y ,则()e 1e 11xxy x x x x +==--,即()21e 0xx x --=,则12121,1x x x x +=⋅=-,由题意知210x x --=有两解,分别为m ,n ,故()()2222212*********m n x x x x x x +=+=+-⋅=-⨯-=,故选:D.8.B【分析】计算可得()120f -=>,分1x <-、1x >-两种情况讨论,令()()21e x xg x x =+,利用导数分析函数()g x 的单调性,数形结合可求得实数a 的取值范围.【详解】因为()120f -=>,①当1x <-时,由()0f x <可得()21e x x a x >+,令()()21e x xg x x =+,则()()()22211e xx x g x x -+-'=+,由()0g x '=,可得12x +=-或x =,当12x <-时,()0g x '<,此时函数()g x 单调递减,当1x <<-时,()0g x '>,此时函数()g x 单调递增,此时,满足不等式()21e x x a x >+有无数个整数解;②当1x >-时,由()0f x <可得()21e x xa x <+,令()()21e x xg x x =+,则()()()22211e xx x g x x -+-'=+,由()0g x '=,可得12x =-(舍)或x =当1x -<<()0g x '>,此时函数()g x 单调递增,当x >时,()0g x '<,此时函数()g x 单调递减,因为01<<,因为()11e g =,()2423e g =,如下图所示:因为有且只有两个整数解使()0f x <成立,则满足不等式()21e x xa x <+在1x >-时的整数解只有一个,所以,()()21g a g ≤<,即2413e ea ≤<.综上所述,2413e ea ≤<.故选:B.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题考查利用函数不等式的整数解的个数,解题的关键在于利用参变量分离法以及数形结合思想可得出参数的取值范围.9.CD【分析】由周期为π,可得2ω=.根据对称轴π6x =以及正弦函数的对称性可得5π12ϕ=-或π12ϕ=.分别将5π12ϕ=-或π12ϕ=代入22x ϕ+,得出范围,根据正弦函数的单调性即可得出ϕ的值.【详解】由已知函数()f x 的最小正周期为π,可得2π2πω==.又函数()f x 图象关于直线π6x =对称,所以有ππ22π,62k k ϕ⨯+=+∈Z ,所以ππ,122k k ϕ=+∈Z ,又π2ϕ<,所以5π12ϕ=-或π12ϕ=.当5π12ϕ=-时,5π()2sin 26f x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭,由ππ66x -≤≤可得7π5ππ2662x -≤-≤-,因为函数sin y x =在7ππ,62⎡⎤--⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减,满足题意;当π12ϕ=时,π()2sin 26f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,由ππ66x -≤≤可得πππ2662x -≤+≤,因为函数sin y x =在ππ,62⎡⎤-⎢⎣⎦上单调递增,不满足题意.所以,5π12ϕ=-.故选:CD.10.ABC【分析】逐项代入分析即可求解.【详解】根据()*11112,11N n n n n a a --=≥∈--,所以11n a ⎧⎫⎨⎬-⎩⎭为等差数列,所以1111(1)1(1)11121n n n n a a =+-⨯=+-⨯=---,所以11n a n-=,所以11n a n=+,故选项A 正确;11111111111111112111111n n n n a a n n n n n n n n n n+-+=++=++=++=++-=+-+++++,所以数列1n n a a ⎧⎫+⎨⎬⎩⎭的和为1111111121...21222334111n n n n n n n n ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+-+-+++-=+-=+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥+++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦,故选项B 正确;2277271111n n b n a n=-=-=--+-,1231053113579111358b b b b ++++=+++++++++= ,故选项C 正确;令1(11222n n n n nn na n n c ++===,所以所以11112122202222n n n n n n n n n n nc c +++++++----=-==<,所以1n n c c +<,所以数列2n n na ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭没有最小项,故选项D 错误;故选:ABC.11.BC【分析】根据勾股定理可得AC 为三棱锥S ABC -外接球的直径,代入计算即可判断选项A ;利用线面平行的性质即可判断选项B ;平移直线SA ,得到BFP ∠(或其补角)即为BF 与SA 所成的角.根据面面垂直得到线面垂直,在直角三角形中求得角的余弦值,可判断选项C ;根据条件得到SBC △为正三角形,找到要使SC BF ⊥的条件即可判断选项D .【详解】对于A ,因为SA SC ==AC =222AC SA SC =+,则SA SC ⊥,同理AB BC ⊥,边AC 中点到点A ,B ,C ,S 距离相等,所以AC 为三棱锥S ABC -外接球的直径,则R =,所以三棱锥S ABC -外接球的表面积24π24πS R ==,故选项A 错误;对于B ,因为//AC α,过AC 的平面SAC αEF ⋂=,由线面平行的性质可得://EF AC ,故选项B 正确;对于C ,取AC 的中点P ,连接,BP PF ,因为F 为SC 的中点,所以//PF SA 且12PF SA ==,所以BFP ∠(或其补角)即为BF 与SA 所成的角.因为平面SAC ⊥平面ABC ,且平面SAC 平面=ABC AC ,又BA BC =,所以BP AC ⊥,BP ⊂平面ABC ,所以BP ⊥平面SAC ,PF ⊂平面SAC ,所以BP PF ⊥,因为12BP AC ==12PF SA ==所以3BF ==,在Rt BPF 中,cos 3PF BFP BF ∠==,所以BF 与SA 所成的角的余弦值为3,故选项C 正确;对于D ,连接SP ,由选项C 分析可得:BP ⊥平面SAC ,因为SP ⊂平面SAC ,所以BP SP ⊥,又因为12SP AC ==,所以SB ==因为SC BC ==,所以SBC △为正三角形,要使SC BF ⊥,则F 一定是SC 的中点,题中并没有说明F 是SC 的中点,故选项D 错误,故选:BC 12.ABD【分析】根据题意可知:当OP 垂直于弦时弦长最短,利用垂径定理计算即可判断选项A ;根据条件先求出AB 所在的直线方程,求出面积的表达式进而求解,可判断选项B ;设出直线方程,利用点到直线的距离公式和垂径定理求出面积的表达式,然后根据函数的单调性求出最值即可判断选项C ;利用两点间距离公式计算即可求解,进而判断选项D .【详解】对于A ,过圆O :224x y +=内一点()1,0P ,被圆截得的弦长最短时,OP 垂直于弦,因为1OP =,由垂径定理可得:最短弦长l ==A 正确;对于B ,因为A ,B 为切点,由题意可知;,OA QA OB QA ⊥⊥,所以,,,O A B Q 四点共圆,且该圆以OQ 为直径,设该圆为圆C ,则圆C 的方程为222239(cos )(sin )cos sin 24x y θθθθ-+-=+,整理可得:222cos 3sin 0x y x y θθ+--=,因为圆O 的方程为:224x y +=,两圆的方程相减可得:圆O 与圆C 的公共弦AB 的方程:2cos 3sin 4x y θθ+=,因为直线AB 分别交x 轴,y 轴于M ,N 两点,则2(,0)cos M θ,4(0,3sin N θ,所以12482cos 3sin 3sin 2OMN S θθθ=⨯⨯= ,所以当sin 21θ=±时,面积取最小值83,故选项B 正确;对于C ,设两条互相垂直的弦分别为,AC BD ,因为AC BD ⊥,所以12ABCD S AC BD =⋅.当,AC BD 中一条直线的斜率不存在时,142ABCD S =⨯=当,AC BD 的斜率均存在时,设直线:(1)AC y k x =-,直线1:(1)BD y x k=--,直线AC 的方程可化为:kx y k 0--=,圆心O 到直线AC 的距离d =由垂径定理可得:2AC =,同理可得:BD =所以12ABCDS AC BD =⋅=,令21(1)k t t +=≥,则有ABCD S ===所以当112t =,即2t =,1k =±时,四边形的面积取最大值7272⨯=,因为7>7,故选项C 错误;对于D ,因为()1,0P ,()()2cos ,3sin R Q θθθ∈,由两点间距离公式可得:PQ =,因为cos [1,1]θ∈-,所以当cos 1θ=时,PQ 最小,最小值为1,故选项D 正确,故选:ABD .13.【分析】先利用向量垂直数量积为0求出a b ⋅的值,再根据向量的平方等于模长的平方即可求解.【详解】因为()4a a b ⊥- ,所以()2440a a b a a b ⋅-=-⋅= ,解得1a b ⋅= ,又因为()2222224412a b a ba ab b +=+=+⋅+=,所以2a b +=故答案为:14.94【分析】根据化为单变量,取倒数代换,并利用二次函数的性质即可求解.【详解】因为x +y =2xy ,所以(12)y x x -=-,所以2222121311313121212121212x x x xx x x x x x x x x x xx x x--+--+----====-+-------,因为知x ,y 均为正数,所以0012x x x>⎧⎪-⎨>⎪-⎩,所以12x >,令1,02t t x=<<,所以原式可化简为23t t -+,二次函数开口向下,对称轴为332(1)2t =-=⨯-,所以当32t =时,23t t -+取得最大值94,所以1y xy +的最大值为94.故答案为:94.15.【分析】根据题意求出直线方程,与抛物线联立,利用弦长公式求出AB ,点到直线的距离公式求出点M 到AB 的距离,代入面积公式即可求解.【详解】由题意可知:焦点(1,0)F ,所以过点F 且斜率为1的直线方程为1y x =-,联立方程组241y xy x ⎧=⎨=-⎩,整理可得:2610x x -+=,设1122(,),(,)A x y B x y ,则126x x +=,121x x ⋅=,所以128AB x =-==,又因为()1,2M -到直线AB的距离d ==所以11822MAB S d AB ==⨯= ,故答案为:16.7【分析】根据题意可证BC 平面PAD ,点F 到平面PAD 的距离相等,利用空间向量求点F 到平面PAD的距离,则7EF ≥,当且仅当EF ⊥平面PAD 时等号成立,再利用空间向量证明存在点,E F ,使得EF ⊥平面PAD 即可.【详解】由题意可得:AD BC ,BC ⊄平面PAD ,AD ⊂平面PAD ,则BC 平面PAD ,故点F 到平面PAD 的距离相等,如图,以B为坐标原点建立空间直角坐标系,则()()(),0,0,0,,A B D P ,设平面PAD 的法向量为(),,n x y z =,∵()(0,,AD AP ==uuu r uu u r,则00n AD n AP z ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅=+=⎪⎩,令x =,则0,1y z ==,故)n =r,又∵()BA =uu r,则点B 到平面PAD的距离7n BA d n⋅==r uu r r ,即点F 到平面PAD的距离为7,∴7EF ≥,当且仅当EF ⊥平面PAD 时等号成立,由题意可设:[],,,0,1BF BC AE AP λμλμ==∈uu u r uu u r uu u r uu u r,则可得()(),,0,,0E F ,故(),FE =-uur,若FE n,则01-=⎨=,解得1727λμ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,故当12,77BF BC AE AP ==uu u r uu u r uu u r uu u r时,EF ⊥平面PAD ,故EF故答案为:7.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题根据线面平行将两点间距离转化为点到面的距离,再检验其成立的条件是否满足.17.(1)证明见解析【分析】(1)以F 为坐标原点,,,FA FB FD的方向为,,x y z 轴的正方向建立空间直角坐标系,由线面垂直可得线线垂直即可得证;(2)根据二面角的向量求解方法可得解.【详解】(1)以F 为坐标原点,1FD CC ,,,FA FB FD 的方向为,,x y z 轴的正方向建立空间直角坐标系,设BF t =,则4CF t=-1(0,,4),(0,0,0),(0,4,1)B t F E t -,又因为1B F ⊥平面AEF ,EF ⊂则平面AEF,则1B F EF⊥所以10FB FE ⋅=且()()10,,4,0,4,1FB t FE t ==- 即得()()2210444420FB FE t t t t t ⋅=+-+=-+=-= 故2BF t ==,即F 为BC 的中点(2)1(0,2,4),(0,2,1)B F FA FE =--==-,设平面AEF 的法向量为111(,,),0,0m x y z m FA m FE =⋅=⋅=,∴111020y z ⎧=⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩,得10x =,令11y =,则12z =,∴(0,1,2)m =.1(2,1),(0,4,3)AE B E =--=--,设平面1B AE 的法向量为2221(,,),0,0n x y z n AE n B E =⋅=⋅=,∴2222220430y z y z ⎧--+=⎪⎨--=⎪⎩,令25x =-,则22y z ==-∴(n =--,设二面角1B AE F --的平面角为θ,∴1cos ,||||m n m n n n ⨯⨯-⋅==-⋅由图示可知二面角1B AE F --是锐角,所以二面角1B AE F --的余弦值为10.18.(1)13n n a -=(2)1,4⎡⎤+∞⎢⎥⎣⎦【分析】(1)根据类比作差即可求得通项公式;(2)根据裂项相消即可求解和不等式的恒成立即可求解.【详解】(1)因为1123333n n nn a a a n -+++=⋅ ,①所以()121112133313(2)n n n n a a a n n ----+++=-⋅≥ ,②②式两边同时乘以3得,()1212133313n n nn a a a n --+++=-⋅ (2)n ≥,③①③两式得33nn a =(2)n ≥,所以,13(2)n n a n -=≥,又当1n =,11313a =⨯,所以11a =,所以,13n n a -=.(2)()()()()1111311111231313131n n n n nn n n n a b a a ---+⎛⎫===- ⎪++++++⎝⎭,所以1234...n nS b b b b b =+++++0112231111111111...23131313131313131n n-⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+-+-++- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢++++++++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦0112231111111111...23131313131313131n n -⎛⎫=--+-++- ⎪++++++++⎝⎭,0112231111111111...23131313131313131n n -⎛⎫=--+-++- ⎪++++++++⎝⎭1112231n ⎛⎫=- ⎪+⎝⎭,易知,n S 是关于n 的增函数,所以11111111022********n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫-≤-<-⎪ ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,因为n m S >对*N n ∈恒成立,所以()max n m S >,所以14m ≥,实数m 的取值范围是1,4⎡⎤+∞⎢⎥⎣⎦.19.(1)2214x y -=(2)2y x =+【分析】(1)写出渐近线方程,利用点到直线的距离公式求出1b =,结合222+=a b c ,以及12F PF △中利用余弦定理求出,a b 的值即可;(2)设点联立直线与双曲线方程,写出韦达定理,利用0∆>求出参数的范围,再写出,PA PB k k 相加之和为65,联立方程求出t 即可.【详解】(1)由双曲线的方程得渐近线方程为:b y x a=±,取其中一条0by x bx ay a =⇒-=,则由点()2,0F c 到一条渐近线的距离为1及222+=a b c有:1bcd b c===,又()0,P b,所以12PF PF ===又122F F c =,在12F PF △中,122cos 3F PF ∠=-,由余弦定理得:222121212122cos 23PF PF F F F PF PF PF +-∠==-⋅,()222223c -+=-解得25c =,所以222514a c b =-=-=,所以双曲线C 的方程为:2214x y -=.(2)设()()1122,,,A x y B x y ,联立2214y x t x y =+⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩消去y 整理得:2238440x tx t +++=,()226434440t t ∆=-⨯⨯+>则23t t >⇒>或t <,则21212844,33t x x t x x ++=-=,又121211,PA PB y y k k x x --==所以121212121111PA y y x t x t k x x x x --+-+-=+=+()()21121211x x t x x t x x +-++-=()()12121221x x t x x x x +-+=()2816324453t t t ⎛⎫-⨯-⎪⎝⎭=+=+,整理得:23520t t --=,解得13t =-(舍去)或2t =,所以直线l 的方程为:2y x =+.20.(1)证明过程见详解;(2)(3,)+∞.【分析】(1)根据余弦定理即可求解;(2)根据余弦定理,同角三角函数基本关系式,化归思想以及函数单调性即可求解.【详解】(1)222cos 2cos c b ac B ab C -=-,所以222222222222a c b a b c c b ac ab ac ab+-+--=⋅-⋅,所以()22222222c b a c b a b c -=+--+-,所以22b c =,所以b c =,所以ABC 为等腰三角形.(2)由余弦定理得,2222cos c a b ab C =+-,又b c =,所以2222cos c a c ac C =+-,所以22cos a ac C =,所以2cos a c C =,而2sin a C =,所以2sin 2cos C c C =,所以sin tan cos Cc C C==,所以tan b C =,所以()()2222222sin 2sin tan 4sin cos Ca b C C C C+=+=+,令2cos ,C t =所以22222sin 1114sin 4(1)44134cos C t a b C t t t C t t t-+=+=-+=-+-=-+,ABC 为锐角三角形,所以,0,2020()2C B C A B C ππππ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪<=<⎨⎪⎪<=--<⎪⎩所以42C ππ<<,所以0cos C <<所以210cos 2C <<,所以102t <<所以22134a b t t +=-+在102t <<是减函数,所以1343t t-+>,所以22(3,)a b ∞+∈+,22a b +的取值范围是(3,)+∞.21.(1)2214x y +=(2)112y x =±【分析】(1)设出,,P A B 点坐标,用P 点坐标表示AB ,然后代入圆方程,从而求出P 点的轨迹;(2)直线和椭圆联立,化简OE OF ⊥得出,k m 关系,弦长公式写出EF ,减元后再利用函数单调性求出最值,并确定取等条件时直线的方程..【详解】(1)设(),P x y ,由题意得:()(),0,0,A a B b3=,由2BP PA = ,则()(),2,x y b a x y -=--,可得222x a x y b y =-⎧⎨-=-⎩,即323x ay b⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩3=,即()2223332x y ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,则2214x y +=.故动点P 的轨迹方程为2214x y +=.(2)设()()1122,,,E x y F x y ,联立2214x y y kx m ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=+⎩,可得()222148440k x kmx m +++-=,则12221228144414km x x k m x x k -⎧+=⎪⎪+⎨-⎪=⎪+⎩,又因为OE OF ⊥,所以()()()()1212121222121210OE OF x x y y x x kx m kx m k x x km x x m ⋅=+=+++=++++=即得()22222448101414m kmk km m k k--+++=++,化简()()()()22221448140k m km km m k +-+⨯-++=,即22544m k =+,EF ====设214k t +=,则EF ===,又因为0k >,则21141,01t k t=+><<,当112t =时,EF =此时2142,0t k k =+=>,所以12k =,又因为22544m k =+,所以1m =±所以:l 112y x =±.22.(1)证明见解析(2)12m ≤【分析】(1)令()()212g x f x x =+,利用导数分析函数()g x 的单调性,可得出()()0g x g ≥,即可证得结论成立;(2)令()()()1e ln 11xh x x mx x =--++,其中0x ≥,由题意可知()()00h x h ≥=对任意的0x ≥恒成立,对实数m 的取值进行分类讨论,利用导数分析函数()h x 的单调性,验证()0h x ≥对任意的0x ≥能否恒成立,综合可得出实数m 的取值范围.【详解】(1)证明:令()()()22111e 122x g x f x x x x =+=-++,x ∈R ,()00g =,()()e 1x g x x '=+,由()0g x '<可得0x <,由()0g x '>可得0x >.所以,函数()g x 的减区间为(),0∞-,增区间为()0,∞+,所以,()()00g x g ≥=,故原不等式得证.(2)解:当0x ≥时,由()()ln 1f x mx x ≥+可得()()1e ln 110xx mx x --++≥,令()()()1e ln 11xh x x mx x =--++,其中0x ≥,由题意可知()()00h x h ≥=对任意的0x ≥恒成立,()()e ln 11x x h x x m x x ⎡⎤'=-++⎢⎥+⎣⎦,且()00h '=,令()()p x h x '=,其中0x ≥,则()()()()()()32221e 21e 211xxm x x x p x x m x x x ⎡⎤+++'=+-=-⎢⎥+++⎢⎥⎣⎦,令()()31e2xx t x m x +=-+,其中0x ≥,则()()()()222157e 02xx xx t x x +++'=>+,所以,函数()t x 在[)0,∞+上为增函数,则()()min 102t x t m ==-.①当102m -≥时,即当12m ≤时,对任意的0x ≥,()0p x '≥且()p x '不恒为零,故函数()p x 在[)0,∞+上为增函数,则()()00h x h ''≥=且()h x '不恒为零,故函数()h x 在[)0,∞+上为增函数,则()()00h x h ≥=,合乎题意;②当102m -<时,即当12m >时,()1002t m =-<,()()()33321e 1210222mm m m m m t m m m m m m +++++=->=>+++,所以,存在()00,x m ∈,使得()00t x =,当00x x <<时,()0t x <,则()0p x '<,此时函数()p x 单调递减,则当00x x <<时,()()00p x p <=,即()0h x '<,故函数()h x 在()00,x 上单调递减,所以,()()000h x h <=,不合乎题意.综上所述,12m ≤.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题考查利用函数不等式恒成立求参数,解题的关键在于通过构造函数()()()1e ln 11xh x x mx x =--++,且注意到()00h =,转化为()()0h x h ≥恒成立,在确定导数符号时,本题需要二次求导,需要注意每次求导时函数单调性与导数之间的关系.。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学校2023届高三下学期第一次模拟考试理综含答案
哈尔滨市第六中学2020级高三第一次模拟考试理科综合测试本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
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可能用到的相对质量:H-1 C-12 O-16 Ce-140 Na-40第Ⅰ卷一、选择题:本题共13小题,每小题6分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求。
1.“结构与功能相统一”有利于细胞正常完成各项生命活动。
下列四种细胞各损伤了一种细胞结构,对其结果的叙述正确的是()选项细胞种类损伤结构结果A 唾液腺细胞线粒体细胞质基质中会产生CO2B 叶肉细胞叶绿体暗反应正常进行C 巨噬细胞溶酶体无法正常消化抗原D 根尖分生区细胞中心体细胞无法形成纺锤体2.新型冠状病毒是一种RNA病毒,目前已发现“阿尔法”“德尔塔”和“奥密克戎”等多种变异毒株。
下列有关变异毒株的叙述错误的是()A.变异毒株的核糖核苷酸序列不同B.变异毒株的传播能力可能不同C.产生变异毒株的根本原因是染色体变异D.不同变异毒株均能激活正常机体免疫应答3.尼古丁是一种能使人高度成瘾的化合物,主要存在于烟草中,具有刺激性气味,可作用于自主神经系统,如图所示。
下列相关叙述正确的是()A.尼古丁能改变受体的形状,从而为Na+的跨膜运输提供能量B.与不吸烟的正常人相比,吸烟者体内的肾上腺素含量会下降C.根据图示推测,人在戒烟后很可能会出现体重下降的现象D.与不吸烟的正常人相比,吸烟者脂肪细胞的耗氧量会增加4.下图为利用藻类和细菌处理生活污水的一种生物氧化塘系统示意图。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学高三语文下学期第三次模拟考试试题(含解析)(2021年整理)
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考试试题(含解析)考试作答时,请将答案写在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
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2.答题时使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔或碳素笔书写,字体工整、笔谈清楚.3.请按题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4.保持卡面清洁,不折叠,无破损.第I卷阅读题一、现代文阅读(一)论述类文阅读阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题.文学是人类感恩自然的最佳途径人类在征服世界的征途中,渐渐地失去了自己的灵魂。
尤其现代社会,红尘滚滚,人心浮躁,我们若想与喧嚣都市抗衡,也许最佳选择就是投入到自然中去,享受星辰、山河、森林、海洋,让生命从中获得身心滋养,获得真正的愉悦与幸福;而我们从自然中领受到的身心感悟,一旦化为文字,就成为了自然文学。
中国人讲求顺应自然、强调天人合一,将美好的品质赋予自然,比如山水、树木、花草、虫鸟;古人写文章,大多写山水、游记,即使当今的散文写作领域,游记文章也占了相当大的比例。
事实上,中国文化历来注重探究人与自然的关系。
欧美几十年前也兴起了写山水、荒原、旷野即写大自然的热潮,名之为“自然主义写作",也就是自然文学.所谓自然文学,从内容上看,主要思索的是人类与自然的关系;从形式上说,当代的自然文学,主要包括环境文学和生态文学。
2020年黑龙江省哈尔滨六中高考物理二模试卷 (含答案解析)
2020年黑龙江省哈尔滨六中高考物理二模试卷一、单选题(本大题共5小题,共30.0分)1.用国际单位制的基本单位表示能量的单位,下列正确的是()A. N·mB. kg·m/s2C. N/mD. kg·m2/s22.如图所示,物体A,B用细线与弹簧连接后跨过光滑的滑轮。
A静止在倾角为60°的粗糙斜面上,B也静止。
A与斜面的动摩擦因数为μ,现将斜面倾角由60°减小到30°,B未碰到地面,A,B仍然静止。
则在此过程中()A. 物体A受到的摩擦力方向一定沿斜面向上B. 物体A对斜面的压力一定增大C. 物体A受到的摩擦力方向一定发生变化D. 物体A受到的摩擦力一定减小3.如图为静电除尘机理图,废气先经过一个机械过滤装置再进入静电除尘区,放电极和集尘极加上高压电场,使尘埃带上负电,尘埃在电场力的作用下向集尘极迁移并沉积,达到除尘目的,图中虚线为电场线(方向未标).不考虑尘埃在迁移过程中的相互作用和电荷量变化,则()A. 电场线方向由放电极指向集尘极B. 图中A点电势高于B点电势C. 尘埃在迁移过程中电势能减小D. 尘埃在迁移过程中动能减小4.宇航员在某星球上为了研究其自转周期,做了如下实验:在该星球的两极点,用弹簧秤测得一物体的重力为F1,在星球赤道处测得同一物体的重力为F2.乘坐飞行器绕星球表面做匀速圆周运动的周期为T,假设该星球质量均匀分布,则其自转周期为()A. T√F2F1B. T√F1F2C. T√F1−F2F1D. T√F1F1−F25.如图所示,水平传送带长为L,始终以速度v保持匀速运动,把质量为m的货物无初速地放到A点,当货物运动到AC的中点B时速度恰为v,而后被传送到C点.货物与皮带间的动摩擦因数为μ,则货物从A点到C点的过程中()A. 摩擦力对货物做的功为μmgLμmgvB. 摩擦力对货物做功的平均功率为12C. 传送带克服摩擦力做功为μmgLμmgvD. 传送带克服摩擦力做功的平均功率为12二、多选题(本大题共3小题,共18.0分)6.下列现象中,与原子核内部变化有关的是()A. α粒子散射现象B. 天然放射现象C. 光电效应现象D. 重核裂变、轻核聚变7.如图所示,质量为m的物体(可视为质点)以某一速度从A点冲上g,此物体在斜面上上倾角为30°的固定斜面,其运动的加速度为35升的最大高度为h,则在这个过程中物()mgℎ B. 重力势能增加了mghA. 摩擦力做功−110mgℎC. 动能损失了mghD. 机械能损失158.如图所示,在等腰三角形abc区域内有垂直纸面向外的匀强磁场.大量相同的带电粒子从a点以相同方向进入磁场,由于速度大小不同,粒子从ac和bc上不同点离开磁场.不计粒子重力,则A. 所有从ac边离开的粒子在磁场中运动时间相同B. 所有从bc边离开的粒子在磁场中运动时间相同C. 从bc边中点离开的粒子比从ac边中点离开的粒子在磁场中运动时间长D. 从bc边离开的粒子在磁场中运动时间越长则它在磁场中的运动轨迹也越长三、填空题(本大题共1小题,共5.0分)9.空气压缩机在一次压缩过程中,活塞对汽缸中的气体做功为2.0×105J,同时气体的内能增加了1.5×105J。