英国文学

I choose the relevant match form from column B for each item in column A. (作品与作家作品与主要人物) 15%II complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to the textbook 5%III provide a brief definition for each of the following terms (专业定义) 20%IV interpretation （read the selections and then answer the question）20%V give a brief answer to each of the questions (2题例如古典主义的含义)) 20% VI writes a comment on one of the following literary works 20%I Thomas Gray----《Elegy Written in a country churchyard》William Crabbe----《The Task》James Thompson----《The village》Edward Young----《Night thoughts》William Collins----《To Simplicity》《The Passions》《To evening》Thomas as Percy----《Religues of Ancient English Poetry》James Macpherson----《Fungal》Thomas Chatterton----《The Rowley Papers》Blake----《Poetical sketches》《Songs of Innocence》《Songs of Experience》《The Marriage of Heaven Hell》《Prophecies》《The French Revolution》《Visions of the Daughters of Albion and America》III 1.the Spenserian stanza------The Spenserian stanza is a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene. Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter.2.The Shakespearean sonnet------- Sonnet means "little song" and consists of 14 lines set to a specific rhyme scheme. A Shakespearean sonnet is set to iambic pentameter. It has three four line stanzas and a couplet at the end. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets during his time!3.The Popular ballade------4.Blank Verse----- is any verse comprised of unrhymed lines all in the same meter, usually iambic pentameter.5.Alliteration------ the repetition of usually initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words or syllables —called also head rhyme, initial rhyme6.IambicPentameter-----Iambic pentameter is a meter in poetry. It refers to a line consisting of five iambic feet . The word "pentameter" simply means that there are 5 feet in it.7.The Gothic novel----Gothic novel as one branch of the English literature and the father of horror movies origins from The Castle of Otranto(1764). More importantly,it leads habitually with darkness and horror.8.The Heroic Couplet------ A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine.9.The Epic ------- An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation IV Henry Fielding‟s major contributions to English literature.Walter Scott called Henry Fielding the “father of the English novel,”and the phrase still indicates Fielding‟s place in the history of literature. Though not actually the first English novelist, he was the first to approach the genre with a fully worked-out theory of the novel; and in Joseph Andrews, Tom Jones, and Amelia, which a modern critic has called comic epic, epic comedy, and domestic epic, respectively, he had established the tradition of a realism presented in panoramic surveys of contemporary that dominated English fiction until the end of the 19th century.Jane Austen‟s major concern in literaryHer main literary concern is about human beings in the relationships. She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns about human belief and career and salient social events. This is what makes her important in English literature. She has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and her accurate portrayal of human individuals.V the Romantic MovementThe Romantic Movement: The Romantic Movement, also known as Romanticism, began in Western Europe in the later half of the 18th century and remained popular well into the early 19th century. It was considered a change in the thought processes of the time, from reason and science to use of imagination and respect for nature. Romantics expressed their views mainly within the arts; literature, poetry, music and painting. The ideals behind the Romantic Movement were rooted in politics and allowed artists to allow people to consider the world in a different way. The impact of the Romantic Movement allowed people to change the way they were thinking from the more or less pre-determined mindset of a person's role in the world to the consequences of exploiting nature to the expression of a person's imagination as the supreme value one can add to society. The Romantic Movement marked a shift in the use of language.Neo-classicismNeo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classicalstandards of order, balance and harmony in literature. John Dryden was the first person who started the movement at the end of the 17th century, while Alexander Pope brought it to its culmination.The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment: the enlightenment was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century. It was an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They thought the chief means for bettering the society was “enlightenment” or “education” for the people. The English enlighteners were bourgeois democratic thinkers. They set no revolutionary aim before them and what they strove for was to bring it to an end by clearing away the feudal ideals with the bourgeois ideology.RenaissanceRenaissance: renaissance marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. The word “Renaissance” means rebirth or revival. In essence, it is a historical period in which European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideals in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to lift the restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities. Two features of renaissance: it is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. People learned to admire the Greek and Latin works as models of literary form. It is the keen interest in the activities of humanity. VI Robinson CrusoeThe …ROBINSON CRUSOE‟ has been authored by famous English writer---Defoe. It‟s about dramatis personae Robinson who met a frightful wind while he sailed on the sea. He was the only survival, but he drifted to an uninhabited island. He bravely struggled, industriously worked and combated with barbarians. Robinson lived alone on the island for 28 years. He experienced many difficulties and dangers.He lived on the island for about 30 years without any food, tool or habitation. He must depend by himself. Robinson wasn‟t afraid of hardships, he had the fortitude spirit .He was brave in adventure and was good at labor. He used his head and hands to struggle all the time. I admire his courage very much, because these were not easy, work at all.In fact, we also need the spirit of being undefeatable indefatigableLike Robinson. If we believe in ourselves, never give up and do we best, we must be successful!Jane EyreIt is a novel often considered ahead of its time due to its portrayal of the development of a thinking and passionate young woman who is both individualistic, desiring for a full life, while also highly moral. Jane evolves from her beginnings as a poor and plain woman without captivating charm to her mature stage as a compassionate and confident whole woman. As she matures, she comments much on the complexities of the human condition. Jane also has a deeply pious personal trust in God, but is also highly self-reliant. Although Jane suffers much, she is never portrayed as a damsel in distress who needs rescuing. For this reason, it is sometimes regarded as an important early feminist (or proto-feminist) novel.Pride and prejudiceIn Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen mainly describes the daily life of the Benet. She tells four different marriages to show the reader that different people have different attitudes towards love and marriage and she also tells us that a combination based on love and similarities is a happy and perfect marriage. In her opinion, the money-oriented marriage and sex-oriented marriage are not successful though people can live together. Although the theme of this novel is narrow, Jane Austen shows us with great talent of description a vivid tableau of England people in her own time. Kubla khanKubla Khan is a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, completed in 1797 and published in Christabel, Kubla Khan, and the Pains of Sleep in 1816. According to Coleridge's Preface to Kubla Khan, the poem was composed one night after he experienced an opiuminfluenced dream after reading a work describing Xanadu, the summer palace of the Mongol ruler and Emperor of China Kublai Khan. The poem is one of the most famous poems of the Romantic Period. A manuscript copy is a permanent exhibit at the British Museum.。