cultural_diversity-跨文化交际

More deeply World view (religion) - Spiritual and psychological needs of people (life and death, creation of universe, relationship between humans and nature) - Social aspects of a culture (origin of society and groups within the society, relationship of individuals and groups to one another) Family (gender roles, individualism-collectivism, age, social skills) History (government, community, political system, key historical heroes, geography)
上帝给了每个人一个杯子、一杯粘土， 并且人们从这个杯子里面啜饮人生...他们 都是浸在水里面的，只是他们的杯子不 一样而已 ----本尼迪克特
Why is one culture different from another?
On the surface Perception (how we sense the world) Belief (what we believe as true) Value (a system of criteria known as rules and guideposts)
America—individualism
Japan—collectivism
例子： 例子： 一个德国人，一个美国人， 一个德国人，一个美国人，一个日本人到 同一家餐厅，都点了一个汉堡， 同一家餐厅，都点了一个汉堡，结果由于 厨师的疏忽把三个汉堡中的肉都烤糊了， 厨师的疏忽把三个汉堡中的肉都烤糊了， 三个人会对此说什么？ 问，三个人会对此说什么？ 德国人会直接批判这个糊了的肉， 德国人会直接批判这个糊了的肉， 批评这个厨师 美国人会说，虽然肉的口味不太好， 美国人会说，虽然肉的口味不太好， 但是面包，沙拉， 但是面包，沙拉，香葱的味道还不错 日本人会说，面包，沙拉，香葱的味道不错。 日本人会说，面包，沙拉，香葱的味道不错。 是啊，至于肉，你自己揣测去吧。 是啊，至于肉，你自己揣测去吧。
Significance of studying cultural diversities
• When we study cultural differences, we mainly refer to the deep structure of culture (below the iceberg) • Although culture is subject to change, the deep structure of a culture is resistant to change. • The comparison and contrast of different cultures help understand one’s own culture and other cultures, which will ultimately enhance the effect of intercultural communication.
Read the following sayings aloud, and think it over: what do they mean to you?
Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart. ---- Confucian saying
Case study: At the negotiating table, differences in this dimension can clearly cause serious conflict. Americans too often expect their Japanese counterparts to make decisions right at the negotiating table, and the Japanese are constantly surprised to find individual members of the American team promoting their own positions, decisions, and ideas, sometimes openly contradicting one another.
Chinese orientation values
1) Human Nature 2) Relationship of Man to Nature 3) Sense of Time Basically good Harmony with nature Past orientation BEING (who you are) Hierarchy
Traditional Festival
Christmas
Easter
Thanksgiving day
Halloween
Thanks~~~
风景迥异的建筑艺术
艾菲尔铁塔（法国） 艾菲尔铁塔（法国）
克里姆林宫（ 克里姆林宫（俄）
比萨斜塔（ 比萨斜塔（意）
凯旋门（法国） 凯旋门（法国）
白金汉宫（ 白金汉宫（英）
风景迥异的建筑艺术
故宫（ 故宫（中）
泰姬陵（印度） 泰姬陵（印度）
雅典—巴特农神庙 雅典 巴特农神庙
白宫（ 白宫（美）
从奥运会体育运动项目看文化
Good morning~~~
Cultural Diversity
Right attitude in this global village We are alike, We are different Appreciate similarities, Accept differences
Warm-up:
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Why is one culture different from another?
What does cultural diversity mean?
Cultural patterns - conditions that contribute to the way in which a people perceive and think about the world - the manner in which they live in that world Some cautions 1. The value of the culture may not be the value of all individuals within that culture. 2. It is useful to visualize each cultural pattern as a point on a continuum rather than one of only two possible responses. 3. The patterns are interrelated with a host of other values and do not operate in isolation. 4. Common cultural patterns must be limited to the dominant culture in each country.
Western values
Mixture of Good and Evil
Humans control Nature
Future orientation
4) Human Activity 5) Social Relationship
Doing (what you are doing)
individual
性相近，习相远 --论语
• One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
---- English proverb
萝卜白菜，各有所爱！ 众口难调！ --中国谚语
• God gave to every people a cup, cup of clay, and from this cup they drank life… They all dipped in the water, but their cups were different. ---- R. Benedict