新编英语教程(第三版)第5册 Unit 1

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Also hit the (right) nail on the head: (informal) be exactly right in words or action 正中要害；猜中；说得好，做得好 E.g. : Your criticism really hit the nail on the head. 你的批评确是一针见血。 In so saying, you hit the right nail on the head. 你这样说确是击中要害。
I. Library Work

2. Hindi（印地语）is a literary and official language of northern India. Swahili（斯瓦 希里语）is a Bantu（班图) language that is a trade and governmental language over much of East Africa and in the Congo region. Bantus are people belonging to a group of tribes found in equatorial and southern Africa.

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Question 1: What does the word “this” in Sentence 1 refer to? Question 2: What does “le mot juste” mean? scrupulous writers: writers who are thorough, exact, and who pay careful attention to details 一丝不苟的作家

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scrupulous: correct even in the smallest detail; exact; painstaking; meticulous 严 格认真的, 审慎的 scruple: a measure of weight used for medicines, equal to 1.3 grams 吩
Unit One
TEXT I Hit the Nail on the Head
I.

Library Work
1. 1) Gustave Flaubert (1821 – 1880), French novelist, was associated with, though not representative of, the movement of naturalism and known as one of the greatest realists of 19th-century France. He devoted his life to long hours spent in heavy toil over his work. His

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knock over: hit … to fall 捶翻 drive something home: force (the nail) into the right place; make something unmistakably clear 把（钉子等）打入；使 明确无误 home: to the point aimed at
翰明白我们钱确实不够。

deft: effortlessly skillful 熟练的
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hit it squarely on the head: hit it directly on the head. squarely: meaning “directly”, may be used both literally and figuratively. E.g. : The boxer hit his opponent squarely on the jaw. We must face the difficulty squarely.
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To drive home his policy, the president wrote his second letter.总统为了阐明自己
的政策，又写了第二封信。

You must drive it home to John that we don’t have enough money. 你必须使约

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a word that is more or less right: a word that is almost right, but not completely right 差不多恰当的词语 clean English: English that is exact (precise) and clear

II. Organization of the Text
3. Stylistic differences between synonyms (Paragraph 9) 4. The abundance of specific words in English for general notions (Paragraph 10)

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concept vs. conception: A concept is an idea of a category or kind that has been generalized from particular instances. Thus, the concept of “cat” arises from the many cats we see. Concept also refers to a widely held idea of what something is or should be:
I. Library Work

writing is marked by exactness and accuracy of observation, extreme impersonality and objectivity of treatment, and precision and expressiveness in style, or the principle of the mot juste.

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Question 1: What gives a link between Paragraphs 2 and 3? By means of content or a cohesive device? Question 2: What is the significance of finding the right words? that constitutes his limitation: that makes or forms his shortcoming or inability in certain respects
I. Library Work

2) Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in Sheridan’s comedy The Rivals (1775). She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. “As headstrong（不受管束的） as an allegory（比方； 寓言） (alligator) on the banks of the Nile” is one of her grotesque（荒唐的） misapplications. She also requests that no delusions（欺骗;迷惑）(allusions) to the past be made. She has given us the word malapropism（用词错误，尤指误用发音相似而意 义全非的词）as a name for such mistakes.

II. Organization of the Text

III. Conclusion (Paragraph 11): the importance of a good control and command over known words (A good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head. )
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Also by hook or (by) crook. E.g.: to win by hook or crook the process of realization: the process of becoming aware of what one thinks and feels
II. Organization of the Text
I. Introduction (Paragraphs 1-3) 1. An analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words (Paragraph 1) 2. The significance of finding the right words (Paragraphs 2-3)

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E.g. He slammed the door and drove the bolt home. 他砰地关上门，把门闩插好。 drive one’s point home 讲清楚自己的观

点

a voice that drives home each word 字
字清晰的说话声

II. Organization of the Text
II. Presentation of evidence (Paragraphs 4-10) 1. Semantic differences between words having the same root (Paragraphs 4-7) 2. Wrong choice of words caused by failure to recognize their connotations (Paragraph 8)
III. Key Points of the Text
Paragraph 1 Question 1: Which phrase in this paragraph marks a contrast between a clumsy man and a skillful carpenter? Question 2: Which sentence in this paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?

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unscrupulous: the opposite of scrupulous, seems to be more often used to describe people who do not care about honesty and fairness in getting what they want, or who are completely without principles 不择手段的, 肆无忌惮 的