北京16大景点中英文对照

1.故宫

故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km，景山南门对面。故宫外围是一条护城河，河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙，城墙四面都有门，南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门；城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼，造型别致，玲珑剔透。

故宫大体可分为两部分，南为工作区，即外朝；北为生活区，即内廷。其所有建筑排列在中轴线上，东西对称。在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园，是皇室人员游玩之所。

现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览，收藏有大量古代艺术珍品，是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。

1. The Imperial Palace

The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, is located in the center of Beijing City, 1 km north from the Tiananmen Square, right opposite the south gate of Jingshan Mountain. Outside the Imperial Palace lies a moat, on the inner side of which there’s the city wall whose perimeter is 3 km with a height of nearly 10 meters. The wall has one gate on each side: the Meridian Gate to the south, the Shenwu Gate to the north, the Donghua Gate to the east and the Xihua Gate to the west; besides, there’re four exquisitely carved unique turrets standing at each corner of the wall.

The Forbidden City can be roughly divided into two parts: the southern part, the working area, is called “the outer court” and the northern part, the living area, is regarded as “the imperial palace”. All the constructions of the Imperial Palace are arranged orderly on the central axis with east-west symmetry. To the north of the living area is the small but unique Imperial Garden where the royal family amuse themselves.

Nowadays, some palaces in the Forbidden City have been equipped with comprehensive exhibitions where abundant ancient art treasures are collected. The National Palace Museum is the museum that collects the most cultural relics in China.

2.天坛公园

天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门——圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门（也称天坛门）。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。

2. The Temple of Heaven

Located in southern Beijing City, the Temple of Heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties worshiped Heaven and prayed for bumper crops. The Temple of Heaven is comprised of the Circular Mound Altar and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, and there’re two walls, the inner one and the outer one, surrounding the Temple of Heaven. With north wall being circular and the south one square as it intersects with the east and west walls at right angles, they’re given the name “the Heaven and Earth Walls”, representing Hea ven and Earth, for in ancient China, people believed that Heaven was round and Earth was square. There is no gate at the east, south and north side of the outer wall and the only two gates are at the

west side, which are the Circular Mound Altar Gate and the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests Gate, also known as the Tiantan Gate. While, the inner wall is surrounded by four gates, each one at each side. Inside the temple are the altar and the Hall of Abstinence, and they are separated by a cross wall trending east-west, to the south of which is the Circular Mound Altar and to the north is the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.

3.颐和园

颐和园坐落于北京西郊，是中国古典园林之首，总面积约290公顷，由万寿山和昆明湖组成。全园分3个区域：以仁寿殿为中心的政治活动区；以玉澜堂、乐寿堂为主体的帝后生活区；以万寿山和昆明湖组成的风景旅游区。

3. The Summer Palace

Located in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace which is regarded as the most typical Chinese classical garden is composed by the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake, covering a total area of about 290 hectares. The whole palace is mainly divided into 3 areas: the political activities area with the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity as the center; the royal living area, the Hall of Jade Ripples and the Hall of Happiness and Longevity; the scenic area which consists of the Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake.

4.圆明园

圆明园坐落在北京西郊，毗邻颐和园，由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，是清朝帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑。圆明园不仅以园林著称，而且也是一座收藏丰富的皇家博物馆，园内各殿堂内陈列有许多国内外稀世文物，园中文源阁是全国四大皇家藏书楼之一，藏有《四库全书》、《古今图书集成》、《四库全书荟要》等珍贵图书文物。不幸的是，这一世界名园在19世纪末期惨遭英法联军的劫掠和焚毁，以后又经历了无数次毁灭和劫掠，最终沦为一片废墟。

4. The Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden

Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing and adjoining the Summer Palace, the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden, comprised by Yuanming, Changchun and Yichun Gardens, is a large royal garden constructed and operated by the emperors of Qing Dynasty within more than 150 years since emperor Kangxi came to power. Not only is the Yuanmingyuan Imperial Garden famous for its gardens, it’s also a royal museum that has a rich collection of rare cultural relics of home and abroad. As one of the four royal libraries across the nation, the Wenyuan Chamber, also known as the Imperial Library, collects many precious books, e.g. The Si Ku Quan Shu, Collection of Ancient and Modern Books, the Si Ku Quan Shu Abstract. However, unfortunately, after the Anglo-French Allied Force plundered and burned down the garden in late 20th century and numerous destructions by other invaders, this world-famous garden was reduced to nothing but ruins.

5.鼓楼、钟楼

鼓楼位于北京市中轴线上的地安门外大街，与钟楼一起在元、明、清时为北京全城报时中心，1990年起，鼓楼和钟楼在每年除夕和正月初一时恢复鸣钟击鼓。站在鼓楼上可以看到整个后海及地安门大街的热闹繁华，登上钟楼向北可见北京的中轴线沿线建筑，天气晴朗的时候可以望到远处的鸟巢及水立方。鼓楼和钟楼的东西两侧则是保存完整的胡同区，可以看到整齐的院落及天空中带着鸣哨的鸽