动态和静态动词

（一）系动词：

作为始动性动词用的系动词有get，become，come，go，grow，turn，run，wear，fall等，其特点是后面可跟形容词。这类动词可用于一般时态、进行时态和完成时态。最常用的始动性动词是get，其含义等于become／come to be／begin to be。这个词的意思是最平淡而不带任何感情色彩的，多用于口语中，例如：

95）a．John has got tired．

b．John is now tired．

（约翰现在疲倦了。）

96）a．Everybody in the village has got up．

b．Everybody in the village is up now．

（村里所有的人都已起床了。）

97）a．Has Jane got up yet？

b．Is Jane up yet？

（珍妮起床了吗？）

98）a．He often gets quarrelsome when he's been drinking．

b．He often becomes quarrelsome when he's been drinking．

（当他喝上几杯时，他常常变得爱吵架。）

99）a．Does she often get ill？

b．Does she often fall ill？

（她经常生病吗？）

get比其它始动性动词更多应用于进行时态，表示一种过渡的、变化的过程，例如：

100）a．It's getting dark．

b．It's becoming dark．

c．It's growing dark．

（天渐渐黑了下来。）

101）a．It's getting near tea-time．

b．It's approaching tea－time．

c．Tea－time is getting near．

d．Tea－time is approaching．

（快到吃茶点的时间了。）

102）a．Eggs are getting scarcer．

b．There are fewer and fewer eggs avail－able．

（鸡蛋越来越缺了。）

如果be getting to的主语是有生命的，其含义相当于be becoming，例如：

103）a．He's getting to be quite a good violinist．

b．He's becoming quite a good violinist．

（他正成为一名相当出色的小提琴手。）

104）a．We're all getting older．

b．We're all becoming older．

c．We're all growing older．

（我们都增添年岁了。）

105）a．The children are getting to like swimming in the river．

b．The children are becoming fond of swimming in the river．

（孩子们逐渐变得爱在河里游泳。）

动词词组 get to be=become；get to know＝learn，用于一般时态，表示达到变化或认识过程的最后阶段，例如：

106）a．We got to be friends．

b．We became friends．

（我们成了朋友。）

107）a．John got to be my best friend．

b．John became my best friend．

（约翰成为我最好的朋友。）

108）a．He soon got to know the wisdom of be－ing patient．

b．He soon learnt the wisdom of being patient．

（他很快懂得忍耐是明智的。）

表示“抵达”概念的get也具有始动性，词组 get to a place＝ come to be in a place，例如：

109）a．He has got to Paris．

b．He is now in Paris．

（他已经到达巴黎。／他现在巴黎。）

110）a．He hasn't got home yet．

b．He isn't home yet．

（他还没有回家。）

get组成的其它词组也有始动性，例如：

111）a．They got to words and then to blows．

b．They began arguing and then fighting．

（他们开始争吵，接着就打起来。）

112）a．You must get rid of this bad habit．

b．You mustn't keep up this bad habit．

c．You can't keep up this bad habit．

（你必须根除这个恶习。／你决不可再保留这个恶习。）

become也是一个常用的系动词，后跟形容词，其含义等于come to be／begin to be，例如：

113）a．How did you become acquainted with the man？

b．How did you get acquainted with the man？

（你是怎么样同这个人认识的？）

114）a．She became suspicious of the man．

b．She grew suspicious of the man．

c．The man looked more and more suspicious to her．

（她对这个人越来越怀疑。）

115）a．She soon became accustomed to the climate．

b．She soon got accustomed to the climate．

（她不久就适应了这种气候。）

116）a．The work is becoming more interesting to us．

b．we're becoming more interested in the work．

（我们对这个工作越来越有兴趣。）

117）a．The girl became pale and thin．

b．The girl grew pale and thin．

（这个女孩变得苍白而瘦削。）

118）a．When it became dark， he reached home．

b．When it got dark，he reached home．

c．When it grew dark，he reached home．

d．When it fell dark，he reached home．

（天入黑时他到家了。）

119）a．His mind is becoming unhinged．