北美新托福入学测试题(中上水平)
托福培训考试题库及答案
托福培训考试题库及答案托福（Test of English as a Foreign Language，简称TOEFL）是一项测试非英语母语者英语能力的标准化考试，广泛用于申请英语国家的大学和专业机构。
以下是一些托福培训考试题库及答案，供考生练习使用：听力部分1. 听一段关于生物学讲座的录音，然后回答以下问题：- 讲座的主题是什么？- 教授提到了哪些关键的生物学概念？- 学生在讲座中提出了哪些问题？答案：- 讲座的主题是细胞分裂的过程。
- 教授提到了有丝分裂和减数分裂两个关键概念。
- 学生询问了细胞周期的不同阶段及其功能。
2. 听一段校园广播，然后回答以下问题：- 广播中提到了哪些校园活动？- 活动的时间和地点是什么？- 广播中是否提到了参与活动的要求？答案：- 广播中提到了国际文化节和环保讲座。
- 国际文化节将在下周六在学生中心举行，环保讲座将在下周三在图书馆报告厅举行。
- 广播中提到参与国际文化节需要提前注册，环保讲座则无需注册。
阅读部分1. 阅读一篇关于气候变化的文章，然后回答以下问题：- 文章的主要论点是什么？- 作者提供了哪些证据来支持其观点？- 文章提出了哪些解决方案？答案：- 文章的主要论点是气候变化对全球环境和经济的严重影响。
- 作者提供了科学研究数据、历史气候记录和专家意见作为证据。
- 文章提出了减少温室气体排放、发展可再生能源和国际合作等解决方案。
2. 阅读一篇关于历史事件的短文，然后回答以下问题：- 短文描述了哪个历史事件？- 事件的主要原因和结果是什么？- 作者对事件的评价是什么？答案：- 短文描述了法国大革命。
- 事件的主要原因是社会不平等和经济危机，结果是推翻了君主制并建立了共和国。
- 作者认为法国大革命是一次重要的社会和政治变革，但同时也指出了其带来的暴力和混乱。
口语部分1. 描述你最喜欢的季节，并解释为什么。
- 我最喜欢的季节是秋天。
秋天的天气凉爽宜人，树叶的颜色变化丰富多彩，给人一种宁静和收获的感觉。
新托福iBT口语黄金80题(附答案)
新托福iBT口语黄金80题(附答案)1.我认为对我最有用的一本书是《如何阅读一本书》。
这本书教我如何更好地理解和分析文本，提高我的阅读能力和思维能力。
它还教我如何在阅读中找到自己的兴趣和目标。
2.我认为电视在现代社会中有正面作用。
电视可以提供信息和娱乐，让人们更加了解世界和不同的文化。
此外，电视也可以帮助人们放松身心，缓解压力。
3.我人生中做出的最重要的决定是选择去留学。
这个决定改变了我的生活轨迹，让我有机会接触不同的文化和思想，提高我的职业能力和人际关系。
4.我认为高中应该教授音乐和艺术作为其他基础科学的一部分。
音乐和艺术可以提高学生的创造力和想象力，同时也可以提高学生的审美能力和文化素养。
5.我通常会利用空闲时间阅读、锻炼身体或者与朋友聚会。
这些活动可以让我放松身心，同时也可以提高我的知识和社交能力。
6.在某些地方禁止使用手机是有必要的。
例如在电影院、图书馆和公共交通工具上，使用手机会干扰他人的休息和工作。
7.我印象深刻的一个庆典是我参加的毕业典礼。
在那个仪式上，我感受到了自己的成长和进步，同时也感谢了家人和老师的支持和帮助。
8.对我来说，老师对我影响最大。
老师不仅教我知识，还教我如何成为一个有价值的人，如何与他人相处，如何解决问题。
9.在我的文化中，春节是一个重要的社交和庆祝活动。
在这个节日里，人们会拜访亲戚和朋友，分享美食和礼物，同时也会进行传统的文化活动和表演。
10.我认为政府应该资助建立博物馆和剧院。
这些场所不仅可以提供文化和艺术教育，还可以促进旅游业和经济发展。
11.我最喜欢我所居住的城市的公园。
这个公园环境优美，设施完备，可以让我放松身心，同时也可以锻炼身体。
12.我喜欢和朋友一起去咖啡厅。
这个地方可以让我们放松身心，聊天交流，同时也可以享受美食和咖啡。
13.我喜欢在家里吃饭。
在家里可以自由选择菜单和烹饪方式，同时也可以享受舒适和私密的氛围。
14.我通常喜欢去公园或者河边。
这些地方可以让我享受自然风光，放松身心，同时也可以参加各种户外活动和运动。
托福入学考试题
新托福入学测试题READING:NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 13TIME ALLOWED: 40 minutesBASIC WRITING:Instructions●Choose only one of the most appropriate phrases or translations based on the Chinesemeaning given.●All the questions should be finished within 10 minutes.●Any use of dictionary is not permitted.Part 11.Unrestrained development of tourism ________________________________________.旅游业的无限制发展破坏生态平衡。
A.breaks the ecological balanceB.destroys the environmental balanceC.diminishes the biological balance2.Museums give people _______________________________________.博物馆给人们民族自豪感和归属感。
A. a feeling of national proud and embracingB. a sense of national pride and belongingC. a spirit of national proud and belonging3.The Internet enables us to ___________________________ the latest information worldwide.互联网使我们很容易接触到全世界最新的资讯。
A.have an easy access toB.touch easilyC.conveniently get to know4.Cloning is ___________________________.克隆技术是违背自然和不道德的。
新托福考试题库及答案
新托福考试题库及答案1. 阅读部分1.1 阅读材料一：《城市化进程中的问题》根据所提供的阅读材料，回答以下问题：1.1.1 文章中提到的城市化进程中遇到的主要问题是什么？1.1.2 作者提出了哪些解决方案来应对这些问题？1.2 阅读材料二：《气候变化对生态系统的影响》根据所提供的阅读材料，回答以下问题：1.2.1 气候变化如何影响生态系统？1.2.2 文章中提到的具体案例有哪些？2. 听力部分2.1 听力材料一：《大学讲座：心理学》根据所听到的讲座内容，回答以下问题：2.1.1 讲座中教授提到了哪些心理学理论？2.1.2 这些理论如何应用于日常生活中？2.2 听力材料二：《校园对话：图书馆服务》根据所听到的对话内容，回答以下问题：2.2.1 对话中提到了哪些图书馆服务？2.2.2 学生对这些服务有何反馈？3. 口语部分3.1 口语任务一：描述一个你曾经遇到的挑战，并解释你是如何克服它的。
请在45秒内完成回答。
3.2 口语任务二：讨论一个你认为重要的社会问题，并给出你的观点。
请在60秒内完成回答。
4. 写作部分4.1 独立写作：你是否同意以下观点？“在线教育比传统课堂教育更有效。
”请给出你的理由。
请在30分钟内完成一篇至少300字的文章。
4.2 综合写作：阅读一篇关于“远程工作利弊”的文章，然后听一段反驳该文章观点的讲座。
请总结文章和讲座的主要观点，并给出你的看法。
请在20分钟内完成一篇至少150字的文章。
答案：1. 阅读部分1.1.1 城市化进程中遇到的主要问题包括交通拥堵、环境污染和住房短缺。
1.1.2 作者提出的解决方案包括发展公共交通、推广绿色能源和建设经济适用房。
1.2.1 气候变化影响生态系统的方式包括温度升高导致物种分布变化和极端天气事件频发。
1.2.2 文章中提到的具体案例包括北极熊因冰川融化而失去栖息地和珊瑚礁因海水温度升高而白化。
2. 听力部分2.1.1 讲座中教授提到了行为主义、认知主义和精神分析理论。
新托福测试题及答案
新托福测试题及答案一、听力部分1. 听力对话A. 学生与教授讨论课程内容。
B. 图书管理员与学生讨论图书借阅。
2. 听力讲座A. 教授关于环境保护的讲座。
B. 学生介绍一个科学实验。
二、阅读部分1. 阅读文章A. 描述一个历史事件。
B. 讨论一种文化现象。
2. 问题与选项A. 根据文章A，以下哪项是事件的主要原因？a) 经济因素b) 社会因素c) 政治因素d) 自然因素B. 文章B中提到的文化现象主要影响了哪个群体？a) 年轻人b) 中年人c) 老年人d) 全社会三、口语部分1. 独立口语任务A. 描述一个你曾经克服的困难。
2. 综合口语任务A. 根据听力对话和阅读文章，讨论学生如何解决遇到的问题。
四、写作部分1. 综合写作任务A. 阅读一篇文章，然后听一个相关的讲座，最后写一篇文章总结两者的主要观点和论据。
2. 独立写作任务A. 你同意以下观点吗？“教育是个人成功的关键因素”。
请给出你的理由和例子。
五、答案1. 听力部分A. 正确答案：教授建议学生阅读额外的资料来加深理解。
B. 正确答案：学生需要在一周内归还图书。
2. 阅读部分A. 正确答案：b) 社会因素B. 正确答案：a) 年轻人3. 口语部分独立口语任务答案示例：我克服的困难是学习新语言。
起初，我感到非常困难，但通过不断练习和使用语言，我最终提高了我的语言技能。
综合口语任务答案示例：学生可以通过与教授讨论问题，寻求同学的帮助，或者利用图书馆资源来解决遇到的问题。
4. 写作部分综合写作任务答案示例：文章和讲座都认为环境保护很重要，但文章强调政府的作用，而讲座强调个人的责任。
独立写作任务答案示例：我同意教育是个人成功的关键因素。
教育不仅提供了知识和技能，还培养了解决问题的能力，这对于个人的职业发展至关重要。
请注意：以上内容为示例，实际测试题和答案可能会有所不同。
托福入学测试
TOEFL ibt 测试卷R测试时间：测评教师：学生姓名：测评地点：学员成绩：/120Time: 60 minutesScore: READING SECTION DIRECTIONSThe reading section measures your ability to read and understand passages in English. For most questions, you will choose the one best answer of four possible answers. You have 20 minutes to read the passage and answer all of the questions.Reading 1 “Layers of Social Class”Taken together, income, occupation, and education are good measures of people’s social standing. Using a layered model of stratification, most sociologists describe the class system in the United States as divided into several classes: upper, upper middle, lower middle, and lower class. Each class is defined by characteristics such as income, occupational prestige, and educational attainment. The different groups are arrayed along a continuum with those with the most money, education, and prestige at the top and those with the least at the bottom.In the United States, the upper class owns the major share of corporate and personal wealth; it includes those who have held wealth for generations as well as those who have recently become rich. Only a very small proportion of people actually constitute the upper class, but they control vast amounts of wealth and power in the United States. They exercise enormous control throughout society. Most of their wealth is inherited.→Despite social myths to the contrary, the best predictor of future wealth is the family into which you are born. Each year, the business magazine Forbes publishes a list of the “Forbes 400”– the four hundred wealthiest families and individuals in the country. Of all the wealth represented on the Forbes 400 list, more than half is inherited. Those on the list who could be called “self-made”were not typically of modest origins; most inherited significant assets (Forbes, 1997; Sklar and Collins, 1997). Those in the upper class with newly acquired wealth are known as the nouveau riche. Although they may have vast amounts of money, they are often not accepted into “old rich” circles.→The upper middle class includes those with high incomes and high social prestige. They tend to be well-educated professionals or business executives. Their earningscan be quite high indeed-successful business executives can earn millions of dollars a year. It is difficult to estimate exactly how many people fall into this group because of the difficulty of drawing lines between the upper, upper middle, and middle class. Indeed, the upper middle class is often thought of as “middle class”because their lifestyle sets the standard to which many aspire, but this lifestyle is simply beyond the means of a majority of people in the United States.→The middle class is hard to define; in part, being “middle class” is more than just economic position. By far the majority of Americans identify themselves as middle class even though they vary widely in lifestyle and in resources at their disposal. But the idea that the United States is an open-class system leads many to think that the majority have a middle-class lifestyle because, in general, people ten not to want to recognize class distinctions in the United States. Thus, the middle class becomes the ubiquitous norm even though many who call themselves middle class have tenuous hold on this class position.In the hierarchy of social class, the lower middle class include workers in the skilled trades and low-income bureaucratic workers, many of whom may actually define themselves as middle class. Examples are blue-collar workers (those in skilled trades who do manual labor) and many service workers, such as secretaries, hairdressers, waitresses, police, and firefighters. Medium to low income, education, and occupational prestige define the lower middle class relative to the class groups above it. The term “lower” in this class designation refers to the relative position of the group in the stratification system, but it has a pejorative sound to many people, especially to people who are members of this class.→The lower class is composed primarily of the displaced and poor. People in this class have little formal education and are often unemployed or working in minimum-wage jobs. [A] Forty percent of the poor work; 10 percent work year-roundAnd full time –a proportion that has generally increased over time. Recently, the concept of the underclass has been added to the lower class. [B] The underclass includes those who have been left behind by contemporary economic developments.[C] Rejected from the economic system, those in the underclass may become dependent on public assistance or illegal activities. [D]1. The word those in the passage refers to BA)characteristicsB)groupsC)classesD)continuum2. The word enormous in the passage is closest in meaning to AA) very largeB) very newC)very earlyD)very good3.Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlightedstatement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information. AA)Although it is not generally accepted, your family provides the bestprediction of your future wealth.B)You can achieve great future wealth in spite of the family in which you mayhave been born.C)It is not true that your family will restrict the acquisition of your futurewealth and level of social status.D)Social myths are contrary to the facts about the future wealth and socialstatus of your family.4.Why does the author mention the “Forbes 400” in paragraph 3? BA)To explain the meaning of the listing that appears every yearB)To support the statement that most wealthy people inherit their moneyC)To cast doubt on the claim that family income predicts individual wealthD)To give examples of successful people who have modest family connectionsParagraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]5.In paragraph 4, the author states that business and professional people witheducational advantages are most often members of the BA)lower middle classB)upper middle classC)nouveau richeD)upper classParagraph 4 is marked with an arrow [→]6.The word primarily in the passage is closest in meaning to AA)mostlyB)somewhatC)finallyD)always7.The word contemporary in the passage is closest in meaning to BA)unexpectedB)modernC)strategicD)reliable8.According to paragraph 5, why do most people identify themselves as middleclass in the United States? DA)They have about the same lifestyle as everyone else in the country.B)They prefer not to admit that there are class distinctions in the United States.C)They don’t really know how to define their status because it is unclear.D)They identify themselves with the majority who have normal lifestyles.Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]9. What can be inferred about poor people in the United States? BA) They are not able to find entry-level jobsB) They work in jobs that require little education.C) They are service workers and manual laborers.D) They do not try to find employment.10. According to paragraph 7,why has the underclass emerged? BA) The new term was necessary because the lower class enjoyed a higherlifestyle than it had previously.B) The increase in crime has supported a new class of people who live byengaging in illegal activities.C) Changes in the economy have caused an entire class of people to survive bywelfare or crime.D) Minimum-wage jobs no longer support a class of people at a standard levelin the economic system.Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→]11. All of the following are indicators of prestige in the United States EXCEPT DA) the level of education that a person has achievedB) the amount of money that an individual has acquiredC) the type of employment that someone pursuesD) the hard work that a person does on a consistent basis12. Look at the four squares [■] that show where the following sentence could beinserted in the passage.The working poor constitute a large portion of those who are poor.Where could the sentence best be added? AClick on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.13.Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage.This question is worth 2 points.The levels of education, the acquisition of wealth, and occupational prestige determine social status in the United States.●●●Answer Choices[A] People who have made their money more recently tend not to be accepted bythose who have inherited their wealth from family holdings.[B] The lower class includes working people with low incomes and a new underclassof people who are dependent on welfare or engage in crime.[C] The upper class tends to acquire wealth through inheritance, whereas the uppermiddle class has a high income that they earn in their professions.[D] Although the lifestyle of the upper middle class is the goal for the majority, it isdifficult for many people to maintain this standard of living.[E] Most people identify themselves as middle class, including blue-collar workersand service workers as well as bureaucratic employees.[F] It is still possible to move from one social class to another in the United States byworking your way up the ladder in a corporate environment.cafReading 2 “THE ART OF THEATRE”The means by which an art form presents its message is referred to as the medium. Thus, sound produced by instruments or human voices is the medium of music. Paint on canvas or paper is the medium of painting. For literature, the medium is written language. For theatre, it is a story performed by actors on a stage.Drama is sometimes seen as a branch of literature because plays, like literature, are often printed in book form. However, there is an important difference between the two forms. Unlike a novel, a play is written to be performed, and the script of a play is not a finished work; it is an outline for a performance. The physical production of the play—the scenery, lighting, and costumes—will affect the performance, and so will the actors. How the actors interpret their roles greatly influences the play’s effect on the audience.The basic encounter in theatre is between the performers and the audience. This is a special type of encounter because the performers are playing other people, characters. Moreover, the characters are part of a human story that has been written by a dramatist. This combination of elements distinguishes theatre from other art forms.Theatre has several other distinctive characteristics. First, the subject matter of theatre is always human beings. Second, theatre is universal—there is an impulse toward creating theatre in all societies. Third, theatre is transitory in nature—a play is an event that occurs through time. Finally, theatre is set apart by its basic elements: audience, performers, director, dramatist, purpose, viewpoint, and setting.Human beings and human concerns are always the subject matter of drama, even when the performers play animals, object, or abstract ideas. In the medieval playEveryman, some of the roles are abstract ideas such as Beauty, Knowledge, and Strength. The central character is Everyman, a human character, and the subject is death arriving before we want it to come—a theme that is universal to humans. The focus of drama is on human beings, even though different human concerns have been emphasized in different plays.In view of the human—centered quality of theatre, it is not surprising that the impulse toward theatre is universal. The urge to create drama has existed wherever human society has developed: in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. In every culture recorded in history or studied by anthropologists, we find rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations that include elements of theatre. At various times, these ceremonies and stories developed into a separate realm of theatre. In Greece, a fully developed theatre emerged almost 2,500 years ago. In India, theatre became well-established around 2,000 years ago. Wherever theatre has become a separate art form, it has had certain essential qualities: a story—the play—is presented by one group—the performers—to another group—the audience.One special quality of a theatre performance is its immediacy. In the theatre, we live in the perpetual present tense. Theatre is a transitory art. A performance changes from moment to moment, and each moment is a direct, immediate adventure for the audience. The transitory nature of theatre is a quality it shares with music and dance, and sets it apart from literature and the visual arts. A novel or a painting is a fixed object; it exists as a finished product. The performing art, on the other hand, are not objects but events. Theatre occurs through time; it is an experience created by a series of sights, sounds, and impressions.14. How does the art of theatre convey its message? CA) An instrument or voice produces sound.B) A camera converts light to images on film.C)People perform a story for another group.D)A person writes a story for others to read.15. The author discusses literature in paragraph 2 in order to illustrate what point?BA)Literature and drama are both written forms of communication.B)Reading a novel and attending a play are different experiences.C）Both novelists and dramatists use an outline to organize ideas.D) Many actors prefer roles from classic works of literature.16.Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. AA) A play’s scenery, lighting, and costumes contribute to the message of the play.B)Theatre is the only art form that mixes more than one medium in a singlework of art.C) A successful dramatist knows how to blend purpose, viewpoint, and themeinto a unique performance.D)Theatre is a distinct art form by the way it joins characters and audience in thetelling of a story.17.Why does the author mention Everyman in paragraph 5?BA)To show that definition of theatre has evolved over timeB)To give an example of a play in which abstract ideas are charactersC)To compare the importance of beauty, knowledge, and strengthD)To illustrate the universal human desire to create theatre18.The word theme in paragraph 5 refers to BA)performers playing animals, objects, or ideasB)death arriving before we want it to comeC)beauty, knowledge, and strengthD)Everyman as a central character19.The word urge in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toCA)moneyB)educationC)motivationD)patience20.The word realm in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toAA)formB)ritualC)scienceD)tool21.Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the development of theatre?CA)In every human society, theatre appeared before other forms of art.B)Theatre could not have developed without the support of political leaders.C)People created theatre as a way to promote peace between rival groups.D)Theatre emerged as a distinct art form at different times around the world.22.The word transitory in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning toDA)temporaryB)beautifulC)surprisingD)expressive23.How is theatre similar to the other performing arts?CA)It is based on works of literature.B)It exits as a finished product.C)It is an event that occurs through time.D)It is presented the same way every time.24.According to the passage, all of the following are true of theatre EXCEPTBA)The impulse toward theatre is universal.B)The medium of theatre is written language.C)Theatre is a distinct form of art.D)The focus of theatre is always human.25.Look at the four squares, [A] [B] [C] and [D], which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Thus, theatre is a shared event, an experience that includes both those who perform and who observe.In view of the human—centered quality of theatre, it is not surprising that the impulse toward theatre is universal. [A] The urge to create drama has existed wherever human society has developed: in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. In every culture recorded in history or studied by anthropologists, we find rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations that include elements of theatre. [B] At various times, these ceremonies and stories developed into a separate realm of theatre. In Greece, a fully developed theatre emerged almost 2,500 years ago. In India, theatre became well-established around 2,000 years ago. [C] Wherever theatre has become a separate art form, it has had certain essential qualities: a story—the play—is presented by one group—the performers—to another group—the audience. [D]D26.An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in this passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.Several qualities distinguish theatre from other forms of art.● A● C● EAnswer ChoicesA)Theatre is a form of literature because we can read plays in books.B)Theatre requires a human story, performers, and an audience.C)An actor must change his voice to play certain characters.D)The tendency toward creating theatre occurs in all human societies.E)Theatre developed as a separate art very early in Greece and India.F)Each theatre performance is an immediate yet transitory experience.Time: 60 minutesScore:LISTENING SECTION DIRECTIONSThe listening section measures your ability to understand conversations and lectures in English. You will hear two conversations and one lecture, each only one time. After each conversation or lecture, you will hear some questions about it. Answer all the questions based on what the speakers state or imply.You may take notes while you listen and use your notes to help you answer the questions. You have approximately 15 minutes to complete this section. Please don’t look at the questions until the conversation or lecture is over.Listening 1 “Professor’s office”1. Why does the man go to see his professor?A) To take a makeup test for a class that he missedB) To explain why he has been absent from classC) To turn in an extra credit project to the professorD) To ask the professor how to bring up his gradeC)Why did Ernie get a low grade on the last test?a)He does not understand the material.b)He is not a very good student.c)He did not have time to finish it.d)He was in a hurry to leave the class.D)What do we know about the test?a)There were 100questions on it.b)It was worth 25 percent of the final grade.c)The test was an extra credit assignment.d)The questions were very difficult.E)Why does the professor say this:a)Because she doesn’t understand what the man wants her to dob)Because she has finished the discussion about the man’s problemc)Because she wants the man to be more specific about his pland)Because she does not want to do what the man suggestsF)What can be inferred about the professor?a)She tries to be fair to all of her students.b)She is not very flexible about her policies.c)She does not have very many students.d)She is not sure what she wants to do.Listening 2 “Anthropology Class”G)Which of the following is the main topic of the lecture?a) A progressive view of agricultureb)The conditions for the development of agriculturec) A comparison of hunter-gatherers and farmersd)The negative effects of agriculture on early farmersH)What are two key characteristics of hunter-gatherers mentioned in the lecture?a)They were taller than farmers.b)They ate less well than farmersc)They lived longer than farmers.d)They were less physically fit than farmers.I)Why does the professor say this:a)To emphasize the point that he has just madeb)To indicate that another point will be madec)To demonstrate that the point is his opiniond)To regain the student’s attention for the next pointJ)How does the professor organize his lecture?a)He contrasts older theories of agriculture with newer ones.b)He makes an argument for the revisionist view of agriculture.c)He defines revisionism by giving examples of early farmers.d)He provides a chronological account of early farmers.10. Which of the following statements best summarizes the position of therevisionists?A) The agricultural revolution affected all human activity.B) The development of agriculture had a positive influence on nutrition.C) Agriculture contributed to the health risks for early farmers.D) Agriculture people had to move from place to place to plant crops.11. In the lecture, the professor describes the relationship between health andagriculture. Indicate whether each of the following is true or false. Click in the correct box for each phrase.YES NOA Epidemics were spread by crowded towns and trade.B Crop failures threatened the entire population.C Wars with invading hunter-gatherers devastated them.D Unbalanced diets contributed to malnutrition.E Hard labor damaged their bones.Listening 3 “Business Class”12.What is the lecture mainly about?A)Commercials on televisionB)Marketing brand-name productsC)A book by Rob FrankelD)Selling Aunt Ruby’s chicken13.Why does the professor say this :A)To emphasize the importance of commercialsB)To correct something that he said earlierC)To identify the time limits for most commercialsD)To relate new information to a previous example14. According to the professor, why do consumers develop brand loyalty?A) They have a relationship with the personality that the product projects.B) They are able to recognize the brand easily when they see it.C) They tend to make decisions based on recommendations by friendsD) They find a product that they like and continue to buy it.15. How does the professor emphasize his point about branding?A) He uses Aunt Ruby’s chicken as an example.B) He defines it by contrasting it with related concepts.C) He refers to a book that he has written.D) He shows a familiar commercial in class.16. Why does the professor mention laundry detergent?A) To give an example of price warsB) To show that consumers buy different brandsC) To name an industry that introduces new brandsD) To explain the concept of brand loyalty17. According to the professor, what would be a good way to sell a product?A) Design a good logo to present the product to the publicB) Hire a celebrity that customers like and relate toC) Make it easy for consumers to recognize the packagingD) Increase the customer service for the productListening 4 “Students on Campus”18. What is the purpose of this conversation?A)The man wants to borrow the woman’s lab notes.B)The woman is helping the man to write a report.C)The man asks the woman to study for their test with him.D)The woman and the man are performing an experiment.19. What is the study about?A) Reaction times for drivers drinking alcohol in comparison with those ofnondrinkersB) The effects of drinking beer as compared with those of drinking gin and tonic.C) The time that it takes to stop a car going 35 miles per hour when the brakes areapplied.D) The problems of riding bicycles on college campuses that have 35mile-per-hour speed limits.20. According to the man, why is it important to mention that the subjects wererandomly selected ?A)The random selection explains why the results were so general.B)This information allows another researcher to repeat the experiment.C)The lab assistant included it in the example that the students received.D)Randomly selected subjects assure researchers of an accurate outcome.21. Why does the woman say this:A)She is not sure about her observation.B)She is insulting the man with this comment.C)She is certain the man agrees with her.D)She is asking for the man’s opinion.22. Which section includes the conclusions?A)DiscussionB)ResultsC)ChartD)IntroductionListening 5 “Biology Class”23. What aspect of blood does the professor mainly discuss?A)An explanation of stem cellsB) A process for blood transfusionC) A method for producing artificial bloodD) A discussion of blood typing24. Why does the student say this:A)She is apologizing for disagreeing with the professor.B)She is interrupting politely to ask a question.C)She is talking to herself during the lecture.D)She is changing the subject of the professor’s talk.25. Why does the professor mention fingerprints?A)To demonstrate that blood types are different for individualsB)To explain how most of the blood tests are performedC)To explain why O blood is considered universalD)To help students remember the different antigens26. In cross matching, how does a compatible match appear under the microscope?A)All of the cells are at an equal distance from each other.B)The arrangement of the cells looks like two parallel lines.C)The cells tend to group together in a large clump.D)The red cells and the plasma separate in an irregular pattern.27. Why does the professor mention artificial blood?A)She is referring to the textbook.B)She is answering a question.C)She is reporting her research.D)She is joking with the students.28. What does the professor imply when she says this :A)She is very uncertain about the risks of the research.B)She is somewhat interested in doing research in this area.C)She is with drawing her support for future research.D)She agrees that research should continue in spite of problems.Listening 6 “Orientation session”29. What is this discussion mainly about?A)Success in collegeB)How to read fasterC)Academic study skillsD)Research on college students30. How does the professor organize the discussion?A)She cites research to support her arguments.B)She gives a demonstration of her theory.C)She debates the issues with her students.D)She shares strategies that she developed.31. Why does the professor mention running?A)To digress from the topic with a personal storyB)To make a comparison between reading and runningC)To show that reading requires physical effortD)To clarify the times two rule32. Why does the professor say this:A)She doesn’t think the point is very important.B)She is trying to finish the lecture on time.C)She thinks the idea will fit in better later on.D)She doesn’t want the student to interrupt her.33. The professor mentions several negative habits. Match these habits to theexplanations. Click on the habit and drag it to the correct explanation.Habit ExplanationPauses that the eye makesReading the same words more than onceMoving your lips while redingA)FixatingB)Auditory readingC)Regressing34. What would the professor probably like the students to do?A)Spend more time studying outside of classB)Use their dictionaries when they are readingC)Take one of her classes at the collegeD)Get help at the Learning Center。
新托福试题及答案
新托福试题及答案1. 阅读部分A. 阅读材料一：《城市化的影响》根据文章内容，回答以下问题。
1.1 文章主要讨论了城市化对环境的哪些影响？1.2 作者提到了哪些措施可以减少这些影响？答案：1.1 文章主要讨论了城市化对环境的影响包括空气污染、水资源短缺和生物多样性的减少。
1.2 作者提到了提高能源效率、推广公共交通和保护绿地等措施可以减少这些影响。
B. 阅读材料二：《古代文明的交流》根据文章内容，回答以下问题。
2.1 文章中提到的古代文明之间有哪些交流方式？2.2 这些交流方式对文明发展有何影响？答案：2.1 文章中提到的古代文明之间的交流方式包括贸易、战争和宗教传播。
2.2 这些交流方式促进了文化和技术的交流，加速了文明的发展。
2. 听力部分A. 听力材料一：《海洋生物的保护》根据听力材料，回答以下问题。
3.1 演讲者提出了哪些保护海洋生物的措施？3.2 演讲者认为哪种措施最有效？答案：3.1 演讲者提出了建立海洋保护区、限制过度捕捞和提高公众意识等措施。
3.2 演讲者认为建立海洋保护区是最有效措施。
B. 听力材料二：《气候变化的影响》根据听力材料，回答以下问题。
4.1 讲座中提到气候变化对农业有哪些影响？4.2 讲座中提到了哪些应对策略？答案：4.1 讲座中提到气候变化导致作物产量下降、病虫害增加和水资源短缺。
4.2 讲座中提到了改进农业技术、种植抗旱作物和建设水利设施等应对策略。
3. 口语部分A. 口语任务一：描述一个你认为对环境最有益的活动。
答案：我认为植树活动对环境最有益。
它不仅能够吸收二氧化碳，减少温室气体排放，还能增加生物多样性，改善空气质量。
B. 口语任务二：讨论你认为的最有效的学习策略。
答案：我认为最有效的学习策略是定期复习和实践。
定期复习可以帮助巩固记忆，而实践则可以加深对知识的理解。
4. 写作部分A. 写作任务一：论述城市化对人类社会的影响。
答案：城市化对人类社会的影响是多方面的。
新托福测试题
新托福测试题阅读1. What is the mainreason that peopledeveloped methods ofrefrigeration?○A They wanted toimprove the flavorand nutritionalvalue of food.○B They needed toslow the naturalprocesses thatcause food to spoil.○C They needed a usefor the ice thatformed on lakesand rivers.○D They wanted toexpand theproduction ofcertain industries.2. The word perishablein paragraph 1 isclosest in meaning to○A capable of spoiling○B uncooked○C of animal origin○D highly nutritious 3. What can be inferredfrom paragraph 1about cold storagebefore the invention ofartificialrefrigeration?○A It kept food coldfor only about aweek.○B It was dependenton a source of iceor snow.○C It required acontainer made ofmetal or wood.○D It was not a safemethod ofpreserving meat. 4. Artificial refrigerationinvolves all of thefollowing processesEXCEPT○A the pumping ofwater vaporthrough a pipe○B the rapidexpansion ofcertain gases○C the evaporation ofa volatile liquid○D the transfer of heatfrom one place toanother5. Which sentence belowbest expresses theessential informationin the highlightedsentence in paragraph2? Incorrect choiceschange the meaning inimportant ways orleave out essentialinformation.○A It takes a lot ofenergy totransform a liquidinto a vapor,especially when thevapor loses heat.○B Some gases expandrapidly and give offenergy when theyencounter a verycoldTHE DEVELOPMENT OF REFRIGERATION Cold storage, or refrigeration, is keeping food at temperatures between 32 and 45 degrees F in order to delay the growth of microorganisms—bacteria , molds, and veast—that cause food to spoil. Refrigeration produces few changes in food, so meats, fish, eggs, milk, fruits, and vegetables keep their original flavor, color, and nutrition. Before artificial refrigeration was invented, people stored perishable food with ice or snow to lengthen its storage time. Preserving food by keeping it in an ice—filled pit is a 4,000-year-old art. Cold storage areas were built in basements, cellars, or caves, lined with wood or straw, and packed with ice. The ice was transported from mountains, or harvested from local lakes or rivers, and delivered in large blocks to homes and businesses.Artificial refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance, container, or enclosed area, to lower its temperature. The heat is moved from the inside of the container to the outside. A refrigerator uses the evaporation of a volatile liquid, or refrigerant, to absorb heat. In most types of refrigerators, the refrigerant is compressed, pumped through a pipe, and allowed to vaporize. As the liquid turns to vapor, it loses heat and gets colder because the molecules of vapor use energy to leave the liquid. The molecules left behindto the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Gorrie’s basic principle of compressing a gas, and then sending it through radiating coils to cool it, is the one most often used in refrigerators today.Scientists and inventors from around the world developed artificial refrigeration the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. WilliamCullen demonstrated artificial in Scotland in 1748, when he let ethyl ether boil into a partial vacuum. In 1805, American inventor Oliver Evans designed the first machine that used vapor instead of liquid. In 1842, physicianJohn Gorrie used Evans’s to create an air-cooling treat yellow-fever patientspractice and with ice making, and in 1851 he was granted first U.S. patent for mechanical refrigeration. In the same year, anAustralian printer, built an ether refrigerator after noticing that when he cleaned his type with ether it became very cold as the ether evaporated. Five years later, Harrison introduced vapor—compression refrigeration to the brewing and meatpacking industries.13—14. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.○A A refrigerator has an evaporator thatmakes the inside ofthe refrigerator cold. ○B People used to preserve food bypacking it with ice orsnow in cold storageareas.○C Artificialrefrigeration Wasmade possible by thecompression andevaporation of avolatile substance. ○D William Cullen developed a methodof artificialrefrigeration in 1748. ○E Practical uses of vapor-compressionrefrigeration wereintroduced in thenineteenth century. ○F CFCs have not been used as refrigerantssince they were foundto damage the earth’sozone layer.15. According to thepassage, how didCanadian Englishbecome a distinctvariety of NorthAmerican English?○A Linguists noticedthat Canadiansspoke a uniquedialect.○B A large group ofLoyalists settled inone region at thesame time.○C Growth of themiddle class led toa standard schoolcurriculum.○D Canadiansdeclared theirlanguage to bedifferent from U.S.English. 16. The word norms inparagraph 1 is closestin meaning to○A patterns○B history○C words○D ideas17. The phrase a greatdeal in common within paragraph 2 isclosest in meaning to○A different words for○B the same problemsas○C many similaritiesto○D easierpronunciation than18. In paragraph 2, whatpoint does the authormake about CanadianEnglish?○A Canadian Englishis more similar toAmerican than toBritish English.○B American andBritish visitorsdefine CanadianEnglish by theirown norms.○C Canadian Englishhas many wordsthat are not inother varieties ofEnglish.○D Canadians speakEnglish with anaccent thatAmericans cannotunderstand.19. The phrase the twovarieties in paragraph3 refers to○A People who liveoutside NorthAmerican○B Canadian Englishand AmericanEnglish○C General Canadianand NorthAmerican○D British Englishand CanadianEnglish 20. The word spot inparagraph 3 is closestin meaning to○A describe○B ignore○C prefer CANADIAN ENGLISH Canadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans almost the entire continent. Canadian English became a separate variety of North American English after the American Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British, left the United States and fled north to Canada. Many Loyalists settled in southern Ontario in the l780s, and their speech became the basis for what is called General Canadian, a definition based on the norms of urban middle-class speech.Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles and differs from American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British. Many Americanvisitors to Canada think the Canadian vocabulary sounds British—for example, they notice the British “tap” and “braces”instead of the American “faucet”and “suspenders.”On the other hand, many British people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors think the Canadians have become Americanized, saying “gas”and “truck”for “petrol” and “lorry.”People who live outside North America often find it difficult to hear the differences between Canadian and American English. There are many similarities between the two varieties, yet they are far from identical. Canadian English is instantly recognizable to other Canadians, and one Canadian in a crowded room will easily spot the other Canadian among the North Americans.There is no distinctive Canadian grammar. The differences are mainly in pronunciation, vocabulary, and idioms. Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for national identity against two strong influcaces. About 75 percent of Canadians use the British “zed”rather than the American “zee”for the name of the last letter of the alphabet. On the other hand, 75 percent of Canadians use the American pronunciation of “schedule,”○D find21. Which sentence belowbest expresses theessential informationin the highlightedsentence in paragraph4? Incorrect choiceschange the meaning inimportant ways orleave out essentialinformation.○A Canadian Englishhas been stronglyinfluenced by bothBritish andAmerican English.○B Canada is the onlynation wherepeople candeliberately choosewhichpronunciation theyprefer.○C Canadians havetried to distinguishthemselves as anation, and thiseffort is shown intheir26. Look at the four squares, whichto the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Thus, “out ” rhymes with “boat,” so the phrase “out and about in a boat ” sounds like “oat and aboat in a boat ” to American ears.There is no distinctive Canadian grammar. The differences are mainly in pronunciation, vocabulary, and idioms. Canadian pronunciation reflects the experience of a people struggling for national identity against two strong influences. About 75 percent of Canadians use the British “zed ” rather than the American “zee ” for the name of the last letter of the alphabet. On the other hand,75 percent of Canadiansuse the American pronunciation of “schedule,” “tomato,” and “missile.” Themost obvious and “out ”pronounced like “oat ” in U.S. accents. There are otheridentifying features of vowels; for example, “cot ”“caught ” and “collar ” the same as “caller.”the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Answer Choices○A Canadian English contains elements of both British and American English. ○B Several unique varieties of English have evolved in North America. ○C Canadians pronounce most words the same way as Americans do. ○D Canadian Englishasserts its distinctiveness throughpronunciation.○E Words and idiomsoriginating in Canada also help to define Canadian English.○F Most Canadians cannot identify where other Canadians are from.with that fromKenya33. Which of the followingis of major interest toboth physical andculturalanthropologists?○A Methods ofphysiology andgenetics○B Religious beliefsand practicesTHE SCIENCE OFANTHROPOLOGYThrough various methods of research, anthropologists try to fit together the pieces of the human puzzle—to discover how humanity was first achieved, what made it branch out in different directions, and why separate societies behave similarly in some ways but quite differently in other ways. Anthropology, which emerged as an independent science in the late eighteenth century, has two main divisions: physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. Physical anthropology focuses on human evolution and variation and uses methods of physiology, genetics, and ecology. Cultural anthropology focuses on culture and includes archaeology, social anthropology, and 1inguistics.Physical anthropologists are most concerned with human biology. Physical anthropologists are detectives whose mission is to solve the mystery of how humans came to be human. They ask questions about the events that led a tree-dwelling population of animals to evolve into two-legged beings with the power to lean—a power that we call intelligence. Physical anthropologists study the fossils and organic remains of once-living primates. They also study the connections between humans and other primates that are still living. Monkeys, apes, and humans have more in common with one another physically than they do with other kinds of animals. In the lab, anthropologists use the methods of physiology and genetics to investigate the composition of blood chemistry for clues to the relationship of humans to various primates. Some study the animals in the wild to find out what behaviors they share with humans. Others speculatecareer, moving fromstudies of child rearing inthe Pacific to the culturaland biological bases ofgender, the nature ofcultural change, thestructure and functioningof complex societies, andrace relations. Meadremained a pioneer in herwillingness to tacklesubjects of majorintellectual consequence,to develop newtechnologies for research,and to think of new waysthat anthropology couldserve society.Glossary:primates: theorder of mammals thatincludes apes and humanshominid: the familyof primates of whichhumans are the only livingspecies39. Look at the four squares, whichto the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Anthropology is the study of the origin, development, and varieties of human beings and their societies.Through various methods of research,try to fit together the pieces of the human puzzle—to discover how humanity was first achieved, what made it branch out in different directions, and why separate societies behaveways. Anthropology, which emerged as anscience in the late eighteenth century, has two main divisions: anthropology and cultural anthropology. Physical anthropologyfocuses on human and variation and uses methods of physiology, genetics, and ecology.Cultural anthropology focuses on culture and includessocial anthropology, and choices and match them to the type of anthropology that they describe. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points.Answer Choices ○A The focus is on the similarities and differences among cultures. ○B This field studies life on many different scales of size and time. ○C Researchers observe similarities between humans and other primates. ○D Scientists examine the fossils and skulls of early humans. ○E Researchers live and work in other societies and write ethnographies. ○F It is the study of the origin. history, and structure of theearth. ○G The story ofhumanity ’s origins is a major topic of investigation. Type ofAnthropology Physical Anthropology ●● ● CulturalAnthropology ● ●Answer Keys21。
托福入学测评试卷
一、词汇和语法部分二、阅读部分Part one：（15分）（1）Accelerate ____________ （2）Accomplish _______________ （3）Accumulate _______________（4）Beneficial _______________ （5）Blame _______________（6）Capture _______________（7）Circumstance ____________（8）Civilization _______________ （9）Domestic _______________（10）Elastic _______________ （11）Eliminate _______________（12）Fertilizer _______________ （13）Guarantee _______________（14）Hostile _______________ （15）Identical _______________Part two：长难句翻译（20分）(1)During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20thcenturies, the demand for water rose dramatically.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(2)Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million yearsago were our ancestors about to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(3)Food production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of theexpansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40% of the world's food.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(4)The ancient craftsmen, apparently without the assistance of very advancedmathematics, seemed to grasp the principles that were, more than a thousand years later, applied in the construction of Japan's first skyscraper.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(5)Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytimetrades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favored bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade.————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————Part three三、听力部分四、写作部分1，写作词汇（写出英文意思）（15分）（1）有毒的（adj）_____________（2）创新（n）_______________ （3）不现实的（adj）_____________（4）低估（v）_____________ （5）乐观的（adj）_____________（6）系统（n）_____________（7）独立（n）_____________（8）社会（n）_____________（9）消耗，消费（v）_____________（10）适应（v）_____________ （11）慢性的（adj）_____________（12）永久的（adj）_____________ （13）暂时的（adj）_____________（14）栖息地（n）_____________（15）比例（n）_____________2，句子翻译（20分）1）员工无需来回奔波于住所和公司之间，这样也节省他们很多的时间和精力。
新托福iBT黄金口语80题(答案版)
新托福iBT黄金口语80题（答案版）新托福黄金口语80题，自从放出以来已经成为了各位考友恒久追寻的一份重要资料，今天无老师特地为大家送上一份特别大礼，就是《新托福iBT口语黄金80题（答案版）》，虽然现在各种各样的口语题很多，但是这份新托福黄金口语80题还是最经典的，因为他很好的总结了口语1、2题会碰到的题目的类型，可以帮助各位考友在考前有效地对于大体思路有一个预先的准备。
而且无老师今天为大家找到的这份资料，十分贴心的将里面绝大多数的题目都给出了参考答案，方便各位考友模仿和练习。
本次放出了网页版，当然考虑到有些考友喜欢word的版本，因此在文章的末尾，还给出了word版下载链接，欢迎各位考友下载。
无老师特此提示：口语考试，思路只占很小的一部分，最后决定你分数的还是你的语音语调等，因此一定要开口多加练习！1. 说出你认为对你最有用的一本书，并解释原因。
The most important book for me is my undergraduate major textbook which is called marketing. Because as we all know that marketing is a kind of major which cuts across the boundaries of many different disciplines, so it broadens my knowledge scope, such as the aspects of advertising and trade. On the other hand, well, a plenty of cases are included in this book, in addition, many definitions can explained very acceptable so it definitely helps me to get a deeply understanding of my major.2. 电视对于现代社会有正面作用还是负面作用，选择其中之一并解释原因。
美英留学考试题及答案
美英留学考试题及答案1. 英语作为第二语言考试（ESL）中，以下哪个选项是正确的英语表达？A. I have gone to the store yesterday.B. I went to the store yesterday.C. I am going to the store tomorrow.D. I will go to the store tomorrow.答案：B2. 在托福考试中，以下哪项是理解文章主旨的关键？A. 词汇量B. 语法结构C. 文章的开头和结尾D. 所有选项都正确答案：D3. 雅思考试中，以下哪项是口语部分的评分标准之一？A. 发音B. 语法准确性C. 流利性和连贯性D. 所有选项都正确答案：D4. 在GRE考试中，以下哪个数学概念不是主要考察点？A. 代数B. 几何C. 概率与统计D. 微积分答案：D5. SAT考试中，阅读理解部分主要考察哪些能力？A. 词汇理解B. 文章结构分析C. 推理和证据支持D. 所有选项都正确答案：D6. 在GMAT考试中，以下哪个部分不是考试内容？A. 分析性写作B. 综合推理C. 定量推理D. 语言能力测试答案：D7. ACT考试中，科学部分主要考察哪些技能？A. 数据分析B. 科学推理C. 研究总结D. 所有选项都正确答案：D8. 美国大学入学考试（AP）中，以下哪个科目不是AP考试的科目之一？A. 微积分B. 物理C. 化学D. 艺术史答案：D结束语：以上是美英留学考试的一些典型题目及答案，希望对准备留学考试的同学们有所帮助。
托福入学测试
托福保分班入学测试题-B（时间：50mins）Section 1: Vocabulary （10mins）Direction: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the synonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1. acute:(A) limited (B) intense (C) pure (D) necessary2. remarkable:(A) movement (B) school (C) tendency (D) extraordinary3. vary:(A) maximum (B) perplexing (C) independent (D) differ4. stressed:(A) invariable (B) persistent (C) predictable (D)emphasized5. considerable:(A) started (B) requested (C) proponent (D) great6. accelerate:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) increase (D) practically7. rushing:(A) faced (B) ruined (C) increased (D)rapid8. derived:(A) thoughtful (B) show (C) relational (D)obtained9. means:(A) dried (B) large (C) collected (D) methods10. establish:(A) connected (B) excellent (C) create (D) identified11. apparent(A). evident (B) differed (C). develops (D). invests12. prized(A). valued (B). limited (C).. replaced (D). dominated13.clues(A). fly (B). indication (C). feed (D). forge14. source(A). basis (B). long-lasting (C). marvelous (D). gorgeous15. sweep(A). varied (B). extend (C). audible (D). perilous16. thriving(A). prejudice (B). separate (C). conducive (D). flourishing17. at any rate(A). inimical (B). branch (C). observe (D). regardless18. prime(A). inhabitant (B). break (C). clan D). principal19. exert(A). spread (B). allow (C). recognized (D). put20. most common(A). contemplate (B). dedicate (C). put into practice (D). dominantDirection: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the antonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.21. vivid:(A) pierce (B) dull (C) Anguish (D) cover22. profound:(A) put together (B) Undistinguished (C) pile high (D) shallow23. disaster:(A) deficient (B) noisy (C) innovative (D) fortune24. fail:(A) increased (B) Corrupt (C) succeed (D) appeared25. gloom:(A) controlling (B) darken (C) opposing (D) brightness26. dignify:(A) report (B) learn (C) worry (D) degrade27. fresh:(A) firm (B) Stale (C) difficult (D) bitter28. adult:(A) lonely (B) lower (C) uncomfortable (D) infant29. complicate:(A) possible (B) basic (C) gradual (D) simplify30. Unworthy:(A) endure (B) replace (C) compensate (D) valuable31. Exit:(A) limited (B) entrance (C) pure (D) necessary32. invalid:(A) movement (B) forget (C) use (D) valid33. comfort:(A) conspiracy (B) attentive (C) independent (D) anguish34. skillful:(A) invariable (B) dull (C) predictable (D) awkward35. Intensify:(A) started (B) requested (C) adjourn (D) weaken36. misery:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) shelter (D) happy37. Regain:(A) faced (B) lose (C) increased (D) discussed38. Expenditure:(A) thoughtful (B) outline (C) relational (D) income39. Prolong:(A) dried (B) vex (C) reduce(D) evaporated40. Suspend:(A) connected (B) scatter (C) completed (D)continueSection 2: Reading Comprehension共27个题目，每题1分，第一套12题2分，第二套15题3分，共30分。
托福测试题及答案
托福测试题及答案1. 阅读部分阅读下列段落，然后回答问题。
段落：In recent years, the popularity of urban farming has surged in cities around the world. This trend is driven by several factors, including a desire for fresher and more sustainable food, as well as the need for urban green spaces that can improve the quality of life for city dwellers. Urban farming can take many forms, from rooftop gardens to community plots, and it offers a range of benefits, such as reducing food miles, enhancing local food security, and providing opportunities for community engagement.问题1：城市农业的流行是由哪些因素推动的？A. 追求新鲜和更可持续的食物B. 城市居民对生活质量的改善需求C. 减少食物里程和增强当地食品安全D. 所有上述因素答案1：D. 所有上述因素问题2：城市农业可以采取哪些形式？A. 屋顶花园B. 社区地块C. 屋顶花园和社区地块D. 以上都不是答案2：C. 屋顶花园和社区地块2. 听力部分听录音材料，然后回答问题。
录音材料：[录音内容省略]问题1：演讲者主要讨论了什么主题？A. 环境保护B. 教育改革C. 科技发展D. 健康饮食答案1：D. 健康饮食问题2：演讲者提到了哪些健康饮食的好处？A. 提高能量水平B. 减少慢性疾病风险C. 改善心理健康D. 所有上述好处答案2：D. 所有上述好处3. 口语部分根据以下提示，准备并回答口语问题。
北美新托福入学测试题(中上水平)
百度文库-让每个人平等地提升自我环球新托福考试院入学英语水平测试题Extin cti on of the Dino saursPale on tologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dino saurs was caused by climatic alterati ons associated with slow cha nges in the positi ons of continents and seas result ing from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which / \ dino saurs flourished), large shallow seas covered exte nsive areas of the continen ts. Data from diversesources,in cludi ng geochemical evide nee preserved in seafloor sedime nts, in dicate that the LateCretaceous climate was milder than today ' s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. Thesummers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperatureof the n earby air, keep ing it relatively con sta nt.At the end of the Cretaceous, the geological record shows that these seaways retreated from the continents back into the major ocean basins. No one knows why. Over a period of about 100,000 years, while the seas pulled back, climates around the world became dramatically more extreme: warmer days, cooler nights; hotter summers, colder winters. Perhaps dinosaurscould not tolerate these extremetemperature cha nges and became ext inct.s hard to un dersta nd why tweyld not be affected, whereasdinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and adva need on the continents numerous timesduring the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changesassociated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially hypothesis of a simple climatic cha nge related to sea levels is in sufficie nt to expla in all the data.Dissatisfact ionwithconven ti onalexpla nati onsfor dino saurext in cti onsled /toa surpris ingobservation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animalsdisappearabruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock docume nting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks represe nting the beg inning of the Ceno zoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Betwee n the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock,there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the ext inctions took by determ ining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determ ining the amount of the eleme nt iridium (lr) it contain ed.It has not bee n com mon at Earth' s since the very begi nning of the pla netusually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth and consolidated. lt is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which the solar systemRead ingIf true, though, why did survive the freez ing wi nters and torridcold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, summers? These ani mals are at the mercy of the climate toturtles,and crocodilesmaintain a livable body temperature. It wereappeali ng, thes history.Becaus ， 's core as thorigi nal chemical compositi on is preserved. Even today, microscopic meteorites con ti nu ally bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea. By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observedamount of it in the boundary clay. These calculations suggest that a period of about one million yearswould have been required. However, other reliable evidenee suggests that the deposition of theboundary clay could not have taken one million years. So the unusually high concentration of lt seemsto require a special expla nati on.In view of these facts, scie ntists hypothesized that a sin gle large asteroid, about 10 to 15 kilometersacross, collided with Earth, and the resulting fallout created the boundary clay. Their calculationsshow that the impact kicked up a dust cloud that cut off sun light for several mon ths, in hibit ing photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised Iong-term global temperatures through thegree nhouse effect. This disrupti on of food cha in and climate would have eradicated the dino saurs andother orga ni sms in less tha n fifty years.[Passage End][Questi on]Paragraph 1 Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterati ons associated with slow cha nges in the positi ons of con ti nents and seasresult ing from plate tect oni cs. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, duri ng which dino saurs flourished), large shallow seas covered exte nsive areas of the con ti nen ts. Data from diverse sources, in clud ing geochemical evide nee preserved in seafloor sedime nts, in dicate that theLate Cretaceous climate was milder than today ' s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold.The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the n earby air, keep ing it relatively con sta nt.1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?Summers were very warm and win ters were very cold.Shallow seas on the con ti nents caused freque nt temperature cha nges.The climate was very similar to today ' s climate.The climate did not cha nge dramatically from seas on to seas on.Paragraph 2 At the end of the Cretaceous, the geological record shows that these seaways retreatedfrom the continents back into the major ocean basins. No one knows why. Over a period of about 100,000 years, while the seas pulled back, climates around the world became dramatically more extreme: warmer days, cooler ni ghts; hotter summers, colder win ters. Perhaps dino saurs could nottolerate these extreme temperature cha nges and became ext inct.2. Which of the follow ing reas ons is suggested in paragraph 2 for the ext inction of the dino saurs?Changes in the lengths of the days and nights during the late Cretaceous periodDroughts caused by the moveme nt of seaways back into the ocea nsThe cha nge from mild to severe climates duri ng the Late Cretaceous periodAn extreme decrease in the average yearly temperature over 10,000 yearsParagraph 3 If true, though, why did cold-blooded ani mals such as sn akes, lizards, turtles, andcrocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of theclimate to maintain a livable body temperature. It ' shard to understand why they would not beaffected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe,dino saurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advaneed on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.3. Why does the author mention the survival of “ snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles ”nparagraph 3?To argue that dino saurs may have become exti net because they were not cold-blooded ani malsTo questi on the adequacy of the hypothesis that climatic cha nge related to sea levels caused theext inction of the dino saursTo prese nt examples of ani mals that could maintain a livable body temperature more easily tha ndino saursTo support a hypothesis that these animals were not as sensitive to climate changes in theCretaceous period as they are today4. The word cope in the passage is closest in meaning toad aptmovecon ti nuecompete5. The word fluctuati ons in the passage is closest i n meaning toextremesretreats periods variati onsParagraph 4 Dissatisfacti on with conven tio nal expla nati ons for dino saur ext in cti ons led to asurprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animalsdisappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock docume nti ng the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determ ining the amount of the eleme nt iridium it contain ed.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave outesse ntial in formati on.The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt ext in cti on of many pla nts and ani mals at theend of the Mesozoic era.Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the begi nning of the Ceno zoic era havebee n removed from the layers of rock that surroun ded them.Pla nts and ani mals from the Mesozoic era were un able to survive in the Ceno zoic era.7. I n paragraph 4, all the followi ng questi ons are an swered EXCEPT:Why is there a layer of clay betwee n the rocks of the Cretaceous and Ceno zoic?Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the endof the Cretaceous?What was the effect of the surpris ing observati on scie ntists made?Why did scie ntists want more in formati on about the dino saur ext in cti ons at the end of theCretaceous?Paragraph 5. lt has not bee n com mon at Earth ' s since the very begi nning of the pla net ' s Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth pla net cooled and con solidated. lt is found in high concen trati ons in some meteorites, in which thesolar system ' s orig inal chemical composition is preserved. Even today, microscopic meteoritescontinually bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea. By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of lt in the boun dary clay. ■ These calculatio ns suggest that a period of about onemilli on years would have bee n required. ■ However, other reliable evide nee suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million years. ■ So the unusually highconcen trati on of lt seems to require a special expla nati on. ■8. Look at the four squares ■ that in dicate where the followi ng sentence could be added to thepassage.Con seque ntly, the idea that the lt in the boun dary clay came from microscopic meteorites cannotbe accepted.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.12349. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecti ng the THREE an swer choices that express the most importa nt ideasin the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express that are not prese nted in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questi on is worth 2 poin ts.To review passage, Click View TextFor a long time scie ntists have argued that the ext in cti on of The dino saurs was related to climatechange.An swer choices1. A simple climate cha nge does not expla in some importa nt data related to the ext in cti on of the dino saurs at the end of the Cretaceous.2. The retreat of the seaways at the end of the Cretaceous has not bee n fully expla in ed.… 3. The abrupt ness of ext in cti on s at the end of the Cretaceous and the high concen trati on of lrfound in clay deposited at that time has fueled the developme nt of a new hypothesis.… 4. Extreme changes in daily and seasonal climates preceded the retreat of the seas back into the major ocea n bas ins.… 5. Some scientists hypothesize that the extinction of the dinosaurs resulted from the effects of an asteroid collision with Earth.… 6. Boundary clay layers like the one between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are used by scientists to determ ine the rate at which an ext inct species decli ned.Writing （改错）（满分理分）The author of the reading passage ① reaches three theories as likely ② explanation of the primaryfunction of Chaco Canyon houses, ③ a grant structures built in the ④ 12 century. ⑤ The lecturerpoints to the in accuracies in each of these theories.The lecturer ⑥ argue that the modest number of fireplaces ⑦ on these structures is ⑧ via con tradict ion with the huge size of these houses, ⑨ in dicated that these structures ⑩ cannot have bee nused for Residential purposes. The Reading, however, draws comparisons (11)from the Chaco housesand other similar large Residential structures (12) at support of the “ Residential ” theory.The sec ond theory, (13) which the houses were used for food (1A) storagi ng , is also (15) supported by the lecturer. He (16) explai ning that a place (17) had bee n used for stori ng maize would have many traces ofscattered Maize, (18)that is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the“ food storage theory "(19) likely .Fin ally, (20) regard the third theory, the “ ceremony theory ” , the (e1tuseys that the prese neeof broken pots (22) closely to the great houses does not offer sufficient proof that this (23) is a place for(24) ceremony activities. He argues that there are other materials (25) for example pieces of con structi on trash (26) find along with the broke n pots, which (27) suggest ing that these pots (28) hadbee n probably not used for ceremonial (29) activities but in stead (30) were discard due to con structi onworkers upon completio n of the great houses.新托福口语测试题独立任务Speak ing 1Talk about a popular gathering place in your town where people like to go. Describe the place andexpla in why people enjoy going there.准备时间：15秒答题时间：45秒Speak ing 2Do you agree or disagree with the follow ing stateme nt?Stude nts ben efit more from classes with a large nu mber of stude nts tha n they do from smaller classesUse specific examples and details to support your opinion准备时间：15秒\答题时间：45秒Speak ing 3只imamu ft/ne ^50 secondsMusic Coming to CafeteriasI JI ary Dixon. Direcl or orf the Student Life Committee, announced yesterday that beginning next semester untversftycafeterias will broadcast classical music durtiig mealtimes. "Music will foste r a more relaxed atmosphere.' said Dixon r"Students1lives are hectic, and mealtimes provide important opportunities to take a break and catch up with fiiends beforemoving on to the next class ar assignment/ Added Dixon. ,J We'i e also hoping that, if we provide Hie music, students willi unplug their perianal mu^ic devices― heir walkinans and mp3 players or whatever——and v/ill spend more time talking to each other.When students ha ve their headpliones on. they're not connecting with each other,'Liste ning to two stude nts discuss ing the no tice.The man expnsss^s his opinion of th© university's plan. State Fit opinion and explan the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Preparation Time: 30 SecondsResponse Time: 60 Seconds新托福口语测试题Con versati onQ1: What do the speakers mainly discuss?A. Why the woma n has little in com mon with her roommatesB. How the woma n can keep up in her academic studiesC. The woman ' s adjustment to life at the universityD. The woman ' s decision to transfer to another universityQ2: Why does the woma n men ti on her hometow n?A. To draw a con trast to her curre nt situati onB. To ack no wledge that she is accustomed to livi ng in big citiesC. To indicate that she has known some people on campus for a long timeD. To emphasize her previous success in academic studiesQ3: What does the woman imply about incident that occurred in her sociology class?A. She was embarrassed because she gave an in correct an swerB. She was upset because the professor seemed to ignore herC. She was con fused by the orga ni zati on of the professor ' s lectureD. She was surprised by the comments of the other studentss office?B. To offer to help other stude ntsC. To introduce herselfD. To suggest ways of making the class more personalQ5: What does the woma n imply about joining the stri ng quartet?A. It would en able her to continue a hobby she gave up whe n she was tenB. It would allow her to spend more time in her major area of studyC. It would help her stop worry ing about her academic studiesD. It would be a way to meet students with similar interests.Lectureaspect of Man ila hemp fibers does the professor mainly discuss in the lectureA. Similarities betwee n cott on fibers and man ila hemp fibersB. Various types of man ila hemp fibersC. The econo mic importa nee of Man ila hemp fibersD. A use of Man ila hemp fibersdoes the professor men ti on going away for the weeke nd?A. To tell the class a jokeB. To apologize for not complet ing some workC. To in troduce the topic of the lectureD. To encourage students to ask about her tripdoes the professor imply about the name Manila hempA. It is a commercial brand n ameB. Part of the n ame is in appropriateC. The n ame has recen tly cha ngedD. The n ame was first used in the 1940'sdoes the professor men ti on the Golde n Gate Bridge?A. To dem on strate a disadva ntage of steel cables △B. To give an example of the creative use of colorC. To show that steel cables are able to resist salt waterD. To give an example of a use of Man ila hempto the professor, what was the main reas on that many ships used Man ila hemp ropes in stead of steel cables?A. Man ila hemp was cheaperB. Man ila hemp was easier to produceC. Man ila hemp is more resista nt to salt waterD. Man ila hemp is lighter in weightto the lecture, what are two ways to in crease the stre ngth or rope made from Man ila hemp fibers? Click on 2 an swersA. Coat the fibers with zin c-based paintB. Comb ine the fibers into bun dlesC. Soak bun dles of fibers in salt waterD. Twist bun dles of fibers。
美国入学智力测试题(3篇)
第1篇第一章：基础知识一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个数是偶数？A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 82. 下列哪个图形是正方形？A. 圆形B. 三角形C. 正方形D. 长方形3. 下列哪个国家的首都是北京？A. 中国B. 美国C. 日本D. 英国4. 下列哪个单位是测量长度的？A. 千克B. 米C. 秒D. 摄氏度5. 下列哪个元素是化学元素周期表中的第一个元素？A. 氢B. 氧C. 碳D. 氮6. 下列哪个国家位于北美洲？A. 加拿大B. 中国C. 巴西D. 澳大利亚7. 下列哪个城市是世界上最繁华的城市之一？A. 纽约B. 北京C. 伦敦D. 东京8. 下列哪个国家是世界上最发达的国家之一？A. 德国B. 日本C. 法国D. 美国9. 下列哪个节日是西方国家的传统节日？A. 中秋节B. 感恩节C. 端午节D. 春节10. 下列哪个国家是联合国的创始会员国？A. 中国B. 美国C. 英国D. 法国二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 地球上最大的洲是______洲。
2. 太阳系中最大的行星是______。
3. 国际单位制中，长度的基本单位是______。
4. 中国的四大发明是______、______、______、______。
5. 世界上最高的山峰是______。
6. 下列哪个国家是世界上最古老的国家之一？______。
7. 下列哪个国家是世界上最年轻的国家之一？______。
8. 下列哪个国家是世界上最富有国家之一？______。
9. 下列哪个国家是世界上最贫困国家之一？______。
10. 下列哪个节日是西方国家的传统节日？______。
第二章：数学与应用一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个数是质数？A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 132. 下列哪个图形是立体图形？A. 圆形B. 三角形C. 正方形D. 球形3. 下列哪个运算符表示加法？A. +B. ×C. ÷D. =4. 下列哪个数是平方数？A. 16B. 17C. 18D. 195. 下列哪个数是立方数？B. 28C. 29D. 306. 下列哪个图形是中心对称图形？A. 正方形B. 长方形C. 三角形D. 等腰三角形7. 下列哪个数是正数？A. -5B. -4C. 0D. 38. 下列哪个数是负数？A. -5B. -4C. 0D. 39. 下列哪个数是正数和负数的相反数？A. 5B. -5C. 010. 下列哪个数是整数？A. 2.5B. 3.14C. 2D. 3.6二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个数是偶数？______。
托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷(含答案)
托福入学测试笔试试卷通用卷Choose the most suitable answer to complete the following sentences.1.He is always here;it’s____you've never met him.A.uniqueB.strangeC.rareD.peculiarC2.We shall probably never be able to___the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.A.assertB.impartC.ascertainD.notifyC3.Professor Hawking is____as one of the world's greatest living physicists.A.dignifiedB.clarifiedC.acknowledgedD.illustrated4.I must congratulate you___the excellent design of the new bridge.A. with C. onB.at D. of5.She was so___in herjob that she didn’t hear anybody knocking at the door.A.attractedB.absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated6. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons ___ _ slowly into the sky.A.C.ascending escalating B. elevating D. lingering7. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man ofconsiderable _ ___.A. futureC. abilityB. D.possibility opportunity8. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t __ __ anything.A. lackC. omitB. withdraw D. leak9. Military orders are __ __ and cannot be disobeyed.A. defectiveB. conservativeC. alternativeD. imperative10. Cancer is second only _ ___ heart disease as a cause of death.A. ofB. toC. withD. from11. You cannot be __ _ careful when you drive a car.C. tooD. enough12.____the storm,the ship would have reached its destination on time.A.In spite ofB.In case ofC. But forD. Because13.He is the only person who can____in this case,because the otherwitnesses were killed mysteriously.A.testify C. accuseB. charge D.rectify14.I didn’t know the word.I had to____a dictionary.A. make outB. look outC.go overD.refer to15. We can accept your order __ __ payment is made in advance.A.in the belief thatB.in order thatC.on the excuse thatD.on condition that16.We'd like to____a table for five for dinner this evening.A.preserveB.reserveC.retainD.sustain17. What you say now is not ___ _ with what you said last week.A.consistentB.persistentC.permanentD.insistent18.The medicine____his pain but did not cure his illness.A.activatedB.alleviatedC.mediatedD.deteriorated19. He is too young to be able to __ __ between right and wrong.A.discardB.discernC.disperseD.disregarding extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms mayresult in____and lack of unity in style.A.conflictB.confrontationC. disturbanceD. disharmony21.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most considerate of all Indians but seemsto be____the welfare of his animals.A.critical aboutB.indignant atC.indifferent toD.subject to22.It has been revealed that some government leaders___their authority andposition to get illegal profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC. abuseD. overlook23. His argument does not suggest that mankind can __ __ to be wasteful in theutilization of these resources.A.resortB.grantC.affordD.entitle24.Some diseases are____by certain water animals.A.transplantedB.transformedC.transportedD.transmitted25.Because of its intimacy,radio is usually more thanjust a medium;it is____.A. firmB. companyC.corporationD.enterpriseIt’s a big country!When it comes to body weight,Americans stand out.Most visitors to the United States,no matter where they go across this vast country,comment onthe size of many Americans.In fact,these impressions are backed by numerous statistics.For example,the average5‘4"American w eighs162pounds,or15 pounds more than the average person of the same height from Western or Central Europe.Another comparison:At150pounds,the average5’4”American woman is 24 pounds heavier than her Japanese counterpart.Why are Americans so heavy ？ Some blame the American diet. Certainly it’s true that Americans eat more high-fat foods–meat,dairy products,and processed food–and fewer grains and vegetables than people in other countries. But fat isn’t the whole story.Lifestyle factors–including the tendency for Americans to drive rather than walk or ride a bicycle to work,to snack throughout the day,and to have so many labor-saving devices in the home–appear to contribute to the problem.(165words)26.According to the article,the average Western European weighs_______.A. more than an AmericanB. more than a Central EuropeanC. less than an AmericanD.less than a Japanese person27.In comparison with Americans,people in other countries eat more_____.A. meatB.dairy productsC. processed foodD.grainsHeadachesEveryone has experienced headaches,but only recently have medical researchers begun to learn more specifically about the causes and possible treatments for different types of headache pain.The most common type of headache is the simple tension headache. Tension headaches are usually mild and short-lasting and can result from various factors, such as stress caused by worry or noise.Tension headaches are caused by a tightening of the neck or back muscles,which slows the flow of blood and, therefore,oxygen to the brain.It is the lack of oxygen that causes the pain.Most headaches can be relieved by taking a mild analgesic such as aspirin. Analgesics expand the blood vessels and restore the normal flow of blood and oxygen to the brain.A more serious type of headache is the migraine.Migraine headaches are often extremely painful and can last for hours or days.Like tension headaches,they can be the result of different factors,including stress,hormonal changes,andallergies.Unlike tension headaches,however,they are caused by an abnormal expansion or swelling(rather than a contraction)of the blood vessels within the head.Medicines that shrink swollen blood vessels can be used to treat migraine headaches.A tiny minority of headaches can be linked to severe physical problems such as head injury or brain tumors.For these types of headaches,there are medicines to treat the symptoms,but there is no cure unless the underlying problem is removed.(244 words)28.This article discusses the_______.A. tiny minority of people who have headachesB.history of medical research into headachesC. causes and remedies for headachesD. physical problems caused by headaches29. A tension headache can result when ____ ___.A. the neck and back muscles relaxB.people get injured in an accidentC.the flow of blood is restrictedD. too much oxygen goes to the brain30. Medicines for migraines ____ ___.A. relax the head and neckB.generally relieve tensionC.increase the flow of bloodD.cause blood vessels to contract31. Headaches caused by serious physical problems __ _____.A.can’t be treatedB.don’t cause much painC. have no symptomsD. are not very commonPainful PoultryA It’s common practice in the poultry industry to amputate the beaks ofchickens to prevent them pecking each other.Techniques of‘debeaking’vary,but in the UK it is performed on chicks when they are a few days old, and usually involves amputating one third of the upper part of the beakwith a heated blade.The poultry industry has always assumed thatchickens quickly recover,but evidence presented at the InternationalOrnithological Congress in New Zealand suggests otherwise. Dr. Michael Gentle,of the Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research inEdinburgh,has shown that chickens can feel chronic pain weeks,andsometimes even months,after the operation.B Chickens have pain receptors in their beak, and so slicing their beaks offwith a hot knife must hurt them.What Dr.Gentle has found is that the pain may be delayed,as is the case with human burn victims.‘The chickens are not in pain initially, but 24 hours later they show clear pain-related behaviour.’After the beak is amputated,the remaining stump may taketwo to four weeks to heal.But even then,pain may continue:the damaged nerves still grow,and may be‘abnormally and spontaneously active’(believed to the cause of stump pain in human amputees).Even twomonths later,the stump is unusually sensitive to touch and temperaturechanges.C Many aspects of a chicken’s behaviour also suggest that it experiences thelong-term pain,and perhaps even the depression,typically felt by humanamputees.In the first few weeks after debeaking,a chicken spends moretime resting than usual.And even six weeks later,when the stump hashealed over,a chicken avoids using its beak.D The habit of pecking each other doesn’t necessarily start off as aggressivebehaviour–it may simply escalate once one bird is injured,and sometimes be a substitute for pecking at litter –but it can quickly leads to the death of weaker birds.E Is debeaking really the solution, though? A very preliminary survey inScotland,of two commercial laying breeds,found debeaking had noeffect on the extent of feather and comb damage,or on body weights of thenumber of birds that died.A much more effective approach would be toremove the conditions–such as overcrowding and bright light,forexample,that are known to contribute to feather-pecking and cannibalism.Where chickens really have to be kept in such conditions,a more sensible solution than debeaking,says Dr.Gentle,would be to breed strains ofchickens that don’t peck each other.(Angela Turner)Questions32-36The reading passage is divided intofive paragraphs A - E. From the list of headings(i-ix)below,choose the most suitable heading of each paragraph,and write the letter in the space provided.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of themi Other effects of debeakingii Chickens have feelingsiii Challenging an acceptedpracticeiv Alternative solutionsv Methods of amputationvi The pecking habitvii Chronic Painviii Improving the debeakingtechniqueix Chickens are notaggressive32 Paragraph A Ⅲ33 Paragraph B Ⅱ34Paragraph CⅦ35 Paragraph D Ⅵ36 Paragraph E ⅣQuestions37-38Answer thefollowing questions using no more than THREE wordsfrom the passage.37What has been the industry’s belief in relation to chicks in the debeaking process?Chickens quickly recover.38 Dr. Gentle twice compares the chickens with humans. Write the two categories of humans.Human burn victimsHuman amputeesQuestions39-4039 According to the passage, one reason for the behaviour of pecking otherchickens is___A.the need to peck at the ground in a natural habitat.B.the need to assert dominance over weaker chickens.C.the natural tendency for aggressive behaviour in chickens.D.the frustration experienced by caged birds.40 The author believes that ___A.debeaking is necessary.B.debeaking is sensible in certain conditions.C.debeaking is not the right way to deal with the problem.D.there is a link between debeaking and the number of chicken deaths.。
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环球新托福考试院入学英语水平测试题ReadingExtinction of the DinosaursPaleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.At the end of the Cretaceous, the geological record shows that these seaways retreated from the continents back into the major ocean basins. No one knows why. Over a period of about 100,000 years, while the seas pulled back, climates around the world became dramatically more extreme: warmer days, cooler nights; hotter summers, colder winters. Perhaps dinosaurs could not tolerate these extreme temperature changes and became extinct.If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (lr) it contained.It has not been common at Earth’s since the very beginning of the planet’s history. Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth’s core as the planet cooled and consolidated. lt is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which the solar system’soriginal chemical composition is preserved. Even today, microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea. By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of it in the boundary clay. These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been required. However, other reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million years. So the unusually high concentration of lt seems to require a special explanation.In view of these facts, scientists hypothesized that a single large asteroid, about 10 to 15 kilometers across, collided with Earth, and the resulting fallout created the boundary clay. Their calculations show that the impact kicked up a dust cloud that cut off sunlight for several months, inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global temperatures through the greenhouse effect. This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years.[Passage End][Question]Paragraph 1 Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?☐Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.☐Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.☐The climate was very similar to today’s climate.☐The climate did not change dramatically from season to season.Paragraph 2 At the end of the Cretaceous, the geological record shows that these seaways retreated from the continents back into the major ocean basins. No one knows why. Over a period of about 100,000 years, while the seas pulled back, climates around the world became dramatically more extreme: warmer days, cooler nights; hotter summers, colder winters. Perhaps dinosaurs could not tolerate these extreme temperature changes and became extinct.2. Which of the following reasons is suggested in paragraph 2 for the extinction of the dinosaurs? ☐Changes in the lengths of the days and nights during the late Cretaceous period☐Droughts caused by the movement of seaways back into the oceans☐The change from mild to severe climates during the Late Cretaceous period☐An extreme decrease in the average yearly temperature over 10,000 yearsParagraph 3 If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, andcrocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. It’s hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one? Although initially appealing, the hypothesis of a simple climatic change related to sea levels is insufficient to explain all the data.3. Why does the author mention the survival of “snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles” in paragraph 3?☐To argue that dinosaurs may have become extinct because they were not cold-blooded animals☐To question the adequacy of the hypothesis that climatic change related to sea levels caused the extinction of the dinosaurs☐To present examples of animals that could maintain a livable body temperature more easily than dinosaurs☐To support a hypothesis that these animals were not as sensitive to climate changes in the Cretaceous period as they are today4. The word cope in the passage is closest in meaning to☐adapt☐move☐continue☐compete5. The word fluctuations in the passage is closest in meaning to☐extremes☐retreats☐periods☐variationsParagraph 4 Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium it contained.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? In correct choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.☐The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of many plants and animals at the end of the Mesozoic era.☐Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.☐Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the beginning of the Cenozoic era have been removed from the layers of rock that surrounded them.☐Plants and animals from the Mesozoic era were unable to survive in the Cenozoic era.7. In paragraph 4, all the following questions are answered EXCEPT:☐Why is there a layer of clay between the rocks of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic?☐Why were scientists interested in determining how long it took to deposit the layer of clay at the end of the Cretaceous?☐What was the effect of the surprising observation scientists made?☐Why did scientists want more information about the dinosaur extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous?Paragraph 5. lt has not been common at Earth’s since the very beginning of the planet’s history. Because it usually exists in a metallic state, it was preferentially incorporated in Earth’s core as the planet cooled and consolidated. lt is found in high concentrations in some meteorites, in which the solar system’s orig inal chemical composition is preserved. Even today, microscopic meteorites continually bombard Earth, falling on both land and sea. By measuring how many of these meteorites fall to Earth over a given period of time, scientists can estimate how long it might have taken to deposit the observed amount of lt in the boundary clay. ■These calculations suggest that a period of about one million years would have been required. ■However, other reliable evidence suggests that the deposition of the boundary clay could not have taken one million years. ■So the unusually high concentration of lt seems to require a special explanation. ■8. Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Consequently, the idea that the lt in the boundary clay came from microscopic meteorites cannot be accepted.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.☐ 1☐ 2☐ 3☐ 49. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.To review passage, Click View TextFor a long time scientists have argued that the extinction of The dinosaurs was related to climatechange.●●●Answer choices1. A simple climate change does not explain some important data related to the extinction of the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous.2. The retreat of the seaways at the end of the Cretaceous has not been fully explained.… 3. The abruptness of extinction s at the end of the Cretaceous and the high concentration of lr found in clay deposited at that time has fueled the development of a new hypothesis.… 4. Extreme changes in daily and seasonal climates preceded the retreat of the seas back into the major ocean basins.… 5. Some scientists hypothesize that the extinction of the dinosaurs resulted from the effects of an asteroid collision with Earth.… 6. Boundary clay layers like the one between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are used by scientists to determine the rate at which an extinct species declined.Writing（改错）（满分30分）The author of the reading passage ①reaches three theories as likely ②explanation of the primary function of Chaco Canyon houses, ③a grant structures built in the ④12century. ⑤The lecturer points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories.The lecturer ⑥argue that the modest number of fireplaces ⑦on these structures is ⑧via contradiction with the huge size of these houses,⑨indicated that these structures ⑩cannot have been used for Residential purposes. The Reading, however, draws comparisons ⑾from the Chaco houses and other similar large Residential structures ⑿at support of the “Residential” theory.The second theory, ⒀which the houses were used for food ⒁storaging, is also ⒂supported by the lecturer. He ⒃explaining that a place⒄had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered Maize, ⒅that is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the “food storage theory” is ⒆likely.Finally, ⒇regard the third theory, the “ceremony theory”, the lecturer (21) says that the presence of broken pots (22) closely to the great houses does not offer sufficient proof that this (23) is a place for (24) ceremony activities. He argues that there are other materials (25) for example pieces of construction trash (26) find along with the broken pots, which (27) suggesting that these pots (28) had been probably not used for ceremonial (29) activities but instead (30) were discard due to construction workers upon completion of the great houses.新托福口语测试题独立任务Speaking 1Talk about a popular gathering place in your town where people like to go. Describe the place and explain why people enjoy going there.准备时间：15秒答题时间：45秒Speaking 2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Students benefit more from classes with a large number of students than they do from smaller classesUse specific examples and details to support your opinion准备时间：15秒答题时间：45秒Speaking 3Listening to two students discussing the notice.新托福口语测试题ConversationQ1: What do the speakers mainly discuss?A.Why the woman has little in common with her roommatesB.How the woman can keep up in her academic studiesC.The woman’s adjustment to life at the universityD.The woman’s decision to transfer to another universityQ2: Why does the woman mention her hometown?A.To draw a contrast to her current situationB.To acknowledge that she is accustomed to living in big citiesC.To indicate that she has known some people on campus for a long timeD.To emphasize her previous success in academic studiesQ3: What does the woman imply about incident that occurred in her sociology class?A.She was embarrassed because she gave an incorrect answerB.She was upset because the professor seemed to ignore herC.She was confused by the organization of the professor’ s lectureD.She was surprised by the comments of the other studentsQ4: According to the counselor, why should the wom an visit her professor’s office?Click on 2 answers.A.To offer a complimentB.To offer to help other studentsC.To introduce herselfD.To suggest ways of making the class more personalQ5: What does the woman imply about joining the string quartet?A.It would enable her to continue a hobby she gave up when she was tenB.It would allow her to spend more time in her major area of studyC.It would help her stop worrying about her academic studiesD.It would be a way to meet students with similar interests.Lectureaspect of Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly discuss in the lectureA.Similarities between cotton fibers and manila hemp fibersB.Various types of manila hemp fibersC.The economic importance of Manila hemp fibersD. A use of Manila hemp fibersdoes the professor mention going away for the weekend?A.To tell the class a jokeB.To apologize for not completing some workC.To introduce the topic of the lectureD.To encourage students to ask about her tripdoes the professor imply about the name Manila hempA.It is a commercial brand nameB.Part of the name is inappropriateC.The name has recently changedD.The name was first used in the 1940'sdoes the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge?A.To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cablesB.To give an example of the creative use of colorC.To show that steel cables are able to resist salt waterD.To give an example of a use of Manila hempto the professor, what was the main reason that many ships used Manila hemp ropes instead of steel cables?A.Manila hemp was cheaperB.Manila hemp was easier to produceC.Manila hemp is more resistant to salt waterD.Manila hemp is lighter in weightto the lecture, what are two ways to increase the strength or rope made from Manila hemp fibers?Click on 2 answersA.Coat the fibers with zinc-based paintbine the fibers into bundlesC.Soak bundles of fibers in salt waterD.Twist bundles of fibers。