英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
12月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案
12月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案12月英语四级仔细阅读真题答案「篇一」Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意测验) sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings。
A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs。
The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education。
英语四级仔细阅读专练题附答案解析
英语四级仔细阅读专练题附答案解析Henry III didn't know much about biology. He went through six wives backin the 1500s, looking for one whocould bear him a son. Scientists now knowthat it's the father's sperm, not the mother's egg, which determines whether a baby is a boy or a girl. And last week researchers at the Genetics and IVF Institute, a private fertility生育能力center in Virginia, announced a new technique that will allow parents to choose the sex of their baby-to-be, before it has even been conceived. The scientist used a tiny laser detector to measure the DNA in millions of sperm cells as they pass single file through a narrow tube, like cattle being herded through a corral牲口栏. In a study published last week, "girl sperm," which has more DNA—the genetic material—in each cell, was collected, while "boy sperm" was discarded. And whenpurified girl sperm was used to impregnate使受孕a group of mothers, 15 of 17 resulting babies turned out to be girls.The researchers say that "sex selection" can also double a mother's chance of having a son and can be usedto avoid genetic diseases that affect only one gender, such as hemophilia血友病. But some experts, like New York University fertility specialist Dr. Jamie Grifo, worry that sex selection could lead to a kind ofin uteri子宫discrimination, especially in cultures where sons are considered superior to daughters. "It's valuing one gender' over another," Grifo says. "I don't think that's something we should be doing." So far, patients at the institute have been asking for both boys and girls, in order to "balance" their families. And some ethics experts say that's fine, as long as parents are just looking for a little gender variety. "If you have three boys, and you want a girl," says University of Texas reproductive-law professor John Robertson, "that's not gender bias at all."练习题：Choose correct answers to the question:1.The DNA in the sperm cells can be measured ______.A.in the same way how the cattle are herdedB.when they pass through a tube one behind the otherC.after they pass through a laser tubeD.when they are scanned by a laser detector all at a time2.The gender of the baby is decided by ______.A.the father's DNAB.the mother's DNAC.the father's spermD.the mother's egg3.According to this passage, the practice of "sex selection" ______.A.can help to prevent all genetic problemsB.is totally unacceptable to ethics expertsC.was already realized five hundred years agoD.will benefit families with certain inheritable diseases4.Girl sperm was preferred to boy sperm in the research most probably because____A.girl sperm contains more genetic materialB.more mother want to have girl babiesC.girl sperm is healthier and more activeD.girl sperm is more easily purified5.It can be concluded from the passage that author’s toward”sex selection”is____A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.favorable1.[B] 推理判断题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷8(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments. “It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said. “Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range. “But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. ““It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. “There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”1．What do people generally believe about aging?A．It should cause no alarm whatsoever.B．They just cannot do anything about it.C．It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D．They can delay it with advances in science.正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷10(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.The phrase almost completes itself; midlife crisis. It’s the stage in the middle of the journey when people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and death approaching. There’s only one problem with the cliche (套话). It isn’t true. “In fact, there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies conducted decades ago,” Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book, Life Reimagined. The bulk of the research shows that there may be a pause, or a shifting of gears in the 40 s or 50 s, but this shift “can be exciting, rather than terrifying”. Barbara Hagerty looks at some of the features of people who turn midlife into a rebirth. They break routines, because “autopilot is death”. They choose purpose over happiness—having a clear sense of purpose even reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. They give priority to relationships, as careers often recede (逐渐淡化). Life Reimagined paints a picture of middle age that is far from gloomy. Midlife seems like the second big phase of decision-making. Your identity has been formed; you’ve built up your resources; and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure. Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way. At middle age, he wrote, “the sowing is behind; now is the time to reap. The run has been taken; now is the time to leap. Preparation has been made; now is the time for the venture of the work itself.”The middle-aged person, Barth continued, can see death in the distance, but moves with a “measured haste” to get big new things done while there is still time. What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today. People are healthy and energetic longer. We have presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68, 69 and 74. A longer lifespan is changing the narrative structure of life itself. What could have been considered the beginning of a descent is now a potential turning point—the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of.1．What does the author think of the phrase “midlife crisis”?A．It has led to a lot of debate.B．It is widely acknowledged.C．It is no longer fashionable.D．It misrepresents real life.正确答案：B解析：推理题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping—where you hand over notes and count out change in return—now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores—Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance—you don’t go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa. Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I’m just old-fashioned. But earning money isn’t quick or easy for most of us. Isn’t it a bit weird that spending it should happen in half a blink(眨眼)of an eye? Doesn’t a wallet—that time-honoured Friday-night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness—represent something that matters? But I’ll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet—the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets—is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad. The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble(鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.1．What is happening to the wallet?A．It is disappearing.B．It is being fattened.C．It is becoming costly.D．It is changing in style.正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(13)
大学英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(13)导读：本文大学英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(13)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。
Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowing passage.Scientists at Washington University School of Medicine in the US found higher levels of protein S1PR2(磷酸鞘氨醇受体蛋白)in tests on the brains of female mice and dead women with MS than in male equivalents.Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis(多发性硬化症).Experts said the finding was”really interesting”.MS affects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord，which causes problems with muscle movement，balance and vision.It is a major cause of disability,and affects about 1 00，000 people in the UK.Abnormal immune cells aRack nerve cells in the central Nervous system in MS patients.There is currently no cure，A.though there are treatments that can help in the early stages of the disease.Researchers in Missouri looked at relapsing remitting(复发缓解型)MS，where people have distinct attacks of symptoms that tllen fade away either partially or completely.About 85%of all people with MS have this type.Scientists studied the blood vessels and brains of healthy mice，mice with MS，and mice without the gene for SlPR2，a blood vessel receptor protein，to see how it affected MS severity.They A.so 100ked at the brain tissue samples of 20 people after they had died.They found high levels of S1PR2 in the areas of the brain typically damaged by MS in both mice and people.Tlle activity of the gene coding for S1 PR2 was positively correlatedwith the severity of the disease in mice.the study said.Scientists said S l PR2 could work by helping to make the blood-brain barrier,in charge of stopping potentiA.ly harmful substances from entering the brain and spial fluid.more permeable.A more permeable barrier could let attacking cells，which cause MS，into the central nervous system，the study said.This link[between MS and S lPR2] is completely new一it has never been found before.Dr Emma Gray,of the MS Society,said：”We don’t yet fully understand why MS affects more women than men,and it’s an area that’s intrigued scientists，and people with MS，for many years.She said understanding the causes of MS was a“priority”for the MS Society in the UK.and could be“crucial”in finding new treatments.56.What can we infer from the last sentence in Para.1 ?A. Wbmen are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.B.Men are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.C.Male mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.D、FemA.e mice are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.57.What problem does MS mainly cause?A.In natured muscle movement.B.Bad bA.ance.C. DisabilityD.Bad eyesight.58.What is the relationship between the severity ofMS and level ofSlPR2?A. A.The level of S 1 PR2 is higher,the MS is less severe.B.The level of S 1PR2 is higher,the MS is more severe.C. The level of S 1 PR2 is lower,the MS is less severe.D、The level of S 1 PR2 is lower,the MS is more severe.59.What role does SlPR2 play in helping the permeability ofblood.brain barrier?A.It can make blood.brain barrier impermeable.B.It can make blood—brain barrier less permeable.C.It can make blood—brain barrier permeable.D.It can make blood—brain barrier more permeable.60.What can we infer from the whole passage?A.Four times more women than men are currently diagnosed with MS.B. The level of S 1 PR2 was positively correlated with the severity of MS.C.The reason why MS affects more women than men is unknown.D.Multiple sclerosis discovery may explain gender gap.56.What can we infcr from the last sentence in Para.从第一段最后一句话可以推断出什么?A.Women are more likely to be diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.女性更容易被诊断出患多发性硬化症。
2022年6月英语四级真题仔细阅读原文及答案
2022年6月英语四级真题仔细阅读原文及答案Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between thewell-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomesof the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals andsociety, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. And they will live longer thanever before. Over the ne某t 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almostdouble, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The e某perience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuadedmany observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks ofpensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend,the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among youngerunskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most e某treme inAmerica, where well-educated baby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting offretirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used toencourage people to retire early. Rising life e某pectancy(预期寿命), combined with the replacementof generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones,means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But thechanging nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, andthose people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderlyare more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce thatshift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do notnecessarily decline with age.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Losing your ability to think and remember is pretty scary. We know the risk of dementia (痴呆症) increases with age. But if you have memory slips, you probably needn’t worry. There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss. After age 50, it’s quite common to have trouble remembering the names of people, places and things quickly, says Dr. Kirk Daffher of Brigham and Women’ s Hospital in Boston. The brain ages just like the rest of the body. Certain parts shrink, especially areas in the brain that are important to learning, memory and planning. Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain. And blood flow can be reduced as blood vessels narrow. Forgetting the name of an actor in a favorite movie, for example, is nothing to worry about. But if you forget the plot of the movie or don’ t remember even seeing it, that’ s far more concerning, Daffner says. When you forget entire experiences, he says, that’ s “ a red flag that something more serious may be involved “. Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong. But even then, Daffner says, people shouldn ‘t panic. There are many things that can cause confusion and memory loss, including health problems like temporary stoppage of breathing during sleep, high blood pressure, or depression, as well as medications (药物) like antidepressants. You don’ t have to figure this out on your own. Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory. And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent it by building up your brain’ s cognitive (认知的) reserve, Daffner says. “Read books, go to movies, take on new hobbies or activities that force one to think in novel ways,” he says. In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.1．Why does the author say that one needn’t be concerned about memory slips?A．Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.B．They occur only among certain groups of people.C．Not all of them are related to one’ s age.D．They are quite common among fifty-year-olds.正确答案：A解析：细节题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.A new study shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nation s professional economists, a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public. “As a group, we are pro-market,” says Ann Mari May, co-author of the study and a University of Nebraska economist. “But women are more likely to accept government regulation and involvement in economic activity than our male colleagues. ““It’s very puzzling,” says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. “Not a day goes by that I don’t ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side. “ A native of France, de Rugy supported government intervention(干预)early in her life but changed her mind after studying economics. “We want many of the same things as liberals—less poverty, more health care—but have radically different ideas on how to achieve it. “Liberal economist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession, confirming each other’s anti-regulation views. Women, as outsiders, “are more likely to think independently or at least see people outside of the economics profession as forming their peer group,”he says. The gender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates(博士学位)now go to women. “More diversity is needed at the table when public policy is discussed,” May says. Economists do agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has too much regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agree with their female colleagues that military spending is too high. The genders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality for women. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and women is largely the result of individuals’skills, experience and voluntary choices. Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-l. The biggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favor men. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or the process is neutral.1．What is the finding of the new study?A．The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.B．Men and women understand economics quite differently.C．The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.D．Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy.正确答案：D2．What does Ann Mari May say about female economists?A．They are strongly against male domination in the economics profession.B．They tend to support government intervention in economic activity.C．They usually play an active role in public policy-making.D．They are mostly strong advocates of free market economy.正确答案：B3．What do we learn about economist Veronique de Rugy?A．She represents most female economists’ standpoint.B．She devotes herself to eliminating women’s poverty.C．Her study of economics changed her view on government’s role in economic activities.D．Her academic background helped her get into the inner circle of the economics profession.正确答案：C4．What does Ann Mari May imply about public policy-making?A．More female economists should get involved.B．It should do justice to female economists’ studies.C．More attention should be paid to women’s rights.D．It should aim at sustainable development.正确答案：A5．On what issue do male and female economists differ most?A．Government regulation.B．Job creation.C．Military spending.D．Gender equality.正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。
英语四级仔细阅读训练题附答案
英语四级仔细阅读训练题附答案In the United States, it is not customary to telephone somenone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner partyis extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not truein all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of thime differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between peopelfrom cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for edample. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no noe would think of keepinga business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.1."The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.."Here" attached" means ________a. takenb. drawnc. givend. shown2. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at dawn, this would mean________.a. the matter is importantb. the matter is somewhat importantc. the matter requires immediate attentiond. it is a matter of life and death3. According to this passage, time plays an important role in ________.a. everyday lifeb. shool lifec. communicationsd. private life4. The best title for this passage is ________.a. the voices of timeb. the importance of timec. the importance of an ammouncementd. time and tide wait for no man5. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree to whichof the following statements?a. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four daysbefore a dinner party date in U. S. A.b. It may be appropriate to send your invitation to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.c. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.d. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.cdcabLiberia, the oldest independent Negro state in West A frica, has been struggling for survial ever since its foundation in 1822. Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early 19th century, and the West Africans whoseancestors never left the continent. Though the two groups are of the same race, they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders.In addition, neighboring states, native tribel, disease, and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult. The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet. Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's sruvival. However, not until Harvey Firestone, the American rubber king, decided that the United States must produce itsown rubber - with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations - did liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget.The rubber industry, founded in the 1920's, and the activity that followed it brought both progerss and profit to Liberia. Before that time Liberia had no roads, no mechanical transport and no good port; its people had little education and few tools. Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber. For this reason, the recent discovery of iron ore is important. Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the ruvver industry and to estaglish the country's political and economic independence.1. Liberia has been in idffculty since its independence mainly because________.a. the american negroes do not want to help the country.b. there have been constant hostillity and suspicion between different tribes in the country.c. there haven been constant hostility and suspicion between two groups of the same tride.d. the goverment has adoped a wrong policy2."The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet."to make ends meet" means ________.a. the goverment has to borrow money from othersb. the goverment has to lend money to othersc. the goverment doesn't have to borrow or lend moneyd. the goverment has either to borrow or to lend money3. The country's finance began to improve a bit in ________.a.1822b.1910c.1920d.1920's4. The Liberians's attitude on to improve a bit in ________.a. a total agreementb. a total disagreementc. a hostilityd. not a total agreement5. The best title for this passage is ________.a. American Negroes in West Africab. liberia - a poor countryc. liberia and its developmentd. liberia - a country with rich rubber and ironccbdc感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷5(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage. I hate tipping. I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry. Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system. One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this: in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received. So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.1．What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A．He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B．He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C．He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D．He lives comfortably without getting any tips.正确答案：B解析：作者在文章第一段第三句表示支持比尔·佩里主张摒弃小费的制度，原文中ban tipping和B)中get rid of the tipping practice意思相同，故B)为答案。
英语四级仔细阅读真题总三套题及答案
2014年6月英语真题（第一套）及答案Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Wheny oung womenw ere found to make only 82 percent of what theirmale peers do just one year out of college, many were at a lossto explain it.All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap-that women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that theydon't seek as many management roles-failed to justify this one. These young women didn't have kids yet. And because they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of these women yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matter how many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequal one. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students' years on campus.Now that womena re the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number of undergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one mightthink the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend to major in less rigorous （非常严格的） subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educatedyoung womene nter the workplace with a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, still stumbling （栽倒） over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Are they supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy （性感的） All their lives, today's young women have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion-to pursue science and sports, math and theater-and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are not negotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing.56. Traditionally, it is believed that womene arn less than men because .A) they have failed to take as many rigorous coursesB) they do not feel as fit for management rolesC) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at homeD) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities57. What does the author say about America's higher education system?A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.C) It does not take care of women students' special needs.D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.58. What does the author say about today's college experience?A) It is different for male and female students.B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.C) It is more exhausting than most women expect.D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.59. What does the author say about women students in college?A) They have no idea how to bring out their best.B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school.60. Howd oes the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?A) Women are too worn out to be ambitious.B) Women are not ready to take management roles.C) Women are caught between career and family.D) Women are not good at negotiating salaries.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Heading leadership literature, you'd sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader.I don't believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions ofleadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to （追求） leadership in thefirst place.We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whetherit's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine （神圣的） right, to take charge every timetwo or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can't be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience.Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher.True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn't their only tool. In fact, it isn't even their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answers, solutions, patterns, problems, opportunities. They know it's vitally important to do, but they also know that thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidate others to achieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all, you're dictating. A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Attitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift. It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn’t seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they’d like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not. The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged. Actually, this isn’t surprising. Whereas older generations are sometimes reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic usecases for driverless cars. This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones. When it comes to driverless cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education: 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less. Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lived in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driverless cars than those who lived in rural areas. While there’s reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person’s age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can become mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for sale, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.1．What happens when a new technology emerges?A．It further widens the gap between the old and the young.B．It often leads to innovations in other related fields.C．It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.D．It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.正确答案：D解析：推理判断题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷18(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷18(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, including our eating environment and our perception of the food in front of us. Studies have shown, for instance, that eating in front of the TV(or a similar distraction)can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect portion size and consumption. A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them —in other words, how much they remembered eating. This disparity(差异)suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. “Hunger isn’t controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal,”Brunstrom says. “This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought.”These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance)people who drank the same 380-calorie(卡路里)milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones(荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calorie shake. What docs this mean for our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food and avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite, Brunstrom says.1．What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A．How we perceive the food we eat.B．What ingredients the food contains.C．When we eat our meals.D．How fast we eat our meals.正确答案：A解析：事实细节题。
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,”said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction. Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learning themselves, teach others? One answer; They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students on the topic. But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the “ teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的) figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own thinking. Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action. Above all, it’ s the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’ s accomplishment.1．What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A．Seneca’s thinking is still applicable today.B．Better learners will become better teachers.C．Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D．Philosophical thinking improves instruction.正确答案：A解析：细节题。
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(1)Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.and D..You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.With so many of the deaths each year from around the world directly related to poor health choices we make.world health leaders have set a goal of lowering the number of preventable deaths by 25%from 2010 rates by 2025.That would save 37 million lives over 15 years.Reporting in thejournal Lancet，public health experts note that the ways to prevent those deaths areat surprising.But acting on those strategies will take individual and political will.Heres how the experts hope to do it.Not smoke.The UN General Assembly set a target of cutting smoking around the world by 30%by 2025.Already,higher-income nations that already adopted smoking bans in public places and instituted tobacco taxes have seen drops in smoking rates，however,residents in lower-income nations continue to light up at high rates.Limit excessive drinking.While moderate amounts of alcohol have been linked to some health benefits，overindulging can increase the risk of certain cancers and liver disease，as well as contribute to high blood cating people about the risks of excessive drinking，as well as instituting taxes on alcoholic products，has been somewhat successful in curbing(遏制)abuse.Cut back on salt.High sodium (钠)diets can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease and stroke，and in many developed countries，people eat several times the amount the salt their bodies need.In the U.S.，the average American consumes about 800mg more salt every day than health experts consider acceptable.Promoting alternatives，such as the citric acid in lemons，to satisfy the need for salt， Call help to bring sodiunl consumption down.Get blood pressure under ck of exercise and high sodium diets contribute to hypertension(高血压)，and uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke and heart disease.Monitoring blood pressure with regular screenings，and treating elevated levels with changes in diet and exercise，or medications if necessary,are the most effective ways to address this risk factor.Address diabetes.Closely tied to the obesity epidemic(肥胖病)that now affects developing as well as developed nations，diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease，kidney disease and other conditions that can shorten life.Studies show that lifestyle changes incorporating healthy diets low in sugar and physical activity call be as effective as medications in keeping blood sugar levels in check.56.What does the author mean by sayin9“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line 4-5，para.1)?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.B. Conducting those strategies needs to consider both personal and official will.C.Carrying out those strategies needs both individual and govemmental support.D.Either individual or government can carry out those strategies.57.What have high.income countries done to smoking?A. Banned smoking in the public and reduced tobacco taxes.B.Banned public smoking and established tobacco taxes.C. Dropped smoking rates and banned smoking in public.D. Dropped smoking rates and lowered tobacco taxes.58.What is the authors suggestion to sodium consumption?A.Eat lemons instead of excessive salt to cut down sodium consumption.B.Take in as less salt as possible for the sake of health.C. Take in at least 800mg of salt every day.D.Never take in salt but citric acid to keep fit.59.What carl you learn about hypertension from the passage?A. Moderate amount of alcoholis good for blood pressure contr01.B.American people have a less opportunity to develop hypertension.C.Regular blood pressure monitoring can reduce the risk of diabetes.D.Controlling blood pressure properly can reduce the risk of stroke and heart disease.60.What should we do to address diabetes?A.Keep a low.sugar diet.B.Take physical exercise.C. Receive drug treatment.D. All of the above.56.What does the author mean by saying“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line4.5，para.1)?作者说引号中的这句话是什么意思?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.政府和个人都希望将这些策略投入使用。
大学英语四级(仔细阅读)专项练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级（仔细阅读）专项练习试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Many families in the United States have a larger income now than ever before, but people are finding it difficult to make ends meet anyway. Almost everyone is wondering, “What happens to all my money? I never seem to have anything left to put away.”Why isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be? One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life such as food, housing or rent, clothes and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it. No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so they demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there’s a shortage of goods, the price also goes up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up. Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. A budget is a list of monthly expenses. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you’re spending too much on entertainment. Or if you’re spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.1．What has troubled many families in the United States?A．A not-large-enough income.B．Nothing is left over to put away.C．The increasing cost of living.D．A shortage of certain goods.正确答案：C解析：推断题。
大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析
大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析在日复一日的学习、工作生活中，我们都可能会接触到试题，试题是参考者回顾所学知识和技能的重要参考资料。
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大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析1The world has become a world of cities. With the present rate of urban growth(3. 8% in the Third World) , the majority of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year 2000. This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new example and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.This being so, one must accept the fact that for some years to come, no policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trend from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World. In Africa, the urban population will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million in 1995.The number of people living in shanty-towns (贫富窟) will inevitably increase in spite of the efforts to improve housing conditions.Africa alone needs to build 12 million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic needs. In an ILO study, M. S. V. Sethuraman estimates that in 70 Third "World cities the proportion of people living in shanty-towns varies from 15% to 70% and that about US $ 116 billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US $ 10 billion per year.The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year, with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them. The pressure on cities can only go on increasing. The urban population of the developing countries will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main reason for the high demographic (人口统计的) growth is poverty, the additional population will be mostly made of people of very limited means.21. If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000, the main problem the additional people will face is______.A. housingB. foodC. povertyD. limited land22. According to the passage, "about US $116 billion is required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century—less than US $ 10 billion per year. " Do you think which year was the article written by saying "less than $ 10 billion per year" by theturn of the century?A. 1985.B. 1990.C. 1988.D. 2000.23. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with______.A. a lot of difficultiesB. efforts to improve housing conditionC. pressure of the basic needsD. new models and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods24. In Africa, people in cities will be______by the end of the century.A. almost twice as much as in 1985B. doubled than that in 1985C. over twice as much as in 1985D. 300 million25. In spite of the efforts to improve housing condition, the number of people living in shanty-towns will increase because______.A. houses in shanty-towns are cheapB. shanty-towns could provide people with minimum comfortC. no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the present immigrant tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third WorldD. the Third Word population is growing at a rate of about 80 million people per year答案：21. C 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. C大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析2There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individuals intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when theywere giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Marks I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____. a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a persons intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______. a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same level b.an individuals intelligence is determined only by his enviroment ck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence d.changes of enviromentproduce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual s I.Q.______. a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案：bcbcc大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析3There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief inyour ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase. Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action. 1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals 4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案：adcbc大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析4Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the late 1970s ,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent . The statistic is reversing.Third ,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally,thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context,the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.1.According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.a.traffic accidentsb.smoking-related deseasec.murderd.all of these2.Every day there are over_____high school strdents who will become regular smoker.a.75b.23c.30d.30003.By "dropout" the author means______.a.students who failed the examinationb.students who left schoolc.students who lost their wayd.students who were driven out of school4.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________.a.NCI has taken effective measuresb.smoking is prevented among high school seniorsc.there are many smokers who have died of cancerd.none of these5.What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.a.smoking rates among youth have declined very littleb.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsc.high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealthd.smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds答案：bdbdb【大学生英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案解析】。
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2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析Section CPassage OneQuesti ons 46 to 50 are based on the follow ing passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certa in aspects of bra in fun cti on actually beg in their decli ne in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certa in men tal fun cti ons —in clud ing measures of abstract reas oning, men tal speed and puzzle-solv ing ——started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, mea nwhile, gen erally became appare nt around age 37.On the other hand, in dicators of a pers on's accumulatedkno wledge —like performa nee on tests of vocabulary and gen eral knowledge ——kept improving with age, according to findings published in the jour nal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults n eed to start worryi ng about their memories. Most people's minds fun cti on at a high level eve n in their later years, accord ing to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patter ns suggest that some types of men tal flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of kno wledge one has, and the effective ness of in tegrat ing it with on e's abilities , may in crease throughout all of adulthood if there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a n ews release.The study in cluded healthy, educated adults who took sta ndard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seve n years.The tests are designed to detect subtle （细微的）changes in men tal fun cti on, and in volve solv ing Puzzles, recalli ng words and details from stories, and ide ntify ing patter ns in collecti ons of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition （认知能力）generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia（痴呆）,according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain in sight in cog niti on cha nges, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decli ne."The researchers are curre ntly an alyz ing, the study participa nts' health and lifestyle to see which factors might in flue nee age-related cog nitive cha nges.47. 【题干】What is the com mon view of men tal fun cti on?【选项】varies from pers on to pers on.gradually expa nds with age.weake ns in on e's later years.in dicates on e's health con diti on.【答案】B【解析】Decli ning men tai fun cti on is ofte n see n as a problemof old age , but certa in aspects of bra in fun cti on actually beg intheir decli ne in young adulthood, a new study suggests.48. 【题干】What does the new study find about mental functions?【选项】diseases in evitably lead to their decli ne.reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.are closely related to physica l' and men tal exercise.of them beg in to decli ne whe n people are still young.【答案】D【解析】but certa in aspects of bra in fun cti on actually beg intheir decli ne in young adulthood, a new study suggests.49. 【题干】What does Timothy Salthouse say about people's minds in most cases?【选项】tend to decli ne in people's later years.flexibility determ in es on e's abilities.fun cti on quite well eve n in old age.fun cti oning is still a puzzle to be solved.【答案】C【解析】Most people's mi nds fun cti on at a high level eve n in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.50. 【题干】Although people's minds may function less flexibly as they age, they ____ .【选项】be better at solv ing puzzlesmemorize things with more easehave greater facility in abstract reas oningput what they have lear nt into more effective use【答案】D【解析】"These patter ns suggest that some types of men tal flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that theamount of kno wledge one has, and the effective ness of in tegrat ingit with on e's abilities , may in crease throughout all of adulthoodif there are no dispases," Salthouse said in a news release.51. _______________________________________________________ 【题干】According to Salthouse, their study mayhelp us _________________ .【选项】ways to slow dow n our men tal decli neways to boost our memoriesthe complex process of men tal fun cti oningthe relati on betwee n physical and men tal health【答案】A【解析】Salthouse said, "we gain in sight in cog niti on cha nges, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."Passage TwoQuesti ons 51 to 55 are based on the follow ing passage.The most important thing in the news last week was the risingdiscussi on in Nashville about the educati onal n eeds of childre n.The shorthand（简写）educators use for this is "pre-K" —meaningin structi on before kin dergarte n —and the big idea is to prepare4-year-olds and eve n youn ger kids to be ready to succeed on theirK-12 journey.But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, andscholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.The federal Head Start program, la un ched 50 years ago, hasserved more tha n 30 milli on childre n. It was based on con cepts developed at Vanderbilt University's Peabody College by Susan Gray, the lege ndary pion eer in early childhood educatio n research.A new Peabody study of the Tenn essee Volu ntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not susta ined throughthe third grade. It seems to me this highlights quality issues ineleme ntary schools more tha n pre-K, and in dicates Ion ger-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educati ng a child.Pre-K is con troversial. Some critics say it is a luxury andshould n't be free to families able to pay. Pre-K advocates in sistit is proven and will succeed if integrated with the rest of thechild's schooling. I lean toward the latter view.This is, in any case, the right conversation to be having nowas Mayor Mega n Barry takes office. She was the first can didate tospeak out for str ong pre-K program ming. The importa nt thing is forall of us to keep in mind the real goal and the Ion ger, bigger picture.The weight of the evide nee is on the side of pre-K that early intervention （干预）works. What government has not yet found is the political will to put that un dersta nding into full practice witha seque nee of smart schooli ng that provides the early foun dati on.For this purpose, our schools n eed both the tale nt and theorga ni zati on to educate each child who arrives at the schoolhouse door. Someshow up ready, but many do not at this critical time when young brains are develop ing rapidly.52. 【题干】What does the author say about pre-kindergarten educati on?【选项】should cater to the n eeds of in dividual childre n.is esse ntial to a pers on's future academic success.and policymakers have differe nt opinions about it.regard it as the first phase of children's development.【答案】C【解析】第一段：But it gets complicated. The concept has multiple forms, and scholars and policymakers argue about the shape, scope and cost of the ideal program.53. 【题干】What does the new Peabody study find?【选项】achieveme nts usually do not last long.third grade marks a new phase of lear ning.third grade is critical to children's development.has not bee n the top concern of pre-K programs.【答案】A【解析】A new Peabody study of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K program reports that pre-K works, but the gains are not susta ined through the third grade.54. 【题干】When does the author think pre-K works the best?it is accessible to kids of all families.it is made part of kids' educati on.it is no Ion ger con sidered a luxury.it is made fun and enjoyable to kids.【答案】B【解析】It seems to me this highlights quality issues ineleme ntary schools more tha n pre-K, and in dicates Ion ger-term success must connect pre-K with all the other issues, related to educati ng a child.56.【题干】What do we learn about Mayor Megan Barry?【选项】knows the real goal of educati on.is a mayor of in sight and visi on.has once run a pre-K program.is a firm supporter of pre-K.【答案】D【解析】She was the first can didate to speak out for stro ng pre-K program ming.56【题干】What does the author think is critical to kids' educati on?【选项】method.'in terest.in terve ntio n.'in volveme nt.【答案】C【解析】The weight of the evidenee is on the side of pre-K that early in terve ntio n （干预）works. What gover nment has not yet foundis the political will to put that un dersta nding into full practice with a seque nee of smart schooli ng that provides the early foun datio n.。