初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习(教师版)

初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习（教师版）

初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。

（一）细节题

细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。

1．设题方式

此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。

其主要提问方式是：

1）True or NOT true 是非判断类型

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Which of the following is NOT considered as …?

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for ……? 2）特殊疑问词提问类型How many ……？What/who/when/where/how/why ……?

3）排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage ?

4）例证题类型The author gives the example in ……paragraph in order to ……

5）表唯一细节概念题类型：……the most / ~est …………the only ……

2．技巧点拨

做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。

是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。

例证题一定要注意以for example ……, such as ……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有most （最高级）、the only（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。

（1）题干定位法

细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词what,when,where,who,whose,how,why等引出。做这样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，然后直接到文中寻找相关信息。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易

抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。

（2）跳读捕捉信息法

针对这样的题目，同学们只要运用Skimming（略读）的方法，先整体上阅读文章，然后从原文中找到相关语句进行理解分析，就可以确定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。

专项练习（1）

Dear Disney,

Last weekend, the four members of my family spent an enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdo m - Disneyland. And one event made our visit seem truly magical.

We got to the front of the line at Space Mountain, only to find out that our little daughter Gloria co uldn't take her ice-cream on the ride. We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allo wed on the ride.

Gloria broke into tears and we all had no idea what to do. Then Murphy, one of the staff(员

工) members, came over. She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and give it to her when she finished the ride. Gloria said, "Promise?" Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream, and she completely enjoyed the ride.

Sure enough, as we walked out the exit, there was Gloria's new friend with "her" ice-cream. No w you and I both know what happened, because we know that an ice-cream won't last twenty min utes on a summer afternoon in Florida. Murphy knew' what time we would get off the ride; she we nt to the nearest shop and bought a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we walked out the e xit. Gloria said, "Thank you," but I'm sure she thought it was the same ice-cream.

We know that someone tried hard to make our visit special. Thanks so much for going above and beyond!

Your fan,

Carmen Rivera

74. The family's visit to the Magic Kingdom was ________.

A) helpful B) awful C) frightening D) amazing

分析：细节题，从文章第一段“one event made our visit seem truly magical”，从magical的意思可以选出D选项。

75. Before the ride, Gloria cried because _________.

A) she couldn't find her parents in the line B) she was too little to take the ride

C) she couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride D) she had to wait for twenty minutes

分析：细节题，从文章的第二段，“Gloria couldn't take her ice-cream on the ride”可以选出C 选项。

76. Murphy was waiting for Gloria ___________ after the ride.

A) in the ice-cream shop B) at the exit C) in the front of the line D) at the entrance

分析：细节题，从文章的第四段“as we walked out the exit”可以选出B的选项。

77. In order to keep the promise, Murphy __________.

A) took Gloria to the nearest shop B) asked her new friend to help Gloria

C) helped Gloria get off the ride D) bought a new ice-cream for Gloria

分析：细节题，从文章的第四段“bought a brand-new ice-cream”可以选出D选项。

79. Carmen Rivera wrote the letter to __________.

A) order ice-creams B) promise to visit again C) express her thanks D) give some suggestions