化合物英文命名规则

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds 无机化合物的命名

（Prefix词头，前缀Suffix词尾，后缀Stem词根）

〔.Trivial Names 俗名

H2O water 不说dihydrogen oxide

NH3 ammonia 不说nitrogen trihydride

CaO quicklime

CaCO3 limest one

2.Systematic Nomenclature 系统命名

1）Oxide氧化物----- 先命名非氧元素

ZnOzinc oxide

CaO calcium oxide

CO carb on oxide

Na2O2 sodium peroxide

H2O2hydrogen peroxide 注：peroxide 过氧化物

2）Hydroxide 氢氧化物（base 碱）

Ba（OH）2 barium hydroxide

KOH potassium hydroxide

3）Acid 酸

Hydro acid 氢酸Ge neral formula 通式：HnX 命名：hydro- + stem of X + -ic acid H2S hydrosulfuric acid（英）hydrosulphuric（美）氢硫酸S:sulfur（英）、sulphur（美）HBr 氢溴酸hydrobromic acidBr: bromine HCl 氢氯酸（盐酸）hydrochloric acidCl: chlorine HF 氢氟酸hydrofluoric acidF: fluori ne

Oxoacid or Oxyacid 含氧酸General formula 通式：HnXOm 命名：Stem of X + -ic acid 注：oxo- （oxy-）含氧，氧代

H2SO4 sulfuric acid（英）sulphuric acid（美）

H2CO3 carbo nic acid

H3PO4 phosphoric acid P: phosphorus H3BO3 boric acid B: boro n HNO3 n itric acid N: nitroge n

If X has two oxidation states :

-ic: the higher oxidation state

-ous：the lower oxidation state

H2SO4 sulfuric acid

H2SO3 sulfurous acid

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HNO3 n itric acid

HNO2 nitrous acid

If X （such as halogens） has more than two oxidation states :

halogen 卤素

per-（过，高）+ -ic : the still higher oxidation state

hypo-（次，在,下）+ -ous: the still lower oxidation state

HClO3 chloric acid

HClO2 chlorous acid

HClO4 perchloric acid

HClO hypochlorous acid

HIO hypoiodous acid

General formula 通式：MnXm 命名：Name of M stem of X + -ide (-ide,化物)

Oxide、chloride、nitride、hydride

KI potassium iodide

AI2S3 alumi num sulfide

LiH lithium hydride

Oxysalt 含氧酸盐Name the metal ion first and then the anion

Naming anions:

-ate anions derived from the -ic acid(the higher oxidati on state of X)

-ite anions derived from the -ous acid (the lower oxidati on state of X)

HNO3 n itric acid

NaNO3 sodium nitrate

HNO2 nitrous acid

NaNO2 sodium nitrite

SO42- sulfate

SO32- sulfite

AgClO4 silver perchlorate

NaIO3 sodium iodate

KClO2 potassium chlorite

KBrO potassium hypobromite

MnO 42- mangan ate

MnO4- perma ngan ate

Acid salt 酸式盐Using “ hydrogen ” to specify “ H"

NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate

NaH2PO4 sodium dihydroge n phosphate

Na2HPO4 disodium hydrogen phosphate P: phosphorus phosphate 磷酸盐(根)Using prefix bi- + n ame of anion if only one acid salt exists

NaHSO4 sodium bisulfate

NaHSO3 sodium bisulfite

KHCO3 potassium bicarb on ate

5)Metals (M ) with more than one oxidation state

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Two methods:

①后缀法：早期使用

stem of M + -ic the higher oxidati on state of M

stem of M + -ous the lower oxidati on state of M

HgI2 mercuric iodide

Hg2I2 mercurous iodide Hg:mercury Cr2+ chromous

Cr3+ chromic Cr: chromium

注: In most cases, Latin stem is used if the metal has symbol derived from its

Lati n n ame.(mercury is an excepti on)

Cu:cuprum (拉丁),copper (英)

Cu+ cuprous