花卉在园林绿化美化建设中的作用

花卉在园林绿化美化建设中的作用我国目前正积极加速城市化的进程。城市化带来了现代文明，同时也造成了一系列问题，最主要的问题是生态环境的破坏。自然给人以健康和美的享受，人们渴望与自然共融。现代社会的人们即向往自然又离不开城市化进程中的一大矛盾。为了改善并保护生态环境，满足人们对自然的渴求，以植物造景为主，融生态、保健、科学、文化和艺术为一体的生态园林成了现代园林发展的主要方向，同时园林植物的应用情况也成为评价园林优劣的重要指标。

Is actively accelerates the process of urbanization in our country at present. Urbanization has brought modern civilization, also caused a series of problems at the same time, the main problem is the destruction of the ecological environment. Natural health and beauty to enjoy, people are longing for communion with nature. In modern society people yearning nature and without a big contradiction in urbanization process. In order to improve and protect the ecological environment, satisfy people longing for nature, mainly on plant landscape, ecological, health, science, culture and art as a whole has become the main development direction of modern landscape ecology landscape, at the same time, the application situation of garden plants become important indicators of evaluation of landscape.

1、花卉的含义及分类

1, the flowers, the meaning and classification

花卉的种类极多，范围广泛，花卉是园林植物中的重要组成部分，是园林绿化中美化、香化的重要材料。花卉能够快速形成芳草如茵、花团锦簇、五彩缤纷、荷香拂水等优美的植物景观，给环境带来勃勃生机，产生使人心旷神怡、流连忘返的艺术效果。狭义的花卉主要是指具有观赏价值的草本植物，或称之为草花。花卉植物种类繁多，性状各异。根据生态习性和在园林中的栽培应用方式，可将花卉植物分为露地花卉和温室花卉两大类。

The kinds of flowers, a broad range, flowers are an important part of garden plant, is one of the important material in landscaping landscaping, aromatization. Can quickly form plants such as flowers, bushes and flowers, colorful, fragrant lotus kiss the beautiful plant landscape such as water, bring vitality to the environment, make people relaxed and happy, the art of linger effect. Special flower is mainly refers to has the ornamental value of herbs, or call it sucks. There are many different kinds of flower plants and different characters. According to the ecological habits and way of cultivation application in landscape gardening, flowers plant can be divided into two categories: outdoor flowers and greenhouse flowers.

1.1露地花卉

1.1 open flowers

能在自然条件下完成全部生长过程，不需要特殊防寒措施。这类花卉能直接地栽观赏，但为调节花期或提高开花质量时也常温室盆栽。根据生命周期的长短又可分为一、二年生花卉和多年生花卉。一、二年生花卉是指生命周期短，通常在一个或两个生长季内完成生活史的花卉植物。

Can complete the whole growth process under natural conditions, no special precautions. This kind of plant can directly watch flowers, but also to adjust or improve the quality of flower blooming often greenhouse. According to the length of the life cycle can be divided into a, biennial and perennial flowers flowers. One, the biennial flowers is refers to the short life cycle, usually in one or two complete life cycle of flowering plants in the growing season.

1.2温室花卉

1.2 the greenhouse flowers

原产热带、亚热带及南方温暖的地区的花卉，在北方寒冷地区栽培须在温室内培养，或冬季在温室内越冬。这类花卉不能直接地栽观赏，只能盆栽，多为室内观赏或作切花。有些种类可于温暖季节摆放室外，冬季放回室内。

Native to the tropical, subtropical, and warm in the south region of flowers, in the north cold area cultivation must be inside the greenhouse cultivation, or winter in greenhouse in winter. This kind of plant can't directly see flowers, potted plant, only for indoor ornamental or cut flowers. Some species can be put in warm season, outdoor winter back indoors.

2、温室花卉的种类和作用

2, the kinds of greenhouse flowers and role

温室花卉不耐低温，是原产于热带或亚热带地区的花卉。这种花卉在我国北方寒冷地带种植必须安排在温室内栽培，在我国温暖的南方地区栽培，其冬季也需用温室进行保护才能安全过冬。主要种类有：一是宿根花卉，如万年青、君子兰、四季海棠等。二是球根花卉，如仙客来、马蹄莲、朱顶红等。三是蕨类花卉，如铁线蕨、肾蕨、蜈蚣草等。四是亚灌木花卉，如天竺葵、香石竹、倒挂金钟等。五是木本花卉，如一品红、变叶木、扶桑等。六是兰科花卉，如惠兰、建兰、卡特兰等。七是一、二年生花卉，如瓜叶菊、蒲包花、香豌豆等。八是多浆植物和仙人掌，如龙舌兰、仙人球、仙人掌等。了解花卉的种类，我们就能按照它对环境的要求进行科学栽培，就能更好地发挥花卉的作用。一般来说，温室花卉都是用盆栽的花卉。它既可用来布置室内环境，如车站、宾馆、大会堂及其它场所，又可装饰室外环境，如机场、广场、码头、路旁、河畔及湖泊周边地区。在园林建设中，人们常用各种花卉作为美化材料来装饰环境，创造出绿草如茵，空气清新，花团锦簇的景观景带和景区，以满足人们对文化娱乐、环境保护、风