雅思笔记
(完整word版)雅思阅读强化段笔记
雅思阅读介绍与基本技巧一、雅思虑试基本状况介绍1．时长：入场8： 00-8： 30候考8： 30-9： 00听力9： 00-9： 30+10mins阅读 9： 50-10 ： 50-5mins写作 11：00-12： 00口语 11-14mins考试以前，最好真题要做两遍，依据笔录上的技巧来做，假如来不及做，就调些文章来精读累积九分达人：雅思阅读真题复原2．阅读考试：a.文章难度分派与观察点Passage 1: 报纸，杂志，期刊，观察的是找寻定位的能力，观察考生的眼力，文章简单，题目简单， 17-18 分钟达成Passage 2：欧洲本科生硕士研究生的教材，观察的是总结粗心的能力，文章略难，题目是三篇中最难， 20 分钟达成Passage 3：科普文，观察的是对看法的理解能力，文章是三篇中最难的，题目略难， 18-19 分钟达成b. 题目： 40questions1.table completion / notes / diagram / flowchart ▲◆2.short-answer questions▲◆3.sentence completion ▲◆4.multiple choice▲◆：1.单项选择 ---细节，粗心，看法； 2.多项选择5.List of heading▽◇6.summary▲： 1. 填空型◆； 2. 选择型◇7.TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN or YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN ▲◆8.Matching▽◆ 1. 句末般配▲；2.看法般配▽； 3.信息般配▽； Classification▽◆c.雅思阅读答题次序答题的篇章次序是1-3-2，可是若有同学是对题型不敏感而是对篇章话题敏感的话，请选择你最感兴趣的那篇先做（拿 C7 的 test1 和 test2 做实验，看自己属于那种种类）答题的篇内次序是：先有序▲，后无序▽，先细节◆，后粗心◇二、 IELTS 阅读评分标准Number ofIELTS bandcorrect Readingscoreanswers39-4035-3633-3430-3227-2923-2620-2216-19三、影响考成的因素1.Basic language skillsi)Word study --- stems , affixes, prefixes + context clues guessingii)Sentence study ----a. identify the S. + V. + O. of the sentence.b. What to read(目 ) + how to read(技巧 )填空或许是：什么就找什么的目的是 what/who: n/doing---主，，表的目的是 what do: v---的目的是 how: 介短，状，表的目的是 why: 原由，果，目的 ---状填空的目缺成分就找成分：For example, desert annuls germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length. Regardless adj/adv 否认 Desert annuals respond to rainfall as a signal for reproduction.NA,B and/or C 必定是并列关系，性一致When(ever), what(ever), how(ever), where(ever), who(ever)/whom(ever), that, which, whose 以上些已出，个句子里必定包括一个主句一个从句，也就是必定会有两个或许是合存在。
101811-英语-雅思-备考资料-046学员100句第二次课14-26句翻译笔记
046学员100句第二次课14-26句翻译笔记14.接触不同的文化可以促进创新Encourage/introduce/promote/stimulate跟innovation搭配动词做主语，一定要变动名词。
get in touch/contact后一般接的是somebody。
可数名词不能裸奔！a variety of/varietis of15.政府应该重视社会福利，尤其是医疗服务可数名词不可裸奔！government----the government/governments pay attention to 注意某件事。
concertrate on/focus on聚焦在某点上。
医疗救助medical treatment词伙：give priority to 重视16.教育或许决定了人的工作机会考虑所有可能性和争议之后，人/官方做决定做选择用decide。
education是不可数名词，不用加the。
make a decision for sb /about sthdecide是及物动词，不用加介词，直接跟宾语。
词伙：hold the key to 决定了17.使用化石资源会对环境造成污染Use可以作动词也可以作名词，没有the using这种用法。
Destroy是毁灭破坏的意思，是及物动词！没有make a destroy这种用法，程度很深，一般不用。
Contaminate也是！程度深！可数名词不能裸奔！复数or加冠词，二选一。
Damage是不可数名词。
词伙：fossil fuels 化石资源18.建造住宅楼有助于解决城市拥堵问题congestion 审题！！表示堵车不表示城市拥堵！过度拥挤overcrowding本来就是一个问题，所以在英文后面不用加problem。
Establish=set up 成立、设立(公司) 非建造。
Crowded problem 中式表达词伙：overcrowded是个动词或者形容词。
雅思 Simon writting task1 学习笔记
第1-4种类型比较接近，都是 show numbers，只需要做三件事 （在两个detail里）： （1）describe a number or more ones.
(2) compare two numbers if there are more than one number.
Line graph
Line graph
Line graph
Line graph
4段式第一段：通过同义替换和适当的增加内容改 写一下图的标题来解释这个问题。
Line graph
4段式第二段：write some general information of the graph and make some general comparison. 这里的comparison 可以不出现具体的数字。
Line graph
No inion, No conclusion
Line graph
好的词汇
Bar charts
Bar charts
两种不同的对比方式
Bar charts
选取两个不同的shop的明显的特 点作为对比
Bar charts
Bar charts
Bar charts
Bar charts
两个维度同时对比。不论是Line graph， Bar chart， 还是Pie charts，都是沿着一个到多个坐标轴去对比， 描述随着坐标轴的变化。
Table
Table
分成两组（number, spending），分别叙述， 成为两个detail段落。在 每一个组里，分别从时 间跨度和国别跨度联合 进行对比，这两个维度 不要分开对比。
Line graph
新东方雅思笔记汇总 共40页
新东方ielts笔记汇总一．雅思考试介绍听力：听力教材、英语中级听力阅读：整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作：图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段，善于从现象中发现规律，趋势，提炼，升华，得出结论——科研能力口语：1.自信：不要太介意语音语调，语法，允许犯错误，关注内容，体态语言，2.小心陷阱。
要时刻注意沟通，符合生活逻辑。
不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。
3.3.争取主动。
4.4.有备而来。
在很大程度上可以预测。
二：写作总的指导5堂课：1.总的知道2.写作流程，问题极其对策（审题）——重点第二篇3.审题，指令，展开。
4.书信作文。
5.图表作文。
本身内容和语言。
最后总的串讲。
范文作用：吸取语言的营养，不能机械背诵。
三：写作总论1．用书面语言2．题目中有单词不认识：它可能是不重要的，或联系上下文可以知道意思，实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。
3．时间概念很重要。
重点在第二篇。
先写第二篇（写对位置）。
4．字数：第一篇至少140字（10到12句话）。
第二篇至少250字（15到18句话）。
5．四大原则：1.图表作文重点在描述，不要随意解释，根据文字可以复原图表。
2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路标行标”，承上启下的短语结构词。
3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。
并提供证据。
4.7分必须有复杂句子结构（并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式）；用词面宽一点，尽量不要多次重复。
第一篇用3个复杂结构，第二篇用5—7，个复杂结构。
四：作业21页task5 versionC(多少个字，多少句话，每一段由几句话组成，找语法错误，评论结构布局) 74页task2 严格按照40分钟写。
针对十个问题的思考1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段，2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）——第一段就说3．3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文）8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for,obviously,turnout,asaresult,and,intheend英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9．段落之间的连贯：形和义10．结尾部分是概括（英文）还是训导（中文）新东方雅思阅读笔记Summary做法I．确定summary的首末句在原文中的位置;根据题目要求;根据首末句来判断II．分析每个空格的可能语法属性III．根据空格前后的相关信息回原文锁定答案1.Summary中的以下成分不会改变：A.专有名词B.时间状语、时间C.地点D.人名E.数字及百分比F.金钱符号G.特殊印刷体及标点符号2．如果是动词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文定位该动词3．如果是动词+介词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文先定位介词，再定动词+介词结构4．如果是动词+介词+名词+定状补或同位语a.同3b.空格后的成分在原文中不会改变5．名词+谓语+宾语，a.回原文定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构b.宾语一般不会改变完成句子做法I．分析需完成部分的语法结构II．分析已给出句子的中心词，分为定位中心词及句意关键词1．定位中心词a)专有名词b)时间及地点c)人名、数字及百分比d)金钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号2．句意关键词a)句子的主语和谓语b)空格前的介词及助动词c)空格前的情态动词d)空格前的形容词e)句子中的比较成分f)句子中的否定及肯定成分III．回原文定位填空选项式I．类型：1．须完成部分的语法属性单一2．须完成部分的语法属性多元II．做法：1．分析每个选项的语法属性2．分析题目的语法属性3．进行选项与题目的语法归类4．如有可能回原文定位TrueFalseNotGiven(audiy)I.做法1.准确理解题意a)语法主谓宾确定b)是否有好坏、优劣、快慢判断c)是否有only判断d)是否有比较e)是否有范围比较2．预设否命题（Alternative）(audiy)3．划出已给出句子的中心词回原文定位4．阅读比较5．中心词分为定位中心词及句意关键词：见前笔记II．基本概况1．是语言考试而非逻辑判断2．不涉及比喻及修辞3．不涉及文化差异4．不涉及复杂的时态与语态变化5．范围考点只有only,all及most6．IELTS中TFNG中的所有金钱符号、时间及数字都只涉及精确程度而非范围判断7．范围判断：NG：a.Timewilltellb.设问句而不做回答;a+1nolessthana相当于8．原文中有itispredicted(expected,anticipated)that题目中有real,truth,fact则答案为：False9．原文中有条件状语从句或表明条件的固定搭配If(Providedthat),butfor(exceptfor)Ifnot(Unless),butthat(exceptthat)或表明条件限制的介词短语及形容语短语题目中去除任何条件限制答案为：False10．Only原则A．原文有三个形容词：various,versatile,complete题目中部分，则答案为FalseB．原文中A+B+C，题目中只有A、B或C，则答案为FalseC．原文中A事物或A状态题目中只有A事物或A状态答案：NG11．原文中有vow,promise,swear,pledge+动作状态题目中去除以上的限定，则答案为：NOTGIVEN(audiy)12．原文对理论学科加以限定（领域及范围、人名、国名及时间）题目中去除以上限制，答案为：FalseMatching题：一、类型1．人名及理论2．概念及定义3．完成句子的Matching二、各种类型的题的做法1．人名及理论a．首先分析意义理论的中心词b．回原文按人名的排列顺序阅读，理论一般在固定动词后的宾语从句中段落首末的人名及理论是重要考点c．中心词对应，原文及题目的中心词对应2．概念及定义a．首先确定概念在原文中的方位概念的排列对应原文段落顺序递增b．分析每道题目的意义中心词c．回原文按照概念的顺序阅读d．中心词对应Listofheadings类型1．10个选项，5-6个段落，选项标在段落后面2．5-6个已给出标题，段落标号写在题目后面注意：1．阅读主标题2．任何选项在真实考试中都只有一次选项，首先将example选项划去主要做法一、首先分析选项以及已给出标题哪些选项是文章超始段落选项哪些选项是文章结尾段落选项1．起始选项a．名词+of+文章主标标concept,conception,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification, whatis+文章标题b．动词+文章主标题，代表文章首段标题defy,justify(audiy)c．形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors,elements2．结尾选取项名词+of+文章主题effect,impact,consequence,generalization,conclusion3．哪些选项是文章的中间段落选项A．所有的比较选项都是中间选取项Compare,contrast,similar,match,coincide…with,contraryto,oppositeto,versus,akin…to,alien …toB．金钱符号指示词Wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenueC．统计数字指示词data,figure,demography,demographic,statistic,censusD．百分比指示词rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density(audiy)E．时间指示词decide,generation,ages,longtime,longterm,longtradition,longprocess,longprocedureF．分岐概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落二、如何阅读首末段1．阅读首末句，要关注首末句的语法成份A．主谓宾分布B．肯定与否定关态C．比较级状态D．是否定定义句型2．如果首末句是疑问句或都是描述性语句都要忽略不记，要其后的论点句作为标题选项的重要依据3．如果段落中有example或者example句型，要example前的论点句及其后的总结句4．如果段落中有人名及理论，则该理论也是标题选项的主要依据三、如何阅读整段1．要注意段落中的特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号（），“”2．要注意段落中表明转折的连词yet,but,however3．要注意段落中表明顺序的连词4．要注意段落中表明因果的固定搭配resultin,resultfrom,derivefrom,stemfrom,describeto.新东方听力笔记这是一套最新新东方听力笔记，希望有时间的朋友还是多研习一下，在方法上还是有很多提高成绩的捷径的。
101812-英语-雅思-备考资料-065号同学100句第八次课91-100笔记
8月12号晚笔记：翻译91：判刑对年轻人是有伤害，因为这么一个事实：犯罪的记录会给他们职业留下阴影。
A prison sentence can be damaging to young people, due to the fact that the criminal record can cast a long shadow on their career.1.Sentence本身就可以做n，不要用sentencing2.犯罪记录：criminal record是可数n，不能裸奔。
3.Penalization一般是处罚，情节不是特别严重，不需要坐牢。
4.Cast a long shadow over/on sth/sb5.Due to the fact that +同位语从句6.Can damage。
A prison sentence can damage sb说明刑罚可以直接摧毁sbbe damaging to /be harmful to 对....有伤害翻译92：我相信快餐广告和肥胖的普遍有直接的联系。
I believe that there is a direct link between fast food advertisements and rising levels of obesity.1.Fat在英文里是贬义词，兼嘲讽；一般用overweight ;fat不能做n表示肥胖，做n时候表示脂肪；2.Relation人与人之间，国家与国家之间，不表示两个物品的联系；3.Popularity流行度知名度，表示普遍不够恰当翻译93：政府的资金也可以用于污染清理工作，这可以创造一个舒适的环境。
Money can be used for clean-up operation, which can help create a pleasantenvironment.1.Cleaning pollution太中式，不用；2.Environment 一般不可数名词，如果它前面+adj的时候会用到a=与昨天的lack的用法一致；3.定语从句修饰pollution cleanup，没有表意的很清楚，因为这里是只有政府的资金用于污染清理的时候才能创造一个舒适环境，所以用，+which的非限制性定语从句4.Grant表示的是奖助学金，数额较小。
雅思听力如何做笔记
雅思听力如何做笔记雅思听力怎么做笔记?最有效?在下文中，休息啦小编就来分享一下雅思听力怎么做笔记。
雅思听力怎么做笔记听力在雅思考试中是非常重要的一个内容，但是很多中国考生因为对听力应接不暇导致分数差强人意，雅思听力练习就是考生们的一个重点了，在这里我们可以来看看如何快速的做听力练习的笔记，以期帮助提高分数。
小站认为，在雅思听力考试中，难度最大的就是如何做笔记了，那么究竟雅思听力怎么做笔记呢?在做笔记的时候，要注意一个原则，就是精简。
一方面在于抓住主要意思;一方面在于重要的细节和事例。
要记住一点就是，你做笔记的速度要与说话者的思想速度尽量步调一致。
当然，在做雅思听力笔记的时候，更有一个原则要注意，那就是要足够清晰，至少自己要能看懂，例如你可以把不同人所说的话分别记录在特定的位置，或者单独列一行，这对于把握和理解不同说话人的观点是有帮助的。
雅思听力笔记的注意点：一、要会抓主题。
二、要记下重要的信息以及事例，别的可以一笔带过，但是关键信息一定要用缩写的方式记下来。
(例如，cf.-"比"或"同什么相比";i.e.-"那就是";e.g.-"例如";以及etc-"等等"，还有其它许多，此处不一一列举。
三、就一段对话或谈话作记录的方法之一是，分别在不同的地方写下不同说话者的话，比如分成单独的列或行。
这有助于我们正确总结每个说话者的观点和思想。
雅思听力符号缩写G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation “C×”中的“×”表示反对，字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
雅思阅读笔记
雅思阅读笔记1小时完成40道题，时间非常紧。
得7分需做对31～32题。
拿到文章后先花2～3分钟浏览每段的第一句话，每篇文章总有1～2题就是第一句话，然后读题，每次2～3题。
题目是按顺序出的，若第3题在第2段，则第1、2题答案就在第3题前面找。
按题目中的关键词进行查找答案，关键词一般挑名词，如下可作为关键词：国名、人名、数字[数量、时间(若前面有before/after时,文中往往不会直接出现，会被替换掉)]、引号内的词、粗体缩写词。
答案成正态分布，连续4题答案一样是不可能的。
一、T/F/NG题型1、同义替换型（包括同义词、同义结构）例题：1、Few are more than five years old.Q：Most are less than five years old.出题思路：同义结构2、Frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are a loss to explain their demise.Q：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.出题思路：同义词（当然包括近义词）难点：要结合上下文来理解，不能只是对比词汇。
3、Tiffany was established in the environment.Q：Tiffany was incorporated into the environment.4、The nature of scientific method is inductive.Q：The scientific method is inductive.答案：1、T 2、T 3、T 4、T2、总结归纳型原则：所见即所得，原文讲的就是答案，不要扩展。
例题：1、For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes——still quite a rapid response——the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.Q：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.答案：1、T3、内容矛盾型例题：1、A species becomes extinct when the last individual dies.Q：A species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.2、PVA has been successfully used in United States to provide input into resource potential for using population viability to assist wildlife management in Australia’s forest.Q：PVA has been used in Australia for many years.3、You may qualify for the Common Interest Group system, if you are one of at least ten adults who are travelling together.Q：The Common Interest Group scheme does not apply if there are 11 adults in the group.答案：1、F 2、F 3、F4、范围限定型标志性词：guarantee must only例题：1、Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject to demand, Subject to availability, stand-by tickets can be purchased from the driver.Q：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.2、Since the Winter Games began, 55 out of 56 gold medals in the men’s Nordic skilling events have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.Q：Only Scandinavians have won gold medals in the men’s winter Olympics. 答案：1、F 2、F5、修饰词不同型例题：1、Frogs are sometimes poisonous.Q：Frogs are usually poisonous.2、Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a good job.Q：It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.出题思路：unlikely与impossible的词义辨析，unlikely指不太可能，而impossible指不可能。
环球雅思高分周末班课堂笔记 IELTS考试技巧
环球雅思高分周末班课堂笔记(学术类)Reading/Listening评分标准表：Reading/Listening5.5 19-226.0 23-266.5 27-297.0 30-317.5 32-348.0 35-368.5 37-389.0 39-40Listening注意听降调，重读，被重复注意连读：In eighteen …[ei]In nineteen …[ai]1. Note-taking题一心二意，单词拼写与发音Do not: 翻译，中文，全神贯注第4个字母是p,b,m，前面都是com, 剩下的都是con, 除了：comfortable听数字时，注意：8和9，50和15，“1+2”只听数字，忽略thousand, million…0．508：naught point five o eight$9.5 nine dollar fifty2. 地图题：找箭头，读参照物，绝对+相对，形状+大小：square, round, circle, sphere...3. 主观题：pre: 划路标词找“关系”：并列：and, 并列符号因果：for, so…路标词后，注意：语音，语调：降调，重读，被重复；空格前后的单词；下一题的路标词记录，不要拼写单词注意格式：名词：单复数，大小写Venue = place = where 一律大写，name, course课程名大写4. 表格题：路标词是时间均为间接给出有so后就有答案5. 判断题：（考点）数字（19，90；8，9；数字后名词偷换）；否定词（hardly, little, never…）; 比较，最高级；动宾搭配；绝对词（every, none, only, must）; 相对词if, sometimes; 情态动词6. 单选题：时间，城市无法AB重现选项区别大：正确答案肯定在题干后（先浏览题干），通常AB重现（语序调整意义不变，核心词，同意词<adj,n>）干扰选项：语音干扰…this means…答案已过去错误搭配Not given备注：所谓AA重现：题目与原文基本一致，照搬过来；AB重现：同义，近义，反义，上下义（从属关系）7. 多选题：AB重现+被否定并列连词后anything else?熟悉被选项，耳到眼到一连串的被选项同时被提到，第一个被提及通常是正确选项，答案跟并列词后8. 配对题Matching词性配对，题干定位Section 1 Interview Q-A, Discussion Q-A’-A’’-A（最后原则，最后被确定的是答案，so后）填空，注意字数，尽量用原文，冠词，程度副词可省略S3 Q-A-SummarySo, why not, just say 后永远有答案时间安排：最先2’30看S3，S4题干，当example的答案听到第2遍时开始回头看S1S1听力中明辨是非，限制词性及内容ReadingSkills: SQSRC（一定要看！！！很有用的阅读步骤，平行阅读法,千万不要看完一整篇后做题）1.Skim 1-2’大标题，段首句（1，2段必看，后面可挑看）2.Question 精读一个Q，划信号词（大写，引号，括号，数字，人名，地名，时间，专有名词，特殊名词，特殊状态名词…）3.Scan (根据信号词回原文寻)语言重现AA,AB,AC(句子内部和句子之间的关系的重现;因果,转折,比较)4.Read carefully 精读上下句5.Check and confirm 规范(审题,语法);心理概况: A类先找信号词,定位再答题3篇文章60分钟内完成词汇量要求:7000-8000题型: 重点:选择,Summary, TF/NG, Heading主旨题次重点: 图表, SAQ, SC, Matching1.Multiple Choice原则: 1) 我没选绝对词(90%): have to, never, only…2) 我没选”比较”比较级,最高级,<,>,干扰项3) 我的选项留有余地may, could, might, sometimes, perhaps4) D选项为ALL, 2条件必选ALL: A,B,C不相干; 出处有表示列举的词:and, also, another, additional, other, apart from, as well, in addition to5) 当题干短, 分析归类选项, 再验证6) D选项为NONE, 2步走: 文中划出所有A.B或其共同成分; 逐一验证其限定成分文中出现数字: 20%考点,20%信号词,60%垃圾,看大小即可2.Summary看语法,理思路短文首句要精读, 起止位置要明确,留意AB重现(包括非空格部分), 生词可照搬,有时调整顺序和主被动关系分类: 续写,有选项; 改写(几乎全文,有选项; 2,3段,无选项; 不知道几段)3.判断形式: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN; YES/NO/NOT GIVEN 答案要写全,写准确（YES和TRUE要分清，不能混写，不能缩写Y/T）定义: T Passage 与Question吻合F PQ 矛盾,冲突NG 未提及;有提及,但不相关,既不吻合,也不矛盾,证据不充分,不足以判断,不确定,不知道原则:其他条件不变: P小,Q 大, EG. Influence > reduce, T/Y其他条件不变: P 大, Q 小NGF: PQ明显矛盾(正反词,否定)不明显矛盾,PQ不能够同时成立NG: P主观, Q客观P用主观词(predict, assume…) Q去掉主观词,且不加委婉词(can,will,may…)总量与部分无关补充: NG不占多数,一次做两题,比较时要慎重(比较双方,比较点,比较方向; 3者一致---T,前2要素一致,第3要素相反---F; Q中比较,P 中不比没比---NG)注意修饰语的明显差别PQ 在数量,范围,频率,程度,可能性上存在明显差别P: SOME Q: ALL ----F4.Heading划例子,划段落精读所有选项,划信号首末句精读,第2句兼顾,中间浏览对比分析定答案注意:先细节后主旨;正确选项通常为原文主题句的AB重现若某选项与原文某些字词AA重现,一般不选不能重复选印刷体书写罗马数字5.图表题:定位3步法: 定位到某段,某句,某词6.Matching形式: TIME/EVENTS G类CAUSE/ EFFECTPEOPLE/OPPIONCONCEPT/ EXPLAINATIONPRODUCER/ PRODUCTORGANISITION/ FUCTION G类Detail & ParagraphWhich paragraph contains the following information? 最后做注意:乱序节省时间:做题前尽可能一次性记住所有题干的关键词题干通常AA,选项通常AB可以重复选7.Short answer Question看清楚疑问词,完整句: 首字母大写,成分:小写即可8.Sentence Completion有选项:先语法后意义Writing 20’+40’2种写法：段首顶格,段与段间隔一行(better) / 段首空4个英文字符段与段不空行Task 120分钟内写完分清什么图----找研究对象----2大审题方法Picture常考：A. Line graph / Curve chart 曲线图Bar chart / Column diagram 柱形/条形图Pie chart 饼图B. Flow chart 流程图一般分3段，尽可能用被动语态，不用第一人称A时态：Part 1 Simple Present（现在所见的）Part 2 Simple past （the changes itself in the past）Part 3 Simple present (现在所看到的趋势)Basic Pattern:连接手段必须有“如图所示”；四大要素，首段末句点题Part 1 4 major factors: pictures, objects, time, and dataPart 2 4 changes (textual level) + 6 comparisons (sentence level)Part 3 小结+趋势(上升或下降)4 changes: 升降波平6 comparisons:分比；比率；倍；分（1/3）；数值；排位place, positionBFlow chart: 一般现在时，中间多用被动语态Part 1 2-3 major factors: pictures, objects, given conditions, (materials given)Part 2 Process described: Passive被动（with connectives: step / stage）Part 3 Result indicated两大审题方法：切割分析法就明显的曲线形状进行切割分段（2条线不在一条直线上，2条线不属于同类变化）；迅速标上段号和点号，点>段（如下图，4点3段）1 2 3 4简易图示法如：3块饼图，每块有ABCD4个对象，则分别对这4个对象进行分析，看其各在1-2，2-3图中的变化趋势（上升或下降）Task 2 40分钟完成高分词汇：AA，AB重现；连字符词语: win-win situation; 名词化短语；一词多义的单词：bridge n. / vt. Brave adj. / vt. 勇敢面对六大结构：后置定语；排比句not only…but also…等；同位语；名词性从句；虚拟语气；否定兼倒装：Only in this way can we…; Not only verb + subjectFirst and Last注意首句和末句；首段和末段；每段的首句和末句五种题型：(1side一分写法，正或反面选其一；2side两分写法，正反面都要写，易拿高分)Do you agree /disagree? What is your opinion? (1/2-side)观点性辩论文To what extent do you agree or disagree? (1/2-side)Discuss both sides…(2-side)现象/说明性论述文Problem-Solution (Why-Because, Causes-Effects) (2-side)General-Particular (2-side)1 辩论文（一分法/二分法）一分法完全赞成/反对Part 1 我同/反间接或直接点题Part 2 同/反1同/反2 理由，举例Part 3 我同/反二分法7-8分1 2 3Part 1 我同/反/中立间接点题Part 2 同同反反反同Part 3 我同/我反/中立我同我反3种写法：势均力敌同=反先扬后抑同>反先抑后扬同<反第一种“同=反”比较难写，不要轻易尝试Part 1 首段末句必须中立点题Part 2 中间部分必须互反：利弊，迟早，新旧，今昔对比互反Part 3 末段首句必须明确表态（赞成/反对）2．论述文Question-Answer PatternPart 1 WhatPart 2 Why1Why2Part 3 How常考话题：新技术，电脑代替传统的工具等；教育；环境资源；家庭；交通；政府资助Speaking尽量多说复杂句，定语从句，虚拟语气等1. General topics 4-5min “warm-up”familiar topics个人情况等等强调adj. Adv. Number. negative名词动词比喻修饰2. Particular topics 说1-2min 之前1min准备3．Abstract questions 4-5min Discuss!!!万能话题：旅游a place；平凡的人；名人；书最新雅思大作文不变应万变语篇通式Mighty Writing [Given Info Analysed on the Textual and lexical Levels]: [Chinese Version]:第一部分引、缩、点人们随着新千年高科技的发展可以借助网银或者在线采购等方式完成此类工作，有人认为这给生活带来很大便利。
雅思单词笔记
Alphabet n. 字母Abandon 抛弃BandBond 纽带联系BendBend overBoundBe bound to HusbandHouseHousewife HouseworkBan-bannedBunchA bunch of AbundantApart 离开PartAbroad-go abroadgo aboardBroadAroundRound Roundabout surround围绕SurroundingAcrossCrossCrossing CrossroadsRoadRing-road SideroadSidewalkRoutineIn-insideEx-exitSuper-supermanSub-subwayEnjoy-joy Compass指南针-pass Research-search AbleUnableDisabled 残疾Ability能力Disability EnjoyableReasonableReasonChangeableChangeExchangeExchange student交换生Admirable 值得赞赏的、很好的Admire 钦佩、羡慕MirrorMiracleComfortableUncomfortableComfort zone 舒适区It takes time andeffort to do a goodjob.想做好一件事，需要花时间和努力。
Fore sb. To do sth 强迫某人做某事WorkforceFierce 猛烈A fierce snow storm一场猛烈的暴风雪Unbelievable 难以置信的Believe 相信BeliefCreditThose wereincredible days 那些日子真的太棒了Impossible 不可能的Possible 可能的PossilbilityPossiblyPotential market 潜在市场Abnormal = that isnot normalNormalAbove 在上面Below 在下面These new chances belong to theyounger generation.新的机会，属于年轻一代Belong to 属于Aboard上（船、车、飞机等）Board 木板Border 边境，国界Bridge 桥Skateboard冰鞋Skate溜冰Ski 滑雪SkillSkilledSkillfulSkillfullyI am absent from the meeting,我缺席了会议Absent 缺席Absence 缺席Present 出现、呈现Presentation 演示PreparePreparationPresident 总统RepresentRepresentativeAbrupt 突然的、意外的Interrupt 打断Our life is interrupted.我们的生活被打扰了Internet 互联网Net 网Corrupt 贪污的Erupt 火山爆发Arid 干旱A friendly and relaxedAtmosphere 大气层、氛围balmy温和的= mild = temperate= moderateBarometer气压计= indicator指示器Blast一阵风= gust = blowBlizzard 大风雪Breeze 微风Chill 变冷chilly寒冷的ClimateWeatherAtmosphereCondense浓缩Convection zone 对流层Crystal 水晶Current 气流Humid= Damp 潮湿= dank = clammy = humidity = moisture Dew 露水Downpour倾盆大雨Drizzle 下细雨= rain = sprinkle droplet小滴Drought 干旱= aridity= dry period = prolonged lack of rain Frigid 严寒的Frost 霜Funnel 漏斗云Gale大风Greenhouse effect 温室效应Hail 冰雹Hurricane 飓风Meteorology 气象学Moisture 潮湿Oxygen氧气Ozone layer 臭氧层Precipitate 加速Precipitation 降水Saturate 饱和Fog 雾Serene 平静的Smog 烟雾Temperature 温度Tempest 暴风雨Tepid = lukewarm = warm 微温的Tornado龙卷风Troposphere 对流层Typhoon 台风Vapor 水蒸气Whirlwind 旋风Christianity 基督教Catholicism 天主教Protestantism 新教Reformation 改革Lutheranism 路德教Calvinism 加尔文教派Methodism 卫理公会Puritanism 清教Judaism 犹太教Islamism 伊斯兰教Buddhism 佛教Daoism 道教Paganism 拜物主义Atheism 无神论Mammal哺乳动物Buffalo水牛Calf 小牛Zebra斑马Antelope 羚羊Gazelle瞪羚Reindeer 驯鹿Dromedary 单峰骆驼Rhinoceros 犀牛Leopard 豹子Beaver 狸Chimpanzee 黑猩猩Gorilla大猩猩Hedgehog 刺猬Walrus 海象Eagle 鹰Falcon猎鹰Vulture 贪婪的人Turkey 火鸡Peacock孔雀Ostrich 鸵鸟Canary 金丝雀Reptile 爬行动物、卑鄙的人Batrachia蛙类Python 巨蟒Rettlesnake 响尾蛇Lizard 蜥蜴Chameleon变色龙Crocodile 鳄鱼Turtle 海龟Salmon 鲑鱼Sardine 沙丁鱼Cicada蟋蟀Centipede 蜈蚣Butterfly蝴蝶Scorpion 蝎子Mollusk 软体动物Cuttlefish 墨鱼Octopus 章鱼Lobster 龙虾Prawn 大虾Worm虫Earthworm 蚯蚓Baboon 狒狒Moth 蛀虫Caterpillar 毛虫Dinosaur 恐龙Larva 幼虫Family 科Class纲Order 目Suborder 亚目Genus 种类Antenna 触须Tentacle 触角Spleen 脾脏Hide 兽皮Spine 脊骨Toe脚趾Bill 鸟嘴Beak鸟嘴Fuzzy有绒毛的Scale鳞片Nervous 神经的Grease 脂肪Jellyfish 水母Starfish 海星Porpoise 海豚Shrimp 小虾Sponge 海绵Plankton 浮游生物Oyster 生蚝Clam 蛤蜊Coral 珊瑚虫Crab螃蟹Reagent反应物Element 元素Compound 化合物Molecule 分子Electron 电子Isotope 同位素Polymer 聚合体Alloy合金Metal 金属Metalloid 非金属Derivative 衍生物Alkali碱性的Hydrate 水合物Action 作用Adhesive 粘合剂Alchemy 炼金术Biochemistry 生物化学Bleach 漂白Blast爆破Calcium钙Carbon 碳Catalysis 催化作用Caustic 腐蚀性的= abrasive = corrosiveCombination 组合Corrode腐蚀= erode = wat awayExplode 爆炸Explosive 爆炸的、炸药Gasoline汽油Ignite = inflame = kindle 燃Impurity 杂志Iodine 碘酒Methane 沼气Nickle 镍Nitrogen 氮Particle 微小的颗粒Polymerization n.聚合Scorch 使褪色Silicon 硅Sodium 纳Solubility 溶度Solvent 溶解Sulfur 硫磺Synthetic 综合的Tint 上色Zinc 锌Solution 解决办法Rotten 腐烂的Complusory 必须的、强迫的Optional 任选的Elective 可选修的Obligatory 必修的Socratic 苏格拉底式的Subject 科目、学科Discipline 纪律、学科Interdisciplinary 各学科间的Instruct 教导、命令Enlighten 启迪、教化Curriculum 课程Mathematics 数学Science 科学Arts文科Literacy 有文化Illiteracy 文盲Primary 初步的、初级的Secondary 二级的、中级的Tertiary 高等的、第三级的Matriculate 被录取入学Enroll 登记、招收Admission 准许进入Inculcate 谆谆教诲Rote learning 机械学习Credit 学分Semester 学期Specialization 专门化、专业Major 主修课Minor 副修科目Mobility 活动性Internationalization 国际化Confer 授予Award 授予、奖学金Specialty 专业Academia学术界Symposium n.讨论会、座谈会Autonomy n.自治Heuristic 启发式的Elicitation 引出、诱出、启发Universal 普遍的、全体的Elementary 初步的、基本的V ocational 职业的Faculty 才能、教员Chancellor 大学校长Extracurricular 课外的、业余的Alumna 女校友Alumnus男校友Transcript 成绩单Dissertation 论文、专题Thesis 论题、论文Scholarship 奖学金Tuition 学费Accommodation 住宿Allowance 津贴补助Didactic 说教的= instructiveProductionSavingInvestmentExpenditureCapitalCurrencyDenomination n.（种类、数值、大小）单位Demand n.需求、需要Supply n.补给、供应品Purchase 购买= buyInflation 通货膨胀Monetary 货币的、金钱的Microeconomics微观经济学Macroeconomics宏观经济学Consume = spend 消费Distribution 分配、分发Durability 持久力Nominal 名义上的Taxation 课税Externality n. 外部因素Asymmetric 不均匀的、不对称的Fluctuate 变动、波动Predictability 可预见性Trademark 商标Copyright 版权著作Brand 商标Appreciation 增殖Depreciation 贬值Depression 萧条不景气Discount 折扣Welfare 福利、安宁Efficiency 效率Unemployment 失业Entrepreneur 企业家Factor 因素Reserve 储存Fiscal财政的、会计的Industrialization 工业化Deflation 通货紧缩Index 指标Securities 证券Insurance 保险Futures 期货Inventory 存货、盘点Financial 财政的Budget n. 预算Equilibrium 平衡、平静Hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀Aggregate 合计、总计Incentive 刺激Profitability 收益性、利率Allocation n. 分配Rigidity 分配、安置Share 共享、份额Stock n.股票Payment 付款Stagger摇晃Distortion扭曲、变形Function 功能、作用Tariff关税Quota 配额Textile 纺织品Commodity 日用品、商品Poverty 贫困、贫乏Scarcity 缺乏不足Dearth 缺乏Surplus 剩余Privatize 私有Affluence 富裕、富足Prosperity 繁荣Deprivation 剥夺Paucity 缺乏Plethora 过剩、过多Abundace 丰富、充裕Compensate 补偿、偿还Merchandise 商品Enterprise 企业、事业Commerce 商业Discount 折扣Account 计算、账目Collateral 担保的Reimburse 偿还Refund 偿还、退款Transaction n.交易、事务Patronage 赞助Sponsorship 赞助Benefaction n.恩惠、善行Commission n.佣金Ransom 赎金Interest 利息、利益Bankruptcy 破产Acquisition 收购、获得Merge 合并Confidential 机密的Classified 机密的Military 军事的、军用的Martial 战争的、军事的Navy 海军Armada 舰队Flotilla 小舰队Fleet 舰队Campaign 战役、作战Diplomacy 外交Strategy 策略Cannon 大炮Radar 雷达Morale 民心Besiege 围Blockade 阻塞Expedition n.远征Mission 使命、任务Repulse 击退Rebuff挫败Revolt 反抗、起义Rebellion 谋反、反抗Revolution 革命Insurrection 起义Mutiny 兵变、反抗Riot 暴乱envelop包围Encircle 环绕Invade 入侵Wreck 破坏Demolish = dismantle = shatter毁坏、破坏Collision 冲突Debris 碎片Encroach 蚕食、侵占Exterminate 消灭Trespass 侵入Enlist 征召Disarming 消除敌意的Assault 攻击、袭击Offense 进攻Defense 防御Onslaught 猛烈攻击Armament 兵力、军力Disarm 消除（敌意）Neutralize 使中立化Captivate 抓住、捕获Fortress 堡垒Weapon 武器Destruction 破坏Warfare 战争、作战、冲突Rivalry 竞争Masterpiece 杰作、著作Gallery 画廊Exhibition 展览会Collection 收藏Inspiration 灵感Purism 纯粹主义Byzantine 拜占庭画家Surrealism 超现实主义Classicism 古典主义Baroque 巴洛克式Rococo 过分精巧的Impressionism 印象流派Literature 文学Folklore 民间传说Essay 散文Criticism 批评Anthology 诗选V olume 卷、册Drama 戏剧Comedy 喜剧Tragedy 悲剧Playwright剧作家Episode 插曲Biography 传记Improvisation 即席创作Eloquence 雄辩、口才Pigment 色素Portrait 肖像Caricature 讽刺画Easel 画架Bronze 铜像Sculpture 雕塑品Architecture 建筑、建筑学Contaminate= defile=pollute 污染Taint 腐坏Purify纯净Pollutant 污染杂质Ecosystem 生态系统Noxious 有害的、有毒的Toxic 有毒的、中毒的Lethal 致命的= fatalVenomous 有毒的Deteriorate 恶化Pernicious 有害的Decibel 分贝Hazardous 危险的Effluent 排污Emission 发射Inorganic 无机的Litter垃圾Nuisance =pest令人讨厌的东西Radioactive 放射性的Sewage 下水道ConservationRenewableAtmosphereForestationDesertificationPreservationReservoirOasisErrorAccuracyAngleFormulaFunctionAdditionDivideMultipleSubtract=deductAdjacent=neighboringAlgebraArithmeticEquationAltitudegeometry几何学Circumference周围Slope 斜坡Summation 总和Symmetry 对称Approximate=roughlySequence= procession =progressionProgressionAscendingAssumption=suppositionConclusionProbabilityCalculationClassificationCombinationLogarithmComplementarySquareCongruentbeautyConstantCoordinateCylinder=columnDenominatorDeviationDimensionEvaluate=estimate=assessHemisphereHorizontalHyperbolaIntersect=cross=meetIn+vari(变)+ance=n.不变性Increment 增加Maximize最大值Negative Numerator Dividend Pentagon Perimeter Permutation Circumference Permutation Quadrant QuotientFractionDecimal DiameterEllipseRadiusVertical Deduction StatisticsEven numbers 偶数Odd奇数Enumerate 计数Calculate =count Calculus Percentage Proportion ExponentIndexDerivativepower幂Arc弧形、拱Infinity无限Composer作曲家AltoTenorBaritoneSopranoRestRhythmTone=pitchScaleChordOrchestra EnsembleBandSolo DuetChoirPlainsongCantataSonataConcertSymphonyConcertoPreludeOvertureOperaMelodyLullabyEuphoniousMovementInstrumentEpisodePercussionWindStringDraftBillEnactRatificationApprovalConfirmationEnforcementDecree=legislation =lawmakingClauseProvisionPrescribeCodificationLegitimateLegalJurisprudenceLegalityContraveneInfringeviolateOffendTransgressAbolish=exterminateAnnulment=abolishCancellation=terminationAbolish=exterminateAnnulment = abolishCancellation = terminationRevocationimmunity豁免权Constitution 宪法Copyright版权、著作Patent专利、执照、专利品Penalty罚款royalties版税Tariff=duty=levy关税Taxation 征税Court法院=tribunalArbitration 调停Delinquency行为不良、违法行为Solicitor 律师attorney律师=lawyerNotaryDefendantProceeding 法律行动Hearing听证会InterrogatoryEvidenceSummonsLiabilityEyewitnessAccusationProsecute = accuse=chargeSueComplaintLawsuitPlea=appealDeposition 革职Indictment = accusation控告Plaintiff起诉Culprit 犯人Recidivist惯犯accomplice同谋者Harbour窝藏Convict罪犯、有罪Acquittal无罪Nonsuit诉讼驳回Verdict 判决= decision =judgmentNonobservance 不遵守、违反adultery通奸Perjury伪证Assassination 暗杀= murder Homicide 杀人Larceny盗窃罪=robbery= theft Swindle = defraudAbduction 诱拐Smuggle走私Embezzlement 侵占、挪用Bribery行贿、受贿Breach = violate 违背Corruption 腐败Slander诽谤Penalty处罚Imprisonment 关押Embargo禁运Indemnity 赔偿、补偿Indemnification 保障、补偿Compensation 补偿Extradition 引渡Domineering 专制的Heirship继承权Confiscate没收Invalidate 作废Captivity 囚禁Trial 审判=hearing= inquisition Detain拘留Extenuate轻微=diminish=lessen Empower 授权Saddle使负担Flee逃跑、逃离Abstinence节制Abstain from eating fat 戒吃肥胖的食物Veto否决V ote投票Rejection 否决Negate 禁止Stipulate 约定、规定Testify证明=verify = give evidenceSubstantiate 证实=corroborate = verifyObservance 遵守Impeach = accuse控告Indictment= charge =accusation起诉Delinquency n. 不法行为；少年罪犯；过失；罪过Incriminate v.控告Denounce 告发Query = inquire质问、询问Exempt = prevent=immune 免除Condone 宽恕=forgive= pardonRemit 赦免Credential 凭证Arable 可耕种的Fertile 肥沃的、富饶的= productiveIrrigate 灌溉Barren 荒地Wasteland 荒地Prairie 大草原、牧场=grasslandPasture 牧地草原Fallow = uncultivated休耕地Stubble 断株Straw稻草Mechanization 机械化、机动化Ranch = farmland大农场Hacienda庄园AgronomistLatifundiumlandlord房东Tenant房客、租用Shepherd 牧羊人vinegrower葡萄栽植者Horticulture n.园艺Dairy 牛奶厂Foodstuff 食品Livestock 牲畜Haystack干草堆Granary n 谷仓Windmill风车Cowshed牛棚Nursery 苗圃Seedbed 苗床Furrow耕Terrace梯田Plantation 种植园Orchard 果园Vineyard葡萄园Tenure 占有Plough 耕地Loosen松土Prune减除Graft嫁接Reclamation开垦、改造Manure施肥FertilizeDungfertilizer肥料SprayInsecticide 杀虫剂Pesticide 杀虫剂Herbicide除草剂Parasite 寄生虫Sickle 镰刀Combine 联合收割机Cereal 谷类Barley 大麦Sorghum高粱植物Prolific 多产的、丰富的Agriculture 农业Aquaculture 水产业Indigenous 土产的Husbandry 耕种Graze吃草Feed吃草Cultivate =till耕种Cultivate= foster= train 培养Hydroponics 水栽培Ridge 起皱Eggplant 茄子Poultry 家禽Buffalo水牛Conservatory 温室GreenhouseSheepfoldPigpen=pigstyTrough 水槽Anthropology人类学Perception感知、感觉Ritual 典礼Stereotype典型Exotic 外来的、奇异的Inexplicable 无法说明的MysteriousTabooPathological 习以为常的Stratification 阶层Tribe 部落Clanethnic种族的Ethnology人种学Minority 少数Descent血统=ancestryHybrid 混血儿Aboriginal 土著=native Ancestor 祖先Forerunner祖先Hominid 原始人类Precursor先驱Predecessor 前辈、前任Antecedent 先辈Racial人种的、种族的Nature 自然、自然界Avalanche 雪崩Mirage 海市蜃楼Innate 天生的、先天的Scenic=picturesque风景优美的Spectacle=sight= scene奇观、景象Jungle丛林Shrub=bush 灌木丛Gorge峡谷Plateau高地、高原Scenery景色Landscape风景Panorama全景Plain平原Tundra冻土地带Iceberg冰山Mountain山Glacier 冰河Deglaciation冰川的小时Valley山谷Peak山顶Range山脉Coast海岸Altitude 高度Watercourse 水道Estuary 河口、江口Matter 物质Vacuum真空Liquid液体、流体Solid 固体Evaporate 蒸发Density 密度Gravity 引力Velocity 速度=speedIntensity 强烈、剧烈Friction摩擦Pressure 压力Vector 向量Temperature 温度Conduction 传导Radiate 射出Expansion 扩充Quantum 量子Dynamics 动力学Inertia惯性mechanics力学Electron 电子Positive 阳的Negative 负电的Charge充电Magnetism吸引力Magnetics 磁学Accelerator 加速者Reflection 反射Mirror镜子Beam光束Image 图像Lens镜片Refraction 折光、折射Focus 焦点Concave 凹面的Convex凸面的Electricity 电流Kinematics 运动学Statics 静力学Magnifier 放大镜Wavelength 波长spectrum光谱Optics光学Optical视力的Translucent透明的Opaque不透明的Transparent=clear = limpid 透明的Current液体、气体流Relativity 相对性Oscillation 摆动Microwave 微波Ultraviolet 紫外线Infrared 红外线的Semiconductor 半导体Insulator 绝缘体Chip芯片Battery 电池Amplifier 扩音器Electromagnetism 电磁Electromagnet 电磁石Acoustic 声学的Sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声波学Supersonic 超音波的Echo回声Resonance 回声Chafe 擦热=sub= scrape Friction 摩擦Themodynamics 热力学Ventilation 通风= airing = air circulationDeclivity 斜面Dry= dehydrate脱水Dilute = thin = weaken 冲淡Clutter 混乱Chaos混乱= disorder Distillation 蒸馏Centigrade 摄氏的Thermometer 温度计Microscope 显微镜Telescope 望远镜Electron 电子Ion 离子Neutron 中子Nucleus核子Proton 质子atom原子Molecule 分子Emit= discharge = give off 发出、放射Diffuse = scatter = spread传播Vibrate 振动Precipitate 降水Decelerate减速Accelerate 加速Cohesion 结合Elasticity 弹性Compatible 兼容的Harmonious= congruousThaw = melt = defrost 融解Sociology 社会学Hierarchy 层次、等级体系Sociologist 社会学家Marriage 结婚PhenomenonUrban=metropolitanRural = rustic 乡下的Urbanization 都市化Migration 移民、移植Immigration 移居入境Emigration 移民出境Mobility 流动Community 社区Metropolitan大城市的Convention 传统Patriarchic 家长的Institutionalize 习俗Taboo= ban =prohibitionethics伦理学Marital =wedded=conjugal婚姻的polygamous一夫多妻的Tribe = clan 部落Connubial= marital配偶的Matrimony结婚Anathema 令人讨厌的事Linguistics 语言学Language 语言Sound音Dialect 方言Parlance 谈话Intonation 语调、声调Emphatic 用力的、强势的、显然的Paraphrase 改写Syntax 句法Symbol符号Emblem象征Suffix后缀Affix 词缀Prefix 前缀Root词根Sentence 句子Lexical 词汇的Paraphasia 语言错乱的Lingual 语言的Bilingual 能说两种语言的Philology 语言学Semantics 语义学Phonetic 语音的Syllable 音节Parisyllabic 同等音节的Phonemics 音位学Coinage 创造= create = fashion= inventAbridge 缩短= shorten =condense= abbreviateExcerpt = selection = extract 摘录Adaptation 改写Emend修订=amend=improveSynopsis=outline=summaryTag= label=tabGenre=style=mannerSuccinct = terse=conciseGrammarLiteratureGenre类型Satire讽刺文学Fable=legend = allegory=fiction寓言、传说Byword格言Comedy喜剧Tragedy悲剧Masterpiece杰作Author作家Profound=deep深刻的Contemporary当代的Classic杰作Diction措辞、用语Manuscript手稿Analects 文选、论集Literatus学者Renaissance文艺复兴Criticism批评Essay散文、短文Mainstream主流Nostalgia乡愁Connoisseur鉴定家、内行Editorial编辑上的Column专栏Circulation发行量Feature特写Drama戏剧Playwright 剧作家Antenna天线Universe宇宙=galaxy astronomy天文学Planetastronaut宇航员Launch发射Multistage 多级的Cosmos宇宙Sphere球体Celestial=skyGalaxy=nebulapolestar北极星Comet彗星Asteroid小行星Aerolite陨石Satellite人造卫星Constellation星座Nebula星云Equator赤道Zenith顶点Corona日晷MaculaRainbowEclipseOrbit=track=pathClusterJupiterLunarmercurySpaceship=space shuttle Revolve旋转Hawthorn山楂Jasminebotanic植物学Flora植物群Foliage树叶、植物Crossbreed杂种Photosynthesis挂光合作用Peel剥落Shell去壳oyster牡蛎Shoot发芽Vitamin维生素Cell单元、细胞Tissue组织Bud发芽Trunk树干Bark树皮Branch分支Timber木料sprout长出Shrub灌木Fructification果实blossom开花、兴旺、发展Pullulate发芽Tassel穗Zoology动物学Gregarious社交的Fauna动物群Mammmal哺乳动物Carnivore食肉动物Herbiorous食草的Omnivorous杂食的Predator食物动物Prey牺牲者Scavenger清道夫Microbe细菌Reptile爬行动物Primate灵长类的动物Mollusk软体动物Fowl家禽Monster 怪物Herd兽群Swarm蜜蜂群Flock羊群insect昆虫Beast兽Aquatic水生的Amphibian两栖动物Migrate迁徙Graze放牧Peck v.啄WoodpeckerHibernationEstivationDomancyTorporOffspringSpawnPregnantHatchDomesticateFertilizeRegenerationReproduceSqueakChirpCamouflageExtinctionNestNicheHabitatPresidentCongressmanCandidateOpponentAdvocatorAuditorEmperorMonarchDemocratRepublicanRepresentative = delegateAppoint=assignDictator=tyrantAutocrat = ruler=tyrantAristocrat = noblemanRadical= utmostConservativeMinisterGeneral = commanderEnvoy = delegateAmbassador大使consul领事Professor 教授Lecturer 演讲者Dean院长Director主任ChancellorAlumnusPlaywrightMathematicianAstronomerBotanistGeographerGeologistMeteorologistArcheologistArtistArtistArtisan=craftsmaninventor发明家BiographerEcologistCriticConnoisseurCommentator = reviewer = analystCounsel 辩护Lawyer=attorney= Solicitor JuryProxy = agentAgent = proxyDelegate = deputyArbitratorCommanderPrincipalClergyCrew = staffChoreographerEducatorFacultyPilot=aviatorEntrepreneurEmployeeAttendant = waiterStaff = personnelProprietorApprentice = learner = novice= beginner DonorBenefactor =sponsor=patron=supporterBeneficiaryHumanitarian =philanthropistspectator观众Audience听众Resident居民Mortal人类、凡人Believer 信徒Fanatic狂热者Atheist无神论者Adherent 追随者DiscipleZealot 狂热者Assassin 暗杀Burglar = robberBandit = brigand =gangsterbarbarian粗鲁的ExileRebelFoeFigureheadMalcontentSkepticFeministSuperiorInferiorSubordinate =dependantAssistantCoworker考古学Archeology考古学Artifact人造物品Relic遗物Remnant遗迹Skull头脑、骨头Antique古董Antiquity古老遗物Remainsremnant残余RemainderResidueVestigeTraceTrackPrimitivePrehistoricArchaicPrimordialMedievalPrimevaloriginateChronologicalPaleolithicNeolithicExcavationExhumeUnearthScoopPickDigDisclosureInvaluablePreciousCostlyForensicPhysicianPediatricianGynecologistPsychiatristNeurologistDentistSurgeonSanatoriumHygiene=sannitationClinicAilmentIndispositionAffectionUlcerVaccinateChilblainFractureDiagnosisIncubationSymptomSignIndicationRelapseRecur Epidemic Contagion Coma Treatment Anemia Appendicitis Arthritis Bronchities Diabetes Indigestion Influenza Malnutrition Pneumonia Rabies Smallpox Anesthesia Transplant Bandage Acupuncture Contagious Catching Infect Infectious Contract Acute Chronical Morbid Unconscious Fragile Susceptible malady疾病Corpse Tingle Bruise Fester Intoxicate Survive Inject Remedy Prescription Dissect Sterile Clinic Anatomy Sanitation Sustenance Nutrition MalnourishedWelfareV oteVetoRejectionEmbargoSanctionScandalStrikeParadePetitionProcessionIndignityMunicipalIgnominyDomainTerritoryKindomRealmSovereignAutonomySelf-governmentCommissionCommitteeRegimenRegimeElectionBallotIdeologyPrivilegeDispensationAuthorityAuthoritativeSenateCongressFactiousPartisanDiplomaticConfederateConfederacyLeagueAffiliateUnconventionalDictatorialDictatorshipDomesticCentralizeFederalDemocracyConferDiscussEntitleWarrantEmpowerAuthorizeExploitManipulateManeuverContriveConspireInspectScrutinizeExileOstracismHustleImpelOustCoerceBanishEvictDeportDominateAbdicateRelinquishAdministerAdministrationAdministrationInstituteEstablishSet upStratGovernSuperviseManagementInaugurate initiateAmendmentAlterationColonizeMonarchyDominionAnarchismMayhemDoctrineDogmaCreedV olcaniceruption爆发OutburstsquirtMagmaFaultCrustLayer Lithosphere Lithogenous MantleStratum Cataclysm calamityDebacle 泛滥的洪水FloodDelugeMagnitude Seismology Seismic EarthquakeTremorIcebergGlacierDiamondCraterCoreAluminum GeologyPetrifyFossilSedimentOreMineralBonanzaRubyLavaLimestoneGraniteEmerald FieldstoneGemMarblePitBoreholeVeinGeography Ethnography Cosmography GeologyToponymyOceanographyVegetation植被ReliefContinent大陆ArchipelagoPeninsulaIslandMeadowValleyswamp沼泽Lagoon礁湖Moorland 沼泽地Desert 沙漠Dune沙丘Oasis绿洲Savanna热带大草原Tundra苔原Topography 地形学Compass罗盘Meridian 正午Parallel 纬线Longitude 经纬Latitude维度Equator 赤道Zenith 顶点Inlet 小岛Gulf海湾Cliff悬崖Sandbank 沙丘Tempest 暴风雨Seaquake 海啸Estuary入海口Torrent = deluge =floodTributary 支流Confluent 汇合CanalRangeMassifCrevice=cleftPlateauMarineMoistEbbTerrestrialEndemicSubterraneanCavernantarctic南极的antarctica南极洲CoastlandHemisphereContourLowlandNavigationSalinityElevationFormationGeothermicTropicTemperateColossal=immense=hugeProdigious=colossal=enormousMassive =huge=enormousEnormous =huge=vast=immense=tremendousMighty= powerful=strongTremendous = huge=greatImmenseTitanic = huge =immenseGigantic = tremendous =colossalVastMagnitudeMammoth = giantGargantuan = enormousMonstrous = hugeImmeasurableIncalculable = inestimable =innumerableSpaciousExpansiveCommodiousRoomyBroadLooseCapaciousRoomySizeableV oluminousMinute=insighnificant=miniatur eDiminutive = smallMiniature= tinyPetite=slightTrivial= paltryInsignificant = negligible InfinitesimalMinuscule = tinyTrifling = insignificant = trivial Negligible = insighnificant = minimalExcessive= overabundant = inordinateMiscellaneousMultitude = host=mass NumerousRimptionMassivePlentifulAbundant = sufficientCopiousPlenteousAmpleLavishProfuseTeemingProlificSwarmPlethora = superabundance Scarce = sparsePaucityTiny = punyScantSparse = scantyInadequate=deficient=insufficien tScarcityRarenessDearth = scarcity = shortage SlightDeficientUndersuppliedLackingSedate = calm= composed Tranquil = quiet = peaceful = placidStatic = changeless=stagnant Serene=tranquilPlacidStaticSerenePacifySerenityStillLullRestfulQuietudeSqualiditySqualorDinginessFilthyDefileFilthNastinessSoilageDingyMessySlovenlyFrowzyObsceneIndecentImpureBlemishSmearSoptSmirchAttaintTaintStainGrimyBegrimedBlotchSmudgeSplotchRemotedistant=inaccessibleDistant=remoteProximity = nearnessAdjacent = adjoining= neighboringAdjoin=abutAdjoining = adjacent= neighboringPropinquityNeighboringBorderingAbutCircumjacentBorderAcid=sour=tartSavor=taste = relishAura = aromaSmellFlavorPungentFragrant = aromaticPalatableBalmyDeliciousSourPerfumeBitterOdorousVinegaryPepperyFishyGloriousGorgeous=beautiful=admirable=colorfulGrand=splendid = magnificentMagnificent = gallant = splendidRadiant = joyous = beamingSolemn = grave = somberSpectacular = breathtaking =impressive = strikingSplendid = magnificentSplendor = grandeur =magnificenceSuperb = excellent = first-rateCardinal = essentialChiefly = mainly = principallyCrucial = decisive = criticalDominant = predominant =prevalentElementaryElite = bestEssential = crucial = vital =fundamental = necessaryFatefulForemost = primeForte = strong pointFundamental = essential =elementaryGist = themeKey = dorminant = primary Largely = mainly = for the most partLeading = principal = chief MajorMerit = advantageDemeritMomentous = important = criticalMotif = theme = subject Optimum = bestPivotalPredominantly = primarily = chiefly = principally Predominate = prevail Preference = inclination = privilegePrimarily = chiefly = mainly = principallyPrincipal = main = chief = centralSignificant = importantSole = only = mere= exclusive SumSuperbTenor = natureVital = important = crucial = essentialActual = practical = real Authentic = genuine = real GenuineTangible = touchable = substantialTruly = genuinely = actually Unfeigned = sincere VeraciousMendaciousVeridicalConceive = devide = visualize Fantasy = dream = fancy Fictitious = invented = imaginaryFigmentIllusion = hallucination ImaginaryImaginative Mythical = legendary= fictiousOccult = supernaturalSuperstitionVisionalLegendaryDelusionHallucinationMysteriousPanaceaCure-allOmnipotentAmightyAll-powerfulSupremeElixirNostrumCompact = packedCrisp = crunchy =brittleCrooked = bent =twistedDense = thick = closeDepressionEthereal = light =delicateHectic = feverishImpervious =impenetrableLithe = flexible =suppleLofty = high =toweringMalleable = pliablePonderous = heavyShallow = superficialSlim = slender = thinSlippery = slick =smoothSloppySuppleTenuous = thin =weakCriticalDeleterious = harmful= detrimentalDeterment =determentalEndangerHarmHarmfulHazardHazadous = dangerous =perilousImpair = harm = damageJeopardy = danger = riskMaim = diable = mutilatePerilPerilous = dangerous =hazardousThreaten = menace = terrifyCrisis = turning point =emergencyGrave = serious = significantRuinous = destructiveImperil = endangerVulnerabilityPrejudiceCharacter性格Characteristic 特点、特有的Extraordinary = remarkable =outstandingGiven = specifiedIdiosyncrasyOriginalParticularly = especiallyQuaint = queer = oddTrait = characteristic = attributeAttribute = characteristic =featureUniqueAbnormal = exceptionalBizarre = odd = erratic =eccentricErraticQueerWeirdOddityWhimsicalAberrant = deviatingAdequate = sufficientBlockBulk = mass = volume =majorityCountless = innumerableExcess = surplus。
雅思小作文笔记(个人整理内容最全)
文章结构：Introduction, 1-2 sentences, rewrite the questionBody1, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字Body2, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字Conclusion, 1-2 sentences, 第一句介绍总数（可不写）；第二句做总结。
开头段：1-2句，转述原题转述原题3法：①添加单词②删除单词③替换单词（注意：改动不需过多，3-4处，即可）原题一句变两句，两句变一句。
全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。
开头段的时态：永远一般现在时【原文】The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.【改写】The diagram gives a breakdown（明细表）about different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.【原文】The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in America and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.改后：The bar chart illustrates the diverse levels of post-school certificates in the US and the percentage of males and females holding them in 1999.Level out (变得水平；持平)Example: In 1985, earnings leveled out amongst people with a Master’s degree and with a Doctoral degree.句型、词汇、短语：As shown in the first/second …….. ,According to the …….. ,Overall, it can be seen thatThis table shows a striking difference/similarity betweenThe most striking feature of the graph is the sudden increase in the popularity in the computer games.Another fact worth noticing in the graph is that …….后面接完整的句子如果要跟名词不加thatAnother fact worth noticing in the graph is the high cost of fuels.The most remarkable point is that …….The graph shows the difference between the percentages注意用复数of males and females doing full-time jobs.在表示百分数时可以用percent或percentage percentage的一个意思就是百分比(名词)就不能直接跟在数词后面,要表示"百分之36"时,只能说"a PERCENTAGE of 36" 而不是"36 PERCENTAGE"(因为percentage只能作名词);前者用法是: 数词+percent+of+sth;这时后面谓语的单复数以percent后面跟的主语为主,例如:2 percent of the apples(这里是复数的可数名词) are(所以用复数) eaten.2 percent of the apple(这里是单数,指的是一个苹果的一部分) is(用单数) eaten.2 percent of the water(这里是不可数名词) is(单数) drunk.后者的用法是The percentage of +sth+ is, 注意这里不管后面跟的是什么词,都用is(这里忽略别的时态)1.The percentage of the students is 46.2.The percentage of the water is 46.The size of the population will increase shaply in the future..75.6 percent of the male population over sixteen ... …16岁以上男性人群的75.6％.A small/large proportion of students are ……..In Britain people spent the smallest amount of money on personal + sth.大量 a large/considerable/substantial number of 可数 a large/considerable/substantial amount of不可数少量 a small/limited/tiny number of a few of a small/limited/tiny amount of a little ofLots of /a lot of /plenty of 即可用于可数也可用于不可数过去一段时间内的情况变化，用过去式。
雅思小作文笔记
线图：例：Direction: You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task.The graph contains information about the price in US dollars ofa barrel ofoil from 1995 with predictions to 2015.Summarize the main features and make comparisons where relevant.开头段：转述原题+时态永远是一般现在时■改变关键词的词性■改变关键词的位置a 同义词替代■灵活加入图表中的其它文字信息The graph provides information about the changes of crude oil price per barrel in US dollars since 1995 and predicts the tendency of the oil price till 2015.开头段常用词汇：Thegraph/the chart/theline graph shows …The graph give past and future dataconcerning …Thegraph demonstratestrends in/an overview of/trends in . …Shows: indicates/ unfolds/ displays/ reveals/ reflects/ relates/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ describes/depicts/portray/outlines/ provide an overview of…例：The graphs below show the enrolments of overseas students and local students in Britain's universities.The graphs provide information about the proportions of overseas students and local students enrolled in Britain's Universities from 1989 to 1999.主体部分1+X句：第一句总结总体趋势，之后分步描述(起点，极值，终点)。
雅思听力笔记填空场景之zootopia
雅思听力笔记填空场景之zootopia近年来的雅思听力笔记填空题部分，各位考生越来越多地会遇到一些与动物相关的场景话题，涉及的方面广泛细致层出不穷，让人目不暇接。
在这里，留学无忧的老师们悉心参照了最新的剑桥真题和近期考试题目，仔细整理出了一份在考试Section4的笔记填空中常常出现的与动物相关的各类词汇供大家参考。
除了作为已知信息外，这类词汇有的时候会直接考到拼写，其中并不仅仅是“birds”、“fish”等常见且简单的词汇，还考到了一些相对比较偏僻的词比如“flamingo”和最近考到的“spine”（考到的意思是海胆的刺、刺毛）等等让人措手不及。
这里整理的内容包括动物种类、一般事实、栖息地相关、食物、繁殖、威胁以及研究，对于常考拼写的词汇会用下划线标出。
species/breed物种英文表达中文解释音标/备注birds 鸟类seagull海鸥['si:gʌl] song thrush歌鸠[θrʌʃ]owl猫头鹰duck鸭子flamingo火烈鸟[flə'miŋɡəu]parasite 寄生虫worm蠕虫搭配短语be infested with mite螨虫microscopic creature微小的生物insect 昆虫bee蜜蜂补充：honey/honeybee wasp黄蜂fly(ies)苍蝇补充dragonflymosquito蚊子spider蜘蛛monarch butterfly(ies)霸王蝶['mɔnək;-ɑ:k]pest害虫pesticides农药，杀虫剂crustacean 甲壳类动物beetle甲虫snail蜗牛mammal 哺乳动物landrat/mouse老鼠boar野猪[bɔː]deer鹿hedgehog刺猬[ˈhedʒhɒg]bear熊ape猿chimpanzee猩猩[,tʃimpən'zi:]elephant大象marinedolphin海豚seal海豹whale鲸鱼fish 鱼类tuna金枪鱼['tjuːnə] shark鲨鱼seahorse海马salmon三文鱼，鲑鱼['sæmən] urchin海胆['ə:tʃin]reptile 爬行动物crocodile鳄鱼tortoise陆龟turtle海龟general facts一般事实英文表达中文解释音标/备注description 描述spine脊椎，脊柱；（动植物的）刺，毛wing翅膀fin鱼鳍，翅good eyesight好的视力crown皇冠V50908海马头部形状描写bone骨头bony adj. outer skeleton外骨架，骨骼organism有机体，生物体，微生物hibernate in form of"egg"v.冬眠，过冬kidney肾，肾脏补充：lungleg腿，足tongue舌头skin皮，表皮，皮肤feather羽毛fur皮毛hair毛发猩猩catch fleasfrom haircommunication 交流social adj.社交的whistle口哨，呼啸声net网，网络补充：networks smell气味，味道radar雷达补充：sonar navigation导航，操控方向navigate v. monitor the frequencyof监控…的频率substance 物质carbon dioxide/CO2二氧化碳补充：ozone layer oxygen/O2氧气mercury/Hg汞，水银补充：emissions scent香气perfume香水，香味water水，水分body fluids体液（复数）car antifreeze汽车防冻剂V40145蝴蝶幼虫冬眠时会产生一种类似汽车防冻剂的物质habitat栖息地英文表达中文解释音标/备注environment 环境migrationpatterns迁徙/迁移模式migrant adj.迁徙的，候鸟的ecosystem生态系统一个词，不分开ecology生态territory领地补充：maintenance,expansionwarm weather温暖的环境/天气land 陆地vegetation植被上下义替换：plants,grass,vegetabletree bark树皮bark做verb:狗叫，犬吠wild野外wind farm发电厂，有风车的农场desert沙漠，荒漠['dezət]verb:[di'zə:t]区分dessert拼写cave山洞，洞穴，岩洞dry adj.干燥的补充：moisture/moist humid/humiditywetland 湿地salt marsh盐沼，盐碱滩wetland湿地mud泥，烂泥sea/waters 海洋/水域island岛，岛屿surface表面，表层shallow water浅水区inshore adj.近海岸的，向陆的补充：ocean floordeep sea bedashore adj.在岸上的，向岸的tide潮，潮汐beach沙滩coast海岸coastal adj.coral reef珊瑚seagrass/seagrass海草补充：kelpocean currents洋流（多用复数）current n.（水/气/电/洋）流diet食物英文表达中文解释音标/备注category 分类carnivorous adj.食肉的，肉食性的predator捕食者，食肉动物，天敌herbivorous adj.食草的，草食动物prey被捕食者，猎物carnivorous 食肉fish鱼类shrimp虾shellfish贝类shell贝壳hunting V-ing猎食，捕食digestive system消化系统feeding time进食时间feed on以…喂食herbivorous 食草nut坚果（仁）补充：seedplant植物protein蛋白质补充：fiber,vitamin,fat,sugar minerals矿物质（复数）nutrients营养物质，养分nutritious adj.reproduction(proliferation/breeding)繁殖英文表达中文解释音标/备注details 具体male/female雄性/雌性hormone荷尔蒙，激素nesting sites筑巢场所warmth温暖，温度lay eggs产卵breed v.繁殖，饲养，养育well-being舒适，健康Cambridge12Test8biology 生物学diversity多样性biodiversity生物多样性gene/gene pool基因/基因库genetic adj.遗传的，基因有关的evolve v.进化补充：evolutionthreats威胁英文表达中文解释音标/备注nature 自然界survival生存survive v. soil erosion水土流失rival竞争者，对手toxin/poison毒，毒素toxic/poisonous adj.mass stranding大规模的搁浅human activities 人类活动loud noises噪声logging V-ing伐木deforestation乱砍滥伐，砍伐树木forestation n.植树造林contaminate v.污染替换：pollution distinction灭绝补充：endangered disturbance干扰，打扰defense system 防御体系reserves保护区sting v.叮，叮咬sting-stang-stung mechanism（生物用来躲避危险、自我保护的）机制，行为方式guard the nest守卫/保卫巢穴guard区分guide build a fence建造围栏/栅栏research研究英文表达中文解释音标/备注survey 调查mapping V-ing绘图，测图observation观察，观测extensive reading广泛的阅读large-scaleinvestigation大规模的调查large-scale连字符不能省data analysis数据分析distribution map分布图trace v.追溯，仔细找寻practical use 实际应用lab/laboratory实验室可以直接写lab artificial人工的，合成的antibiotics抗生素补充：antiseptics防腐剂。
雅思笔记填空题型
雅思笔记填空题型一、题目1 - 5。
（一）题目原文。
The history of the bicycle can be traced back to the early 19th century. The first bicycle - like device was called the Draisienne, invented by Karl von Drais in 1817. It was a two - wheeled vehicle that was propelled by the rider pushing their feet against the ground. This early design was (1)______ but not very efficient.In the following decades, various improvements were made. For example, pedals were added to the front wheel in the 1860s. This led to the creation of the "boneshaker", which had a large front wheel and a small rear wheel. The name "boneshaker" came from the (2) ______ ride it provided due to its basic construction.The high - wheeler, also known as the penny - farthing, emerged in the 1870s. It had an extremely large front wheel, sometimes up to 1.5 meters in diameter. Riders sat high above the ground on this type of bicycle. However, it was (3) ______ as getting on and off was difficult and there were risksof falling.The safety bicycle, which is closer to the modern bicycle design, was introduced in the 1880s. It had two wheels of equal size and a chain - driven mechanism. This made it much more (4) ______ and easier to ride.With the development of better brakes and tyres, the safety bicycle became very popular.Today, bicycles are used for a wide variety of purposes, from commuting to sport. The design has continued to evolve, with the introduction of newmaterials such as carbon fibre, which makes bicycles (5) ______ and more durable.（二）答案与解析。
雅思考官口语高分战略学习笔记
(一) 雅思口语的基本结构（basic structure）连接词组（linking phrases）第一First, firstly, initially, to begin with, I should begin by saying The first thing / point / issue / advantage /etc. I should / would like to mention / highlight is ...第二Second, secondly, next, a second point is, something else is, in addition (to that), not only that, but... Of courseA second feature /Something else / Another point I would like to mention/ say/ is that ...第三Third, thirdly, consequently, I could also say ... After that, what’s moreI shouldn’t forget to add / mention / say / comment that ...最后Finally, ultimately, last, last but not least, a final point I’d like to make is, one last point I cold add is ...表示转折However, whereas, on the other hand, in contrast, despite (that) in spite of （that), even though,, having said that, then again, nonetheless, even so, compared with, on the contrary, although, but, yet, still, instead of , at the same time表示类似Similarly, likewise, as well as (this), by a similar token..., in a similar way, moreover, besides (that), furthermore,支持连接(supporting links )举例说明For example, for instance, in fact, to illustrate this, one example of this is ... Case in point, namely, in particular, particularly, especially, such as, you know, like,说清楚，解释What I mean by that is ... By that I mean... To be blunt, to be brief, to be more specific, to be more exact, to be more precise, in other words, I should point out that ... In reality, that’s to say解释为什么确定Because ... The reason for that is... The basis of this is ... This is due to ... Due to ... The explanation for this is ...不确定This may / might/ could be due to ...One reason might be that...The cause could be ...It’s possible that...There is the possibility that...描述一种结果Consequently, as a result of this, in that case, in a case like this, thus, therefore, so that means...Thereby dong sth. ... It follows that...强调某事物What I should mention about that is ...I suppose it’s pertinent to say that ...I think it’s important to highlight the fact that ...I should point out that ...限定You know, a ...Which is (adj), which is a kind of ... Which refers to ... Which means...总结观点In conclusion, to sum up, in short, to make a long story short, to conclude, all in all, overall, on the whole, so that’s why I think... So that’s why I like... To reiterate结构评论---连接词组---举例说明----支持连接-----更多内容-----重复两到三次---完成（二）必备技巧（skills ）1.混合时态如果问的是现在的情况的问题，可以先谈一下过去的情况，如果问的是将来趋势，可以谈一下现在的状况。
雅思口语part2怎么做笔记
雅思口语part2怎么做笔记雅思口语考试中一共包括三部分内容，分别是part1、part2、part3。
很多考生认为雅思口语第二部分难度比较大，那么我们在雅思口语part2中怎么做笔记可以帮助我们更有效的备考呢?接下来小编为大家分享一些学习经验，一起来看看吧!雅思口语part2怎么做笔记除此之外，纵观最近的考试回顾，大多数的考生反映，Part2的口语现在和Part3有很大的联系，同时接近于客观题。
那么只能说明一个结果，考官已经听腻了考生说准备好的“故事”，相反，考官更乐于听准备好的“事实”，也只有事实，才能让考生继续后面的话题延伸。
所以首先，在备考中的你应当了解我们在备考中常见遇到的问题，然后对症下药，这样在考试的一分钟内，就能毫无保留，毫无压力的流利说出故事。
问题1: 一般准备Part2的时候，我就是准备好全部的素材，把它写下来，然后背出来，这样在考的时候，一分钟我完全不需要写任何的关键词，如果碰到背的很熟悉的，就能说的很好，但是万一碰到背的不熟悉的，就会很乱，导致很多结巴。
问题2：一般准备Part2的时候，我就是大致的过好每一个话题，然后在心里想一遍题目，能套的一起套在一起。
但是在考的时候，写下一些关键词，但是不知道写什么，所以并不是很理想，题目感觉都是是曾相识，真正在说的时候导致有很多的停顿。
问题3：一般准备Part2的时候，我会进行热门话题分类，只充足的准备好比较热门的题目。
当然还有比较难的题目，比如时间想不到故事素材的，这样防止我在考的时候不会大乱。
当然真正考的时候，碰到平时我个人觉得比较简单的题目，答的还行，但是因为没有练习过，所以终分数平平。
问题4：一般准备Part2的时候，不会和其他人一样做好充足的准备，我只会回答话题的“you should say”的问题，把相应答案的关键词都准备一下，然后在心里或者有时候都说出素材，在考的时候反应也比较快，就是时间一直不能特别的好，要不就超时被考官打断，要不就是时间不够，考官追问我还能不能继续说点什么。
详细总结雅思听力笔记缩写技巧
详细总结雅思听力笔记缩写技巧雅思听力笔记缩写技巧是什么?雅思听力笔记缩写技巧有哪些?今日我给大家带来了具体总结雅思听力笔记缩写技巧，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
【高分必看】具体总结雅思听力笔记缩写技巧一、雅思听力笔记缩写技巧：1、缩写符号在雅思听力考试中，时常会有一些速记符号，这样可以很快节约自己的时间。
速记符号有固定缩写的用固定缩写，没有固定缩写的就自己制造是一个特别有用的原则。
例如organization：org，这个固定缩写比较常见，但是假如消失诸如handkerchief这样的词，大家可以记成hdkf、handkch等各种形式。
2、杂交式速记所谓杂交式，就是说速记的时候英文缩写、英文字母、其他符号、中文都是要混合运用的，一般不太有全篇英文速记究竟的状况。
哪种速记方式更快，那么下笔就用哪种，这是从大家提高雅思听力备考效率角度来讲的。
二、雅思听力笔记缩写下面总结了一些前人的雅思听力笔记缩写，大家可以参考一下，当然也可以自己总结一套雅思听力笔记缩写，总之雅思听力笔记缩写的目的就在于能快速记录内容，当然更重要的是自己能看懂。
听力缩略词写法1：拿掉全部元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive听力缩略词写法2：保留前几个字母INFO ：informationINS ：insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O听力缩略词写法3：保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK：weekRM：roomPL：people听力缩略词写法4：依据发音R ：areTHO：thoughTHRU：through听力缩略词写法实例缩略词原词APT ：ApartmentACC：AccountantACDG ：AccordingACPT: AcceptAD ：AdvertisementADS ：AddressADV：AdviceAMAP ：As much/many as possible AMT：AmountAPV ：ApproveASAP ：As soon as possibleBAL ：BalanceBLDG ：BuildingCERT：CertificateCFM：ConformCNCL：CancelCNF：ConferenceCMI：CommissionCMP：CompleteCMPE：Compete/competitive CMU：CommunicationCONC：Concern/concerning/concerned COND：ConditionCO：CompanyDEPT：DepartmentDISC ：DepartureEXCH：ExchangeEXPLN：ExplainEXT：ExtentFLT：FinalFRT：FreightFYR：For your reference GD：GoodGUAR：GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO ：Information IMPS ：Impossible IMP(T)：Important INCD：Include INDIV：Individual INS：Insurance INTST：InterestedI/O：In stead ofIOU：I owe youIVO：In view of MANUF：Manufacture MDL：ModelMEMO：Memorandum MGR：Manger MIN：Minimum MKT：Market MSG：Message NCRY：Necessary NLT：No later than OBS：Observe OBT：ObtainORD：OrdinaryPAT ：PatentPC ：PiecePKG ：PackingPL ：PeoplePLS ：Please POSN：Position POSS(BL)：PossiblePROD：Product QLTY：Quality QUTY：Quantity RCV：ReceiveREF ：Reference REGL ：RegularREP ：Representative RESN：Reservation RPT ：Repeat RESPON ：Responsible SEC：SectionSITN ：SituationSTD ：StandardTEL ：Telephone TEMP ：Temporary TGM ：Telegraph THO ：ThoughTKS ：ThanksTRD ：TradeTRF：TrafficTTL ：TotalU ：YouUR ：YourWK ：WeekWL ：WillWT ：WeightXL：Extra large三、雅思听力笔记留意事项雅思听力笔记之一：大小写问题考生假如习惯用大写，就全部用大写，这样不会错。
雅思听力笔记填空必考词汇-动物场景
species/breed物种英文表达中文解释音标/备注birds 鸟类Seagull 海鸥['si:gʌl] song thrush 画眉[θrʌʃ]Owl 猫头鹰Duck 鸭子Flamingo 火烈鸟[flə'miŋɡəu]parasite 寄生虫Worm 蠕虫搭配短语be infested with Mite 螨虫microscopic creature 微小的生物insect 昆虫Bee 蜜蜂补充：honey/honeybee Wasp 黄蜂fly(ies) 苍蝇补充dragonfly Mosquito 蚊子Spider 蜘蛛monarch butterfly(ies) 霸王蝶['mɔnək; -ɑ:k]pest 害虫pesticides农药，杀虫剂crustacean 甲壳类动物beetle 甲虫snail 蜗牛mammal 哺乳动物landrat/mouse 老鼠boar 野猪[bɔː]deer 鹿hedgehog 刺猬[ˈhedʒhɒg]bear 熊ape 猿chimpanzee 猩猩[,tʃimpən'zi:]elephant 大象marinedolphin 海豚seal 海豹whale 鲸鱼fish 鱼类tuna 金枪鱼['tjuːnə] shark 鲨鱼seahorse 海马salmon 三文鱼, 鲑鱼['sæmən] urchin 海胆['ə:tʃin]reptile 爬行动物crocodile 鳄鱼tortoise 陆龟turtle 海龟general facts一般事实英文表达中文解释音标/备注description 描述spine脊椎，脊柱；(动植物的)刺，毛beak 嘴、喙wing 翅膀fin 鱼鳍，翅Flipper 鳍状肢streamline good eyesight 好的视力crown 皇冠V50908海马头部形状描写bone 骨头bony adj. outer skeleton 外骨架，骨骼organism有机体，生物体，微生物hibernate in form of"egg"v. 冬眠，过冬kidney 肾，肾脏补充：lungleg 腿，足tongue 舌头skin 皮，表皮，皮肤feather 羽毛fur 皮毛hair 毛发猩猩catch fleas from haircommunication 交流social adj. 社交的，群居的whistle 口哨，呼啸声net 网，网络补充：networks smell 气味，味道radar 雷达补充：sonar navigation 导航，操控方向navigate v. monitor the frequencyof监控…的频率substance 物质carbon dioxide/CO2 二氧化碳补充：ozone layer oxygen/O2 氧气mercury/Hg 汞，水银补充：emissions scent 香气perfume 香水，香味water 水，水分body fluids 体液（复数）car antifreeze 汽车防冻剂V40145蝴蝶幼虫冬眠时会产生一种类似汽车防冻剂的物质habitat栖息地英文表达中文解释音标/备注environment 环境migrationpatterns迁徙/迁移模式migrant adj.迁徙的ecosystem 生态系统一个词，不分开ecology 生态territory 领地补充：maintenance，expansionwarm weather 温暖的环境/天气land 陆地vegetation 植被上下义替换：plants，grass，vegetabletree bark 树皮bark做verb：狗叫，犬吠wild 野外wind farm 发电厂，有风车的农场desert 沙漠，荒漠['dezət] verb：[di'zə:t]区分dessert拼写cave 山洞，洞穴，岩洞dry adj. 干燥的补充：moisture/moisthumid/humiditywetland 湿地salt marsh 盐沼，盐碱滩wetland 湿地mud 泥，烂泥sea/waters 海洋/水域island 岛，岛屿surface 表面，表层shallow water 浅水区inshore adj. 近海岸的，向陆的补充：ocean floordeep sea bedashore adj. 在岸上的，向岸的tide 潮，潮汐beach 沙滩coast 海岸coastal adj.coral reef 珊瑚seagrass/seagrass海草补充：kelpocean currents 洋流（多用复数）current n.（水/气/电/洋）流diet食物英文表达中文解释音标/备注category 分类carnivorous adj. 食肉的，肉食性的predator 捕食者，食肉动物，天敌herbivorous adj. 食草的，草食动物prey 被捕食者，猎物carnivorous 食肉fish 鱼类shrimp 虾shellfish 贝类shell贝壳squid 鱿鱼hunting V-ing 猎食，捕食digestive system 消化系统feeding time 进食时间feed on 以…喂食herbivorous 食草nut 坚果（仁）补充：seedplant 植物protein 蛋白质补充：fiber，vitamin，fat，sugar minerals 矿物质（复数）nutrients 营养物质，养分nutrious adj.reproduction（proliferation/breeding）繁殖英文表达中文解释音标/备注details 具体male/female 雄性/雌性hormone 荷尔蒙，激素nesting sites 筑巢场所warmth 温暖，温度lay eggs 产卵breed v. 繁殖，饲养，养育well-being 舒适，健康Cambridge12-test8 Hatch V. 孵化Incubation Forage 觅食biology 生物学diversity 多样性biodiversity gene/gene pool 基因/基因库genetic adj. 遗传的，基因有关的evolve v. 进化补充：evolution chick N. 幼崽、幼鸟threats威胁英文表达中文解释音标/备注nature 自然界survival 生存survive v.soil erosion 水土流失rival 竞争者，对手toxin/poison 毒，毒素toxic/poisonousadj.mass stranding 大规模的搁浅human activities 人类活动loud noises 噪声logging V-ing 伐木deforestation 乱砍滥伐，砍伐树木forestationn.植树造林contaminate v. 污染替换：pollution distinction 灭绝补充：endangered disturbance 干扰，打扰defense system 防御体系reserves 保护区sting v. 叮，叮咬sting-stang-stung mechanism（生物躲避危险、自我保护的）机制，行为方式guard the nest 守卫/保卫巢穴guard区分guide build a fence 建造围栏/栅栏research研究英文表达中文解释音标/备注survey 调查mapping V-ing绘图，测图observation 观察，观测extensive reading 广泛的阅读large-scaleinvestigation大规模的调查large-scale连字符不能省data analysis 数据分析distribution map 分布图trace v. 追溯，仔细找寻practical use 实际应用lab/laboratory 实验室可以直接写lab artificial 人工的，合成的cosmetics 化妆品antibiotics 抗生素补充：antiseptics防腐剂。
环球雅思8000词汇笔记
1、Prefix/ suffix/ root前缀决定意义后缀决定词性2、词以类记，场景词汇分类动物类/人类发展史类/教育旅游交通/结构建筑/医疗卫生/自然环境/社科类/管理类/艺术类3、读写记忆法、拼读记忆法Mesmerize v. 吸引、迷住Mesmerizing adj. 迷人的、引人注意的AttractiveFascinatingAbsorbEye-catchingCaptivatingConcentrateCon: 1.together 2.fullyCentr: 中心Ate: v后缀Tact: touch4、Repeat-ant n. 表人AssistantAttendantContestantApplicantParticipantInhabitant inhabit=dwell(dwelling住所dweller居民)Descendant 子孙后代offspringComplainant 原告Defendant 被告★Not only…but also, and such the benefits as … and …Fabulous adj. 难以置信的；传说的；寓言中的；极好的Descend 上升ascend 下降Defend 1、保卫；2、防御；3、辩护Immigrant emigrant emigrationIssue > problemcurrently 现今more currently 最新asylum=refugee难民refuge v. 避难persecution 迫害★1st is …, followed by …-al,adj. 属于…的，具有…性质的Personal peoples 民族Interpersonal relationship 人与人之间的关系Parental 父母的maternal 母亲的paternal 父亲的Indulgence 放纵溺爱v. indulge 放纵Regional affairs 地区争端尤其、特别、exceptionalExceptionally/ extremely/ particularlyFairly = veryIn the international arena 在当今世界上/在国际舞台上Bungee 蹦极n. 行为、状况DenialBetrayal/ disloyal=unfaithful disloyalty/ traitorUndoubtedly = there is no denying thatJudasYou Judas = you are such a traitor描述：portray / depict / picturePortrayal 绘画self-portrait 自画像More and more = increasingly评估：appraise / assess / evaluate军队：army / troop / militaryEspousal = support public espousal of sthspouse 配偶espouse 支持（n）board school 寄宿学校Appraisal = assessment = evaluation n.RefusalWithdrawal 收回（吵架）；撤回（打仗）；取钱遭难：disaster / catastrophe / calamity / cataclysmFireplace 壁炉（听力）intact forest 原始森林-in 否定前缀-cyn. 指人或事物的性质、状态、职位、官职、社会阶层EmergencyFluency 流利性accuracy 准确性cy-t n.- adj.Tissue 器官organ 组织复杂：intricacy -ate intricate 描述各种复杂complexity 描述结构复杂（西直门桥）complication 类似人脑反：simplicity谬论：Fallacy 反truth / right fallacious错误的wrong / incorrect / erroneous error n. err v.Tell the right from the wrong 明辨是非Deficiency 缺点、缺乏mentally / physically challenge 心理/生理残疾Intelligence 机密Perpetual 永久的（能源、动力）Permanent 永久的Eternal 永久（感情、精神）Idiocy = foolishness = stupidityBe of + n. > adj.Captaincy rugbyPresidency 总裁、总统、大学校长Fancy chef 主厨chief executive Bankruptcy merge v. 合并、融合merger n. 兼并Infancy / childhood / teenage / youth / middle age / old age senior citizens 老年人Phase 一段时间Intimacy 反estrangement 疏远bosom friends e+n. 使…Intimate adj.Democracy 民主体制demo 前缀人民Autocracy 专制、独裁autonomy 自治Bureaucracy 官僚主义bureau 局bureau of security Aristocracy 贵族（集合名词）Supremacy = paramountcy 至高无上supremeCogency 说服力Efficiency 效率Sufficiency 反deficiency / shortage / insufficiencyProficiency 熟练、驾轻就熟Indecency 猥琐Decency be decently dressed 衣着得体Elegant elegance / cy 长久以来、性质（内）/ 表象（外、偶尔）Ascendancy 优势、优越利弊：Ascendancy / descendancy merits / demerits pros / consPungency 一针见血（文章）Incompetency 不称职的competency 能力Capable / capability 否定前缀：il(l), in(积累), de, im(bmp), un, ir(r), dis,Illegitimacy 不合法、私生Legitimate 合法的Illiteracy 文盲、无知Literature --------literacy n./adj. 有文化的（人）Conspiracy 阴谋、诡计词根spire 1、breath 2、breatheConspire 共谋、协力Aspire = be determined / fervently / ardently / hope / pursue / firmpursue of happiness looking for chase after chase away (驱散)InspireExpire 终止、结束、到期run out 反：unexpiredRespire v. 呼吸respiration 呼吸作用Perspire 出汗（专业）sweat 出汗（口语）per: 表穿过★encouraging / motivating / inspiringEntrepreneurs 创业者、企业家Robustly / strongly / firmly / ferventlyGo to gym = workout = do some exercise进步、提升、提高Enhance / advanceTrigger (n./v.) 扳机；促进推动、激励、激发Spar促进推动、激励、激发Propel促进推动、激励、激发propeller 螺旋桨propellant 推动燃料Simulate evoke provokeGenius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspirationHarp 竖琴pianist violinistCholesterol 胆固醇tissue 器官Respiratory organ 呼吸器官circulatory organ 循环器官blood circulation 血液循环Asthma 哮喘ailment 小恙Fatal 致命的belly 腹部Smallpox 天花Diabetes 糖尿病Influenza 流感Polio 小儿麻痹HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) germ bacteriaContagious / infectious 传染的；感染的Cardiac 心脏的Epidemic 广泛的；流行性的Acute / chronic 急性的/ 慢性的-ious adj. 属于…的；有…性质的ContagiousCurious 好奇的curiosity n. 好奇Contradicious 矛盾的Malicious 恶毒的malicious wordsLaborious 体力劳动的Industrious 勤劳的Spacious 具有空间感的Rebellious 反复无常的rebel 反叛；叛乱Gender 性别shuttle 往返shuttle hours 通勤时间shuttle bus 通勤车space shuttle 宇宙飞船monotonous 单调的daily-routined 单调的constellation 星座Pluto 冥王星dem(o) = people 人民epidemic / pandemic 传染的；流行的/ 广泛流行的pan：泛democrat 民主主义者autocrat 独裁者monocracy / monocrat 独裁统治/ 独裁者dictationship / dictator 独裁统治/ 独裁者plutocracy / plutocrat 财阀统治bureaucracy / bureaucrat 官僚统治/ 官僚主义者demagogy 煽动；蛊惑人心demography 人口统计学graph = gram 写；画；记；图形★according to the graph / gramDemographyPhotography 摄影；摄影术Autograph 手稿Biography 传记；自传bio 与生命相关essays 散文集Dissertation 毕业论文Historiography 编史工作Pseudograph 冒名作品pseudo 前缀: fake pseudoname 笔名艺名Monograph 专题论文；著作Chronograph 计时器Seismograph 地动仪Potential 潜伏的Chron 词根时Chronic latency / latent period 潜伏期Synchronic 同时发生synchronical synchronically syn : 同义词Chronicle 编年史Chronicler 写编年史的人Chronolgy 年代学-logy 学、论、法Methodology 方法论Climatology 气象学Oceanology 海洋学Mineralogy 矿产学Etymology 昆虫学tropical rainforest; subtropical; submarine; subsidy （政府）补贴；津贴Dialectology 方言学dialect 方言accent 口音Dent = tooth (牙齿) 凹痕Dentist 牙医nursing staff 医院当中工作的人stuff=thingsSurgeon 外科plastic surgeon 整容physician 内科psychiatrist 心理医生Denture 假牙Indented 锯齿状的jagger n. 齿轮Edentate adj. 无齿的；n. 贫齿兽Centipede 蜈蚣decade 十年millennium 千年Dict,dic,doc = say,assert 说话、断言claim reckon 估计、计算Dictate 口授；命令；听写dictation 听写Dictator 发命令者；独裁者Docile 温顺的；易驯服的Document 文件；证书diploma 证书（学位）licenseDocumentary 纪录片horror 恐怖片thriller 惊悚cartoon / amination Dictionary a walking dictionary / skeleton skinningDictum 格言；断言there is a dictum going…Benediction 祝福Malediction 诅咒Contradict v. 反驳；否认the facts contradict his theoryContradiction n. 矛盾；对立Predict = foresee = forecast 预言；预告；预计predictionCord = heartCordial 至诚的cordially = sincerely yours cordially cordiality n. 挚诚；热情Record recorder recordableConcord concordance concordant adj. 和谐；达成一致Discord discordance discordant 不和谐；不一致；不协调Make / reach a concordanceFail to make / reach a concordance a&bDistribution assignment allocation 分配Distributor 分店Dean 系主任CoreCordate 心形的Ate adj. 有…性质的；如…形状的Roseate 玫瑰状的；玫瑰色的PrivateFortunate adj. 幸运的；吉祥的fortune 顺境adversity 逆境adverse adj. 不利的adversary n. 对手considerate 体贴的；考虑周到的considerable 大量的passionate adj. 热情的energetic 有活力的enthusiastic 热情的proportionate 按比例分开proportion 比例percentagereach proportion / percentage ofdeterminate 决定determine a is solely determined by bdeterminant n. 决定性因素/条件abomination 厌恶；憎恨hatred n. create a abomination / hatred between a & b contaminate = make sth dirty = pollutiondiscriminate 分别对待racial discriminate 种族歧视dominate 主导；主宰dominant n. 主导性因素enlighten = illuminate 启迪；启示；启发illuminous the Enlightenment 启蒙运动nominate 推荐；提名nominee 被提名的人（作品）terminate = put sth to an end 终结；结束；终止terminal terminatoranthrop 人类；人anthropology / anthropologist 人类学/ 人类学家philanthropy / philanthropist 慈善的/ 慈善家philanthropic 博爱的benevolence n. 仁慈；善行misanthropy / misanthropist / misanthropic 厌恶人类的phile 爱phobia 对…恐惧mania 对…爱好；狂热maniac 疯子；疯狂的work maniac 工作狂biblio 书bibliography = reference booksbibliophile 热爱书的人bibliophobia 厌恶书的人bibliomania 热爱书的人hydrophobia 恐水症francophobe 厌恶法国Francophile 亲法者japanophile 亲日派bible 圣经cert 确定，确实certainty 必然的事to one degree / extent or another 以这样或那样的程度to some measure 在一定程度上by degrees = graduallyascend / descend by degrees-ty 后缀n. 表性质、情况、状态Specialty 独特/ novelty 新颖/ penalty 酷刑/ subtlety 微妙/ entirely / entire / completely Penalize / punish / punishment / empire / emperor / uncertaintyClin 表趋向Decline / reclineRecline on a sofa / recline against in(on) / recline chairInclinev. 倾向于incline to / towardsI incline to the view that…Incline to do 倾向做assume / assert / maintain / containn. a slop 斜坡inclination~ to / towards do sth for sthCult 耕，培养（精心）CultivateEg: she tries to cultivate an air of sophisticatedSophisticated = skillfulCultivatable 可耕、可养的CultivationCultivator数据走势：An upward trend / climb / grow / surge / upsurge / soar / rocket /rocket highA rocketing high can be found…A downward trend / fall / decline / decrease / drop / reduce / slump / plummet / nose-dive There is a nose-dive…Remain stable / steady / stay / constant / maintain the same level / level out / level offA leveling out can be seen……Consume v. 消失Fluctuate around 波动 a minor 最小值Circumstance = atmosphere = ambience (积极、抽象)-ure n. 行为、结果、状态、情况Departure 离开(closure – conceal / disclosure / reveal)Pleasure with pleasureProcedure : 步骤Sculpture / sculptor 雕像/ 雕塑家Floriculture / floriculturistFlora & fauna = plants & animalsNo big dealNo biggie3 dimensional film dimension n. 规模、维度Sb needs to chill 冷静jail sprinkler 洒水车Cycle 圆、环、轮n. 周期、循环Cyclone / trade wind / typhoon / hurricane / tornado / whirlwind / gale / gust / blizzard / hail / thunderstorm / tempest / downpour / drizzle / droplet / sprinkle / shower / sleet / avalanche / deluge / flood / precipitationReach a precipitation of……Autocycle / motorcycleHemicycleUnicycle / bicycle / tricycleUni- / multi-Unilateral 单边的Multilateral 多边的Multinational = internationMulticentric 多中心的Multistorey 多层的Multi-purpose 事半功倍Bi 双by 侧、旁、非正式、副Byroad / bystreet / bypath 小径By time / pastime by hobby / by workBy name / nicknameBy-effect = side effects by-product by-business 自己是老板biweekly 半月刊/ bimonthly 双月刊/ bisexual / bifacial / bilateraltritriangle trilateral 三边的trinity 三位一体，唯一的神trisection 三等分trigonometry 三角学elite 精英versatile 多才多艺joyous = gayoccasion 机会What’s your favorite……Pastime = 宠物、运动Spirit 精灵-try 学术、行业Chemistry / forestry / geometry / dentistry / merchantry旅游场景Cosmopolitan city / metropolitan city 大都市Cosmopolis / metropolis 大都市Cosmology 宇宙学metro 地下交通Characteristics / features / specialties / properties / traits 特点1.必游之地tourist attraction2.历史文化名城 a world-renowned historic & cultural cityWorldly / corny 世俗的3.故地重游an old haunt worthing a revisitSpinning / haunting 萦绕Trip 短途journey 长途（艰辛）excursion = packer 远足Explorer / treckBon voyage 一路顺风Facility 设施infrastructure 基础设施Chromosome 染色体Protagonist 主人公main characters 主角real estate 房地产交通便利：convenience / expedientelevated highway 高架桥、立交桥bus rapid transit BRT 快轨fast train / bullet train / express train / airport expressmake plans before you goitinerary 计划（旅行）schedule / agenda / timetable / journal / diary / datebook / calendar at the top of the agenda 最重要it = goinitiate / initial / initiation / initiative 1.primary 2.最重要at hand = handy = just around the corner 方便go away / get off / fuck off / piss offvital / significant(有意义) / crucial(关键) / critical(关键) / essential / necessary / indispensable(无可替代)/ irreplaceable / imperative(无可比拟)essence 精华at this very crucial / critical juncture 千钧一发-active 表具有…性质、倾向、作业Affirmative 肯定的Comparative 比较的、相当的Argumentative 争辩的、好辩的argumentations 论证Designative 指定的Shanghai located in the yangze river delta(三角洲)Topography: flood plain(冲积平原) / basin(盆地) / bluff(悬崖) / ridge(山脊)/ gorge(峡) / canyon(峡谷) / waterfall / cascade(小瀑布) / blonde(金发) / highland(高地) / plateau(高原) Ridged 崎岖的entrepreneur 企业家branch 分支、子公司Boast v. 1.sth作主语表拥有；2.sb作主语表夸耀。
雅思笔记
sharply gently evenly
All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with fluctuating in A, rising in B and falling in C. 单线分类法 Comparative Classification: 1） popularity of 2） predominance/prevalence of 3） preference to All statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of listening to radio from about 6 am to 1 pm and the popularity of watching TV during the rest of the day. 单线描写（天龙八部） As to the radio audience, it soared from about 6 am to 8am, reaching the peak at about 25% at 8 am, followed by ebbing till the end of a day. We can witness the nadir occurred at around 4 in the morning.
3） We can witness… 4） The year of 1980 witnessed… 5） A outnumber/ outpercentage B by… A: Coal in/of 1980 B: that in 1970=its counterpart 对等物 while Nuclear rocketed by 10 times. 参考红书 P58-60 There was an increase of 10 times in Nuclear. We can witness … The year of 1980 witnessed… Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 10 times Oil almost remained stable. There was a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro. In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas. What is worth mentioning is Oil was almost morose during the decade. Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particularly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent. 两个图的写作原则：3+5 3 句万能句型 2 涨+2 跌+（1 平） 破纸 P2 Social…, ad, edu, sci cover comparatively a majority of… while 2.24%, 1.84% and 2.10% are shared by... The remaining percentages are in moderation, with 5.53% for , 7.4% and 9.35% respectively. increase max: min Social Science 三个以上图的写作原则 直接联动 line chart 连词、副词连接 顺接：furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, next, in the following, what is worth mentioning（值 得一提的是）, what is interesting, what should not be neglected(不能忽略的是), last, on the other hand 转折：while, on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, what is so different is Line Chart 形态划分法——最简单的图 点位划分法——较复杂的图 水平划分法——极其复杂的图 比较划分法——两根曲线 Para 2:总分句
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雅思笔记
1、不要再用 more and more 了；该词组被评为中国恶俗词组榜第一！！老师说。
可以用 a growing number of..
2、inevitable 。
不可避免。
3、should/would/could/may/might ；为什么要用这个5个词？首先，语气比较委婉，不会很肯定，显的谦虚；其次，可以不考虑动词的形式；所以这五个词被称为最贱的词。
4、physically beneficial 身体健康；副词+形容词的表达方式，比较好看，接下来也会有举例
5、worldwide/globly/internationally famous 举世闻名
6、科技类作文；科技发展。
outline
FOR ：
Convenient&efficient 方便、高效
Enrich lifestyle 丰富生活
Environmentlly friendly （副词修饰形容词） 绿色环保 AGAINST ：
Physically harmful/detrimental 危害健康
Negative impact on the youth 危害青少年
Insecurity of information 信息不安全
7、开头方法一：
Background
Con troversy (2 different/opposite ideas)
As/Being a controversial issue ，。
作为有争议的问题。
Now days ， the issue on 。
is highly debatable ， and ideas vary from person to person 。
不同的人有不同的观点。
（不要用different people 。
）
Some would claim 。
，while some others may suggest 。
一些人认为。
另一些人认为。
Some would claim 。
，while the idea 。
is still held by some others 。
Idea 倒装，句子更好看。
不能用some 。
the other 。
这样只有两种可能性，太绝对。
8、5个常用单词的替代
F Think → claim / suggest / believe / advocate / maintain / suppose
F Good → ben eficial / profitable / helpful / sound / decent / positive
F Bad → harmful / detrimental / hazardous / negative F Advantage → merit / virtue / benefit / profit / pro
F Disadvantage → demerit / drawback / flaw / shortcoming / con / cost
9、few 0-1 几乎没有
A few 一些，不多 <5
Several 若干 <10
10、赞成某个观点。
As for me ，I side with the fomer/latter
中立观点。
As far as I am concerned ， I believe both views have
their own merits and con coexit 11、like a double-edged sword 双刃剑 12、。
can be neither absolutely perfect nor purely harmful 13、末段（总结）
All in all/to conclude/in conclusion/in general/ to sum up F When all the above-mentioned factors are taken into
consideration, a conclusion could be drawn that … (主要用来凑字数)
14、On one hand ，。
contribute greatly to 。
On the other hand/On the contrary/ 15、in contrast ，the demerits of 。
can not be ignored.
16、To begin with/firstly/first and foremost/首先 Besides/in a addition/moreover/其次 Thirdly/furthermore/last but not least/最后 17、on-line community 在线社区。
用来表达校内等 19、alters=change 20、long time exposure before screen 久坐电脑前 21、nearsightedness 近视眼
22、lead a sedentary life 过着宅的生活 23、curious,immature and naïve 很傻很天真 24、be indulged in 沉迷
25、pornography and violence 很黄很暴力 26、手机的优缺点
FOR ： Convenient & efficient Enrich lifestyle AGAINST:
Physically detrimental Negative impact on the youth Insecurity of information
科技类优缺点主要就是那么几点。
可以套。
27、inadequate face to face communication 缺乏交流
28、better atmosphere 更好的氛围 29、飞机汽车类优缺点
FOR ： Boost related industry 推动相关产业
AGAINST ： Deplete fuel resources worldwide 耗尽石油资源 Air pollution 空气污染 Help the spread of epidemics 传播传染病（飞机） Traffic jam/accident 交通拥挤/事故（汽车）
30、consume 消耗
Deplete 耗尽
Use up 用光。
比较口语
31、globe village 地球村
32、It is air traveling that makes the world a ‘global village’.倒装
33、Overseas traveling widens horizon and visualizes what is learnt in books.扩大视野
34、Sweeten your life.甜蜜你的生活！85°C
35、Besides, overseas shopping enables one to buy fashionable dresses and jewelries at a lower price.购物。
36、tourism/tourist industry 旅游业
37、It is estimated that。
据估计。
38、annually每年。
不是yearly。
39、pose。
threat to。
对。
构成威胁
40、tigger 诱发
41、conflict 冲突
42、A result in B 因A果B
C result from
D 因D果C
43、CO2 carben(C)di(2)oxide(O)
SO2 sulfar(S)…..
44、one 的复数ones
Everyone的复数ALL
45、A of B of C 核心为A
46、介词with/like/because of +名词（组）
连词as/because +句子
47、作文重点，其实就是不能重复；不要用一些恶俗的词。
people等；少用第一和第二人称；多变幻句式；少用主动句；注意符号；。