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跨文化交际导论期末考试题

跨文化交际导论期末考试题

对外经济贸易大学《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试I.True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.（每题1分，共20分）1.The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in1959.2.Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" that guides us in our dailyinteractions.3.In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s index finger to his templemeans ‘You are crazy.’4.Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes yourexperiences and guides your behavior toward a particular group of people.5.V alues are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture.They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”6.People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect, whereas thismay be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.7.Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness or willingness to reachan agreement.8.In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide fora win-lose situation.9.Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody the total concept ofculture like an onion – symbols, heroes, rituals, and values.10.Successful intercultural business communication involves knowing theethnocentrisms of persons in other cultures. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.11.Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s cultural background, includingways of analyzing problems, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, is better than our own.12.People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not likechange as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.13.When dealing with German business people, you should avoid jokes and otherforms of humor during the actual business sessions.14.In the business circle, American business people use first names immediately.panies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as inArab countries men may refuse to work with women.16.In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your business card with your righthand.17.When accepting a business card, German business people carefully look at thecard, observe the title and organization, acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make a relevant comment or ask a polite question.18.The OK sign may be interpreted as asking for money by Japanese businesspeople.19.Nonverbal communication is important to the study of interculturalcommunication because a great deal of nonverbal behavior speaks a universallanguage.20.In short, intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awarenessknowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve intercultural communication competence.II.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题1分，共20分）1. stereotypes2. paralanguage3. ethnocentrism4. masculinity5. high-context culture6. monochronic time7. speech act 8. conversation taboos9. vocal qualifiers 10. power distance11. 译码12. 偏见13. 文化震惊14. 不确定性回避15. 概念意义16. 语用错误17. 礼貌原则18. 归纳法19. 空间语言20. 礼仪与礼节III.Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer.（每题1分，共20分）1. Understanding another culture ________.a.enables businesspeople to know why foreign associates believe and actas they dob.is best achieved through “do’s and don’ts” listsc.is important for businesspeople because they can appear to be betterinformedd.isn’t necessary for businesspeople2. Non-linear languages ______.a.are object orientedb.see time as a continuum of present, past and futurec.are circular, tradition oriented and subjectived.lead to short-range planning in business practices3. Which statement about values is incorrect?a. V alues are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in aculture.b. V alues are learned by contacts with family members, teachers, andreligious leaders.c. V alues will be influenced by what is seen on television or read innewspapers.d. People in various cultures have basically similar values.4. People from cultures that follow the monochronic time system tend toa. do one thing at a time.b. be committed to people.c. borrow and lend things often.d. build lifetime relationships.5. Which statement regarding haptics is incorrect?a. In Thailand, it is offensive to touch the head.b. Japan is considered a "don't touch" culture.c. Greece is considered a "touch" culture.d. In Latin American countries, touching between men is unacceptable.6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is _____.a. a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipb. a view of group orientation structure of social relationshipc. a view of individual orientation structure of social relationshipd.none of the above7. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from anotherculture include all of the following except:a. politics is a safe topic in most cultures.b. avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.8. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake?a. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm.b. An Asian handshake is usually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure.d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.9. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect?a. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.b. Thought patterns impact oral communication.c.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the factsand goes to generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation withdifferent cultures.10. Which statement is incorrect?a. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge ofanother culture's nonverbal communication patterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.c.Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.d.When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch thebehavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.nguage is important because it _____a.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.b.allows us to be understood by foreigners.c.is determined by colonialism.d.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.12. Which of the following countries uses high-context language?a.Canadab.Germanyc.Japand.United States13. Slang is generally _____a.understood by everyone.b.spoken by the masses.c.easily translated.ed by subgroups.14. Nonverbal communication does not include _____a. chromatics.b. chronemics.c.haptics.d. semantics.15. Dominance, harmony, and subjugation are all value orientations that correspond to which of the following cultural problems?a.What is the nature of human beings?b.What is the relationship of humans to nature?c.What is the orientation of humans to time?d.What is the human orientation to activity?16. Proverbs are significant to the study of intercultural communicationbecause_______.a.they provide a compact description of a culture’s valuesb.they tell a great deal about what a culture praises and what it rejectsc.they unite a people with the wisdom of their ancestorsd.all of the above17. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance?a. One group's truth should not be imposed on others.b. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.18. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is thatnguage is just a device for reporting a person's experience.b.two languages can represent the same social reality.c.the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak thelanguage.nguage functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.19. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated bya. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments.c. testing associates to see who is most qualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certainpersonal and professional qualifications.20. Which of the following statement is incorrect?a.Knowing cultural variations in the use of silence is helpful whenconversing with persons in another culture.b.We need to keep things in perspective and not get offended each time wedeal with someone who has a different attitude toward touchingc.Good advice when communicating with persons in other cultures is tokeep gestures to a minimumd.Although oral communication varies from culture to culture, non-verbalcommunication is almost always interpreted the same in each culture.IV.Answer the following essay question. (共20分)Compare and contrast the following proverbs from two different cultures: “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.” How do people from these cultures perceive silence and talk? In light of their different perceptions, how might they view each other? What problems might arise in their interactions?V.Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective.(共20分)The following conversation took place between two Chinese friends.A: We’re going to New Orleans this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there?A: Three days.B: Do you need a ride to the airport? I’ll take you.A: Are you sure it’s not too much trouble?B: No, no. It’s no trouble at all.Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective.参考答案及评分标准A卷VI.True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.（每题1分，共20分）1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T7. T8. F9. F 10. T11. F 12. F 13. T 14.T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. FVII.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题1分，共20分）1. stereotypes 定势/刻板印象2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语言3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义4. masculinity男性特征5. high-context culture高语境文化6. monochronic time单一时间观念7. speech act 言语行为8. conversation taboos对话禁忌9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰10. power distance权力距离11. 译码 decoding 12. 偏见 prejudice13. 文化震惊cultural shock 14. 不确定性回避 uncertaintyavoidance15. 概念意义denotational meaning 16. 语用错误pragmatic failure17. 礼貌原则the Politeness Principle 18. 归纳法inductivepattern19. 空间语言spatial language/proximics 20. 礼仪与礼节etiquetteand protocolVIII.Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer.（每题1分，共20分）1. a2. a3. d4. a5. d6. a7. a8. d9. c 10. b11. a 12. c 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. d 20. dIX.Answer the following essay question. (共20分)测试重点：Compare and contrast the proverbs “It is the duck that squawks thatgets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”The former is an English proverbwhile the latter is a Chinese proverb. In light of their different perceptions, the twocultures might differ in terms of silence and talk etc. and problems might arise in theirinteractions.评分标准：从以上角度进行分析，其他根据具体答题情况酌情。

跨文化交流入门期末作业

跨文化交流入门期末作业

跨文化交流入门期末作业随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的人和事物越来越多地走进了我们的视野，在这种情况下，跨国域、跨民族、跨文化的经济和社会交往将会与日俱增，这就为我们提供了许多与西方人接触和交往的机会，这对于加深我们的西方社会的理解是一件好事，但这并不是一件简单的事情，因为我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家，思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人，在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象。

在中西跨文化交际中会出现的文化冲突有很多种，在这里我不可能一一叙述，只能列出生活中比较常见的几个例子。

1隐私方面的冲突中国人的隐私观念比较薄弱，认为个人要归属于集体，在一起讲究团结友爱，互相关心，故而中国人往往很愿意了解别人的酸甜苦辣，对方也愿意坦诚相告。

而西方人则非常注重个人隐私，讲究个人空间，不愿意向别人过多提及自己的事情，更不愿意让别人干预。

因此在隐私问题上中西双方经常发生冲突，例如：中国人第一次见面往往会询问对方的年龄，婚姻状况，儿女，职业，甚至收入，在中国人的眼里这是一种礼貌，但在西方人眼里则认为这些问题侵犯了他们的隐私。

2.客套语方面的冲突中国人注重谦虚，在与人交际时，讲求“卑己尊人”，把这看作一种美德，这是一种富有中国文化特色的礼貌现象。

在别人赞扬我们时，我们往往会自贬一番，以表谦虚有礼。

西方国家却没有这样的文化习惯，当他们受到赞扬时，总会很高兴地说一声“Thank you”表示接受。

由于中西文化差异，我们认为西方人过于自信，毫不谦虚；而当西方人听到中国人这样否定别人对自己的赞扬或者听到他们自己否定自己的成就，甚至把自己贬得一文不值时，会感到非常惊讶，认为中国人不诚实。

在这些各种各样的现象背后所隐藏的原因值得我深究，而在学习了《跨文化交流入门》这一课程后，对其原因我更加有了深刻的认识和见解。

而以下正是我的一些见解和认识。

首先，造成中西文化冲突现象的原因多种多样，我觉得究其根本，就是因为中西双方有着不同的文化、不同的历史背景，这必然带来人们思想、行为等多方面的差异，甚至是冲突。

跨文化交际期末考试题【新】

跨文化交际期末考试题【新】

跨文化交际期末考试题【新】第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）1. 当出现语言障碍时，以下哪个是最好的应对策略？A. 用手势和肢体动作来表达自己的意思B. 大声说出自己的观点C. 重复使用相同的单词和短语来帮助理解D. 简化语言使用的复杂度，使用简单易懂的语言2. 对于跨文化交流来说，以下哪种观念是最关键的？A. 遵循自己国家的行为准则B. 尊重不同文化之间的差异C. 强制对方接受自己的文化D. 批判对方的文化习惯3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是最常用的？A. 肢体语言B. 非语言信息C. 语言信息D. 交流方式4. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观点是最重要的？A. 接受自己的文化习惯B. 批判他人的文化习惯C. 理解他人的文化习惯D. 拒绝他人的文化习惯5. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 活跃的参与B. 语言水平的熟练程度C. 适应当地的礼仪和行为准则D. 强调自己的文化背景6. 以下哪个是一个跨文化交际中最常见的问题？A. 礼貌和礼仪的不同B. 文化差异造成的文化霸权C. 认知差异的沟通问题D. 语言障碍7. 以下哪种服务最适合在跨文化交际中使用？A. 机器翻译服务B. 优先选择专业的口译和翻译服务C. 通过朋友或熟人的介绍寻找帮助D. 利用在线社交媒体解决问题8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该避免？A. 尊重并遵循当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 试图改变或批判当地的文化习俗C. 沿用自己的文化行为准则D. 关注当地的文化和语言细节9. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 避免使用简单易懂的语言B. 直截了当地表达自己的观点C. 关注当地的非语言行为和信号D. 尝试使用当地的单词和短语10. 当尝试与跨文化背景的人交流时，以下哪种能力是最重要的？A. 语言能力B. 理解当地文化的背景C. 思考和行动的方式D. 批判思维11. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个语言问题最常见？A. 不同的拼写和拼音B. 不同的语法结构和单词含义C. 方言和口音D. 礼仪和交际方式12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个观念是最必要的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 认为自己的文化优越C. 轻视当地的命令和指示D. 批判当地文化的错误13. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个事情是至关重要的？A. 去熟悉当地的文化和语言背景B. 寻找机会批判当地的文化习惯C. 坚持自己的文化行为准则D. 放松身心，自然而然的融入当地环境14. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 尊重他人的文化背景B. 没有认真倾听对方的观点C. 关注当地的语言和文化细节D. 对对方的文化行为进行批评和评价15. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念是最重要的？A. “我们的文化最好”B. “我们的文化最好，但我们也能接受其他文化”C. “所有文化都有其独特之处，值得尊重和理解”D. “其他文化与我们的文化无关”16. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注和遵守当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 尝试使用当地的语言和单词C. 尊重和理解当地的文化习俗D. 批判和否定当地的文化习俗17. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 展示自己的文化背景B. 关注当地的语言和文化细节C. 认真倾听对方的观点D. 强调自己优越的文化背景18. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该被避免？A. 尊重所有人的文化背景B. 批判当地的文化行为C. 关注当地的非语言信号D. 使用当地的语言和单词19. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 试图改变当地的文化行为准则C. 使用自己的语言和单词D. 关注当地的微妙而又微小的语言和非语言信号20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 忽略当地的迷信和传统信仰C. 尊重当地的宗教和文化背景D. 沿用自己的文化行为准则第二部分：简答题（共5道题，每题4分，共20分）1. 解释什么是文化差异，并列举至少三个文化差异的例子？2. 解释为什么认知差异在跨文化交际中是一个重要的问题，并提供至少三个示例说明不同的认知差异会如何影响跨文化交流?3. 解释什么是非语言沟通，并列举至少三个非语言沟通的例子？4. 解释为什么跨文化交际中的措辞和用词是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例说明，不同的词语和措辞可能导致文化差异。

电大跨文化交际期末复习资料（全参考）

电大跨文化交际期末复习资料（全参考）

电大跨文化交际期末复习资料（全参考）《跨文化交际》期末复习资料一、单项选择题1. Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him: “Morning, Peter!” In this case, the source of information is ________ .√A. Xiao WangB. PeterC. the airportD. “Morning, Peter!”2. There are two kinds of cross-cultural communication: unilateral communication and _________.A. successful communicationB. verbal communication√C. bilateral communicationD. unsuccessful communication3. Utterance meaning in a face-to-face communication refers to _________.A. what the speaker has intended to convey in what is said√B. what is said normally meansC. what the hearer has understood on the basis of what is saidD. the associative meaning words have4. When we are in a social gathering, we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. These rules and procedures are technically called _________.A. anecdotesB. goalsC. gestures√D. schema (schemas)5. Which doesn’t belong to the group in a cross-cultural situation? _________.A. Head movements√B. Social valuesC. Facial expressionsD. Body contact6. When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offereda second helping but you have already had enough. What would you say? “_________”A. Oh, thanks. That tastes awful.B. No, I don’t want that.C. No, I don’t like it.√D. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks.7. Most Americans see themselves as separate _________, not as representatives of a family, community or other group.A. independence√B. individualsC. customersD. cultures8. It is right to ask children or teenagers their age. But it is not normally _________ in English speaking societies to ask an adult their age - and never a woman!A. considerateB. inappropriateC. impolite√D. polite9. The American child is nurtured to be _________, to be able to do whatever he could by himself, ever since he was born.√A. independentB. good-lookingC. obedientD. private10. One way of talking about the different stages in getting used to life in a new country is the distinction of euphoria, depression, _________ and acceptance.A. criticismB. admiration√C. adjustmentD. shock11. The _________ of a person is his or her family name.A. given nameB. middle name√C. surnameD. initials12. English surnames can show various sorts of information about people, including the placea person is from, the job he has, family relationships, ethnic identity and personal _________.A. considerationB. knowledgeC. politeness√D. characteristics13. Nowadays in England, people usually call each other _________.A. Sir or Madam√B. by their first nameC. Mr, Mrs, Miss, or MsD. by their last name14. Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between _________ relatives in Britain.A. internal and externalB. old and young√C. maternal and paternalD. male and female15. In America _________ is the collective informal term for addressing a group of friends. √A. guysB. girlsC. boysD. mates16. In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _________, as we say.A. to buy a roundB. to foot the bill√C. to go DutchD. to go to Dutch17. In the West, it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express _________.A. greedinessB. misunderstandingC. gratitude√D. appreciation18. Guests invited to dinner in the West frequently bring _________ of wine.√A. only one bottleB. two bottlesC. a dozen bottlesD. a pack19. We Chinese are brought up to initially refuse friendly offers to demonstrate ______ in seeming not to wish to put our host to any trouble.A. invitationB. tradition√C. politenessD. personality20. Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical Chinese reaction is to show _________.A. disagreement and anger√B. modesty and humilityC. enjoyment and prideD. pride and gratitude21. 1. The biggest difference between the Chinese way of child-rearing and the Australian one is that the former fosters dependence and the latter _________.A. reference√B. independenceC. interdependenceD. indifference22. The traditional, primary relationship in a Chinese family is usually that between _________.A. husband and wife√B. parents a nd childrenC. father and childrenD. teacher and students23. In a typically traditional Chinese family, children are expected to show _________ and obedience to parental wishes.A. revengeB. reject√C. respectD. regret24. While many women feel it natural to confer with tier partners at every turn, many men feel free to make decisions without such _________.A. congratulationB. commitmentC. conclusion√D. consultation25. Chinese students are often surprised at the frequency with which their English friends_________ to one another over trivial things.√A. apologizeB. confessC. shoutD. explain26. Body language can sometimes lead to _________ since people of different cultures often have different forms of behavior for sending the same message or have different interpretations of the same signal.A. effectivenessB. communicationC. agreement√D. misunderstanding27. Non-verbal communication includes all of the following but Not _________.√A. telephone messagesB. gesturesC. facial expressionsD. eye movements28. The ring gesture, where you form an “O” by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb, means in France that you think something is _________.√A. worthlessB. “I’ll kill you!”C. goodD. great29. Some psychologists argue that there are six basic emotions. They are surprise, fear, disgust, anger, happiness, and _________.A. confusionB. boredom√C. sadnessD. shyness30. In Britain, if you do not look at the person in a conversation, it could imply a number of things, including fear, _________, uneasiness, guilt or indifference.A. attentionB. happinessC. attempt√D. contempt31. If you want to join the medical _________ , you need to master a whole body of medical knowledge and receive systematic training.A. occupationB. vocation√C. professionD. trade32. I’m afraid we shouldn’t go on chatting like this. The new manager could arrive out of blue. What does out of blue mean?A. with an angry expressionB. extremely pleasedC. thinking deeply√D. unexpectedly; without w arning33. Kill not the goose that lays the golden eggs. What does the sentence mean?A. It is better to accept something small than to reject it and hope to get more later on.B. If too many people try to do the same thing at the same time, there will be chaos.√C. Anyone who claims more than he has already got is very likely to get nothing at all in the future.D. There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness.34. Some forms of human communication from a primitive tribe to a global village (mentioned in the course book) include _________.A. computer network, TV stations, drumbeats, chopsticksB. smoke signals, pigeons, peacoc ks, mobile phones, emails …C. gestures, TV, email, fire, horns, flags, animals …√D. shouting to each other, printing, telegraph, radio, internet …35. According to Sir Richard Paget, the right order of development of human communication is _________.A. sounds, food, hunting, writing, gambling, online chatting√B. gestures of the hands, gestures of the mouth, wh isperedspeech, voiced speechC. gestures, eye movements, writing, speech, telegraph, internetD. shouting, whispers, hands movements, horse riding, computers36. Language may be _________ to our own species, the capacity of mean, to transmit messages vital to survival, and to understand them, certainly is not.A. effective√B. uniqueC. relativeD. misunderstanding37. Communication through writing emancipates man from the constraints imposed by the face-to-face distance and the _________ of time.√A. spontaneityB. responsibilityC. complexityD. confusion38. A digital computer is a system composed of four distinct elements: a central processing unit, input devices, memory storage devices, and _________ devices.A. hard wareB. hard disk√C. outputD. monitor39. The cardinal principle we should bear in mind in conducting cross-cultural communication is this: There is no such a thing as good or bad. There are only ________.A. influencesB. respectC. indifference√D. differences40. A stereotype is a conventional, formulaic, and ________ conception, opinion, or image ofa group of people.A. effective√B. oversimplifiedC. characteristicD. beneficial二、判断题1. In face-to-face communication, non-verbal signals are not as important as verbal messages. √A. 错误B. 正确2. When we Chinese refer to something about ourselves or related to us, we tend to elevate them. √A. 错误B. 正确3. When you phone to tell your friend something, you are the source of information.A. 错误√B. 正确4. Culture shock is a term used to describe the anxiety and feelings (of surprise, disorientation, confusion, etc.) felt when people have to operate within an entirely different cultural or social environment, such as a different country or a different state than where they live.A. 错误√B. 正确5. Chinese people tend to say thi ngs like “No, not really” when they are asked “Are you hungry?” in the host family.A. 错误√B. 正确6. In work places, it is quite common to see people use their initials when they make any changes to a document they are reviewing.A. 错误√B. 正确7. English family names have always been there since the beginning of human civilization. √A. 错误B. 正确8. Comparatively speaking, the Westerners tend to avoid direct conflicts and losing face when confronted with a problem or when refusing a request.√A. 错误B. 正确9. The behavior of the host in actively offering and the guest in asking the host not to bother have become conventional and habitual in the West.√A. 错误B. 正确10. When meeting at a pub for drinks, a popular pastime in England, each person in the group will buy everyone a round.A. 错误√B. 正确11. An American visiting Australia has to be careful in using the index finger to beckon someone.A. 错误√B. 正确12. In Britain, you can look at a stranger for as long as you like providing they are not standing。

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

荆州学院《跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷考试课程：跨文化交际考试时间：120分钟专业：国际商务总分：100分---一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是文化的要素之一？A. 语言B. 宗教C. 肤色D. 性别2. 跨文化交际中，以下哪个层次的文化差异是最难以觉察和理解的？A. 表面文化B. 非语言文化C. 核心文化D. 价值观文化3. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种策略是针对文化差异进行适应的策略？A. 避免策略B. 否认策略C. 融合策略D. 转移策略4. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是有效沟通的重要因素？A. 语言水平B. 礼貌态度C. 文化敏感度D. 地位高低5. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个是文化差异的主要表现形式？A. 同化B. 异化C. 互动D. 观察6. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念不符合文化相对主义？A. 文化多样性B. 文化普遍性C. 文化变异性D. 文化相对性7. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种能力不是有效沟通的关键能力？A. 语言能力B. 礼貌表达能力C. 自我中心能力D. 文化敏感能力8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为不符合文化适应的原则？A. 尊重对方文化习惯B. 主动学习对方语言C. 保持自身文化不变D. 理解对方价值观9. 跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是非语言沟通的表现形式？A. 书面沟通B. 口头沟通C. 肢体语言D. 电话沟通10. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种心态有助于有效沟通？A. 自我中心B. 开放心态C. 歧视心态D. 偏见心态---二、判断题（每题2分，共20分）11. 文化是一种稳定不变的社会现象。

（）12. 表面文化是指文化的核心价值观和信仰。

（）13. 跨文化交际中，语言是文化传播的最重要工具之一。

（）14. 文化相对主义认为所有文化都是平等的。

（）15. 在跨文化交际中，适应性是唯一的有效策略。

（）16. 跨文化交际中，尊重对方文化是沟通的基本前提。

跨文化交际期末作业

跨文化交际期末作业

Custom differences between China and Arab countriesThe Arab countries generally refer to countries consisting mainly of the Arab nation .They have their own common language--The Arabic, and they have their own common culture and customs. The majority of them believe in the Islam. I major in the Arabic so I’m interested in the custom differences between my country and the Arab countries.●The custom differences in clothes.Dressing a gown and cloak and wearing a head kerchief with an Arab head hoop, this is a usual Arabic man’s appearance. A woman always dresses in long gowns which can cover her whole body, and the silk scarf hides her face. Dressing in these styles owing to the high temperature in the hot summer .Comparing to the Chinese people, we use more colorful clothes to dress up ourselves. We always wear jeans、jackets 、T-shirts in daily life. When we attend to some formal parties or meetings, men will wear suits and women will wear suits of skirts. No matter the Arabian’s clothes or the Chinese’s will get more and newer changes in line with the development of society.●The custom differences in food.Different nations have different ways to eat. In tradition, the eastern people use chopsticks to eat, and the western people use forks and knife to eat. However, the Arabian people use their hands to eat. They usually sit in land then have their meals, just picking up a piece of bread or some rice, even dishes with soup; they can also have a good meal with hands. Furthermore, they like sweet food and sweet beverages very much, such as coffee、desserts、handmade cookies andblack tea. China has a great system of Chinese dishes concluding nearly 8 styles. What’s more, the Chinese people are used to eating with chopsticks, which is difficult for many foreigners. China is well known for some food ,such like Jiaozi、moon cakes and Baozi etc.●The custom differences in etiquette.According to the Arabian’s living habits, their right hands are always clear. In their views, the left hand is full of dirtiness. So you have to pay attention to this when you give something to them. And don’t present them alcoholic drinks as gifts, for drinking alcohol is obviously breaking the Islam laws. In contrast, Chinese people send something to others with two hands in order to express respect and politeness. When at table, Chinese men always strengthen relationships by drinking alcohol together.●The custom differences in religion.The Islam is the first and biggest religion in the Arab countries. For one hand, the majority of the Arabian profess the Islam. For another hand, the Islam plays an important part as a governor there until today. Arabian people follow its tradition and laws spiritually and materially, and their children have to recite the Koran when they are 3 years old. While In China, people have freedom to choose their religion. There are nearly 21,000,000 Chinese Muslims, as well as many Buddhists and Christians in China.Nowadays, China has more connections and closer relationship with theArab countries, so it is necessary for us to know how to get along withthem .Meantime, I’m convinced of a better future between China and the Arab countries。

跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题(卷)

跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题(卷)

Test PaperⅠ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualisticview, while the East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West followsAnalytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West usesDeductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories:those that are primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs andallusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impres sion than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness” aspects so as to attract people.We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective information. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holdsthat _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holdsthat _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, the Philippines,Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming orientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. It goesby the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus ar t; objectivity versusimaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology; imaginationversus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugation versussubjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science ve rsus religion; objectivity versussubjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hindu thinksin order to _______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing ______,while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are__________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arab world,Mediterranean countries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia, Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US, Britain, mostNorthern European countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain, mostNorthern European countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication, thehigh-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German, SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese, J apaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese, BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble” of space (territory). Studies show thatpeople from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, _________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; North America,Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arab countries, andmany Asian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arab countries, andmany Asian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; South America,Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much more important tothe individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______,________for help, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while inextended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel that they had_______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assum e burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent; receiving;material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”; independent;giving; emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free; earning;financial; get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent; giving;spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; when beingaskedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; without waitingto be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friends give each otheremotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship between parents and married sons, inChina, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother,a man should ____________. At most he might hope to __________, and thiswas regarded as ________. In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. He would be expected to______________. He might even be counseled to _______________ the vicinity of his parents’ home to ease the conflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with his father; honorabl e;more important; side with no one; move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; lessimportant; side with his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable; moreimportant; side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral; dishonorable; lessimportant; side with his wife; move awayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is a hierarchysociety. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance is small,while in America, the power distance is large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”, and“face” has the same social significance for these countries in that one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts”as opposed to“opinions”. ( T )5.A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is to lookupward, for the Hindu is to look inward, for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware of them,and we make judgments according to them. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than o ne of only two possiblechoices. People everywhere possess the same values to different degrees, and the importance of that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree. ( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.In both China and Western countries, it is very common and usual foradults to fondle other people’s babies and very small children to show their affection and friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into on e harmonious identity. 天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds response in Nature.天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in the company of“redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7)A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires8)服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety。

23秋国家开放大学跨文化交际与汉语教学期末大作业参考答案

23秋国家开放大学跨文化交际与汉语教学期末大作业参考答案

国家开放大学《跨文化交际与汉语教学》期末大作业参考答案一、案例分析（25分/题，共50分）案例一李老师是一名汉语志愿者教师，在美国大学教口语课。

期末考试的形式为一对一的口语考试，考试的时候，她面对学生，认真倾听学生的口试，记录出现的语音语法错误，尽最大可能做到客观评分。

然而，分数发布以后，一名美国学生对分数提出申诉，理由是：“我在进行口试的时候，老师一直对我微笑，并且频频点头，我以为她对我的口试非常满意，可是为什么给了我这么低的分数！”李老师很迷惑：考试时对学生微笑，是为了缓解学生的紧张情绪；点头是为了鼓励学生继续往下说。

请问，如何理解学生对李老师的误解？如果你是李老师，这件事对你的教学有何启示？请你从非言语交际行为的文化差异、国际汉语教学环境中师生文化冲突两个方面对案例进行分析。

参考答案：这个案例涉及到了非言语交际行为的文化差异以及国际汉语教学环境中的师生文化冲突。

让我们从这两个方面来分析学生对李老师的误解以及可能的启示：（1）非言语交际行为的文化差异：微笑：在一些文化中，微笑通常被视为友好和支持的体现，可能会用于鼓励、安慰或者表示满意。

然而，在其他文化中，微笑的含义可能不同，有时甚至被视为不尊重或不严肃。

在美国文化中，通常会鼓励积极表达情感，因此，学生可能将老师的微笑解读为对自己口试表现的积极反馈。

点头：同样，点头在不同文化中也具有不同的含义。

在一些文化中，点头可以表示同意或者支持，而在其他文化中，可能被视为礼貌的回应而不一定表示同意。

在美国文化中，点头通常被视为肯定的反馈，因此学生可能误解老师点头为对他们表现的认可。

（2）国际汉语教学环境中的师生文化冲突：期望和反馈差异：在不同国家和文化中，教育体系和教育风格可能有很大的差异。

学生可能希望更直接的反馈和评价，而老师可能采用更为委婉的方式，以免伤害学生的自尊心。

这种期望和反馈的差异可能导致学生误解老师的意图。

文化教育：对于国际汉语教学来说，了解学生的文化背景以及他们对于教学方式和反馈的期望至关重要。

跨文化交流期末作业

跨文化交流期末作业

跨文化交流期末作业 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020跨文化交流期末作业廖振宇3910新闻 1组从中外文化差异看体育跨文化的传播策略在一般意义上，跨文化传播是各种文化信息在时间和空间中的流动、共享和互动的过程，主要指涉人类社会中文化要素的扩散、渗透和迁移的现象，以及身处不同文化背景的人们之间发生的信息传播与人际交往活动。

究其实质，跨文化传播就是一种沟通和建立不同文化中人与人之间共存关系的文化交往活动。

体育交往已经从一种体能技巧的竞技、社会活动或是文化实践，上升至诸如奥运会这样具有跨文化传播特质的宏大文化景观。

体育交往通常伴随着人口流动、信息流动、文化流动与资本流动。

作为一种整合的力量，资本流动与信息流动、文化流动一起形成一种流动效应，与体育交往形成互动，成为彼此发展、相互融合的推进力。

在现代技术的强力支撑之下，人口流动与信息流动早已突破了空间对体育交往活动的限制，为全球范围内大规模的体育交往提供了技术的保证。

北京奥运会共有204个国家和地区的10050名运动员参加。

仅8月8至24日，北京市累计接待国内外游客652万人次。

其中，接待入境游客万人次。

这一数据还不包括其他几个奥运协办城市。

短时间内大规模的人口流动以及人口流动带来的文化交流，其实现的基本保障便是通讯手段的便利与安全。

同时，为了规避大规模的文化混杂产生“巴别塔”风险，需要相对简明的话语体系在人群中形成即时性的文化认同。

体育交往中约定俗成的诸多运动规则与规范用语简单并且高度符号化，成为不同文化人群交流的世界性语言符号，既能够发挥通用语的沟通作用，又为在不同空间转换中发生的文化的碰撞与交融预设了制度性的约束。

此外，虽然资本的介入引发了旷日持久的争议，但体育交往中的资本流动作为一种资源型的供给，为体育交往特别是全球性大规模的体育交往提供了的物质基础。

跨文化交际期末练习

跨文化交际期末练习

I. Choose the best answer:1.When someone responds only to the residue of the behavior of anotherperson ,communicationa. is not effective .b. is quite effective .c. also takes place.d. does not occur.2.All cultures or institutions are equally valid or fitting ,according toa. cultural analysis.b. cultural relativism.c. cultural absolutism.d. cultural determinism.3.Intercultural communication as a field of study is interdisciplinary. Closely related to this fieldare the following disciplines excepta. medical studies .b. sociolinguistics.c. cultural anthropology.d. sociology.4.when you have paid a cashier in the US for your shopping, the cashier will most likely saya. Thank youb. Nothing.c. You’re very rich.d. You’ve made a great purchase.5.Can I whisper in your ear? I didn’t have a chance to tell you this morning how lovely you look!A male colleague of an American woman professor walked into the professor’s classroom and“whispered” in her ear when she was just lecturing to her students. This s hows thata. Americans make compliments on women’s appearance far more frequently and freely thanChinese people.b. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance as frequently and freely asAmericans.c. Americans make compliments on women’s app earance only when the complimented are oflow social status.d. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance only when the complimentedare of low social status.6.When you want to know whether an American is married or single or divorced, you can askindirectlya. Do you have any children?b. Are you married?c. Have you solved your personal problem?d. Do you have a large family?7.Your written work has really improved, but you still have a bit of a problem with yourspelling.This is criticism by English standards.a. directb. indirectc. weakd. strong8.When an American expresses thanks for a favor you have done him, you shoulda. say It’s my duty.b. say that’s what I should do .c. say It’s a pleasure .d. say That’s the least I can do .9.When an English woman tells you her real age, you can saya. That’s what I guess.b. No, no, you really are much younger than your age.c. That’s impossibled. Oh , dear me !You don’t expect that I believe you .10.By tradition westerners have much stronger sense of privacy than Chinese, because they laygreater emphasis ona. collectivism.b. individualism.c. relativism.d. imperialism.11.When an English tennis champion says well, I’m very keen on tennis,he is employingspeech calleda. irony.b. understatement.c. simile.d. exaggeration.12.This is x x x’s residence. We are not here at this moment. Please leave your name andtelephone number. W e’ll call you back as soon as we can. when you hear this on the phone, you should know that this comes froma. a gentleman’s family.b. an advanced telephone.c. an answering machine.d. a lady’s family.13.The nonverbal elements of the voice is calleda. kinesics.b. oculesics.c. proxemics.d. paralanguage.14.A: When can I come back for my ticket?B: Don’t worry. It is being taken care of.B’s response would be regarded by Americans asa. a polite response.b. a rude remark..c. a little information.d. insufficient information.15.When a newly-arrived American professor has just conducted his first class with Chinesestudents, you, as an administrator, can greet him by sayinga. You must have had a tiring job.b. Are you happy with your class?c. Are Chinese students the same as American students?d. Are they happy with your teaching?16.When you receive a phone call and knows that the person wanted on the phone is notavailable to answer it, you should saya. Does she/he have your name?b. Can I say that she/he is away from here?c. He/She is not available to speak to you.d. He/She is not with me right now.17.If you are asked to dine out, Dutch treat means thata. whoever pays for his own meal.b. You’ll be treated Dutch food.c. You’ll be invited to a Dutch restaurant.d. Whoever invites you will pay for the dinner.18.When an American friend compliments you on what you have, you should not say Do youreally like it, just take it ,becausea. what you have might be offensive to the people from his culture.b. What you have might be so expensive that he dares not take it.c. It could be just a compliment and he might have been a slip of the tongue.d. He might think that you made the offer on the spur of the moment without sincerity.19. The Chinese language is well known for in connecting phrases or sentences without usingmany logic-grammatical connectors.a. hypotactic techniques.b. various techniques.c. covert coherence.d. function words.20. “Han d extended toward person, open palm, palm down, with all fingers crooked in abeckoning motion”-this is normally the way of beckoning someone to come.a. universalb. Americanc. Chinesed. specific21．When an English tennis champion says I think I’m quite good, he is employing the figure of speech called :a. understatement.b. irony.c. similed. exaggeration22．When the training we receive is aimed at cultural self-awareness and other concepts that prepare us to communicate effectively any culture, it is calleda. narrow trainingb. culture-specific trainingc. all-around trainingd. culture-general training23．The turning point came for intercultural communication studies when the International Communication Association established under it the Division of Intercultural Communication ina.1980b.1970c.1990d.196024．I’m very impressed with your figures. A made colleague of an American woman professor said to her when she walked into the restaurant where he was dining. This shows thata. Americans make compliments on women’s appearance far more frequently and freely thanChinese speakers.b. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance as frequently and freely asAmericans.c. Americans make compliments o women’s appearance only when the complimented are oflow social status.d. Chinese speakers make compliments on women’s appearance only when the complimentedare of low social status.25．In response to You did a great job, you can say___ by American standards.a. Oh well, it had to happen sometimesb. No, no, I didn’t do it very wellc. Well, this is the result of collective labord. I’ll try to do it better next time26．I’m afraid your last essay was not quite up to standard, this is__ criticism by English standards.a. strongb. directc. weakd. indirect27. When you want to know whether an American is marred or single or divorced, you can askindirectlya. Do you have any children?b. Are you married?c. Have you solved your personal problem?d. Is your family with you here in China?28. When an American friend of yours has caught a cold, you can show concern by sayinga. I’m sure you’ll be better soon.b. You should drink more water.c. You should be more careful not catch cold again.d. I hope you’ll be feeling better soon29. Before you present a gift to an American friend, you shoulda. make sure to present it to his wife .b. make sure to keep the price tag onc. tear off its price tagd. tear off its wrapper30. When American friend compliments you on what you have, you should not say “Do you reallylike it? Just take it”, becausea. it could be just a compliment and he might have made a slip of the tongueb. what you have might be so expensive that he dares not take itc. it could be just a compliment and he might not really like it.d. what you have might be offensive to the people from his culture.31．Awareness of how another culture feels the standpoint of the insider can be calleda. empathyb. sympathyc. apathyd. insensibility32. It is believed that the publication of Introduction to Kinesics by marked thebeginning of nonverbal communication studies as a relatively independent field.a. Jespersenb. Birdwhistellc. Potter.d. Pennycook33. The study of the communication of interpersonal space and distance isa. chronemics.b. proxemics.c. haptics.d. oculesics.34. In I’m afraid you’re mistaken, the underlined part can be called from theperspective of interpersonal communication.a. negative words .b. softening words.c. redundant words .d. beautiful words35. When you hear on the phone well, I mustn’t hold you up any longer, you should know that thiscould well be a signal ofa. saying good-byeb. encouraging you to talk more .c. saying I enjoy our conversation ,but you need to go .d. saying I’ll try to be brief with you .36. Church Sale in the United States isa. to sell a churchb. to sell Bibles for very low pricesc. to sell things to church—goers for very low prices.d. to sell things donated by church-goers for very low prices.37. When an American stamps his foot, it usually suggestsa. remorseb. angerc. impatienced. disapproval38. As times passed, the desire of learning the language grew in my heart like a tree, bigger andbigger, so beautiful that I decided to be with her all my life. This kind of languagea. is very impressive by American standards.b. sounds too emotional by American standards.c. sounds too flowery and exaggerated by American standards.d. Is very bad English by American standards?39. When we say that Americans tend to behave this way or that, we don’t mean that everyAmerican will behave in exactly the way in every given situation, because culture isa. an approximationb. tendencyc. an abstractiond. all of the above40. A: (Showing B the sofa) Sit down, please.B: No, no. I’ll sit here. (Moving towards a chair)A: Oh, do sit over here on the sofa.B: No, no. This chair is perfectly all right.From the conversation you can deduce that B is most likelya. an Englishmanb. an Americanc. a Chinesed. a JapaneseII. True or false:1. Intercultural communication occurs whenever a message sender is a member of one culture anda message receiver is of another.2. Intercultural communication studies are as old as recorded history.3. “Give and take” is a principle highly valued in the United Sates.4. Friendship characterizes much of American daily interactions.5. Compared with Chinese Americans make friends easily and leave their friends almost asquickly.6. Chinese writers are not so particular about providing notes or bibliography in writing as English speakers, because the Chinese depend very much on shared cultural knowledge for mutual understanding.7. Sociologists believe that cultural mistakes are far more serious than linguistic mistakes, for the former often incur ill-feeling between speakers of two different cultures.8. Ms. can be used in the United States to address both married and unmarried ladies.9. IC courses are interdisciplinary in nature and therefore should draw materials from many disciplines.10. Cultures do not communicate; people do.11.If you are a guest and are introduced to your host, you do not take the initiative in shakinghands unless he holds out his hand first.12.When you want to learn about an American’s marital status, you can ask ,“Are you married orsingle ”13.By tradition westerners have much stronger sense of privacy than Chinese.14.Americans avoid the talk of the Civil War in their daily conversation.15.When you want to ask a native English-speaker to do you a favor, you should begin withAre you very busy?16.When you want to learn about an American’s political stand, you can ask, “Why did you votefor?”17.For entertaining English speakers, the more banquets or more courses for a banquet, thebetter.18.It is said that the British people hate to trouble others and ,when they need help, will usuallybegin with I don’t really like to ask you, but ….19.You can compliment an American with You look goo d. You ‘ve lost weight.20.Memorial Day is on the last Monday of May.21. In American forms you can often find “optional”following “religion”, because religiousbeliefs are very much a matter of privacy.22. When you are reading a book, you are actually responding to the author’s writing behavior.23. Communication is not irreversible.24. In a broad sense, culture indicates the history and literature of a people.25. Personal comments, implicitly or explicitly, on women’s appearance are more common in theUS than in China.26. Americans are said to be pushing in nature.27. All the Chinese expressions of gratitude do not sound courteous to American speakers.28. Intercultural communication and intracultural communication are both interpersonalcommunication.29. Chinese speakers always tear away price tags before they offer gifts to others.30. Americans are said to work while they work and play while they play.31. P-time is apt to be considered a point rather than a ribbon or a road.32. It is said that Englishmen’s humor sometimes consists of self-deprecation.33. There are basically two approaches to academic or scientific research and, for that matter, tointercultural communication studies; namely, induction and deduction.34. In English –speaking countries you usually first introduce an older person to a younger person, not the other way round.35. The English language is basically a hypotactic language in that it can do without the heavy use of logic-grammatical connectors.36. According to Benjamin Lee Whorf, the background linguistic system of each language is notmerely a reproducing instrument for voicing ideas but rather is itself the program and guide for the individual’s analysis of impressions, for his synthesis of his mental stock in trade. 37. If you are an old person and are introduced to someone younger than you, you do not take theinitiative in shaking hands unless he holds out his hand first.38. In China it’s inappropriate to keep one’s hat on indoors.39. Sometimes an Englishman may offer help merely as a gesture of politeness. In this case, youcan say something like I’d like to have your help, but ….40. Avoiding taboo has much to do with privacy.III. Explain the following terms:1.response2.intentional communication3.acceptance and integration4.linguistic relativity5.dominant culture6.Michigan States University7.culture-general training 8.role prescription9.lexical gap 10.Mr.America11.decoding 12.nondirectded communication13.mental isolation 14.black tie15.connotation 16.linguistic determinism17.individualism 18.cross-cultural communicationmunicative competence 20.China Association for Intercultural CommunicationIV. Elaborate the following topics:1.Do you think that “When in Rome do as Romans do” is the best indication of interculturalcommunication competence?2. Comment on the significance of nonverbal communication studies.3. Illustrate cultural differences in showing concern.4. Illustrate cultural differences in greeting people.。

跨文化交际期末考问题及答案

跨文化交际期末考问题及答案

Chinese： To show respect to the other or give
the face to the other
American：Illegal as the child abuse
Warm up
• 2. What is a good friend in Chinese and
mind, you can buy me a red rose to show your apology.” Then the man bought her a rose and they went to a hotel together to study more about the skirt.
What is intercultural communication? What have you learned from this class?
3. Intercultural Communication
• Samovar & Porter
Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.
• Non verbal communication includes those important but unspoken signals that individuals exhibit, specifically: body language (encompassing carriage/posture, appearance, listening, eye contact), hand gestures, and facial expressions. Non-verbal communication makes up the majority of the communication that we engage is, although it isn't always conscious.A very good example is:

跨文化交际期末考试题

跨文化交际期末考试题

跨文化交际期末考试题跨文化交际期末考试题Ⅰ. Define the following items.1.c ontext ：P492.n oise: P543.i ntercultural communication ：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.4.i ndividualism: P995.c ollectivism: P996.h igh-context culture ：P110 a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.7.l ow-context culture ：P110 a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.8.v erbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language 9.n onverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communicationsetting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver.II. Answer the following questions(简答题)1. What is the culture, and what are the characteristics of the culture? P45what the behavior and customs mean to the people who are following them.2. What’s the relationship between culture and language?Culture influences language by way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe(the meaning associated with the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.3. How do Japanese people refuse? P1354. How do Chinese and western people respond to others’ compliment? P1625. What kinds of nonverbal communication are often used in our daily communication? P1916. What are the functions of the nonverbal communication? P2187.What are the differences on receiving gift s between Chinese and westerner?In the West, it is regarded as polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express appreciation. In China, the situation is quite the reverse. Norma lly we Chinese feel that if you open the gift as soon as it is given, you might embarrass the person wh o gives the gift and you might be thought greedy. Therefore, Chinese people tend to open the gifts af ter the visitors have left.In China, many people send gifts without wrappi ng them, and if they wrap them, they usually tell t he receiver what is inside, and the receiver will tha nk the sender and put the gift aside without unwra pping them since they already know what is insid e. English receivers open the gifts in front of the se nders of the gifts.8.Describe the different ways in showing hospitality between Chinese culture and west ern culture.Chinese guests always refuse offer of drinks or food to demonstrate politeness in seeming not to wish to put their host to any trouble.Sometimes an offer is not a real offer but a polite remark. After we say 'no', we usually wait for the second and third offer. If the host just brings the food or drink an d ignores 'no', we ill accept it. Chinese like to press their guests to drink or eat to show their hospitalit y. While westerners always accept or refuse offer of drinks or food very genuinely.Their refusal is acce pted as genuine.Westerners don’t to press. To pres s people to have food or drink after they have refu sed is frowned upon and can cause embarrassment s.III. Case Analysis (You are required t o state cultural phenomenon in each cas e)Case 1Li Lan had an American friend Susan. They usually had lunch together and Li Lan often asked Susan for advice on problems she face d adjusting to American society. Susan gave Li Lan a lot of advice and helped her to impro ve her English. Once Li Lan needed urgently a big sum of money to pay her tuition fee. Si nce she has no other friends in the States, sh e turned to Susan for help and promised that she would return the money soon.To Li Lan’s great disappointment, this time Susan didn’t seem happy to lend the moneyto her. Though Li Lan returned the money as she promised, they didn’t get along well from then on.Question: Why did Li Lan feel unpleasant?Li Lan asked to borrow money from her A merican friend Susan, which is rarely part of Western friendship. Li Lan and Susan have di fferent expectations of friendship.In the West, people prefer to be independe nt and equal rather than dependent, so they don't feel comfortable in a relationship in whi ch one person gives more and the other pers on is dependent on what is given. Among frie nds they mostly provide emotional support to each other and spend timetogether, so they rarely borrow or lend money to each other. They would ask for a loan from the bank rath er than from their friends.While in China, people expect their friends to be loyal to each other, and they even take risks for their friends. So they would give no t only emotional support to each other but al so concrete help to each other, such as helpi ng to find a job, solving a problem, or even g iving money to help one out over a long peri od of time. So when a friend is in need, the fi rst person he or she wants to ask for help is naturally his/her friend.。

跨文化交际（胡超版）期末测试卷

跨文化交际（胡超版）期末测试卷

跨⽂化交际（胡超版）期末测试卷跨⽂化交际(胡超版)期末测试卷————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————⽇期：Test PaperⅠ. Filling the blanks:1.G enerally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East ishigh-contextual2.G enerally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view,while the East adopt s holistic view3.G enerally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic andabstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductivepattern, while the East uses inductive pattern5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those thatare primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralangu age; space, time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and al lusions thanin English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impression than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective information. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that_______, while the Asian people believe that_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming orientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. It goes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivity versus imaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology; imagination versus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugation versus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science versus religion; objectivity versus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hindu thinks in order to _______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing ______, while inChina, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are__________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.C A. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arab world, Mediterraneancountries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia, Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US, Britain, most NorthernEuropean countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US,Britain, most NorthernEuropean countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication, thehigh-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German, SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese, JapaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese, BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble”of space (territory). Studies show that people from________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, _________.A A. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; North America,Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arab countries, and manyAsian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America,Arab countries, and manyAsian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; South America,Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much more important to theindividual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, Hispa nicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______, ________forhelp, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help.CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while in extended-familyculture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel that they had_______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask fo r help, recognizing, however, that the friend may_____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent; receiving;material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”; independent; giving;emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free; earning; financial;get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent; giving; spiritual;get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually ________ forall practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; when being askedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; without waiting to beaskedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friends give each otheremotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise qu estions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship between parents and married sons, in China, aman’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother, a man should ____________. At most he might hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________. In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. He would be expected to______________. He might even be counseled to _______________ the vicinity of his parents’home to ease the conflict. D A. more important; side with his mother; side with his father; honorable; moreimportant; side with no one; move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; less impo rtant; sidewith his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable; more important;side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral; dishonorable; lessimportant; side with his wife; move awayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is a hierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance is small, while inAmerica, the power distance is large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”, and “face” has thesame social significance for these countries in that one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts” as opposed to “opinions”. ( T )5. A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is to look upward, for theHindu is to look inward, for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware of them, and we makejudgments according to them. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than one of only two possiblechoices. People everywhere possess the same values to different degrees, and the importance of that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree.( T)9.“Lover” and “爱⼈”have the same meaning. ( F )10.I n both China and Western countries, it is very common and usual for adults tofondle other people’s babies and very small children to show their affection and friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity.天⼈合⼀2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds response in Nature.天⼈感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从⼈愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in the company of “redness”,but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink.近朱者⾚，近墨者⿊5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助⾃助者6)Look before you leap. 三思⽽后⾏7) A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万⽊林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗⼦，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信⽤trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires8)服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养⽗母filial piety。

跨文化交际期末试题及答案

跨文化交际期末试题及答案

跨文化交际期末试题及答案试题一：1. 跨文化交际的概念是什么？2. 跨文化交际中可能遇到的困难有哪些？如何应对？3. 请列举两个不同文化背景下的沟通误解，并说明产生误解的原因。

4. 如何加强跨文化交际的能力？5. 请描述一次成功的跨文化交际经历，并谈谈你从中学到了什么。

答案如下：1. 跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的个体之间进行信息传递和相互理解的过程。

它涉及到语言、行为、价值观等方面的差异，需要在尊重和理解对方文化的基础上进行有效交流。

2. 在跨文化交际中，可能遇到语言障碍、文化差异导致的误解、价值观冲突等困难。

要应对这些困难，首先需要学习对方的语言，尽量减少语言障碍。

其次，要了解对方文化的特点，避免由于文化差异而引起的误解。

最后，要保持开放心态，尊重不同的价值观，通过倾听和理解来解决潜在的冲突。

3. （1）例子一：在西方国家，直接表达意见被视为开放和直率的表现，但在东方文化中，过于直接的表达会被视为冒犯和不尊重他人。

这种差异可能导致沟通中的误解和冲突。

原因：西方文化注重个人主义和直接表达，而东方文化注重集体主义和含蓄表达。

双方的价值观和文化习惯差异导致了沟通误解。

（2）例子二：在某些非洲国家，左手被视为不洁之手，不可用于触摸或传递物品；而在西方国家，左手并没有特殊的意义。

如果一个西方人无意中用左手递给非洲人物品，可能会被视为不尊重对方的文化。

原因：非洲文化中，左手被认为是不洁的，使用左手被视为不尊重和不礼貌的行为。

而在西方文化中，没有类似的禁忌。

4. 加强跨文化交际的能力需要多方面的努力。

首先，要增加对不同文化背景的了解，包括语言、历史、价值观等方面。

其次，要培养跨文化沟通的敏感性和意识，学会观察和尊重不同文化之间的差异。

此外，多与来自不同文化的人交流，积累经验和技巧，不断提升自己的跨文化交际水平。

5. 描述一次成功的跨文化交际经历，得以学习到很多。

我在一次国际研讨会上结识了一位来自日本的研究者。

长春中医药大学《大学英语跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

长春中医药大学《大学英语跨文化交际》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

C．what is known D．which is known7、Lucia impressed her peer students with her musical talent, as well as several foreignlanguages ______. Array A．on her own B．under her control C．in her charge D．at her command8、She was in a ________ condition after the heart transplant operation when her body rejected the foreign organ.A．skeptical B．critical C．theoretical D．practical9、— Peter, you seem in high spirits.— ________ I have been offered a part-time job in the KFC .A．So what? B．No wonder.C．No doubt. D．Guess what.10、New policies, _______ to insure that compulsory education is truly free, ________ by the local government across China since the start of school on September 1.A．intending; have been made known B．intended; have been made known C．intending; are made known D．intended; had made known第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

跨文化交际(期末)

跨文化交际(期末)

Part1 summary.1. Unit1 reading1 Intercultural Communication: An Introduction (1)In this part, the author gives us an introduction about the intercultural communication. With the development of the new technology, innovative communication systems and globalization of the economy, intercultural communication can never be avoided. People are also supposed to understand these backgrounds to be successful in the daily lives.2. Unit1 reading 1 Intercultural Communication: An Introduction (2)In this part, the author talks about the cultural elements that influence the communication. The three major elements are cultural values, worldview and social organization. Cultural is everything and everywhere, different cultures provide different kinds of communication practices.3. Unit 2 further reading II Essential of Human CommunicationIn this passage, the author talks about the essentials of human communication, such as communication is dynamic process, symbolic and systemic, communication involves making inferences, communication has a consequence and communication is complex. All of these elements work together; they give us a better understanding about how to have a prefect communication.4. Unit3 further reading II High-Context and Low-Context CulturesIn this passage, the author explains the high-context and low-context cultures. High-context communication prefer verbal mode and their massages are implicit, low-context communication prefer direct verbal code and most of their information is vested in the explicit. In a word, different contexts have different cultures.5. Unit6 further reading I Functions of Nonverbal CommunicationIn this passage, the author talks that the nonverbal communication is very important, and they are always used in our daily life. There are five functions of the nonverbal communication: repeating, complementing, substituting, regulating and contradicting. People should know different kinds of cultures and use their nonverbal communication correctly.。

跨文化交际期末

跨文化交际期末

定义题1. What is “intercultural communication”? P6refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event.There are three kinds of things you need to learn if you want to be able to communicate effectively with Westerners. First, you need to learn a foreign language, usually English. Second, you should learn as much as possible about Western cultures. However, studying English language and Western culture is not enough. You should also learn something about what happens when people from different cultures try to communicate with each other —in other words, "intercultural communication."2.What is a culture? P13A culture is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads.Culture: can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people3.What are stereotypes?P13Stereotypes means very broad generalizations such as “British people are polite,”“Americans are friendly”, and so forth.It is a derogatory word. It means that image, idea, character that has become fixed or standardized in a conventional form without individuality and is therefore false and shallow. Stereotypes may have a basis in fact, but they are too broad and shallow, and they give us the mistaken idea that a people’s culture can be summed up easily in a few short , simple statements. Stereotypes are also dangerous because they may trick us into believing that knowing a few stereotypes is the same thing as understanding another culture.4.What does “interpretation” means?P24A very important aspect of intercultural communication is “interpretation”, t he process of deciding what foreigners’ words and actions mean and why they do what they do. For example, when Xiao Li tries to understand why the taxi driver asked for so much money, she is “interpreting” his behavior.5.I n dividualist p32Individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give priority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others.6.Collectivist P32Collectivist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Most Asian cultures, including China's, tend to be collectivist. People see themselves as parts of one or more collectives; are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives; are willing to give priority to the goals ofthese collectives over their own personal goals; and emphasize their connectedness to members of these cultures.7.What is “hierarchy”?P50Hierarchy is differences in rank and power. Every society has hierarchy to some degree. In other words, some people have higher rank and more power than others, perhaps because they are older, stronger, wealthier, or have some kind of official position.8.What is “culture shock”?P58“Culture shock”is often used to describe what happens whenever a person encounters a culture different from his or her own. The term culture shock describes what happens when a sojourner from culture A goes to live in culture B, and needs to adapt to life there.The constant effort and uncertainty of dealing with a foreign language and culture can lead to a condition called “culture shock”. It is a feeling of being confused and overwhelmed by life in another culture. People who experience culture shock often feel fatigued, impatient and irritable. They may also begin trying to avoid interaction with foreigners, and even become increasingly critical and hostile toward them. Foreigners in China sometimes experience culture shock — and so do Chinese who go to live in other countries.9.Low context P66The way to communicate tends to be relatively explicit and direct. In other words, people tend to put most of heir ideas and feelings plainly and openly. It’s generally considered a good thing to “get the point” and “say what you mean”, and it is largely the speaker’s responsibility to ensure that his/her message is stated in a way that is clear and easy to understand.10.High context P66High context is more indirect and subtle and listeners are expected to take more responsibility for interpreting messages correctly. People are expected to pay much attention to the context in which communication takes place and when people interpret what others mean, they often give more weight to the context than to the actual words said. In fact, people in high context cultures often view direct, explicit communication as unsophisticated or even rude.11.What is “projected cultural similarity”? P74Projected cultural similarity is a phenomenon which is the tendency to assume that people from other cultures basically think and feel more the same way we do. In other words, we sometimes assume that while foreigners may look different, dress differently, and speak different languages, "inside we are all more or less the same".12.“Loose” cultures P83“Loose” culture do not demand a high degree of conformity. In loose cultures, people have a relatively wide range of views as to what is considered normal behavior. Of course, such cultures have some consensus on what is and is not considered appropriate behavior, but the consensus is not very strong and there is often much disagreement. People in loose cultures also tend to be relatively tolerant of behavior that does not conform to cultural norms.13. “Tight” cultures P83Tight cultures expect a relatively high degree of conformity. There is a clear consensus as to what is and is not acceptable behavior, and there is more pressure on people to conform to the norms of the culture.14.What is “ethnocentrism”? P93"Ethnocentrism" is the tendency to think of one’s own culture as being at the center of the world in other words, to assume that one’s own culture's way of thinking and acting is more natural, normal, and correct than the way people from other cultures think and act.15.What are “in-groups” and “out-groups”? P107In-Groups: “In-groups” are the people we have the most in common with and identify most closely with, such as our family, classmates, or co-workers. We also have larger in-groups such as people who are from our own region, religious group, ethnic group, or nation.Out-groups: out groups are those groups of people who we do not identify with---people from other families, regions, ethnic groups, or nations. Toward outsiders, we tend to be more critical, suspicious, and willing to pass harsh judgments.16.Collectivist culturesCollectivist generally have a high sense of loyalty and obligation to their in-groups, and will often go to great lengths to help people they consider members of their in-groups. However, they feel less obligation to outsiders. The main distinction people usually make is between “us” and “them”.17.Individualist western cultures P114While individualist westerners also treat outsiders differently from members of their out-groups, the difference is generally not so great; for example, individualists generally assist members of their in-groups as much as collectivists would, but they may offer more assistance to outsiders than collectivists would. The main distinction people usually make is between “me” and “others”.18.What are “war stories”? P125The term “war stories” originally referred to the kinds of stories soldiers would tell after experiences in battle. Now “war stories” refers more generally to any stories people tell after strange or stressful experiences, including stories about unusual encounters with foreigners. War stories naturally tend to be biased against outsiders, so they tend to reinforce negative views toward foreigners. What’s more, negative views based on an experience with one foreigner are often used as evidence to draw conclusions about foreigners in general.19.What is giving the benefit of the doubt? P142When you encounter a foreigner whose behavior seems unusual or hard to understand, you should keep an open mind and try to delay or suspend interpretation. Giving the benefit of the doubt is less likely to cause us to think or act in ways that will unnecessarily damage our relationships with foreigners.简答题(定义+评论）1. What are the problems in intercultural communication?/Why is it so hard to communicate with foreigners? P9refer to communication between people whose cultural backgrounds are distinct enough to alter their communication event. Learn about what happens when people from different cultures try to communicate with each other — in other words, "intercultural communication."Part of the problem is that there are many different languages, so it is very hard to communicate with foreigners. Also, cultures are different and it’s difficult for foreigners to understand why students acted as they did. Another part of the problem is the way foreigners handle the intercultural communication. When Chinese do or say things that seem strange to them, foreigners tend to jump to conclusions and they are more likely to jump to negative conclusions instead of considering other possible explanations for the Chinese students’ behavior.2.What are the characteristics of Chinese culture? P17定义“culture”1. collectivism----------emphasis on the doctrine of the mean2. large power distance--hierarchy3. Inter-group (in-group) harmony and avoidance of overt (covert) conflict in interpersonal relations4. hypocritical5. hypocrisy6. belief in the “naturalness, necessity, and inevitability of hierarchy.”7. inequality based on achievement, especially academic, moral, and financial achievement8. belief that “the judgment of wise people”is a better way to regulate life than rigid, artificial laws9. people exist “in and through relationship with others.”10. academic emphasis on memory, attention to detail, and lengthy homework3.What are the virtues of Chinese culture? P31定义“culture”1. formality2. hierarchy3. industriousness/diligent/assiduous4. being filial5. hard work6. modesty (modest)---humility (humble)7. thrifty—economical---frugal—frugalityment on: “Never a borrower or lender be” P32定义“individualist”Individualist culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as individuals and emphasize the needs of individuals. In general, Western culture tends to be individualist. They view themselves as independent of collectives; are primarily motivated by their own preferences, needs, rights, and the contacts they have established with others; give priority to their personal goals over the goals of others; and emphasize rational analyses of the advantages and disadvantages to associating with others.“Never a borrower or a lender be”, this sentence means that it is best to not lend money to other people and to not borrow from other people. When we lend something we risk losing both the thing we lend and the friendship with that other person. To begin with, it is because westerners are in Individualist Cultures. Individualists tend to view themselves as individuals and toemphasize the needs of individuals. Individualists feel less obligation to others, whether they are in-groups or out-groups. Secondly, because of their characteristics, their individualism, western people tend to be very independent and self-reliant. They will always solve their problems by themselves. So they don’t want ot hers to rely on them, either.5.What are some differences between an individualist culture and a collectivist one? P35定义：individualist and collectivistThere are two basic difference between cultures.One illustration of the difference between collectivist and individualist cultures can be found in the way schools are organized. Chinese students generally function as a group. They are organized into class groups and have the same courses with students in the same class. In contrast, North American students are expected to function as individuals. They generally choose courses according to their own interests and have different classmates in different courses.Parties serve as another illustration. Chinese parties often have a group focus. Western parties are different, for example, the cocktail party in which people chat together in pairs or small groups and may change conversation partners during the party.6. What are some ways in which Western societies differ in how they view the issue of equality? P51定义：equality 和hierarchyMost modern societies believe that equality is a virtue, at least to some extent. In other words, people these societies try to minimize rank and power differences, and try to place limits on the power of people in authority.Hierarchy is differences in rank and power. Every society has hierarchy to some degree. In other words, some people have higher rank and more power than others, perhaps because they are older, stronger, wealthier, or have some kind of official position.In US culture, “equality”almost always means “equality of opportunity”, not equal wealth. Americans tend to believe that, as much as possible, all people should be given an equal chance, but then people deserve whatever rewards they work for. In contrast, Western Europeans, especially, Scandinavians, tend to feel that equality of opportunity alone will not guarantee social or material equality. So these cultures place more emphasis on material equality, and their tax and social welfare systems are designed to ensure that difference in wealth between citizens is not large.7.A prescription for culture shock. P61“Culture shock” is often used to describe what happens whenever a person encounters a culture different from his or her own. The term culture shock describes what happens when a sojourner from culture A goes to live in culture B, and needs to adapt to life there.1. accept the occurrence of culture shock as natural2. learn about the host culture3. find a logical reason for everything strange or bad about the host culture4. look for the positive things in the host culture5. avoid foreigners who are critical of the host country6. do not always say critical things about host culture7. keep a good sense of humor8. find another foreigner who knows the host culture9. make friends with people from the host culture10. you won’t lose your own culture11. keep busy and active12. if you feel fatigued, take a little vacation13. prepare a presentation about your own culture8.Why does PCS cause intercultural communication problems? P74Projected cultural similarity is the tendency to assume that people from other cultures basically think and feel more the same way we do. In other words, we sometimes assume that while foreigners may look different, dress differently, and speak different languages, "inside we are all more or less the same".1. People from different culture assume they understand each other instead of asking each other what they think. Because they each expect the other person to react more or less the same way they would, they don't check to see whether or not the other person actually has the same feelings and reactions they would. For this reason, the misunderstanding become worse over time rather than getting better.2. Languages are different.3. Misinterpret non-verbal communication.4. Stereotypes and preconceptions.5. Evaluate before really understanding.9.the golden rules -Do unto others what you would have them do unto you. P77定义Projected cultural similarityThe sentence means that it’s better not to do things to others what you don’t want others do to you. This behavior shows the phenomena “Projected cultural similarity”. In our cultural system, if you don’t like thing done to you, you just don’t impose on others. It’s a kind of virtue. But from the aspect of PCS, people just assume people from other cultures view things the same way we do. What we think is right, we consider others will think it is right, too. However, it just doesn’t work out like that. Because of different cultural background, we have different interpretations of everything happened .we can not expect others to think or act the same as we do.ment on: conformity in Western cultures. P83定义：”loose culture” and “tight culture”Chinese culture is tight culture ,and western cultures are loose cultures. So conformity in western cultures is less than that in Chinese culture.Western individualist cultures tend to be “looser” than collectivist cultures. This tendency toward looseness can be seen in a variety of ways. One reflection is a widespread reluctance to pass laws that prohibit unusual behavior. Another reflection can be seen in Western advertising.ment on: What factors lead to /contribute to looseness or tightness in culture？P86定义：”loose culture” and “tight culture”1. the degree of change in the population---the more people move, the looser and individualist a society tends to be“a country on the wheels”2. the density of the population—small dense society tend to be collectivist, hence tighter. Large dense society tend to be more complex, hence not quite so tight---“a melting pot”3. the number of choices available in society---the more choices available, the more room there is for individualism--looserment on: ethnocentrism and projected cultural similarities P93定义：”ethnocentrism” and “projected cultural similarities”"Ethnocentrism" is the tendency to think of one’s own culture as being at the center of the world in other words, to assume that one’s own culture's way of thinking and acting is more natural, normal, and correct than the way people from other cultures think and act.“Projected cultural similarity” is a phenomenon which is the tendency to assume that people from other cultures basically think and feel more the same way we do. In other words, we sometimes assume that while foreigners may look different, dress differently, and speak different languages, "inside we are all more or less the same".Both of them can not be avoided or overcame in intercultural communication. These two phenomena show that every country or nation consider their own culture as the center.Ethnocentrism is taking one’s own cultural norms as the standard by which to judge people of other cultures and it is purposeful. What’s worse, it may lead to manslaughter.PCS is assuming that people of other cultures view things the same way you do---cultural assumption and it is not purposeful.13.Why are in/out-groups a problem in intercultural communication? P107定义：”in-groups” and “out-groups”1. We generally have more positive feelings toward members of our in-groups than we do toward outsiders. We trust insiders more.2. We tend to have a stronger sense of obligation to insiders than to outsiders. We feel it’s right to help insider more …3. We tend to judge in-groups and out-groups by different standards. To insiders. More generous, to outsiders, more critical, suspicious, more harsh judgmentsSo the ties of goodwill and trust between in-groups and out-groups are often relatively weak, and they break easily when there is conflict or misunderstanding.14.How do Chinese people treat in/out-group based on their own culture? P117定义：”in-groups” and “out-groups”The distinction Chinese usually make is between “us” and “them”. In other wards, there is much assistance and concern for insiders and less for those outside.Chinese often view outsiders who come to China as guests, and give them much special treatment. In part, this is because Chinese view guests as a kind of in-group and tend to treat in-group members very well.15.Characteristics of war stories. P128定义：war stories1. Desire for sympathy. We generally tell war stories to people who are likely to sympathize with us, usually people from our own culture rather than outsiders2. Desire for assurance. We want to get reassurance that our interpretation of the encounter makes sense.3. Desire to tell a good story. we tend to emphasize how unreasonable the behavior of the foreigner was, and how reasonable our own behavior was.16.Why do Americans know less about other countries? P149定义：”culture” and “ethnocentrism”1. US schools do not teach as much world history as schools in many other countries.2. The US borders on relatively few other nations, and is separated from most by large oceans.3. The power of the US means that it has more impact on other nations than other nations have on the US affairs.4. In terms of geographic size and population, the US as a very large nation, hence generates such a volume of local news that the importance of international news diminishes by comparison.5. The power of the US tempts Americans to believe that learning about other countries isn’t so important.6. The international spread of the English language and Western culture diminishes the need of Americans to learn other languages and cultures.。

跨文化交际期末考试题及答案

跨文化交际期末考试题及答案

跨文化交际期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通技巧？A. 保持开放态度B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B2. 在不同文化背景下，以下哪种行为可能被误解？A. 直视对方眼睛B. 点头表示同意C. 用食指指人D. 握手答案：C3. 在跨文化交流中，以下哪种方式可以增进相互理解？A. 坚持自己的文化观点B. 避免讨论敏感话题C. 主动分享自己的文化背景D. 只关注自己的文化答案：C4. 以下哪个概念与跨文化交际密切相关？A. 文化适应B. 个人主义C. 集体主义D. 所有选项答案：D5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个因素可能导致误解？A. 语言障碍B. 非语言信号C. 文化价值观差异D. 所有选项答案：D...二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述跨文化交际中“文化休克”的现象及其应对策略。

答案：文化休克是指个体在进入一个与自己文化背景不同的新环境时，由于文化差异而产生的困惑、焦虑和不适应感。

应对策略包括：提前了解目标文化，保持开放和灵活的心态，寻找支持系统，以及采取积极的适应措施。

2. 描述跨文化交际中的“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的特点。

答案：高语境文化（High-context culture）指的是在交流中，信息的传递依赖于非语言因素，如肢体语言、面部表情和情境背景。

低语境文化（Low-context culture）则强调语言的直接性和明确性，信息主要通过语言来传递。

三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一名国际商务谈判代表，你被派往一个与你文化背景截然不同的国家进行商务谈判。

请描述你将如何准备这次谈判，并在谈判中如何运用跨文化交际技巧。

答案：在准备谈判时，我会首先研究目标国家的文化、商业习惯和谈判风格。

我会学习基本的语言词汇，了解当地的礼仪和非语言交流习惯。

在谈判中，我会保持尊重和耐心，避免使用可能引起误解的肢体语言，积极倾听对方的观点，并在适当的时候表达自己的立场。

期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案

期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案

期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案一、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下面短文，并根据文章内容选择正确答案。

Passage 1Communication styles and norms differ significantly between cultures, and understanding these differences is essential for successful cross-cultural communication.In some cultures, such as the United States and Canada, direct communication is highly valued. People tend to speak their mind openly and directly, even if it means disagreeing with others. They believe in being straightforward and assertive.On the other hand, in many Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, indirect communication is the norm. People are more likely to hint at what they mean rather than stating it outright. They often use nonverbal cues and context to convey their messages. This communication style values harmony and maintaining face.When engaging in cross-cultural communication, it is important to be aware of these differences and adjust your communication style accordingly. If you are from a direct communication culture, you may need to be more sensitive to nonverbal cues when interacting with individuals from an indirect communication culture.1. According to the passage, direct communication is highly valued in which cultures?A. Asian culturesB. United States and CanadaC. European culturesD. African cultures2. What is the communication style in Japan and China?A. Direct communicationB. Indirect communicationC. Nonverbal communicationD. Contextual communication参考答案：1. B2. B二、交际用语（共10分）根据对话情境和所给选项，选择恰当的答案完成对话。

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Assignments:
There are some case analysis for you to finish after class (You are required to state cultural phenomenon in each case)
1.An American went to Chinese home. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. The visitor drank the second cup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then… until the visitor was quite full.
Question: Why did the American get quite full?
2. An English guest: Each time a new dish arrived his parents would lean over and load my plate with tasty morsels. As they had taken all the trouble to cook it I just had to polish it off. As soon as my plate was empty they would put more on. Of course, I felt duty-bound to eat that too.
A Chinese guest: Can you imagine how many dishes I had? Only one -- a stew with meat and vegetables. The meat was over done and too hard to eat; green vegetables were no longer green. They never put food on your plate but just ask you to help yourself. If you, as a guest, are shy or modest, waiting for the food to be put on your plate, you will remain half-starved.
Question: Are there any differences in hospitality between a Chinese and English? What are the reasons?Inthe movie The Joy Luck Club,
3.Ted brought his girlfriend Rose to his family for the first time, while his mother objected to their relationship because of Rose’s Chinese immigrant identity. Then she arrogantly tried to command Rose to give up her love and marriage without Ted’s presence. On knowing this, Ted was quite angry with his mother and scolded her immediately. Try to analyze this case with the principles for establishing good interpersonal relationships or power distance in your own words. (20’)
4. According to films we have watched in this semester, which one impressed you most and why? You are required to analyze the reasons with what you have learnt in our text book.(20’)
5. Inthe movie Guasha Treatment, you are required to analyze the misunderstanding between Datong and John with Kluckholn and Strodtbeck’s Value Orientations or any other clashes in it with Hofstede-Bond Value Dimentions.(20’)。

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