物理化学课后习题答案第九章

物理化学习题解答(九)

1 (1) Pt ︱H 2(p H 2)︱HCl(a )︱Cl 2(p Cl 2)︱Pt 正极：Cl 2(p Cl 2)+ 2e -→2Cl -(a ) 负极：H 2(p H 2) –2e -→2H +(a )

电池反应：H 2(p H 2) + Cl 2(p Cl 2)==2HCl(a ) (2) Pt ︱H 2(p H 2)︱H +(a H +)‖Ag +(a Ag +)︱Ag(s) 正极：Ag +(a Ag +)+ e -→Ag(s) 负极：H 2(p H 2) –2e -→2H +(a H +)

电池反应：H 2(p H 2) + Ag +(a Ag +)==2H +(a H +)+ Ag(s)

(3) Ag(s)︱AgI(s)︱I -(a I -)‖Cl -(a Cl -)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag(s) 正极：AgCl(s) + e -→Ag(s) + Cl -(a Cl -) 负极：Ag(s) + I -(a I -)– e -→AgI(s)

电池反应：AgCl(s) + I -(a I -)==AgI(s) + Cl -(a Cl -) (4) Pb(s)︱PbSO 4(s)︱SO 42-(a SO 42-)‖Cu 2+(a Cu 2+)︱Cu(s) 正极：Cu 2+(a Cu 2+) + 2e -→Cu(s)

负极：Pb(s) + SO 42-(a SO 42-)–2e -→PbSO 4(s)

电池反应：Pb(s) + Cu 2+(a Cu 2+) + SO 42-(a SO 42-)==PbSO 4(s) + Cu(s) (5) Pt ︱H 2(p H 2)︱NaOH(a )︱HgO(s)︱Hg(l) 正极：HgO(s) + H 2O (l)+ 2e -→Hg(l) + 2OH -(a OH -) 负极：H 2(p H 2)+ 2OH -(a OH -) –2e -→2H 2O(l) 电池反应：HgO(s) + H 2(p H 2)==Hg(l)+H 2O(l) (6) Pt ︱H 2(p H 2)︱H +(a H +)︱Sb 2O 3(s)︱Sb(s)

正极：Sb2O3(s) + 6H+(a H+)+ 6e-→2Sb(s) + 3H2O(l)

负极：H2(p H

) –2e-→2H+(a H+)

2

) ==2Sb(s) + 3H2O(l)

电池反应：Sb2O3(s) + 3H2(p H

2

(7) Pt︱Fe3+(a1)，Fe2+(a2)‖Ag+(a Ag+)︱Ag(s)

正极：Ag+(a Ag+)+ e-→Ag(s)

负极：Fe2+(a2) – e-→ Fe3+(a1)

电池反应：Ag+(a Ag+) + Fe2+( a2)==Fe3+( a1)+Ag(s)

(8) Na(Hg)(a am)︱Na+(a Na+)‖OH-(a OH-)︱HgO(s)︱Hg(l)

正极：HgO(s) + H2O (l)+ 2e-→Hg(l) +2OH-(a OH-)

负极：2Na(Hg)(a am) –2e-→2Na+(a Na+) + 2Hg(l)

电池反应：2Na(Hg)(a am) + HgO (s) + H2O(l)==2 Na+(a Na+) + 2OH-(a OH-) + 3Hg(l)

2解：

(1)AgCl(s)==Ag+(a Ag+) + Cl-(a Cl-)

电池：Ag(s)︱Ag+(a Ag+)‖Cl-(a Cl-)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag(s)

正极：AgCl(s) + e-→Ag(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

负极：Ag(s)–e-→Ag+(a Ag+)

电池反应：AgCl(s)==Ag+(a Ag+) + Cl-(a Cl-)

(2)AgCl(s) + I-(a I-) ==AgI(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

电池：Ag(s)︱AgI(s)︱I-(a I-)‖Cl-(a Cl-)︱AgCl(s)︱Ag(s)

正极：AgCl(s) + e-→Ag(s) + Cl-(a Cl-)

负极：Ag(s) + I-(a I-)– e-→AgI(s)

电池反应：AgCl(s) + I -(a I -) ==AgI(s) + Cl -(a Cl -) (3) HgO(s) + H 2(p H 2)==Hg(l)+H 2O(l)

电池：Pt(s)︱H 2(p H 2)︱NaOH(a )︱HgO(s)︱Hg(l) 正极：HgO(s) + H 2O(l) + 2e -→Hg(l) + 2OH -(a ) 负极：H 2(g) + 2OH -(a ) –2e -→2H 2O(l) 电池反应：HgO(s) + H 2(p H 2)→Hg(l) + H 2O(l) (4) Fe 2+( a Fe 2+) + Ag +(a Ag +)== Fe 3+( a Fe 3+) + Ag(s) 电池：Pt(s)︱Fe 3+( a Fe 3+)，Fe 2+( a Fe 2+)‖Ag +(a Ag +)︱Ag(s) 正极：Ag +(a Ag +)+ e -→Ag(s) 负极：Fe 2+( a Fe 2+) – e -→ Fe 3+( a Fe 3+)

电池反应：Fe 2+( a Fe 2+)+Ag +(a Ag +)== Fe 3+( a Fe 3+) + Ag(s) (5) 2 H 2(p H 2) + O 2(p O 2)==2H 2O(l)

电池：Pt ︱H 2(p H 2)︱H +(a H +)︱O 2(p O 2)︱Pt(s) 正极：O 2(p O 2) + 4H +(a H +) + 4 e -→2H 2O(l) 负极：2H 2(p H 2) – 4e -→4H +(a H +) 电池反应：2 H 2(p H 2) + O 2(p O 2)==2H 2O(l) (6) Cl 2(p Cl 2) + 2I -(a I -)==I 2(s)+2Cl -(a Cl -)

电池：Pt ︱I 2(s))︱I -(a I -)‖Cl -(a Cl -)︱Cl 2(p Cl 2)︱Pt 正极：Cl 2(p Cl 2) + 2e -→2Cl -(a Cl -) 负极：2I -(a I -)–2e -→ I 2(s)

电池反应：Cl 2(p Cl 2) + 2I -(a I -)==I 2(s)+2Cl -(a Cl -) (7) H 2O(l)== H +(a H +) + OH -(a OH -)