铁路车站取送车系统优化理论与方法研究
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第3 3卷,第2期 中国铁道科学Vol.33No.2
2 0 1 2年3月 CHINA RAILWAY
SCIENCE March,2012
文章编号:1001-4632(2012)02-0135-03·博士学位论文摘要·
铁路车站取送车系统优化理论与方法研究
牟 峰1,2
,王慈光2(博导)
(1.西华大学交通与汽车工程学院,四川成都 610039;2.西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,四川成都 610031
) 关键词:铁路车站;取送车系统;取送车方案;装卸区;布置型式;二维组合优化;蚁群遗传算法 中图分类号:U
292.29 文献标识码:A doi:10.3969/j
.issn.1001-4632.2012.02.23 收稿日期:2011-08-15;修订日期:2011-10-
09 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(
60776824):四川省教育厅资助科研项目(11ZB003);2011年西华大学重点科研基金项目 作者简介:牟 峰(
1980—)男,四川成都人,讲师,博士。 取送车系统是车站作业系统的子系统,其效率
的高低直接关系到出发列车正点率、车辆周转时间等运输生产指标。基于系统优化理论与方法、组合数学、集合论以及生产实践经验,分析取送车系统的要素、结构、环境和特征,研究取送车问题的建模方法、模型解的构造方法、寻优算法和提高问题寻优效率的启发式方法,并通过算例对研究成果的适用性进行验证。主要研究内容和结论如下。(1
)详细分析取送车作业对象、货物作业地点及其分布类型、取送车作业单项要素和取送车作业组织方式,综合分析取送车系统的功能要素、环境和特征,并对有关概念进行清晰地界定。
(2
)对装卸区呈放射形布置的取送车问题进行研究。假设调机牵引能力和各装卸区车辆容纳能力足够充分,将寻求合理的取送顺序、取送时机和取送批次数问题作为一个整体系统,对非直达车流和混合车流的取送车问题分别建立数学模型。根据模型的特点设计解的表达方法,提出模型解的模块化构造方法。通过对模型求解可得到具有适应性的取送车作业方式,克服了固定作业方式的缺陷。(3
)对装卸区呈树枝形布置的取送车问题进行研究。对多趟列车相继到达车站时非直达车流和混合车流的取送车问题分别建立数学模型,根据模型的特点设计解的表示方法,提出模型解的模块化构造方法。模型及其解的构造方法可根据问题的具体情况自适应地选择各种合理的取送车作业组织方式,通过对模型求解可得到合理的取送顺序、取送时机和取送批次数。
(4
)基于装卸区呈放射形布置和树枝形布置的取送车问题的研究成果,对适用于各种装卸区布置形式、各种形式的到发车流,将寻求合理的取送顺序、取送时机和取送批次数作为一个整体系统,建立取送车问题的一般模型。并将取送车问题明确为具有2个优化维度的组合优化问题。针对求解取送车问题时计算成本过高的问题,通过对问题的客观约束条件和生产实践中所总结出的一些经验原则进行提炼、规范,提出一套完整的取送车方案生成方法。利用该方法可将问题解的搜索空间规模从
2n-1
n
!压缩至n!,从而有效提高问题的求解效率。从集合论的角度出发,论述取送车批次划分方法的
理论依据。对装卸区呈放射形布置、树枝形布置和混合形布置的取送车问题分别设计1个基准算例,并给出它们到目前为止已知的最优仿真结果。(5
)为了提高寻优算法对各种具体问题的适应能力,提出一种具有参数自适应能力的混合算法。该算法将蚁群算法和遗传算法作为它的2个平行策略,利用云关联规则、灰色预测以及算法迭代过程中所反馈的信息,自适应地控制有关算法参数,有效减少算法对参数初始设置的依赖。同时,根据取送车系统自身特征,提出时间期望启发式信息和一种新型变异算子。前者作为可视化因子用于节点选择的状态转移概率公式,改善算法的收敛效率;后者则是针对不满足交货时间窗约束的解而设计的变换,它可使该类非可行解向有利方向变换,显著减少算法系统的冗余计算,提高算法的寻优效率。
Study on Optimization Theory and Method of the Wagon’sTakeout and Delivery Scheduling System in Railway Station
(Abstract of the Ph.D.Dissertation)
MU Feng1,2,WANG Ciguang2(Doctor Supervisor)
(1.School of Transportation and Automotive Engineering,Xihua University,Chengdu Sichuan 610039,China;2.School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu Sichuan 610031,China)
The wagon’s takeout and delivery scheduling sys-tem in railway freight station(WTDSS)is a sub-system of railway station scheduling system,andits operation efficiency has a close bearing on theon-schedule rate of departure trains,wagon turn-around time and many other transportation produc-tion indexes.Based on the system optimizationtheory and methodology,the combinatorial mathe-matics theory,the set theory as well as sometransportation production experiences,this disser-tation analyzes the elements,structure,environ-ment and characteristics of the wagon’s takeoutand delivery scheduling system and studies model-ing method,the construction method of model so-lution,optimization algorithm and heuristic meth-ods for improving optimization efficiency of thewagon’s delivery and takeout problem.The appli-cability of the research results has been validatedby example.The main research contents and con-clusions are as follows.
(1)The operation objects,the loading-unloadinglocations and their layout forms,all kinds of take-out and delivery operations and their component el-ements,the operation organization modes are sys-tematically analyzed in details.The WTDSS func-tional factors,environment and characteristics arecomprehensively analyzed.The relevant conceptsare clearly defined.
(2)The wagon’s delivery and takeout problem(WTDP)whose loading-unloading locations showradial layout(R-WTDP)is studied.Under the as-sumption that the locomotive haulage capacity andthe wagon acceptance capacity of each loading-un-loading location are both unlimited,the idealmathematical models for the non-through and theunfixed form wagon flow are respectively estab-lished based on the fact that the sequence,momentand batch number problems of takeout and deliveryoperations during aperiod of time are a whole sys-tem.According to features of the models,expres-sion method of the solution is designed,and modu-lar implementation method for the models is pro-posed to construct solution and to calculate the val-ue of solution.The scheduling schemes obtainedby the models and their implementation methodhave various adaptive operation organizationmodes,and therefore overcome the shortcomingscaused by using the fixed organization modes.(3)The WTDP whose loading-unloading locationsshow tree-shape layout(T-WTDP)is studied.Two mathematical models are respectively built forthe non-through and the unfixed form wagon flowin the case of several trains successively arrived inthe railway station.The solution expression andthe modular implementation method for models arepresented according to the characteristics of themodels.Through the models and their implemen-tation method,the reasonable operation schemescan be found which not only include the reasonablesequences,moment and batch number of takeoutand delivery operations in planning stage but alsohave the adaptive operation organization modes.(4)Based on the research results about the R-WT-DP and the T-WTDP,the generic model(G-WT-DP)is built for the sequence,moment and batchnumber problems of takeout and delivery opera-tions during aperiod of time,which applies to dif-ferent loading-unloading location layouts,all kindsof arrival or departure wagon flows.And then theWTDP is clearly defined as a combinatorial prob-
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1中 国 铁 道 科 学 第33卷