chapter4口译研究中范式
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Chapter 4 paradigms
范 式
朱丽平 韩冰
outline
4.1 The notion of 'paradigm' 4.2 Torging a paradigm (概念) (初创)
4.3 Experimenting with interpreting (实验范式) 4.4 Aspiring to science 4.5 Broading the view 4.6 Focusing on interaction 4.7 Unity in diversity (对科学范式的追求) (视野拓展) (互动范式) (多元统一)
4.3 Experiementing with interpreting
（实验范式）
four different input conditions
• Barik
巴里克
six subjects error classification scheme: his own judgement material: spontaneous,semi-prepared speeches,an article input material: prose passages subjective wordbased accuracy scores variables complex issues experimental designs interpreters
Russian and Swedish immigration research
DI a broader scale
• Wadensjo
context and interactivity in face to face communication
4.7 Unity in Diversity (多元统一)
Meme
Making sense
Cognitive information processing
Cognitive information processing
Making sense+text production+ mediation
Discourse production+ mediation
Laura Gran
（罗拉-格兰）
(SSLMIT)
Valeria Daro
(瓦勒利亚-达洛)
•Vienna and Turku
Kurz
EEG
Hellmuth Petsche
(neurophysiologist)
NL paradigm different patterns of cerebral activation （神经语言学研究范式） PET Jorma Tommola neurolinguistictranslating brain the paradigm
• Gerver
格尔瓦
material: Courier, Le Petit Prince
• Oleron and Nanpon
奥雷洪，南彭
Leabharlann Baidu
form: paragraphs, sentences,words
Ecological validity （生态效度）
• Colin Robson ："psycho-statistical paradigm"
4.4.2 Interdisciplinarity (跨学科性)
measurability
Franco Crevatin
(弗兰科-克里瓦汀) (Trieste Symposium)
personal experience , intuition true science IT paradigm(释意理论研究范式) on interpreters with interpreters by interpreters
Summary Table of Paradigms in Interpreting Studies
IT Supermeme communicative activity+proces s(ing) NL process (ing) CP Process (ing) TT translation DI Communicati ve activity
• （2）the main paradigms of interpreting studies are variously interrelated and largely complement rather than compete with one another
Cluster of Paradigms in Interpreting Studies
practisearcher (实践研究派) division of labour reserchers in cognitive sciences (认知科学研究派) "Effort model" (认知负荷模型)
Liberal arts community
• Moser-Mercer
Natural science community processing skills 口译处理技巧研究
religion science interpreting cognition law ( Thomas Kuhn ) principle 托马斯 库恩
the system of science
basic assuptions
paradigm
models values reserch method
• Shlesinger • Schjoldager
4.6 Focusing on interaction(互动范式)
• 1980s international conference interpreting
• •
paradigm---(对话式话语互动研究范式) Dennis Cokely dialogic discourse-based sign language in US interaction paradigm Cynthia B. Roy
4.2
Forging a paradigm (初创)
• Small and heterogeneous • Interpretive theoryIT translation of paradigm
Danica Seleskovitch 塞莱斯科维奇
（释意范式）
making sence
----- Bootstrap scentific experimentation = IT paradigm ≠ paradigm 释意研究范式
experimental study
message loss
methodological issues (方法论) • Stenzl descriptive studies (描述性研究)
easily 'translatable' items
Seleskovitch
• Gile 'mental energy'
• 1994 • 1995 Turku Conference Kent Psychology Forum Interpreting
cognitive processes in translation and interpreting • 1997/2001 Ascona Workshops • 1997 International Symposium on Language Processing and Interpreting
• CP paradigm
认知处理研究范式 language and cognition paradigm cases partially connected with science
• Interdisciplinary
跨学科性 modest means
new breed
• Mackintosh
4.5 Broadening the View(研究视野的扩展)
• • • • • • • 1980s situational and socio-cultural context(情景和社会文化语境) Hans Vermeer Skopos theory (目的论) Kade 1960s Seleskovitch target orientation TTVermeer paradigm ---Hella Kirchhoff Heidemarie Salevsky (翻译理论研究范式) Pochhacker target-text-oriented center on 1980s Descriptive Translation Studies--------------translation norms translation-theoretical approach (翻译规范) the role of translational norms apply to empirical research (实证研究)
Influential Model/ Theorist Leading members
Interpretive theory
Hemispheric Skills specializatio models n effort model Fabbro Tommola MoserMercer, Gile,
科林 罗伯森 心理-统计研究范式
4.4 Aspiring to science (对科学范式的追求)
4.4.1 scentific standards
Mackintosh(麦金托什) Stenzl (斯坦泽尔) Gile (吉尔) Stringent
standards Moser-Mercer （严格标准） (莫瑟-梅瑟)
（自创范式）
• Venice Symposium
(威尼斯研讨会)
三角模型 （释意模型）
巴黎释意学派 “脱离源语语言外壳”假说
会议口译办学模式 sense
inter-
preting
L1
.......................................................... L2 Transcoding
• （1）there are several conceptually and methodologically distinct research traditions in interpreting studies to which one may attribute paradigm status
4.1 The notion of 'paradigm'（概念）
• definition (定义) 定义)
• paradigm shifts （转变） 转变）
• new concept and method
• coexistence
共存） （共存）
• multi-dimensional context
Present neuro approach as a research model sui generis (神经学) in contrast to the “cognitive- behavioral approach “
Interdisciplinarity ‘s Reflection in Socio-academic Events
Profession and Training
IT
Cognitive, Social and Linguistic Sciences
口译研究范式簇状图
S.Tommola Shlesinger Lambert S. Lambert Kurz 职业 与 培训 释意 研究 范式 Tommola 认知学， 社会学和 语言学 Pochhacker Kurz Shlesinger Pochhacker
•S. Lambert
（兰波特）
Neurolinguistic Approach 神经语言学研究路径
•Franco Fabbro
(弗兰科-法布洛) (neurophysiologist) neurolinguistic approach hypothesis cerebral lateralization (大脑侧化) training purpose NA to a broader speech-related topics
范 式
朱丽平 韩冰
outline
4.1 The notion of 'paradigm' 4.2 Torging a paradigm (概念) (初创)
4.3 Experimenting with interpreting (实验范式) 4.4 Aspiring to science 4.5 Broading the view 4.6 Focusing on interaction 4.7 Unity in diversity (对科学范式的追求) (视野拓展) (互动范式) (多元统一)
4.3 Experiementing with interpreting
（实验范式）
four different input conditions
• Barik
巴里克
six subjects error classification scheme: his own judgement material: spontaneous,semi-prepared speeches,an article input material: prose passages subjective wordbased accuracy scores variables complex issues experimental designs interpreters
Russian and Swedish immigration research
DI a broader scale
• Wadensjo
context and interactivity in face to face communication
4.7 Unity in Diversity (多元统一)
Meme
Making sense
Cognitive information processing
Cognitive information processing
Making sense+text production+ mediation
Discourse production+ mediation
Laura Gran
（罗拉-格兰）
(SSLMIT)
Valeria Daro
(瓦勒利亚-达洛)
•Vienna and Turku
Kurz
EEG
Hellmuth Petsche
(neurophysiologist)
NL paradigm different patterns of cerebral activation （神经语言学研究范式） PET Jorma Tommola neurolinguistictranslating brain the paradigm
• Gerver
格尔瓦
material: Courier, Le Petit Prince
• Oleron and Nanpon
奥雷洪，南彭
Leabharlann Baidu
form: paragraphs, sentences,words
Ecological validity （生态效度）
• Colin Robson ："psycho-statistical paradigm"
4.4.2 Interdisciplinarity (跨学科性)
measurability
Franco Crevatin
(弗兰科-克里瓦汀) (Trieste Symposium)
personal experience , intuition true science IT paradigm(释意理论研究范式) on interpreters with interpreters by interpreters
Summary Table of Paradigms in Interpreting Studies
IT Supermeme communicative activity+proces s(ing) NL process (ing) CP Process (ing) TT translation DI Communicati ve activity
• （2）the main paradigms of interpreting studies are variously interrelated and largely complement rather than compete with one another
Cluster of Paradigms in Interpreting Studies
practisearcher (实践研究派) division of labour reserchers in cognitive sciences (认知科学研究派) "Effort model" (认知负荷模型)
Liberal arts community
• Moser-Mercer
Natural science community processing skills 口译处理技巧研究
religion science interpreting cognition law ( Thomas Kuhn ) principle 托马斯 库恩
the system of science
basic assuptions
paradigm
models values reserch method
• Shlesinger • Schjoldager
4.6 Focusing on interaction(互动范式)
• 1980s international conference interpreting
• •
paradigm---(对话式话语互动研究范式) Dennis Cokely dialogic discourse-based sign language in US interaction paradigm Cynthia B. Roy
4.2
Forging a paradigm (初创)
• Small and heterogeneous • Interpretive theoryIT translation of paradigm
Danica Seleskovitch 塞莱斯科维奇
（释意范式）
making sence
----- Bootstrap scentific experimentation = IT paradigm ≠ paradigm 释意研究范式
experimental study
message loss
methodological issues (方法论) • Stenzl descriptive studies (描述性研究)
easily 'translatable' items
Seleskovitch
• Gile 'mental energy'
• 1994 • 1995 Turku Conference Kent Psychology Forum Interpreting
cognitive processes in translation and interpreting • 1997/2001 Ascona Workshops • 1997 International Symposium on Language Processing and Interpreting
• CP paradigm
认知处理研究范式 language and cognition paradigm cases partially connected with science
• Interdisciplinary
跨学科性 modest means
new breed
• Mackintosh
4.5 Broadening the View(研究视野的扩展)
• • • • • • • 1980s situational and socio-cultural context(情景和社会文化语境) Hans Vermeer Skopos theory (目的论) Kade 1960s Seleskovitch target orientation TTVermeer paradigm ---Hella Kirchhoff Heidemarie Salevsky (翻译理论研究范式) Pochhacker target-text-oriented center on 1980s Descriptive Translation Studies--------------translation norms translation-theoretical approach (翻译规范) the role of translational norms apply to empirical research (实证研究)
Influential Model/ Theorist Leading members
Interpretive theory
Hemispheric Skills specializatio models n effort model Fabbro Tommola MoserMercer, Gile,
科林 罗伯森 心理-统计研究范式
4.4 Aspiring to science (对科学范式的追求)
4.4.1 scentific standards
Mackintosh(麦金托什) Stenzl (斯坦泽尔) Gile (吉尔) Stringent
standards Moser-Mercer （严格标准） (莫瑟-梅瑟)
（自创范式）
• Venice Symposium
(威尼斯研讨会)
三角模型 （释意模型）
巴黎释意学派 “脱离源语语言外壳”假说
会议口译办学模式 sense
inter-
preting
L1
.......................................................... L2 Transcoding
• （1）there are several conceptually and methodologically distinct research traditions in interpreting studies to which one may attribute paradigm status
4.1 The notion of 'paradigm'（概念）
• definition (定义) 定义)
• paradigm shifts （转变） 转变）
• new concept and method
• coexistence
共存） （共存）
• multi-dimensional context
Present neuro approach as a research model sui generis (神经学) in contrast to the “cognitive- behavioral approach “
Interdisciplinarity ‘s Reflection in Socio-academic Events
Profession and Training
IT
Cognitive, Social and Linguistic Sciences
口译研究范式簇状图
S.Tommola Shlesinger Lambert S. Lambert Kurz 职业 与 培训 释意 研究 范式 Tommola 认知学， 社会学和 语言学 Pochhacker Kurz Shlesinger Pochhacker
•S. Lambert
（兰波特）
Neurolinguistic Approach 神经语言学研究路径
•Franco Fabbro
(弗兰科-法布洛) (neurophysiologist) neurolinguistic approach hypothesis cerebral lateralization (大脑侧化) training purpose NA to a broader speech-related topics