中考英语语法温习-八大时态

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英语八大时态:

01

一般现在时

标志:动词原形

1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用:She often speaks English.

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等:

He seems to feel a bit down today.

He works as a driver.

3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中:

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

Columbus proved that the earth is round.

Where there is a will, there is a way.

4. 表示现在瞬间的动作:

Here comes the bus!

5. 表示将来

1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如:

The next t rain leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.

How often does the shuttle bus run?

2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情:When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.

I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy.

02

一般过去时

标志:动词过去式

*闭音节:元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。

1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …, in the past等)。如:

Jim rang you just now.

Liu Ying was in America last year.

2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如:

When I was a kid, I often played football in the street.

She used to visit her mother once a week.

*注意区分sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词)。

3. 代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等)及情态动词could, would。如:

I wondered if you could have a word with me.

I hoped you could help me with my English.

Would you mind my sitting here?

4. 虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有:

It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”

would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”

03

一般将来时

标志:will / shall + 动词原形

1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:

We shall have a lot of rain next month.

My husband will come back in a few days.

2. 表示倾向性和习惯性:

Fish will die without water.

When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.

3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:

1) will / shall + 动词原形

多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)

*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称

2) be going to + 动词原形

表示即将发生或打算要做的事:

It is going to rain.

We are going to have a meeting today.

3) be to + 动词原形

表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:

He is to visit Japan next year.

We are to discuss the report on Monday.

4) be about to + 动词原形

表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:

The plane is about to start.

Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.

04

现在进行时

标志:be + 动词的现在分词

1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作:

She is writing a letter upstairs.

Who are you waiting for?

It is raining hard.

2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):

I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.

3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:

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