英国详细地图 英文版
英国地理介绍英文
英国地理介绍英文Geography of the United KingdomIntroductionThe United Kingdom (UK) is a diverse and fascinating country located off the north-western coast of mainland Europe. With its rich history, stunning landscapes, and vibrant cities, the UK offers a unique blend of tradition and modernity. In this article, we will explore the geography of the UK, including its physical features, climate, and major cities.Physical FeaturesThe geography of the UK is characterized by its varied topography and diverse landforms. The country consists of four distinct regions: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. England, located in the southeast, is the largest and most populous region. It is known for its rolling hills, expansive plains, and picturesque coastline.Scotland, to the north, is marked by its majestic highlands and rugged landscapes. The Scottish Highlands are famous for their breathtaking mountains, deep glens, and pristine lochs. This region offers unparalleled opportunities for hiking, mountaineering, and wildlife spotting.Wales, located to the west, is renowned for its stunning coastline and mountainous terrain. The country is home to Snowdonia National Park, which boasts the highest peak in Wales, Mount Snowdon. The park attracts thousands of outdoor enthusiasts every year, who come to explore its vast network of hiking trails and enjoy its breathtaking landscapes.Northern Ireland, situated on the island of Ireland, is known for its dramatic coastline, lush green hills, and vibrant cities. The Giant's Causeway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a must-visit destination in Northern Ireland. This natural wonder features a series of interlocking basalt columns and offers a glimpse into the country's geological past.ClimateThe climate in the UK is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. As a result, the weather is often changeable and unpredictable. Generally, the UK experiences mild temperatures, with cool summers and mild winters.In England, the south and southeast regions tend to be warmer and drier compared to the rest of the country. Scotland, on the other hand, has a cooler and wetter climate, particularly in the highland areas. Wales and Northern Ireland have similar climatic conditions to that of England, with mild temperatures and moderate rainfall.Major CitiesThe UK is home to several vibrant and culturally significant cities. London, the capital and largest city of the UK, is a global metropolis known for its iconic landmarks, including the Tower of London, Buckingham Palace, and the Houses of Parliament. It is a hub of finance, culture, and entertainment, attracting millions of visitors each year.Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is renowned for its stunning architecture and historical significance. The city's medieval Old Town and elegant Georgian New Town are both UNESCO World Heritage Sites.Every August, Edinburgh hosts the famous Edinburgh Festival, a celebration of arts and culture.Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a thriving city with a rich history and a vibrant cultural scene. The city boasts numerous castles and museums, including Cardiff Castle and the National Museum Cardiff. Cardiff is also renowned for its sporting events, particularly rugby matches at the Principality Stadium.Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland, is a city that has undergone significant transformation in recent decades. It is now a vibrant and cosmopolitan destination, offering visitors a blend of historical landmarks, such as the Belfast City Hall, and modern attractions, such as the Titanic Belfast museum.ConclusionThe geography of the United Kingdom is incredibly diverse, offering a wide range of landscapes, climates, and cultural experiences. Whether you are exploring the rolling hills of England, hiking in the Scottish Highlands, or immersing yourself in the vibrant cities, the UK has something to offer everyone. From its rich history to its stunning natural beauty, the UK is a country that continues to captivate visitors from around the world.。
英美概况英国地理PPT课件
Chapter 1 General Introduction to Physiographical Features of the UK
• The Locations of the UK • The Physiographical Features of the UK • Rivers and Mountains • Climate and weather • Population • The Major Cities • Exercises and Answers
-80% of population living in cities -only 2% working in agriculture • Physically largest with largest population • Dominance in: size/ culture/ economy -take England for UK
Lake District
▪ a scenic spotin North West
England
▪ A popular holiday destination ▪ being famous for its lakes and
its mountains
▪ its associations with the early
England, Wales Scotland
The complicated full name of the
The United
UK
Kingdom of Great
Britain and
Northern Ireland
Four parts: •England •Scotland •Wales •Northern Ireland
英国国家概况 英语版
English【England synthesizes introduced】England's full title is "Great Britain and the Northern Ireland united kingdom" by approaches northeast the Europe continent the seacoast British archipelago majority of islands to be composed. She separates North Sea, Straits of Dover and the English Channel faces one another with the Europe continent is an island country. according to the history, the geography and the national character divides into England, Scotland, Wales, the Northern Ireland four parts, English people account for the total population 80%.England is the modern times Industrial Revolution place of origin, the official name "the united kingdom，t he national area altogether 244,000 square kilometers, the population nearly 59 million, the inhabitant multi- letters Christianity protestantism, the Northern Ireland area partial inhabitants believe Catholicism some Englishes also believe in the Islamism, Buddhism, Hinduism, the race, the Judaism and so on. The entire boundary by approaches northeast the Europe continent the seacoast British archipelago majority of islands to be composed, separates North Sea, Straits of Dover and the English Channel faces one another with the Europe continent is an island country. Coastline total length 11,000 kilometers. The east side British island is in the archipelago the biggest islands, also is the English most main national territory. It by the north Scotland, south and the middle England and the north-west Welsh three areas is composed.【British flag 】comprehensive the original England (white-floored red flag), Scotland is cross to the whitecross cross (blue flag) and Ireland (Red Cross cross white-floored flags of the flag) symbol. Now the red Flag is white cross on behalf of England patron saint st. George, the white cross cross for Scotland, the red guard sacred Andrew cross cross representative Irish patron saint st. Patrick British Flag, commonly known as the "MiZiQi", the official name is the Union Flag ，and often called" the Union Jack ". Jack is navy terms, refers to the flag hanging in prows. Union Flag is meaning "joint flags". British flag represent England patron saint of cross st. George's, Scotland guard sacred Andrew and Irish patron saint st. Patrick.【British national anthem 】British national anthem produced in the 1740s, formerly known as the fortune favors the king "in 1837 queen Victoria to 1901 days and 1952 Elizabeth ii was renamed as" fortune favors the queen, "after praise king of England, it is the songs.【British population 】Britain is the typical gentleman lady of the township life conservative and speak tradition, but also respect personal freedom and thought the nation. Tolerance Britain's population 6020 million (about in June 2005), including England, Scotland 5040 million population da da 510 million to 300 million, wales, Northern Ireland 170 million. 80% of the population in the city, London's population 1/5 of China's population. Both official and language is English. Wales, northern still use welsh Scottish highlands and Northern Ireland northwest parts still use the Gaelic language. Residents, main points, protestant Christian church of England (also called anglicans, its members accounted for about 60 percent of British adults) and the church of Scotland (also called Presbyterian, have adult christians 66 million).British population statistics office data showed that Britain has nearly distance 1158million elderly, they were older than 65 of men and women over the age of 60. In contrast, the age of less than 16 1152 million, the old man is more than teenagers. The first number The statistics office also says that Britain has already been fully into aging society. In the past 30 years, England, more than 80 years of age population has tripled, just 2.7 million twice 30 years ago. As medical condition gets great improvement, 80 years old man became Britain's fastest-growing bracket, and the growth rate in future time will also continue to accelerate. And because the population average rising life expectancy, British annual death toll is also on the decline.【language and religion 】t he official language is English. Wales, northern Scottish highlands in wales and Northern Ireland still northwest part is still use the Gaelic language. Religious mainly protestant Christian church of England (also known as Anglican, its members about 60% of British adults) and the church of Scotland (also called Presbyterian). Otherwise the Catholic church and buddhist, Hindu, j ewish and Muslim big religious organizations.【climate 】British pop level control, mild in the wet, the four seasons is changing. Temperate deciduous broadleaved forest belt. Usually the highest temperature not more than 32 ℃, the lowest temperature not below - 10 ℃, the annual average temperature in the January 4 ~ 7 ℃ ~ 17 ℃, July 13th. The average annual rainfall of about 1000 mm. Northern and western mountainous area rainfall 2000 millimeters, central and east less than 800 mm. From February to March 10 months to most dry, wet year. Most January【resources and traffic 】British major mineral resources are coal, iron, oil and gas. YingMei reserves total 17 million tons. About 38 million tons of iron reserves. Cornwall peninsula southwest a tank. In Cheshire and da pull mu containing large rock salt. Stafford county has high quality clay. Cornwall produces and white clay. Rush ning mountain slope peninsula dolostone can be mined. Lancashire nearby hill southwest xerox ShiYingDa force field. North sea oil reserves in England nearly 10 ~ 40 tons of continental shelf in between. Natural gas reserves in 25,850 about 86-hundred ~ about billion cubic meters.British transport infrastructure is complete. Highway, railway, waterway, air transport are more developed. London has very subway nets. In 1994 the channel tunnel breakthrough, and mainland Europe, England are connected railway system. T he private enterprise as the main body of the economy, accounting for 60% of GDP. Service industry is the mainstay industry, British economy of GDP three-fourths. Under the influence of the global financial crisis, the British banking steelmakers, economic situation grim. In addition, the energy industry in the UK economy, occupies an important position in recent years the UK government emphasize to improve energy efficiency and renewable energy, founded the construction "a low carbon economy" goal.【political 】Britain is in the European, in 25 years, maintain and develop the relationship between the eu and China, it always and enthusiastic supporters. Britain in the Chinese biggest eu countries investors. Britain's constitution is different from most of the country's constitution, not a separate document, it is the common law, practice by statute, composed. Mainly magna carta (1215), personal protection act (1679 years), the bill of rights (1689 years), the parliament method (1911 and 1949) and former modified the electoral law, the city autonomy, countycouncil method and so on. Regime for constitutional monarchy. Parliament is the highest legislative and judicial authority, jun, up, or down) and (651 civilians. The senate members include royal descent, hereditary noble, lifelong noble, appeal court judges and church bishop and bishop. In November 1999, the senate reform bill passed, in addition to stay outside, 92 people lost more than 600 hereditary noble lords of the qualification, and not a political appointed Lord will special royal commission recommended. The house of Commons also called civilian courts, senators by universal suffrage, adopt the most votes elected district elected system, small for a term of five years. But the government may decide that early elections. The government implement cabinet system by queen appointment in won a majority in parliamentary elections the party leader and prime minister responsible for his appointment to the parliament. The government implemented the cabinet system by its designated seats. In parliamentary majority leader is responsible to parliament for the prime minister and his appointment.British energy resources are rich in european countries, in the first place, not only has a great deal of oil and gas resources, and coal reserves also is very rich. Steel and aluminum also have certain reserves. Coastal fisheries resources abundant.【Britain's economic 】Britain's GDP in western countries in the sixth, behind the United States, Japan, Germany, France and Italy. The private enterprise is the subject of the UK economy, accounting for 82% of GDP and of total employment 79%. Britain is the beginning of the capitalist countries industrialization process. T he first time the industrial revolution; first occurs in Britain 1850, industrial output in the world in the UK, 39 percent in world trade, all 21 percent in themonopoly position; The first world war, Britain's economic strength suffered a serious blow, British possession of 250 years lost; seas After the second world war, Britain's economic power have been badly weakened, colonial market further narrowing; In the late 1960's pushing the high taxes, welfare and nationalization policy that the UK economy is in extreme difficult; However, the British of industrial development history longer have relatively complete national economic system and industrial system, so there is still the world's countries with strong economic strength; In 1973, Britain joining the European economic community, changed its dependence on commonwealth and developing countries to strengthen the rule of the trading relations with European countries; By Margaretthatcher in 1979, when the conservative government headed over "English disease" began, the measures are: emphasis on economic role play market, reduce state intervention, retrench and lower taxes, rectify welfare, adjust the foreign exchange control, industrial, cancel its privatization and monetarist policies and as a result, the UK economy had apparent recovery; In recent years, its services in the proportion of GDP is continuously increasing, and have accounted for, and industrial proportion is taking up 71.1 percent reduced gradually, and accounted for only 27.1%; English is the world's third largest foreign investor, the main creditor's rights, British or one of the world's largest invisible trade one of import and export countries.British industrial base is a steel manufacturing, heavy industry, cotton, coal mine, shipbuilding. Manufacturing the current is still an important part of British industry; Industrial steel products are mainly, aerospace, chemical industry, plastic products, textile, shoes, clothing and electronic instrument industry, motor vehicles and transport equipment, energy supply, etc.; In addition, pharmaceutical, electronic (including computer), aviation technology and otherfields have a prominent development; Moreover, the foreign investment enterprises in English has become an important part of its economy.Britain's service industry in the national economy has important position, the merchandise wholesale, retail, the hotel industry is very flourishing, finance, insurance, more as a world leader; Its services output value accounts for about 65% of GDP, number of employees accounted for 75% of the total employment, and industrial production department has the close relation.British agriculture accounts for the national total population 2.1%, the production of labor agricultural products can satisfy the national food demand 70%, agricultural output value of gross domestic product 1.5%; Britain is cattle, food, agricultural chemical, agricultural machinery, the main exporters 77 percent of land used for farming, the main crops have wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, oil, beet, etc.; Main fruits and vegetables have mushroom, carrots, celery class, apple, strawberry, wood blackberry and greenhouse cultivation of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, etc.; The animal husbandry developed, animal by-products more. Wool, cowhide, milk products are high quality, animal husbandry products processing industry such as wool, dairy products processing and leather processing etc are also relatively developed. Fisheries can meet its needs 60, main fry has Die, cod, cod, halibut, black by silver carps and the herring, etc.; Britain 237.95 million hectares of forest area, the forest coverage rate of 10%.【culture education 】education system Britain imposed 284 obligations. 1998/1999 education funds of GDP in the fiscal year 4.9%. Public school students were free tuition. Private school teachers' conditionsand teaching equipment are better, but fees are high, the student more for a millionaire. Britain is higher education in the world the most developed countries, have the world's top higher education levels, higher education system is the birthplace of modern civilization. Britain is the world's oldest university, also have a large number of the world's top universities, for the UK and world nurtured many outstanding scientists and statesman and so on . The famous British university, Oxford University, university of Cambridge, university college London imperial college, Sheffield university, university of Edinburgh, Birmingham university, London political and economic institute, the university of Manchester in England, Newcastle university and the university of Nottingham and so on .B ritish education generally divided into five stages. The first stage is the age in 3-5 years education; the kindergarten The second stage is t he primary school aged 5-11 education; The third stage 11 -- 16 of middle school education. 5 years old - 16 obligations of the provisions of the education law stage. School-age children must by the state is responsible for entrance fees, books and necessary supplies. 16 to 18 years old or above (or college prep school class), for secondary school university transition; Fourth order 5 years; The fifth stage for 16 years later continue to education. Including youth and adult education normal university vocational don't count, the way a part-time,]] 3.5 and spare time. In local length of schooling, departments, and each major is not the same.【British celebrity 】Cromwell, Shakespeare Churchill, Newton, Montgomery, Elizabeth I, Halley watt, hawking, Margaret thatcher and so on.【festival 】Britain has many traditional festival holiday Britain and activities. Statistics, British annual festival with milky local 106.Its main festivals are: 1. All the Year 's / (New Year's Day), jan. 1 Year celebrated the New Year begin. People hold all kinds of New Year party in the New Year, the queen remarks, various church ShouSui week do on New Year's eve.2. St. Valentine 's / (saint Valentine's Day each year on February 14), is the third century martyrdom saints shengwalunding anniversary. The lovers in this day exchanging gifts, therefore calls "valentine's day".3. St. And 's / (St. Patrick's Day), every March 17th, is the patron saint of the memorial Ireland St Patrick's holiday.4. Make an appointment (Holy Saturday) press, the Easter day is.5. Easter (Easter), generally in the first year after the vernal equinox on Sunday, about the March 21 or so. This section is the celebration of Christ Jesus the resurrection of Christ) (, at the feast people to eat more Easter Eggs (Easter Eggs).6. For the Easter Sunday, is the second day of the Easter).7. Good Friday(Christ before Easter black), on Friday, the church held a ceremony commemorating Christ crucified. In Britain this day is public, people eat traditional hot cross buns cross gao (hot).8. ShengTianJie Ascension Easter (Christ/Easter), is the first 40 days later Thursday, also known as make press.9. The holy ghost is come Pentecost (day), is the first 7 after Easter Sunday, also calledwhite.on that occur.10. Are 's/Day, virgin Mary (each year on March 25, also called Annunciation / (tian times details).11，April 11. Throw a 's/year (April Fool's Day), April 1, this quarter YuQingZhu Venal come from equinox in April 1 April Fool called by prank April wise). (12. Away 's Birthday (the Queen birthdays), every year April 21, this day is celebrate the Queen's Birthday.13. Shakespeare 's / (Shakespeare anniversary), every year April 23, this section is the celebration of Shakespeare's birthday.14. May each year, WuYueJie) / (on May 1, this Day is to meet the spring festivals.15. Commonwealth anniversary, each year (on May 1, the holiday from YuQingZhu queen Victoria's birthday.16. Away 's Birthday(could), the British Queen legal birthdays on June 10 or previous Saturday off, to replace the April 21st the Queen's Birthday.17. Halloween (Halloween), every October 31, the children masqueraded as a ghost heartily laugh and play and scare others.18. (Christmas), Christmas/each December 25, christians celebrate the Day of the birth of Christ, is the UK's largest festival. Christmas people not only can often see Santa Santa Claus or it (Christmas), but also can eat to Christmas dinner and Christmas pudding (Christmas Christmas pudding), personally dinner decorate the Christmas tree and enjoy celebrating Christmas eve, etc.【customs 】1, wear the people of Scotland case skirtIn the world of men wearing skirts, the Scottish didn't see is one of them. In 2006, wearing black case skirt, and socks, holding a pipe, bagpipes, this is the pride of Scottish people wear good clothes. Scotland love to wear a beautiful skirt, because of different photos, beautiful cloth, every clan represent different clan for their design a representative clan spirit and blood relations, through the cloth skirt of cases. When the man put on his family, by their fathers' households, also wearing a case the pride of their clansman cloth, responsibility and loyalty.2, folk mannersThe British who give the impression of being and conservative and a sense of humor. Familiar with things, British tend to accept for novelty, or exotic thing always's skeptical. British comparison modest, boasting is without breeding performance. British people very valued a person's sense of humor. Britain's starting point, humor self, their own profits and losses down enemy and their ultimate purpose is to self-mockery, laugh at their own faults, failures and embarrassments his ideal. They don't believe in colorful words and boast words. Englishmen like sports, modern forms of sports were almost all British invention, such as boxing, football, hockey, tennis etc. British food preparation method is simpler, only two: into the oven, or into the pot cooking. Cooking is, won't make what dressing eat in personal interests put some salt, pepper and mustard, such as chilli oil. Britain's specialty is roast beef steak, Fried fish, Fried potatoes3, the etiquetteIn British lady first, is known to standards of behaviour. Into the room a last-in-first-out restaurants are mostly women before, male opened. For women to walk in the street or acrossthe street, the ladies man to walk side by side. The direction of automobile dinner, ladies into the living room, hall, who stood up to show respect, madam, not its as gifts. Summary, usually when you are introduced to a woman, young introduced to an older person. Sit in the sitting room, the party started men should help lady, ladies chair seat. Was invited to British home.purchasing them, if is preparing social gathering, early is rude, because the hostess, haven't completely prepared guests here, would make him feel very embarrassed. Late, late 10 minutes optimal half an hour before it's too late, master, must apologize to you. In the master called also is very impolite. I am good at between the 10:00 to 11 points after leaving 1 hour or eat farewell. If invited to stay for a few days or a weekend, can leave money flower mistress. British people eat custom complex, the mainest is sit straight, eating is not keep talking. If it is a "soup basin should be placed on a plate, coffee spoon on the saucer. Can't put personal use a spoon in soup basin fire coffee cup. Eat not phonate, otherwise, it will be considered not understand rules. When you drink soup side, from inside to outside, cannot use ladle spoonfuls of head, the more cannot carry soup basin drink soup drank all the basin. Every meal usually only the main course, salads and desserts. Not in the table smoking and burps. When drinking coffee cup, coffee keys in a trayBritish streets and lanes are everywhere bar, drinking beer, has become a tradition of London. Some bar more than 100 years of history. British pubs usually adornment antique, carve patterns or designs on woodwork doors and Windows, wear big glass Windows brush stage. The bar has become a cultural in London.4, taboos and customsBritish people queuing habit, jump the queue is a screening nasty behavior. The British arenot like to talk about people's wages and women's age, British women think age is his secret. In Britain the most taboo is shopping, bargaining. The British don't like to bargaining dishonorably things, think this. British toilet not say straight out "to go to the toilet, generally say" please forgive a few minutes "or" I'd like to wash my hands "etc. The children usually say:" I want to go to that place ". Friends and family between the inner, "100", this is the most common parlance. British big dance around 10 at night usually start. Invited guests should master invited beforehand, invited guests. Men and women roughly the same number of people whether to invite in on the invitation to the party with dinner. Clean and tidy, dancing is guest clothing male guest take turns please a female guest, including must hostess and dancing. Attended the party, people can walk, and walk in politeness meet master.【British tourist attractions 】England is a beautiful country, the cultural relic historical site everywhere, the natural scenery beautiful may meal, the traveling resources are rich. Many cities, such as "wancheng" flower of London, "north Athens" Edinburgh, Oxford, Cambridge, the antique york city, hometown Stratford all is has the world's reputation tourist destinations. England also monarch has the lake district and so on several dozens country parks and the scenery protectorate. At present, by the United Nations as a world cultural and natural heritage places of historic interest and natural landscape has 14 place, namely, the tower of London, Westminster palace (parliament), blenheim palace (Oxford nearby), Canterbury cathedral buss city Salisbury suburb of Stonehenge, sites, such as railway gorge (retailer walter Hampton, west), FangTing convent and garden (north), york durham cathedral and the ancient castle, the hadrian's wall (Newcastle), miguel, castle group (within the E-mail area) welsh card, Scotland, Northern Ireland saint Kielreaches islands "giants of the aramaeans road" and the Pacific Ocean XiangDeSen British territory of coral. They racy20, each who its long, it is extremely popular with tourists sightseeing the hotspot.。
The United Kingdom 英国国家概况
The United Kingdom1.英国的全称The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.大不列颠岛的组成England, Scotland & Wales3.什么叫“英联邦”The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as the Commonwealth, is a voluntary association of 53 independent sovereign states, most of which are former British colonies, or dependencies of these colonies (the exceptions being the United Kingdom itself and Mozambique). 4.伦敦的地位London is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.5.有哪些国家入侵过英国？英格兰：Invasion by RomansIn 43 AD, Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire, and England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Invasion by Anglo-SaxonsAs the Roman armies and Roman protection were withdrawn from Britain, and Britain was again divided into small kingdoms, and again it came under threat from Germanic peoples: the Angles, and the Saxon.The Anglo-Saxons succeeded in invading Britain, and either absorb the Celtic people, or pushed them to the western and northern edges of Britain.Invasion by VikingsFrom the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the Vikings, threatened Britain shores.Invasion by NormansIn 1066, England was invaded by the Normans under William of Normandy, from northern France, who were descendants of Vikings.The Battle of Hastings defeated an English army under King Harold, marks the last time that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading.苏格兰：Scotland was not conquered by the Romans, though they did try to, and for a while occupied as far as the edge of the northern highland zone.Nor was most of Scotland conquered by the Anglo-Saxons.British Celts occupied the area around what is now Glasgow.Around the 6th century AD, people from Northern Ireland invaded the south-west. They were called the Scots, and it is they that gave the modern country of Scotland its name.The original Scottish Celts, called the Picts, were left the highland zone.6.1689年通过《权利法案》，议会得到权力7.苏格兰首府Edinburgh，最大的城市Glasgow8.威尔士首府Cardiff，民族英雄LlywelynapGruffudd和Owain Glyndwr9.北爱尔兰贫穷的原因：Economic ProblemsPolitical ProblemsConflicts between Protestants and Roman CatholicsConflicts between Unionists /Royalists and nationalists/Republicans10.北爱尔兰的首府Belfast11.The Giant’s Causeway 被列为世界文化遗产，英国第七大奇迹12.Sinn Fein PartySinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland. The leaders of Sinn Fein prefer union with Ireland by a twin campaign, both military and political which they call the policy of “the Bullet and the Ballot Box”.It believes that without the participation of Sinn Fein the political of Northern Ireland cannot be thoroughly solved.13.IRAThe Irish Republican Army (IRA) was an Irish republican revolutionary military organization descended from the Irish Volunteers.Its aim is to overthrow the British rule in Ireland and unify Northern Ireland with the Southern one, forming an independent Republic of Ireland.14.爱尔兰宗教冲突Conflicts between Protestants and CatholicsThe majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited the British Isles before the Roman Invasion, thus they were ethnically distinct from the majority of British people.In addition, most Irish people were Catholics, while most British people became Protestants.In the 17th century, the English government, trying to increase its control of Ireland, encourages people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to Northern Ireland.These people saw themselves different from the rest of the Irish people, and thought of themselves as British, and wished to remain a part of the British state.The Protestants, being the majority, controlled the local democratically-elected parliament, and used that power to support their own economic and social dominance in the province.The Catholics found it hard to get jobs, or to benefit from social programs. Schools and sporting events were segregated.15.英国皇室起源The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of “the divine right of kings”. It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.16.“君权神授”The sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects.17.大宪章Magana CartaA charter of liberty and political rights is signed by the King John.MaganaCarta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.18.英国的政体（君主立宪制+代议民主制）女王议会内阁●The Queen is the official Head of State.Britain has aconstitutional monarchy where the Queen only rules symbolically.●Parliament represents the people.●Government runs the country and is also elected by the people ;The leader of the Government is the Prime Minister.19.英国宪法的构成20.议会的职能21.君主的职责●Head of the State●Head of the Armed Forces●Head of the Church of England●Her government duties●Meeting Prime Ministers●Visits22.上下议院的职能The House of Lords:“Double check” new laws to make sure they are fair and will work.The House of Commons:Discussing policies and making laws.23.英国大选 5 年举行一次。
TheUnitedKingdom英国介绍详细中英文
The United Kingdom, including Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland "and Northern Ireland, is a member of the European Community 12. Its full name is the United Kingdom.Britain is the British Isles by the majority of islands, of which the largest islands are Great Britain, the second largest island Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. The west coast of Scotland there is a large islands called the Hebrides. Native north-east coast of Scotland Orkney Islands, Shetland Islands, and Samoa. Of these islands with the mainland have administrative relations, but the Irish Sea between Great Britain and the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands between France is largely autonomous and not an integral part of the United Kingdom.The United Kingdom area of approximately 242.5 thousand square kilometers (93600 square miles), from the south coast to Scotland is almost the most northern part of nearly 1,000 kilometers (about 600 miles), nearly horizontal at its widest point about 500 kilometers (about 300 miles)."Britain" the term originated in the Greek and Latin words, which may eventually be traced back to Celtic. Although the use of "Prehistoric" This yardstick to measure, the Celtics went to the British Isles is also a later (and before that had created those civilizations such as the Avebury stone circle Stonehenge construction sites and Such well-known historical monuments), but the history of written records relating to England, after all, about the Celtics from the start. "Celtic" This phrase is very common and regularly used to distinguish the early inhabitants of the British Isles and later the Anglo - Saxon invaders.The Romans ruled from AD 43 onwards lasted 300 years. The Romans in 408 before the final withdrawal of the island were from Northern Europe began to Angles, Saxons and Jutes intrusion, has undergone a period of growing chaos. "England" is the word from the "Angles" came. Over the next two centuries, and gradually became a settler harassment and the establishment of a number of small kingdom. British people in today's Wales and Cornwall Regional Independent survive. These small kingdom there was relatively strong to dominate the country's kingdom, first in the North (Northumbria Kingdom), and then in the central (the Kingdom of Mercia), and finally in the south (Wessex kingdoms). However, from the Scandinavian Vikings then invaded England and settled down, although in the 10th century Wessex dynasty, beat off the invading Danes and for a time to dominate the vast region of England.In 1066 took place on the last successful invasion of England. Duke William of Normandy in the Battle of Hastings defeated the British, the Normans from France and others come here to settle. In the ensuing three centuries, the French became the language of nobility, the legal structure has been the English Channel on the other side of the passage of that set of consequences, and social structure, to some extent been affected.Wales, though often in England within the sphere of influence, but has been a bastion of Boston. However, in the Prince Llewellyn was killed in 1282, after Edward I waged a battle and victory to put England under the rule of Wales. Welsh nationalist sentiment continues to rise, the beginning of the 15th century rebellion led by Owen Gerlind illustrated this point. In 1536 and in 1542 a joint decree to England and Wales in the administrative, political and legal integration into one.Originally lived in Scotland most of Picts. The 6th century, the Scots from Ireland to settle in today's Argyll area. Lothian home to England, while others continue to go north Wales, Britain came to Strathclyde. The 9th century, the various regions of Scotland to unite against Viking. Throughout the Middle Ages, when England's monarchy has always been a powerful threat to Scotland's independence.England and Scotland, the joint that eventually, when the religious differences of the ethnic hatred in the past than the more crucial. In England, Elizabeth I in 1603 by James VI of Scotland (James I of England) to the throne. Even so, England and Scotland in addition to Oliver Cromwell's rule was once forced to bring together, in the 17th century they have been independe nt of each other. To 1707, aware of a closer political and economic union benefits, the two sides agreed to establish a single British Parliament. Scotland retained its own legal system and religious communities. But in George I and George II of Hanover, two Protestants during the reign of the royal family of England and Scotland, the relationship between the nervous and James II, has launched two rebellions revolutionaries to try to restore the Catholic House of Stuart.Ireland before the Christian era there were many of the Kingdom, but Ireland is not immune from a violation of Viking, to the 10th century AD, when, suddenly became a Viking pre-eminence.Henry II of England in 1169 to launch the invasion of Ireland. England Ji Pope Adrian IV, Henry II granted the powers of the supreme ruler, because he was anxious to make Irish church fully compliant Rome. Fell in most parts of Ireland, Anglo - Norman power and privilege in the hands, but in medieval England, almost no direct exercise of jurisdiction in this.Tudor monarchs of several interventions in Ireland tend to be much stronger. In the reign of Elizabeth I, the Irish rebels launched a series of battles. 'Resistance Movement, mainly concentrated in the northern province of Ulster, 1607, due to the failure of the resistance movement as well as leaders of the exodus of Ulster from Scotland and England into areas inhabited by immigrants.As the English Civil War (1642 ~ 1652), Ireland was attacked by a number of uprisings, but have been Cromwell suppressed. 1688 James II was spent dim after the war between England and Ireland is constantly. 18th century, most of them are fragile peace. 18 century, the British Government has made various efforts to seek stability. In 1782, the Irish Parliament (established in the Middle Ages) to obtain legislative autonomy; in the Constitution than withBritain the only major link is to the Royal Government. However, the Parliament represents just a small number of Anglo - Irish privileged class, Catholics were excluded. In 1798 an uprising took place, but without success;in 1801, Ireland and Great Britain combined into one.Although the 1916 uprising in Dublin, the national insurrection was crushed, but in the First World War-stage, a stream known as the Irish Republican Army guerrilla forces began military action against the British authorities. In 1920 the Government of Ireland Act passed to set up two local government councils,one based in Dublin and one in Belfast. The Act was implemented in 1921 in Northern Ireland, Ulster Province, nine counties have six received their own parliament, while still have seats in the British Parliament, and subject to the jurisdiction of the British Parliament the highest. However, the Irish Republican Army continues to fight for the South to win its independence from Britain inthe fight. In June 1921 after the signing of an armistice agreement, accordingto conclude in December the same year, the British - Irish Treaty the Irish Free State was established in 1949, the Free State became the Republic of Ireland.Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, although not belonging to the United Kingdom, but have a special relationship with the United Kingdom. Channel Islands during the 10th century and 11th century part of the Duchy of Normandy. Isle of Man has been nominally in 1266 prior to the exercise of sovereignty by Norway to the 1765 final was governed directly by the Government of the Kingdom. Today, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man have their own legislative bodies and the legal system, where the British Government is responsible for defense and international relations.翻译：英国包括大不列颠(英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰〉和北爱尔兰,是欧洲共同体12个成员国之一。
英国概况英文版PPT课件
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De facto world language
❖ a large number of speakers,a substantial fraction of nonnative speakers . widely taught as a foreign language
❖ Economic and political reason
❖ History reason
❖ Language itself ❖ the linguistic community is not defined along ethnic lines种
族界限 ❖ official status in several countries
❖ cultural influence use in the academic community and significant body of literature
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❖ due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries ,
❖ United Kingdom are the largest colonial powers in modern times, the colony had been all over the world.
英国地理英文版
Chapter 1 General Introduction to cal Features of the UK
• The Locations of the UK • The Physiographical Features of the UK • Rivers and Mountains • Climate and weather • Population • The Major Cities • Exercises and Answers
19th century poetry and writings of William Wordsworth and other poets.
William Wordsworth
a romantic poet appointed poet laureate in 1843 Living in the Lake district after 1797
The Physiographical Features of the UK
• Varied landscape • Flatlands in England • Mountains in Scoltland and Wales
England
England
• A flatland country, also called Lowland zone • Pennines: the backbone of England • Lake district • Highly urbanized
▪ Union Jack
The map of the UK
The location of the UK
• Britain is situated in western Europe and is separated from the European continent by the North Sea, the Strait of Dover and the English Channel.
英国概况英文版PPT课件
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❖ The Nobel Prize in Literature reflects the international reception of a major language's literary production .English is 25.47%. About 95%of Science articles are written in English, Books, magazines, and newspapers written in English are available in many countries around the world.
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❖ English is an official language of the United Nations and many other international organizations, including the International Olympic Committee. UNESCO, World Health Organization.
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De facto world language
❖ a large number of speakers,a substantial fraction of nonnative speakers . widely taught as a foreign language
❖ Economic and political reason
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❖ due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries ,
(完整)小学英语考试用---各国城市名称地理图
国家信息分类Country(国家) National Flag（国旗）Capital（首都）MotherTongue（母语）FavoriteSports(运动)Famous City & Interesting places著名城市及建筑）State（所在洲）America/The USA/The US/ The United States of America/The United States (美国) Washington.D.C 华盛顿English basketball,bowling,boxing,baseball,Americanfootball,Washington. D.C Los Angeles New York Chicago华盛顿洛杉矶纽约芝加哥in the NorthAmerica （北美洲）Britain/UK （英国）London 伦敦English golf, rugby,football(soccer), tennis,ride horseBig Ben 大本钟Tower Bridge 塔桥Europe （欧洲）Canada （加拿大）Ottawa 渥太华EnglishFrenchice sports:skating,skiing,sleddingNiagara Falls 尼亚加拉瀑布in the NorthAmerica （北美洲）Australia （澳大利亚）Canberra 堪培拉EnglishSydney Opera House koala kangaroo Oceania （大洋洲）New Zealand （新西兰）Germany （德国）Berlin 柏林GermanBerlin Europe （欧洲）France （法国）Paris 巴黎FrenchPairs埃菲尔铁塔凯旋门卢浮宫Europe （欧洲）China （中国）Beijing 北京Chinese Table ennis,badminton…. the Summer Palace the Great Wallthe Palace Museum Tian’anmen Square上海东方明珠电视塔Du-jiang-yan the dam四川都江堰兰州山东Mount Tai 泰山广州五羊公园the Yellow River 黄河Asia（亚洲）Mexico（墨西哥）。
英国地理位置英文介绍
The United Kingdom has a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild temperatures, abundant rainfall, and changeable weather conditions. The climate is influenced by the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, which moderates temperature extremes and contributes to the high levels of precipitation. The south of England generally experiences warmer and drier conditions than the north, where the climate is cooler and wetter.
一、Geographic Coordinates
The geographic coordinates of the United Kingdom are approximately 54°N latitude and 2°W longitude. These coordinates place the UK in the northern and eastern hemispheres, with its closest neighbors being Ireland to the west and France to the south. The UK also shares maritime borders with Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, and Denmark.
英语国家概况之英国地理
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe Union Flag - the flag of the United Kingdom (UK)The Union Flag, popularly known as the *Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom. It is the British flag.It is called the Union Flag because it symbolises the administrative union of the countries of the United Kingdom. It is made up up of the individual Flags of three of the Kingdom's countries all united under one Sovereign - the countries of 'England, of 'Scotland'and of 'Northern Ireland' (since 1921 only Northern Ireland has been part of the United Kingdom). As Wales was not a Kingdom but a Principality it could not be included on the flag.St George – EnglandThe National Flag of EnglandIn 1194 A.D., Richard I of England introduced the Cross of St. George, a red cross on a white ground, as the National Flag of England.In 1536, under Henry VIII, an Act of Union was passed making Wales, in effect a province of England.St Andrew – ScotlandThe National Flag of Scotlanda diagonal white cross form (called a saltire) on a blue field After Queen Elizabeth I of England died in 1603, King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became King James I of England. It was a Union of the Crowns, but not yet of the nations. Each country still kept their own parliaments.Early in his reign James attempted to combine England and Scotland in a united kingdom of 'Great Britain'. This was the policy he presented to his first Parliament, called on 22 March 1604. The union was resisted.James defied them. On 20 October 1604 he proclaimed a new title for himself as 'King of Great Britain'.On 12 April 1606, the National Flags of Scotland and England were united for use at sea, thus making the first Union 'Jack'. Ashore however, the oldflags of England and Scotland continued to be used by their respective countries.A royal decree declared that the ships of the Kingdom of Great Britain "shall bear on their maintops the red cross, commonly called St. George's cross, and the white cross, commonly called St. Andrew's cross ."+The first Union Flag (1606)When the red cross of England was put onto the flag of Scotland, a white border was added around the red cross for reasons of heraldry. (The rules of heraldry demanded that two colours must never touch each other.)On 28th July, 1707, during the reign of Queen Anne, this flag was by royal proclamation made the National flag of Great Britain, for use ashore and afloat.The Act of Union of 1707, joined England and Scotland together, creating a single kingdom with a single Parliament called 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'.England Wales and Scotland were now united together under one monarch and one parliament.Northern Ireland - St Patrick(a diagonal red cross on a white background.)On 1 January 1801, Ireland was united with Great Britain and it became necessary to have a new National Flag in which Ireland was represented. The cross St Patrick was combined with the Union Flag of St George and St Andrew, to create the Union Flag that has been flown ever since.+The cross of St. Patrick was inserted so the position given to St. Andrew's Cross in one quarter was the same as that given to the Irish one in the diagonally opposite quarter; in heraldry this is known as "counterchanging"The Union Flag with the St. George's Cross removed showing how the saltires (diagonal crosses) arecounterchanged.The 'new' British flag is not symmetrical because of the counterchange. As Scotland joined the Union nearly two hundred years before Ireland, St Andrew's Cross was placed uppermost in the top quarter nearest the flagstaff, this being the most honourable position according to heraldry, while the Irish Cross was given the second most honourable position, thetop quarter of the fly.In order to avoid having the red of the Irish Cross directly upon the blue field of the Scottish one an edging of the white field of the Irish Cross is used.The symbols of Scotland and Ireland are placed sided by side on the Union Flag.NB. The St. Patrick's Cross remains in the flag even though today only Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom.To summarize...The formation of the Union Flag (Union Jack) came about as the result of the progressive merging of the inhabitants of the British Isles under one throne.1603 - King James VI of Scotland inherited the English throne and became King James I of England.1606 - the National Flags of Scotland and England were united for use at sea, thus making the first Union FlagThe first Union Flag (1606)1707 - during the reign of Queen Anne, the first Union Flag was by royal proclamation made the National flag of Great Britain, for use ashore and afloat.1801 - Ireland was united with Great Britain and the present Union Flag was formed.The Union Flag consists of the three heraldic crosses of St George, St Andrew and St Patrick.God Save the Queen 1God save our gracious Queen,1Long live our noble Queen,God save the Queen:Send her victorious,Happy and glorious,Long to reign over us:God save the Queen.2O Lord, our God, arise,Scatter her enemies,And make them fall.Confound their politics,Frustrate their knavish tricks,On Thee our hopes we fix,God save us all.3Thy choicest gifts in store,On her be pleased to pour;Long may she reign:May she defend our laws,And ever give us causeTo sing with heart and voiceRoyal coat of armsMotto"Dieu et mon droit"[12](French)"God and my right"LocationPopulation- mid-2006 estimate 60,587,300[1] (22nd) - 2001 census 58,789,194[16] GDP (PPP) 2006 estimate- Total $2.375 trillion (6th) - Per capita$35,051 (11th)The Longest Rivers in the UK2River Country Length(miles)(km) 1River Severn Wales and England 220354 2River Thames England215346 3River Trent England185297 4River Aire, Yorkshire England161259 5River Great Ouse, East Anglia England143230/article/sort0349/sort0351/info-20355.html。
英国国家概况(一)(中英文版)
英国国家概况（一）（中英文版）第一章英国的国土与人民第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛-大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
【最新】英国地理
2021/2/2
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Introduction The UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Discussion Exercises
I. Basic information
Chapter I
1. Different Names for Britain
A. Geographical names: Great Britain , England, the British Isles.
B. The official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
C. Sometimes people just call it Britain, the United Kingdom or simply UK.
➢ northern portion of Britain
➢ 1801, the Act of Union
➢ different Scottish legal procedure
➢ Gaelic is spoken in some Highlands.
➢ capital: Edinburgh
3. North Ireland:
St George is white with a red cross.
The white cross on a blue background of St Andrew
The red diagonal cross of St Patrick
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Introduction The UK England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Discussion Exercises
英国各郡(英汉对照)
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)【行政区划】分英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰四部分。
英格兰划分为４３个郡，苏格兰下设２９个区和３个特别管辖区，北爱尔兰下设２６个区，威尔士下设２２个区。
苏格兰、威尔士议会及其行政机构全面负责地方事务，外交、国防、总体经济和货币政策、就业政策以及社会保障等仍由中央政府控制。
1 贝德福德Bedfordshire2 白金汉Buckinghamshire3 剑桥Cambridgeshire4 柴郡Cheshier5 康沃尔Cornwall6 坎布里亚Cumbria7 德比Derbyshire8 德文Devon9 多塞特Dorset10 达勒姆Durham11 东萨塞克斯East Sussex12 埃塞克斯Essex13 格洛斯特Gloucestershire14 大伦敦Greater London15 大曼彻斯特Greater Manchester16 汉普郡Hampshire17 赫里福德Herefordshire18 伍斯特Worcestershire19 赫特福德Hertfordshire20 肯特Kent21 兰开夏Lancashire22 莱斯特Leicetershire23 林肯Lincolnshire24 默西塞德Merseyside25 诺福克Norfolk26 北安普敦Northamptonshire27 诺萨伯兰Northumberland28 北约克郡North Yorkshire29 诺丁汉Nottinghamshire30 牛津Oxfordshire31 施洛普Shropshire32 萨默塞特Somerset33 南约克郡South Yorkshire34 斯塔福德Staffordshire35 萨福克郡Suffolk36 萨里Surrey37 泰恩-威尔Tyne and Wear38 沃里克Warwickshire39 西米德兰兹West Midlands40 西萨塞克斯郡West Sussex41 西约克郡West Yorkshire42 威尔特郡Wiltshire根据1998年建立地区开发署的法案，英格兰含伦敦还被划分为9个地区：伦敦、东部、东南部、西南部、东米德兰、西米德兰、约克与休姆伯、东北、西北与默西塞德苏格兰被划分为32个设有单一地方议会的行政区。