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剑桥雅思阅读5原文翻译及答案（test1）
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READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Johnson’s DictionaryFor the centur y before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’. Like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdray’s tended to concentrate on ‘scholarly’ words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe thevarious worlds to conquer —lexical as well as social and commercial. it is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself and he would do it single-handed. Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holbom Bar on 18 June 1764.He was to be paid ￡1.575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent Gou gh Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop’.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’ with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up. Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an ‘old crazy deal table’ surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation.The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on everysubject, from the Elizabethans to his own time. He did not expect to achieve complete originality. Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis. In fact, it was very much more. Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning. He adopted his definitions on the principle of English common law —according to precedent. After its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775. It was instantly recognised as a landmark throughout Europe. ‘This very noble work,’ wrote the leading Italian lexicographer, ‘will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author, an Honour to his own Country in particular, and a general Benefit to the republic of Letters throughout Europe" The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.Johnson had worked for nine years, ‘with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow’. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ‘setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words’. It is the cornerstone of Standard English an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words ‘conferred stability on the language of his country.’The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲ to offer him a pension. From then on, he was to become the Johnson of folklore.Questions 1-3Choose THREE letters A-H.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in any order.Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary?A It avoided all scholarly words.B It was the only English dictionary in general use for 200 years.C It was famous because of the large number of people involved.D It focused mainly on language from contemporary texts.E There was a time limit for its completion.F It ignored work done by previous dictionary writers.G It took into account subtleties of meaning.H Its definitions were famous for their originality.Questions 4-7Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4…………, who stood at a long central desk. Johnson did not have a 5………… available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks.On publications, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring 6……… to the English language. As a reward for his ha rd work, he was granted a 7………by the king.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8 The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.9 Johnson has become more well known since his death.10 Johnson had been planning to write a dictionary for several years.11 Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary.12 Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.13 Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the Dictionary.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Nature or Nurture?A A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of lifefor their willingness to obey instructions given by a ‘leader’ in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically M ilgram told each volunteer ‘teacher-subject’ that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.B Milgram’s expe rimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from ‘15 volts of electricity (slight shock)’ to ‘450 volts (danger —severe shock)’ in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed ‘pupil’ was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.C As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgramcalmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was ‘you have no other choice. You must go on’. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.D Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that ‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’ and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.E What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit in repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative ‘teachers’ actually do in the laboratory of real life?F One’s first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram’s teache-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.G An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, ‘Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is benevolent and useful to society —the pursuit of scientific truth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this se tting.’H Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.I Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authorityfigure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology — to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all behaviour.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14 a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects’ behaviour15 the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment16 the identity of the pupils17 the expected statistical outcome18 the general aim of sociobiological study19 the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continueQuestions 20-22Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20 The teacher-subjects were told that were testing whetherA a 450-volt shock was dangerous.B punishment helps learning.C the pupils were honest.D they were suited to teaching.21 The teacher-subjects were instructed toA stop when a pupil asked them to.B denounce pupils who made mistakes.C reduce the shock level after a correct answer.D give punishment according to a rule.22 Before the experiment took place the psychiatristsA believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.B failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions.C underestimated the teacher-subjects’ willingness to comply with experimental procedure.D thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts.Questions 23-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this23 Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.24 Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects’ behaviour could be explained as a positive survival mechanism.25 In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority.26 Milgram’s experiment solves an important question in sociobiology.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40,which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet’s air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book ‘The Limits to Growth’ was published in 1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world’s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct, only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient —associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution — the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming — does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled: ‘Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever.’ The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America’s encounter with El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures(which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America’s trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the world’s single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, andprevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic — but more costly still to be too pessimistic.Questions 27-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement ag rees with the writer’s claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer’s clamsNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this27 Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world fora number of reasons28 Data on the Earth’s natural resources has only been collected since 1972.29 The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.30 Extinct species are being replaced by new species.31 Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialisation.32 It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.Questions 33-37Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33 What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?A the need to produce resultsB the lack of financial supportC the selection of areas to researchD the desire to solve every research problem34 The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate howA influential the mass media can be.B effective environmental groups can be.C the mass media can help groups raise funds.D environmental groups can exaggerate their claims.34 What is the writer’s main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?A Some are more active than others.B Some are better organised than others.C Some receive more criticism than others.D Some support more important issues than others.35 The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended toA educate readers.B meet their readers’ expec tations.C encourage feedback from readers.D mislead readers.36 What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?A It will increase in line with population growth.B It is not as important as we have been led to believe.C It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.D It is only significant in certain areas of the country.Questions 38-40Complete the summary with the list of words A-I below.Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.GLOBAL WARMINGThe writer admits that global warming is a 38…………….challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 39…………… way. If we try to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases, he believes that it would only have a minimal impact on rising temperatures. He feels it would be better to spend money on the more 40………… health problem of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water.A unrealisticB agreedC expensiveD rightE long-termF usualG surprisingH personalI urgent剑桥雅思阅读5原文参考译文(test1)TEST 1 PASSAGE 1参考译文：Johnson’s Dictionary约翰逊博士的字典For the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.约翰逊博士的《字典》于1775年出版，在此之前的一个世纪，人们一直对英语的发展状况担忧。
2020年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案(卷五)
2020年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案（卷五）雅思阅读文本：In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire.Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a "lug pole" from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from.Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into thefireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of "oven wood," consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked.Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron "bake kettle," which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid.雅思阅读题目：1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passagemainly discuss?(A) methods of baking bread(B) fireplace cooking(C) the use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen(D) the types of wood used in preparing meals2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate(A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces(B) that they served diverse functions(C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces(D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces3. The word "scorched" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) burned(B) cut(C) enlarged(D) bent4. The word "it" in line 6 refers to(A) the stonework(B) the fireplace opening(C) the mantel tree(D) the rising column of heat5.According to the passage , how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century?(A) By placing the pot directly into the fire(B) By putting the pot in the oven(C) By filling the pot with hot water(D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire6. The word "obtain" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) maintain(B) reinforce(C) manufacture(D) acquire7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lugpole?(A) It was made of wood not readily available.(B) It was difficult to move or rotate.(C) It occasionally broke.(D) It became too hot to touch.8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, "oven wood" produced(A) less smoke(B) more heat(C) fewer embers(D) lower flames9.According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT:(A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day.(B) It was built as part of the main fireplace.(C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney.(D) It was heated with maple sticks.10.According to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a "bake kettle"?(A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace.(B) It did not need to be tightly closed.(C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven.(D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time.雅思阅读答案：BCACD DCBAA雅思阅读文本：The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along theAtlantic Coastline,mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were,accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locationsfor processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).雅思阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.(B) The evolution of cities in North America(C) Trade between North American and European cities(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to(A) NorthAmerican colonies(B) cities(C) centuries(D) town economies3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of thefollowing?(A) Their economic success(B) The type of merchandise they exported(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements(D) The pace of their development4. The word "accordingly" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) as usual(B) in contrast(C) to some degree(D) for that reason5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were establishedalong the Atlantic coastline ofNorthAmerica due to(A) an abundance of natural resources(B) financial support from colonial governments(C) proximity to parts of Europe(D) a favorable climate6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which ofthe following for shipment to Europe?(A) Manufacturing equipment(B) Capital goods(C) Consumer goods(D) Raw materials7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced thegrowth of southern cities EXCEPT the(A) location of the plantations(B) access of plantation owners to shipping(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern citieswere(A) more prosperous(B) smaller(C) less economically self-sufficient(D) tied less closely to England than to France9. The word "recorded" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) imagined(B) discovered(C) documented(D) planned10. The word "drawing" in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) attracting(B) employing(C) instructing(D) representing11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states雅思阅读答案：BBDDC DCBCAC雅思阅读文本：The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today's use of the word.On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later.A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches—as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose —either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed.Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans —originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers —attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.雅思阅读题目：1. What is the main idea of the passage ?(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776.(D)American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.2. The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) tools(B) prints(C) signatures(D) designs3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?(A) European sculptors(B) Carpenters(C) Stone carves(D) Cabinetmakers4. The word "others" in line 6 refers to(A) craftspeople(B) decorations(C) ornamentations(D) shop signs5. The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) separate(B) assembled(C) notable(D) inferior6. The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) festive(B) infrequent(C) delightful(D) unexpected7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.(B) He was well known for his wood carvings(C) He produced sculpture for churches.(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally.(D) The materials found abroad were superior.9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?(A) It was less time-consuming(B) It was more dangerous.(C) It was more expensive.(D) It was less refined.雅思阅读答案：BDCAABABD雅思阅读文本：Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part,by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicious with them. These new urbanities, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned utility companies would charge exorbitant ratesfor these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.雅思阅读题目：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century(B) The role of government in twentieth century urban renewal(C) Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century(D) Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century2. The word "bias" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) diagonal(B) slope(C) distortion(D) prejudice3. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas(A) were suspicious of their neighbors(B) were very proud of their lifestyle(C) believed city government had too much power(D) wanted to move to the cities4. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to(A) participate in the urban reform movement(B) seek financial security(C) comply with a government ordinance(D) avoid crime and corruption5. The word "embraced" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) suggested(B) overestimated(C) demanded(D) welcomed6. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?(A) They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.(B) They believed private ownership would slow economic growth(C) They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.(D) They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.7. The word "exorbitant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) additional(B) expensive(C) various(D) modified8.All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT(A) local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies(B) some utility companies were owned and operated by localgovernments(C) the availability of services was regulated by local government(D) private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments9. The word "Proponents" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) Experts(B) Pioneers(C) Reviewers(D) Supporters10. Why does the author mention "industrialization" (line 24)?(A) To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities(B) To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas(C) To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem(D) To illustrate the need for construction of new factories雅思阅读答案：CDBBDABDDA雅思阅读文本：Although only 1 person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge ofsocial change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared —the use of moneyand commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coat or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. "The cities predicted the future," wrote historian Gary. B. Nash, "even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East and China."Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores.This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every year, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphia's population nearly doubted in those years, reaching about 30,000 in 1774, New York grew at almost the same rate, reaching about 25,000 by 1775.The quality of the hinterland dictated the pace of growth of the cities. The land surrounding Boston had always been poor farm country, and by the mid-eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of its timber. The available farmland was occupied, there was little in the region beyond the city to attract immigrants. New York and Philadelphia, by contrast, served a rich and fertile hinterland laced with navigablewatercourses. Scots, Irish, and Germans landed in these cities and followed the rivers inland. The regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia became the breadbaskets of North America, sending grain not only to other colonies but also to England and southern Europe, where crippling droughts in the late 1760's created a whole new market.雅思阅读题目：1. Which of the following aspects of North America in the eighteenth century does the passagemainly discuss?(A) The effects of war on the growth of cities(B) The growth and influence of cities(C) The decline of farming in areas surrounding cities(D) The causes of immigration to cities2. Why does the author say that "the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development ofNorthAmerica" (lines 1-2)?(A) The influence of the cities was mostly negative(B) The populations of the cities were small, but their influence was great.(C) The cities were growing at a great rate.(D) Most people pretended to live in cities3. The phrase "in place of " in lines 4-5 is closest in meaning to(A) connected to(B) in addition to(C) because of(D) instead of4. The word "attendant" in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) avoidable(B) accompanying(C) unwelcome(D) unexpected5. Which of the following is mentioned as an element of modern capitalism?(A) Open competition(B) Social deference(C) Social hierarchy(D) Independent craftspeople6. It can be inferred that in comparison with North American cities, cities in Europe, the MiddleEast, and China had(A) large populations(B) little independence(C) frequent social disorder(D) few power sources7. The phrase "exponential leaps" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) long wars(B) new laws(C) rapid increases(D) exciting changes8. The word "it" in line 15 refers to(A) population(B) size(C) Boston(D)Year9. How many immigrants arrived in NorthAmerica between 1760 and 1775?(A)About 16,000(B)About 25,000(C)About 30,000(D) More than 200,00010. The word "dictated" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) spoiled(B) reduced(C) determined(D) divided11. The word "virtually" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) usually(B) hardly(C) very quickly(D) almost completely12. The region surrounding New York and Philadelphia is contrasted with the region surroundingBoston in terms of(A) quality of farmland(B) origin of immigrants(C) opportunities for fishing(D) type of grain grown13. Why does the author describe the regions around the cities of New York and Philadelphia as"breadbaskets"?(A) They produced grain especially for making bread.(B) They stored large quantities of grain during periods of drought(C) They supplied grain to other parts of North America and other countries.(D) They consumed more grain than all the other regions of NorthAmerica.雅思阅读答案：BBDBAACADC DAC。
雅思剑12阅读真题Test5Passage1真题精讲
雅思剑12阅读真题Test5Passage1真题精讲雅思剑12阅读真题Test5Passage1原文及答案!剑桥雅思真题练习是权威的复习资料，建议每一位考生都应该做相关练习，目前剑桥雅思已经更新到12了，下面小编为大家带来雅思剑12阅读真题Test5Passage1原文及答案，供大家复习。
雅思剑12阅读真题Test5Passage1原文及题目READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.CorkCork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable material. It is tough, elastic, buoyant, and fire-resistant, and suitable for a wide range of purposes. It has also been used for millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcophagi (stone coffins) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it for anything from beehives to sandals.And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary tree. Its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness, insulating the tree like a coat wrapped around the trunk and branches and keeping the inside at a constant 20℃ all year round. Developed most probably as a defence against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in replicating. The ceils are filled with air, which is why cork is so buoyant.It also has an elasticity that means you can squash it and watch it spring back to its original size and shape when you release the pressure.Cork oaks grow in a number of Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco. Theyflourish in warm, sunny climates where there is a minimum of 400 millimetres of rain per year, and not more than 800 millimetres. Like grape vines, the trees thrive in poor soil, putting down deep roots in search of moisture and nutrients. Southern Portugal’s Alentejo region meets all of these requirements, which explains why, by the early 20th century, this region had become the world’s largest producer of cork, and why today it accounts for roughly half of all cork production around the world.Most cork forests are family-owned. Many of these family businesses, and indeed many of the trees themselves, are around 200 years old. Cork production is, above all, an exercise in patience. From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree. And for top-quality cork, it’s necessary to wait a further 15 or 20 years. You even have to wait for the right kind of summer’s day to harvest cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when it’s too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be damaged.Cork harvesting is a very specialised profession. No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers. First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes, then lever it away in pieces as large as they can manage. The most skilful cork- strippers prise away a semi-circular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the first branches. It is then dried on the ground for about four months, before being taken to factories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might remain in the cork. Over 60% of cork then goes on to be made into traditional bottle stoppers, with most of the remainder being used in the construction trade. Corkboard andcork tiles are ideal for thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manufacture of concrete.Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the bottle. This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and mould. The tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw caps. These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, however. Firstly, its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated. Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without difficulty. Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent desertification in the regions where they are planted. So, given the current concerns about environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks promising.following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 The cork oak has the thickest bark of any living tree.2 Scientists have developed a synthetic cork with the same cellular structure as natural cork.3 Individual cork oak trees must be left for 25 years between the first and second harvest.4 Cork bark should be stripped in dry atmospheric conditions.5 The only way to remove the bark from cork oak trees is by hand.Questions 6-13Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 6-13 on your answer sheet.Comparison of aluminium screw caps and cork bottle stoppersAdvantages of aluminium screw capsdo not affect the 6 ______ of the bottle contentsare 7 ______ to produceare 8 ______ to useAdvantages of cork bottle stopperssuit the 9 ______ of quality productsmade from a 10 ______ materialeasily 11 ______cork forests aid 12 ______cork forests stop 13 ______ happening雅思剑12阅读Test5 Passage1答案解析Test 5 Passage 1Question 1答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：cork oak; thickest bark定位原文：第二段第二句“Its bark grows up to 20cm in thickness, insulating the tree….”解题思路：原文只提到软木橡树的树皮能长到20厘米的厚度，并未提到它的树皮是否是所有树中最厚的。
雅思阅读考试真题和答案
雅思阅读考试真题和答案Passage 1: The History of TeaQuestions 1-6: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.1. What is the main reason for the popularity of tea in Britain?A. The British climate is suitable for growing tea.B. Tea was introduced to Britain by the Dutch.C. Tea was affordable and accessible to the masses.2. How did the British tea ceremony differ from the Chinese one?A. It was more formal and elaborate.B. It was less focused on socializing.C. It was more about the ritualistic aspects.3. What was the impact of the tea tax on the American colonies?A. It led to a decrease in tea consumption.B. It resulted in the Boston Tea Party.C. It caused the colonies to grow their own tea.4. What is the primary purpose of the tea estates in India?A. To produce tea for export to Europe.B. To provide employment for local workers.C. To preserve traditional tea-making methods.5. What does the author suggest about the future of tea?A. It will become less popular due to health concerns.B. It will continue to be a staple in many cultures.C. It will be replaced by other beverages.6. What is the main focus of the International Tea Day?A. Promoting tea as a healthy beverage.B. Encouraging fair trade practices in the tea industry.C. Celebrating the cultural significance of tea.Answers:1. C2. B3. B4. A5. B6. CQuestions 7-13: Answer the statements with TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.7. The British East India Company had a monopoly on tea trade in the 18th century.TRUE8. Tea was initially considered a luxury item in Britain.TRUE9. The Chinese tea ceremony is known for its simplicity.FALSE10. The Boston Tea Party was a protest against high tea prices.FALSE11. The tea estates in India were established to meet domestic demand.FALSE12. The author believes that tea's popularity is declining in modern times.NOT GIVEN13. International Tea Day is celebrated to promote the economic benefits of tea.NOT GIVENPassage 2: The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthQuestions 14-20: Complete the summary with the correct information from the passage.The Impact of Social Media on Mental HealthSocial media has become an integral part of modern life, with millions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter on a daily basis. However, the effects of social media on mental health have been a topic of concern. Recent studies have shown that there is a correlation between social media use and mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.14. A study conducted by the Royal Society for Public Health found that social media can have both positive and negative effects on young people's mental health. The platforms that had the most negative impact were Instagram, Snapchat, and Facebook.15. The comparison of social media use to a "digital mirror" highlights the tendency of users to compare their lives with others, leading to feelings of inadequacy and羡慕.16. The term "FOMO" (Fear of Missing Out) is used to describe the anxiety that arises from seeing others' experiences and achievements on social media, which can exacerbate feelings of isolation and loneliness.17. Some individuals may develop a dependency on social media for validation and self-worth, which can lead to a cycle of seeking approval and reinforcement from online interactions.18. The negative effects of social media can be mitigated by setting boundaries, such as limiting the time spent on social media platforms and being mindful of the content that is consumed.19. It is suggested that parents and educators play a crucial role in guiding young people on how to use social media responsibly and in promoting a healthy relationship with these platforms.20. The potential benefits of social media, such as staying connected with friends and family, sharing experiences, and accessing information, should not be overlooked, as they can contribute positively to mental health when used in moderation.Passage 3: Renewable Energy SourcesQuestions 21-26: Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.21. What is the primary advantage of solar energy according to the passage?A. It is a clean and renewable source of energy.B. It requires minimal maintenance.C. It can be used in remote areas without infrastructure.22. Which of the following is a disadvantage of wind energy?A. It is dependent on weather conditions.B. It has a high initial cost.C. It is harmful to wildlife.23. What is the main concern regarding the use of biofuels?A. They contribute to deforestation.B. They are not as efficient as fossil fuels.C. They can lead to food shortages.24. What is the potential of tidal energy as mentioned in the passage?A. It is a consistent and predictable source of energy.B. It has a low environmental impact.C. It can be used to generate electricity on a large scale.25. What is the current limitation of geothermal energy?A. It is only available in certain geographical locations.B. It requires advanced technology for extraction.C. It is not cost-effective compared to other renewable sources.26. What does the author suggest about the future of renewable energy?A. It will replace fossil fuels completely.B. It will play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions.C. It will become the dominant source of energy worldwide.Answers:21. A22. C23. C24. A25. A26. BQuestions 27-33: Answer the statements with TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.27. Solar energy can be harnessed in areas with low sunlight.FALSE28. Wind turbines can be noisy and disruptive to local communities.TRUE29. Biofuels are a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.NOT GIVEN30. Tidal energy is affected by the lunar cycle.TRUE31. Geothermal energy can be used for heating as well as electricity generation.TRUE32. The cost of renewable energy is decreasing due to technological advancements.TRUE33. The author believes that renewable energy will solve all energy problems.NOT GIVENNote: This is a sample set of questions and answers for practice purposes. Actual IELTS reading tests may vary in content and structure.。
雅思阅读真经5答案
雅思阅读真经5答案【篇一：真经5解析】lass=txt>5. safer=better，took over=alternatives，所以答案是freon。
6. 注意inventing=patentedq1: 请问第一篇冰箱的发明的第2和3空怎么定位，我在原文找不到….a: 第二第三题对应正文第四段最后一句话。
原文：and another made by physician jg, and developed vapor-compression refrigeration for the brewing and meatpacking industries.题干：and commercial refrigeration was applied to as well as industries. 对应：for=applied to; and=as well as定位词：commercial refrigerationq2: 还是冰箱那篇，为什么第5个空不能填alternatives？在原文中不是刚好接在比较级better后面吗？a: 第五题对应正文第五段第三句话。
原文：engineers worked until the 1920s to come up with better alternatives, one of which was freon.题干：the safer took over it in 1920s.对应：better=safer; come up with=took over定位词：1920s请注意，填alternative不是最优答案，最准确的是氟利昂freonreading passage 2 阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔3. 判断填形容词。
不能填explosive，因为炸药都要爆炸，所以爆炸不是炸药的风险。
可控的、安全的爆炸才是问题。
对应原文15页第5行：the safety problems。
雅思og test 5 阅读 解析
雅思og test 5 阅读解析全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：雅思OG测试是一系列为准备参加雅思考试的考生制作的一套考试模拟题。
OG测试从1到12卷，每一卷都包含听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分。
本文将重点关注OG测试第5卷中的阅读部分，并对其进行解析。
第5卷的阅读部分包含三篇文章，分别是关于环保的“Save the Planet”，关于音乐的“The Power of Music”以及关于健康的“Healthy Living”。
考生需要仔细阅读每篇文章，并回答相应的问题。
在“Save the Planet”这篇文章中，主要讨论了环境保护的重要性以及人们应该如何采取行动来保护地球。
文章指出，全球暖化、空气和水污染等环境问题正在加剧，而我们每个人都有责任保护地球。
从节约能源到减少垃圾，每个人都可以做出贡献，保护我们共同的家园。
在“The Power of Music”这篇文章中，介绍了音乐对人类健康和心理状态的积极影响。
文章指出，音乐可以缓解压力、舒缓情绪，甚至有助于提高注意力和创造力。
在面对压力和困难时，人们可以通过欣赏音乐来放松自己，提高生活质量。
最后一篇文章“Healthy Living”讨论了健康生活的重要性。
文章强调了良好的饮食习惯、充足的睡眠和适量的运动对于保持健康的重要性。
只有通过均衡的生活方式，人们才能保持身体和心理的健康，享受更好的生活质量。
在阅读这三篇文章后，考生会面对一系列与文章内容相关的问题。
这些问题可能涉及文章的主旨、细节、作者意图等方面，考生需要根据文章内容正确回答问题，同时练习阅读理解能力。
通过参加雅思OG测试的阅读部分，考生可以提高自己的阅读理解能力，扩大词汇量，增强阅读速度和准确性。
这对于备考雅思考试是非常有帮助的，因为阅读部分在雅思考试中占有很大的比重，考生需要在有限的时间内快速理解文章并回答问题。
雅思OG测试第5卷的阅读部分为备考雅思考试的考生提供了宝贵的练习机会。
7+雅思阅读答案5
第五本T1P1 Tea and Industrial Revolution1. vi2. v3. ix4. i5. ii6. iv7. vii8. NOT GIVEN9. TRUE10. FALSE11. FALSE12. NOT GIVEN13. TRUE第五本T1P2 Seed Hunting14 drugs and crops15 extinction16 pioneers17 Sir Joseph Banks18 underground vaults19 TRUE20 NOT GIVEN21 TRUE22 TRUE23 FALSE24 TRUE25-26In any orderA foodB fuel第五本T1P3 Music：Language We All Speak27 iii28 vii29 iv30 i31 viii32 F33 B34 E35 D36 G37 A38 C39 C40 C第五本T2P1 Making of Olympic Torch1. flame2. climates3. purchase4. B5. C6. D7. F8. E9. H10. (a) fuel tank11. openings/holes12. handle13. propane and butane14. double第五本T2P2 Detection of a Meteorite Lake14 TRUE15 NOT GIVEN16 FALSE17 TRUE18 FALSE19 (high-pressure) air gun20 sound energy/sound wave21 (long) cable22 hydrophones/underwater microphones23 ship container/ shipping container24 seismic reflection profiling25 laboratory26 three-dimensional/3D image27 fishing nets第五本T2P3 Facial Expression28 C29. A30 D31. H32 D33 B34 particular35 cultural background36- 37 isolated, exposed (不分顺序) 38 misidentified39-40 B D第五本T3P1 Biomimetic Design1 NOT GIVEN2 FALSE3 True4 False5 NOT GIVEN6 False7 True8 the same way9 carbon-fiber10 limbs/legs and feets11 self-cleaning12 surveillance13 lifesaving第五本T3P2 TV Addiction14 TRUE15 FALSE16 TRUE17 NOT GIVEN18-20 ACD21 D22 B23 A25 popular pastime26 TV addicts27 orienting response第五本T3P3 Compliance or Noncompliance for Children27 B28 C29 C30 A31 D32 F33 D34 E35 A36 NO37 YES38 YES39 YES40 NOTGIVEN第五本T4P1 Alfred Nobel1FALSE2NOTGIVEN3FALSE4FALSE5TRUE6TURE7chemicalengineering8AscanioSobrero9gunpowder10Stockholm11a detonator12pneumaticdrill13cost第五本T4P2 A New Ice Age14 D16 A17 D18 B19 A20 B21 C22 heat23 denser24 GreatOcean Conveyor25 freshwater26 southward第五本T4P3 The Fruit Book27 D28 A29 C30 B31 E32 I33-34 in any orderFruitFibre35 uxi36 unpredictable37 piquia38 subsistence39 commercial potential40 NTFPs/non-timber forest products 第五本T5P1 Refrigerator1. D2. C3. F4. E5. B6. TRUE7. FALSE8. FALSE9. NOT GIVEN11. heat12. paraelectric13. Thermoelectric14. radiator第五本T5P2 The History of Automobiles15. G16.A17.B18. D19.C20. Internal combustion (engine)21. status22. 93 minutes/ (1 hour 33 minutes) ;23. (polluting) gas-guzzler24. the oil crisis：25. fuel efficiency/ power26. (gasoline and diesel) fuels27. B15. GH段第一句和第二句the biggest developments in Post-war era were the widespread use of independent suspensions, wider application of fuel injection, The hottest technologies of the 1960s were NSU’s “Wankel engine”, the gas turbine, and the turbocharger.18. D原文见B段第二句began the first production of automobiles in the early factory he owned,the later Mercedes-Benz.第五本T5P3 The Rainmaker Design27. YES28. NO29. YES30. NOT GIVEN31. NO32. hot dry air33. moist34. heat35. condenser36. (pure)distilled water38. solar panels39. construction cost40. environmentally-friendly第五本T6P1 Bamboo1 E2 D3 B4 A5 D6 C7 B8 A9 B10 B11 D12 soil erosion13 paper第五本T6P2 Children's Literature14 stories15 America16 folklore17 fairy-stories18 adventures19 C20 A21 E22 False23 True24 NotGiven25 True26 True第五本T6P3 Talc Powder Applied on Food and Agricultural Industries27 B28 B30 A31C32 B33 2034 foam35 waste water36 harmful37 biodegrade38 droplet(s)39 lamination, packing40 grape grower(s)第五本T7P1 Going Bananas1. tenthousand/10,0002 South-East Asia3 hardseeds /seeds4 F5 A6 D7 C8 E9 B10 C11 NOT GIVEN12 FALSE13 TURE第五本T7P2 Longaeva: Ancient Bristlecone Pine14 H15 B16 C17 A18 D19 A20 C21 energy,22 stratification,23 （bands of）bark,24 （dry mountain）air,25 ground cover,26 distance第五本T7P3 Communication in Science27 B28 A29 C30 D31 C32 TRUE33 NOT GIVEN34 FALSE35 FALSE36 word choices37 colloquial terminology38 observer39 description40 general relativity第五本T8P1 Going Nowhere Fast1 True2 False3 Not Given4 Not Given5 True6 False7 A8 C9 C10 A11 B12 B13 C,E,F第五本T8P2 Biodiversity14 TRUE15 FALSE16 TRUE17 TRUE18 FALSE19 NOT GIVEN20 NOT GIVEN21 keystone (species)22 fig family/ figs23 (sea) urchins24 cactus moth25 Australia26 public education第五本T8P3 Sir Francis Ronalds and Telegraph27 G28 A29 E30 D31 I32 letters and numbers/alphabet andnumbers33 glass tubes34 800km35 (a) frictional-electricity （machine ）36 D37 A38 E39 C40 G。
剑桥雅思真题5-阅读Test1(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题5-阅读Test1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Johnson’s DictionaryFor the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had been concern about the state of the English language. There was no standard way of speaking or writing and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of English spelling. Dr Johnson provided the solution.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’. Like the various dictionaries that came after it during the seventeenth century, Cawdray’s tended to concentrate on ‘scholarly’ words; one function of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer —lexical as well as social and commercial. it is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself and he would do it single-handed. Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holbom Bar on 18 June 1764.He was to be paid ￡1.575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent Gough Square, in which he set up his ‘dictionary workshop’.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as ‘fitted up like a counting house’ with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up. Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an ‘old crazy deal table’ surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books. He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation.The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time. He did not expect to achieve complete originality. Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis. In fact, it was very much more. Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treated English very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning. He adopted his definitions on theprinciple of English common law — according to precedent. After its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivalled for over a century.After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1775. It was instantly recognised as a landmark throughout Europe. ‘This very noble work,’ wrote the leading Italian lexicographer, ‘will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author, an Honour to his own Country in particular, and a general Benefit to the republic of Letters throughout Europe.’ The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.Johnson had worked for nine years, ‘with little assistance of the learned, and without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academic bowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow’. For all its faults and eccentricities his two-volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words, ‘setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining the significations of English words’. It is the cornerstone of Standard English an achievement which, in James Boswell’s words ‘conferred stability on the language of his country.’The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George Ⅲto offer him a pension. From then on, he was to become the Johnson of folklore.Questions 1-3Choose THREE letters A-H.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in any order.Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary?A It avoided all scholarly words.B It was the only English dictionary in general use for 200 years.C It was famous because of the large number of people involved.D It focused mainly on language from contemporary texts.E There was a time limit for its completion.F It ignored work done by previous dictionary writers.G It took into account subtleties of meaning.H Its definitions were famous for their originality.Questions 4-7Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-7 on your answer sheet.In 1764 Dr Johnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret, he took on a number of 4…………, who stood at a long central desk. Johnson did not have a 5………… available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. On publications, the Dictionary was immediately hailed in many European countries as a landmark. According to his biographer, James Boswell, Johnson’s principal achievement was to bring 6………… to the English language. As a reward for his hard work, he was granted a 7………by the king.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8 The growing importance of the middle classes led to an increased demand for dictionaries.9 Johnson has become more well known since his death.10 Johnson had been planning to write a dictionary for several years.11 Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary.12 Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.13 Not all of the assistants survived to see the publication of the Dictionary.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2below.Nature or NurtureA A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology. Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 'leader in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer 'teacher-subject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ ability to learn.B Milgram's experimental set-up involved placing the teacher-subject before a panel of thirty switches with labels ranging from ‘15 volts of electricity (slight shock)' to ‘450 volts (danger -severe shock)' in steps of 15 volts each. The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer. The supposed 'pupil’ was in reality an actor hired by Milgram to simulate receiving the shocks by emitting a spectrum of groans, screams and writhings together with an assortment of statements and expletives denouncing both the experiment and the experimenter. Milgram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.C As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was, 'You have no other choice. You must go on'. What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.D Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter. The psychiatrists felt that 'most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts' and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts. Furthermore, they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.E What were the actual results? Well, over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit! In repetitions of the experiment in other countries, the percentage of obedient teacher-subjects was even higher, reaching 85 per cent in one country. How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative 'teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life?F One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the caves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways.G An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects' actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. As Milgram himself pointed out, 'Most subjects in the experiment see their behaviour in a larger context that is benevolent and useful to society - the pursuit of scientific truth. The psychological laboratory has a strong claim to legitimacy and evokes trust and confidence in those who perform there. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting.'H Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.I Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology -to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour. Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all behaviour. Question 14-19Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14. a biological explanation of the teacher-subjects’ behaviour15. the explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment16. the identity of the pupils17. the expected statistical outcome18. the general aim of sociobiological study19. the way Milgram persuaded the teacher-subjects to continueQuestion 20-22Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.20. The teacher-subjects were told that they were testing whetherA. a 450-volt shock was dangerous.B. punishment helps learning.C. the pupils were honest.D. they were suited to teaching.21. The teacher-subjects were instructed toA. stop when a pupil asked them to.B. denounce pupils who made mistakes.C. reduce the shock level after a correct answer.D. give punishment according to a rule.22. Before the experiment took place the psychiatristsA. believed that a shock of 150 volts was too dangerous.B. failed to agree on how the teacher-subjects would respond to instructions.C. underestimated the teacher-subjects’ willingness to comply with experimental procedure.D. thought that many of the teacher-subjects would administer a shock of 450 volts.Question 23-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this23. Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University.24. Some people may believe that the teacher-subjects’ behaviour could be explained positive survival mechanism.25. In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority.26. Milgram’s experiment solves an important question in sociobiology.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 2below.The truth about the EnvironmentFor many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting worse. They have developed a hit-list of our main fears: that natural resources are running out; that the population is ever growing, leaving less and less to eat; that species are becoming extinct in vast numbers, and that the planet's air and water are becoming ever more polluted.But a quick look at the facts shows a different picture. First, energy and other natural resources have become more abundant, not less so, since the book The Limits to Growth was published in1972 by a group of scientists. Second, more food is now produced per head of the world’s population than at any time in history. Fewer people are starving. Third, although species are indeed becoming extinct only about 0.7% of them are expected to disappear in the next 50 years, not 25-50%, as has so often been predicted. And finally, most forms of environmental pollution either appear to have been exaggerated, or are transient -associated with the early phases of industrialisation and therefore best cured not by restricting economic growth, but by accelerating it. One form of pollution - the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming - does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. A bigger problem may well turn out to be an inappropriate response to it.Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality.One is the lopsidedness built into scientific research. Scientific funding goes mainly to areas with many problems. That may be wise policy, but it will also create an impression that many more potential problems exist than is the case.Secondly, environmental groups need to be noticed by the mass media. They also need to keep the money rolling in. Understandably, perhaps, they sometimes overstate their arguments. In 1997, for example, the World Wide Fund for Nature issued a press release entitled:'Two thirds of the world’s forests lost forever'. The truth turns out to be nearer 20%.Though these groups are run overwhelmingly by selfless folk, they nevertheless share many of the characteristics of other lobby groups. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. A trade organisation arguing for, say, weaker pollution controls is instantly seen as self-interested. Yet a green organisation opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the controls in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.A third source of confusion is the attitude of the media. People are clearly more curious about bad news than good. Newspapers and broadcasters are there to provide what the public wants. That, however, can lead to significant distortions of perception. An example was America^ encounter with El Nino in 1997 and 1998. This climatic phenomenon was accused of wrecking tourism, causing allergies, melting the ski-slopes and causing 22 deaths. However, according to an article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, the damage it did was estimated at US$4 billion but the benefits amounted to some US$19 billion. These came from higher winter temperatures (which saved an estimated 850 lives, reduced heating costs and diminished spring floods caused by meltwaters).The fourth factor is poor individual perception. People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff everyone throws away will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste. Yet, even if America's trash output continues to rise as it has done in the past, and even if the American population doubles by 2100, all the rubbish America produces through the entire 21st century will still take up only one-12,000th of the area of the entire United States.So what of global warming? As we know, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the planet to warm. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise by 2-3°C in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analyses clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissionsradically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures. A model by one of the main authors of the United Nations Climate Change Panel shows how an expected temperature increase of 2.1 degrees in 2100 would only be diminished to an increase of 1.9 degrees. Or to put it another way, the temperature increase that the planet would have experienced in 2094 would be postponed to 2100.So this does not prevent global warming, but merely buys the world six years. Yet the cost of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, for the United States alone, will be higher than the cost of solving the worlds single, most pressing health problem: providing universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Such measures would avoid 2 million deaths every year, and prevent half a billion people from becoming seriously ill.It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. It may be costly to be overly optimistic - but more costly still to be too pessimistic.Question 27-32Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the writer's claimsFALSE if the statement contradicts the writer's claimsNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this27. Environmentalists take a pessimistic view of the world for a number of reasons.28. Data on the Earth's natural resources has only been collected since 1972.29. The number of starving people in the world has increased in recent years.30. Extinct species are being replaced by new species.31. Some pollution problems have been correctly linked to industrialisation.32. It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.Question 33-37Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.33. What aspect of scientific research does the writer express concern about in paragraph 4?A. the need to produce resultsB. the lack of financial supportC. the selection of areas to researchD. the desire to solve every research problem34. The writer quotes from the Worldwide Fund for Nature to illustrate howA. influential the mass media can be.B. effective environmental groups can be.C. the mass media can help groups raise funds.D. environmental groups can exaggerate their claims.35. What is the writer’s main point about lobby groups in paragraph 6?A. Some are more active than others.B. Some are better organised than others.C. Some receive more criticism than others.D. Some support more important issues than others.36. The writer suggests that newspapers print items that are intended toA. educate readers.B. meet their readers' expectations.C. encourage feedback from readers.D. mislead readers.37. What does the writer say about America’s waste problem?A. It will increase in line with population growth.B. It is not as important as we have been led to believe.C. It has been reduced through public awareness of the issues.D. It is only significant in certain areas of the country.Question 38-40Complete the summary with the list of words A-I below.Drag the correct letter A-I into boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.The writer admits that global warming is a 38………… challenge, but says that it will not have a catastrophic impact on our future, if we deal with it in the 39………… way. If we try to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases, he believes that it would only have a minimal impact on rising temperatures. He feels it would be better to spend money on the more 40………… health problem of providing the world’s population with clean drinking water.参考答案1-3 (IN ANY ORDER) D E G4 clerks / copying clerks5 library6 stability7 pension8 TRUE9 FALSE10 NOT GIVEN11 FALSE12 FALSE13 TRUE14 F15 A16 B17 D18 I19 C20 B21 D22 C23 NOT GIVEN24 TRUE25 FALSE26 FALSE27 YES28 NOT GIVEN29 NO30 NOT GIVEN31 YES32 NO33 C34 D35 C36 B37 B38 E39 D40 I。
(完整版)SATog5阅读真题解析
SAT test 51.For a long time, most doctors maintained that taking massive doses of vitamins was relatively harmless; now, however, some are warning that excessive dosages can be _________.(A) healthy adj. 健康的(B) expensive adj. 昂贵的(C) wasteful adj. 浪费的(D) toxic adj. 有毒的(E) inane adj. 愚蠢的解析：D，在很长的一段时间里，大多数医生认为用大量的维他命是无害的;不过现在有些人警告过量食用会----。
这里however表示转折与前面的harmless是相反的意思。
2. In Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy, the west Indian heroine _________ her employers' world, critically examining its assumptions and values.(A) idealizes v. 理想化(B) avoids v. 避开(C) beautifies v. 美化(D) scrutinizes v. 仔细检查(E) excludes v. 排除，解析：E，在牙买加金彩的小说露西，这个西印度群岛英雄----她的雇主的世界，精细的审视他的猜测和价值。
这个句子中前后两句意思是一致的，没有转折词，所以空格所需的东西与examining是同义词，所以D。
3.The frequent name changes that the country has undergone _________ the political turbulence that has attended its recent history.(A) argue against v. 真钞，辩论(B) contrast with v. 对比，差异(C) testify to v. 证明(D) jeopardize v. 危及(E) sustain v. 支撑解析：C，这个国家经历了频繁的国名变更---这个国家的近点史上的政治动乱。
剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage3
passage1解析，请点击：剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage1。
本片文章是剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage3。
Question 27答案：TRUE关键词: scientific evidence, photoperiodism定位原文: 原文第2段笫4句: “The seasonal impact of day解题思路: 题目：支持光周期现象的科学证椐十分充分。
原文：“受季节性影响的日照长度在生理学上的反应叫做光周期现象，这种现象的试验证据的数量相当可观。
”因此答案为TRUE。
Question 28答案：TRUE关键词: bird, breed, season定位原文: 原文第2段第5句: “For example, some species of…”解题思路: 题目：一些鸟类能够被诱发在非繁殖季节进行繁殖。
原文：“仅仅通过人工增加日照长度，一些鸟类甚至在冬至的时候被诱发繁殖(Wolfson, 1964年)。
”因此答案为TRUE。
Question 29答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：photoperiodism, geographic areas定位原文: 无解题思路: 题目：光周期现象被限制在一些特定地区。
原文没有提到题目的内容，因此答案为NOT GIVEN。
Question 30答案：FALSE关键词: desert annuals, long-day plants定位原文: 原文第4段最后两句: “Day-neutral plants have… For example…”解题思路: 题目：沙漠植物属干长日照植物。
原文：“日中性植物有进化优势。
对于它们而言，繁殖的最好季节和日照长度之间并没有必然的关系。
例如，对于沙漠的一年生植物而言，只要有合适的雨水，它们就会生长、开花、结果，不受日照长短的影响。
”由此可见沙漠植物属于日中性植物而非长日照植物。
因此答案为FALSE。
雅思阅读真经5答案
雅思阅读真经5答案雅思阅读真经5答案【篇一：真经5解析】lass=txt>5. safer=better，took over=alternatives，因此答案是freon。
6. 注意inventing=patentedq1: 请问第一篇冰箱的创造的第2和3空怎么定位，我在原文找不到….a: 第二第三题对应正文第四段最后一句话。
原文：and another made by physician jg, and developed vapor-compression refrigeration for the brewing and meatpacking industries.题干：and commercial refrigeration was applied to as well as industries. 对应：for=applied to; and=as well as定位词：commercial refrigerationq2: 还是冰箱那篇，为什么第5个空不能填alternatives？在原文中不是刚好接在比较级better后面吗？a: 第五题对应正文第五段第三句话。
原文：engineers worked until the 1920s to come up with better alternatives, one of which was freon.题干：the safer took over it in 1920s.对应：better=safer; come up with=took over定位词：1920s请注意，填alternative不是最优答案，最准确的是氟利昂freonreading passage 2 阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔3. 判断填形容词。
不能填explosive，因为炸药都要爆炸，因此爆炸不是炸药的风险。
可控的、安全的爆炸才是问题。
对应原文15页第5行：the safety problems。
雅思阅读预测真题库5参考答案
Novice and expertprinciples and rules/mentor/journeyman/patterns of behavior/complex FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/FALSEmodels/consensus/manifestationsMuseum BlockbusterC /A /B /BCustomers/public relation skills /(the new) museology /tourist attractions A D/B C ESir Francis Ronalds and TelegraphG/A/E/D/ILetters and numbers(or alphabet and numbers)/glass tubes/800km/frictional-electricity(machine)D/A/E/C/GBestcom-Considerate ComputingFALSE/TRUE/TRUE/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVENclues/relationship/message/reschedule/mail/cellphone/meetingVideo Game’s Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain C / D / B / D /NOT GIVE / TRUE / NOT GIVEN / FALSE /C / F / B / E / A /Fossil Files --- the Paleobiology Database iii/i/ii/vi/v/ivB/D/C/B/D/B/CScent of Success1-6题的NB可以忽略C/B/A/F/G/E/B/D/A/E/D/C/BA New Ice AgeD/C/A/D/B/A/B/Cheat/denser/Great Ocean Conveyor/freshwater/southwardSoviet’s New Working Weeki/xii/ii/x/i/ix/v/viiC/A/DYuri Larin/color-coding/familyThe PersuadersYES/NOT GIVEN/YES/NOB/C/D/Ctrolleys/aisles/loyalty card/cosmetics/groupWater Filterclay/water/straw/cow manure/950 degrees/60 minutes FALSE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/NOT GIVENC/D/AMungo ManTRUE/NOTGIVEN /TRUE/ FALSE /TRUE /NOTGIVENA /E /A /B /C /D /B / ABamboo, A Wonder plantE/D/B/A/D/C/B/A/B/B/Dsoil erosion/paperThe Gap of IngenuityC/A/B/D/B/B/C/YES/YES/YES/NO/NOT GIVEN/YES/NOCorporate Soical Responsibility v/viii/iv/vii/i/iii/iiequal opportunity/internal costC/C/A/BAmateur NaturalistsB/C/H/G/E/D/ABeekepping/life cycle/droughtC/B/A/AThomas Young : The Last True Know-It-AllTRUE/FALSE/FALSE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVENhuman eye(or human eye accommodation)/Indo-European/Richard Brocklesby/Royal Institution/gas lightingHow to Achieve Happinessvi/vii/iv/ix/iiB/D/A/C/B/D/F/BAquaculture in New Zealand忽略NBF/E/D/I/GFuel/power/water streams/contaminant/harvesting/Government B5(target)/increase(producing/production)capacity/photosynthesisConsecutive and Simultaneous TranslationB/D/C/C/A2-3 seconds/10 seconds/100-120/200/95-164B/C/E/FThe Future Never Dies?YES/NO/YES/NG/NO/NGtemperature/(molten)rock(or ash)/food/tidal wave/ice age/rocket/D。
博雅学校雅思阅读模拟题及答案(三)(ver.5)
Reading Passage 1NetworkingNetworking as a concept has acquired what is in all truth an unjustified air of modernity. It is considered in the corporate world as an essential tool for the modern businessperson, as they trot round the globe drumming up business for themselves or a corporation. The concept is worn like a badge of distinction, and not just in the business world.People can be divided basically into those who keep knowledge and their personal contacts to themselves, and those who are prepared to share what they know and indeed their friends with others. A person who is insecure, for example someone who finds it difficult to share information with others and who is unable to bring people, including friends, together does not make a good networker. The classic networker is someone who is strong enough within themselves to connect different people including close friends with each other. For example, a businessman or an academic may meet someone who is likely to be a valuable contact in the future, but at the moment that person may benefit from meeting another associate or friend.It takes quite a secure person to bring these people together and allow a relationship to develop independently of himself. From the non-networker's point of view such a development may be intolerable, especially if it is happening outside their control. The unfortunate thing here is that the initiator of the contact, if he did but know it, would be the one to benefit most. And why?Because all things being equal, people move within circles and that person has the potential of being sucked into ever growing spheres of new contacts. It is said that, if you know eight people, you are in touch with everyone in the world. It does not take much common sense to realize the potential for any kind of venture as one is able to draw on the experience of more and more people.Unfortunately, making new contacts, business or otherwise, while it brings success, does cause problems. It enlarges the individual's world. This is in truth not altogether a bad thing, but it puts more pressure on the networker through his having to maintain an ever larger circle of people. The most convenient way out is, perhaps, to cull old contacts, but this would be anathema to our networker as it would defeat the whole purpose of networking. Another problem is the reaction of friends and associates. Spreading oneself thinly gives one less time for others who were perhaps closer to one in the past. In the workplace, this can cause tension with jealous colleagues, and even with superiors who might be tempted to rein in a more successful inferior.Jealousy and envy can prove to be very detrimental if one is faced with a very insecure manager, as this person may seek to stifle someone's career or even block it completely.The answer here is to let one's superiors share in the glory; to throw them a few crumbs of comfort. It is called leadership from the bottom. In the present business climate, companies and enterprises need to co-operate with each other in order to expand. As globalization grows apace, companies need to be able to span not just countries but continents. Whilst people may rail against this development it is for the moment here to stay. Without co-operation and contacts, specialist companies will not survive for long. Computer components, for example, need to be compatible with the various machines on the market and to achieve this, firms need to work in conjunction with others. No business or institution can afford to be an island in today's environment. In the not very distant past, it was possible for companies to go it alone, but it is now more difficult to do so.The same applies in the academic world, where ideas have been jealously guarded. The opening-up of universities and colleges to the outside world in recent years has been of enormous benefit to industry and educational institutions. The stereotypical academic is one who moves in a rarefied atmosphere living a life of sometimes splendid isolation, a prisoner of their own genius. This sort of person does not fit easily into the mould of the modern networker. Yet even this insular world is changing. The ivory towers are being left ever more frequently as educational experts forge links with other bodies; sometimes to stunning effect as in Silicon Valley in America and around Cambridge in England, which now has one of the most concentrated clusters of high tech companies in Europe.It is the networkers, the wheeler-dealers, the movers and shakers, call them what you will, that carry the world along. The world of the Neanderthals was shaken between 35,000 and 40,000 BC; they were superseded by Homo Sapiens with the very 'networking' skills that separate us from other animals: understanding, thought abstraction and culture, which are inextricably linked to planning survival and productivity in humans. It is said the meek will inherit the earth. But will they?Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the writer's claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer's claimsNOT GIVEN if there is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this Example AnswerNetworking is a concept Yes1 Networking is not a modern idea.2 Networking is worn like a badge exclusively in the business world.3 People fall into two basic categories.4 A person who shares knowledge and friends makes a better networker than one who does not.5 The classic networker is physically strong and generally in good health.Questions 6-10Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete the sentences below.6 Making new acquaintances ........................................ but also has its disadvantages.7 At work, problems can be caused if the manager is ........................................ .8 A manager can suppress, or even totally ........................................ the career of an employee.9 In business today, working together is necessary in order for........................................ to grow.10 Businesses that specialize will not last for long without ........................................ . Questions 11-15Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete the sentences below.11 In which sphere of life have ideas been protected jealously?12 Which type of individual does not easily become a modern networker?13 Where is one of the greatest concentrations of high tech companies in Europe?14 Who replaced the Neanderthals?15 What, as well as understanding and thought abstraction, sets us apart from otheranimals?Reading Passage 2A SILENT FORCEAThere is a legend that St Augustine in the fourth century AD was the first individual to be seen reading silently rather than aloud, or semi-aloud, as had been the practice hitherto. Reading has come a long way since Augustine's day. There was a time when it was a menial job of scribes and priests, not the mark of civilization it became in Europe during the Renaissance when it was seen as one of the attributes of the civilized individual.BModern nations are now seriously affected by their levels of literacy. While the Western world has seen a noticeable decline in these areas, other less developed countries have advanced and, in some cases, overtaken the West. India, for example, now has a large pool of educated workers. So European countries can no longer rest on their laurels as they have done for far too long; otherwise, they are in danger of falling even further behind economically.CIt is difficult in the modern world to do anything other than a basic job without being able to read. Reading as a skill is the key to an educated workforce, which in turn is the bedrock of economic advancement, particularly in the present technological age. Studies have shown that by increasing the literacy and numeracy skills of primary school children in the UK, the benefit to the economy generally is in billions of pounds. The skill of reading is now no more just an intellectual or leisure activity, but rather a fully-fledged economic force. DPart of the problem with reading is that it is a skill which is not appreciated in most developed societies. This is an attitude that has condemned large swathes of the population in most Western nations to illiteracy. It might surprise people in countries outside the West to learn that in the United Kingdom, and indeed in some other European countries, the literacy rate has fallen to below that of so-called less developed countries.EThere are also forces conspiring against reading in our modern society. It is not seen as cool among a younger generation more at home with computer screens or a Walkman. The solitude of reading is not very appealing. Students at school, college or university who read a lot are called bookworms. The term indicates the contempt in which reading and learning are held in certain circles or subcultures. It is a criticism, like all such attacks, driven by the insecurity ofthose who are not literate or are semi-literate. Criticism is also a means, like all bullying, of keeping peers in place so that they do not step out of line. Peer pressure among young people is so powerful that it often kills any attempts to change attitudes to habits like reading.FBut the negative connotations apart, is modern Western society standing Canute-like against an uncontrollable spiral of decline? I think not.GHow should people be encouraged to read more? It can easily be done by increasing basic reading skills at an early age and encouraging young people to borrow books from schools. Some schools have classroom libraries as well as school libraries. It is no good waiting until pupils are in their secondary school to encourage an interest in books; it needs to be pushed at an early age. Reading comics, magazines and low brow publications like Mills and Boon is frowned upon. But surely what people, whether they be adults or children, read is of little import. What is significant is the fact that they are reading. Someone who reads a comic today may have the courage to pick up a more substantial tome later on.HBut perhaps the best idea would be to stop the negative attitudes to reading from forming in the first place. Taking children to local libraries brings them into contact with an environment where they can become relaxed among books. If primary school children were also taken in groups into bookshops, this might also entice them to want their own books. A local bookshop, like some local libraries, could perhaps arrange book readings for children which, being away from the classroom, would make the reading activity more of an adventure. On a more general note, most countries have writers of national importance. By increasing the standing of national writers in the eyes of the public, through local and national writing competitions, people would be drawn more to the printed word. Catch them young and, perhaps, they just might then all become bookworms.Questions 16-22Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs labelled A-H.Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-xii) in boxes 16-22 on your answer sheet. One of the headings has been done for you as an example. Any heading may be used more than once.Note: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.YES if the statement agrees with the writer's claimsNO if the statement contradicts the writer's claimsNOT GIVEN if there is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this Example AnswerAccording to legend, St Augustine was theYesfirst person to be seen reading silently.23European countries have been satisfied with past achievements for too long and have allowed other countries to overtake them in certain areas. 24Reading is an economic force.25The literacy rate in less developed nations is considerably higher than in all European countries.26If you encourage children to read when they are young the negative attitude to reading that grows in some subcultures will be eliminated.27People should be discouraged from reading comics and magazines.Reading Passage 3Variations on a theme: the sonnet formin English poetryAThe form of lyric poetry known as ‘the sonnet’, or ‘little song’, was introduced into the English poetic corpus by Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder and his contemporary Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, during the first half of the sixteenth century. It originated, however, in Italy three centuries earlier, with the earliest examples known being those of Giacomo da Lentini, ‘The Notary’ in the Sicilian court of the Emperor Frederick II, dating from the third decade of the thirteenth century. The Sicilian sonneteers are relatively obscure, but the form was taken up by the two most famous poets of the Italian Renaissance, Dante and Petrarch, and indeed the latter is regarded as the master of the form.BThe Petrarchan sonnet form, the first to be introduced into English poetry, is a complex poetic structure. It comprises fourteen lines written in a rhyming metrical pattern of iambic pentameter, that is to say each line is ten syllables long, divided into five ‘feet’ or pairs of syllables (hence ‘pentameter’), with a stre ss pattern where the first syllable of each foot is unstressed and the second stressed (an iambic foot). This can be seen if we look at the first line of one of Wordsworth’s sonnets, ‘After- Thought’: ‘I thought of thee my partner and my guide’. If we brea k down this line into its constituent syllabic parts, we can see the five feet and the stress pattern (in this example each stressed syllable is underlined), thus: ‘I thought/ of thee/ my part/ner and/ my guide’.CThe rhyme scheme for the Petrarchan sonnet is equally as rigid. The poem is generally divided into two parts, the octave (8 lines) and the sestet (6 lines), which is demonstrated through rhyme rather than an actual space between each section. The octave is usually rhymed abbaabba with the first, fourth, fifth and eighth lines rhyming with each other, and the second, third, sixth and seventh also rhyming. The sestet is more varied: it can follow the patterns cdecde, cdccdc,or cdedce. Perhaps the best interpretation of this division in the Petrarcha n sonnet is by Charles Gayley, who wrote: ‘The octave bears the burden; a doubt, a problem, a reflection, a query, an historical statement, a cry of indignation or desire, a vision of the ideal. The sestet eases the load, resolves the problem or doubt, ans wers the query or doubt, solaces the yearning, realizes the vision’. Thus, we can see that the rhyme scheme demonstrates a twofold division in the poem, providing a structure for development of themes and ideas.DEarly on, however, English poets began to vary and experiment with this structure. Thefirst major development was made by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, altogether an indifferent poet, but was taken up and perfected by William Shakespeare, and is named after him. The Shakespearean sonnet also has fourteen lines in iambic pentameter, but rather than the division into octave and sestet, the poem is divided into four parts: three quatrains and a final rhyming couplet. Each quatrain has its own internal rhyme scheme, thus a typical Shakespearean sonnet would rhyme abab cdcd efef gg. Such a structure naturally allows greater flexibility for the author and it would be hard, if not impossible, to enumerate the different ways in which it has been employed, by Shakespeare and others. For example, an idea might be introduced in the first quatrain, complicated in the second, further complicated in the third, and resolved in the final couplet - indeed, the couplet is almost always used as a resolution to the poem, though often in a surprising way.EThese, then, are the two standard forms of the sonnet in English poetry, but it should be recognized that poets rarely follow rules precisely and a number of other sonnet types have been developed, playing with the structural elements. Edmund Spenser, for example, mor e famous for his verse epic ‘The Faerie Queene’, invented a variation on the Shakespearean form by interlocking the rhyme schemes between the quatrains, thus: abab bcbc cdcd ee, while in the twentieth century Rupert Brooke reversed his sonnet, beginning with the couplet. John Milton, the seventeenth-century poet, was unsatisfied with the fourteen-line format and wrote a number of ‘Caudate’ sonnets, or sonnets with the regular fourteen lines (on the Petrarchan model) with a ‘coda’ or ‘tail’ of a further si x lines. A similar notion informs George Meredith’s sonnet sequence ‘Modern Love’, where most sonnets in the cycle have sixteen lines.FPerhaps the most radical of innovators, however, has been Gerard Manley Hopkins, who developed what he called the ‘Curtal’ sonnet. This form varies the length of the poem, reducing it in effect to eleven and a half lines, the rhyme scheme and the number of feet per line. Modulating the Petrarchan form, instead of two quatrains in the octave, he has two tercets rhyming abc abc, and in place of the sestet he has four and a half lines, with a rhyme scheme dcbdc. As if this is not enough, the tercets are no longer in iambic pentameter, but have six stresses instead of five, as does the final quatrain, with the exception of the last line, which has three. Many critics, however, are sceptical as to whether such a major variation can indeed be classified as a sonnet, but as verse forms and structures become freer, and poets less satisfied with convention, it is likely that even more experimental forms will out.Questions 28-32Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs labelled A-H.Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-xiii) in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet. One of the headings has been done for you as an example. Any heading may be used more than once.Note: There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them.Questions 33-37Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage, complete the sentences below.33Sir Thomas Wyatt the Elder and Henry Howard were.........................................34It was in the third decade of the thirteenth century that the........................................ was introduced.35Among poets of the Italian Renaissance........................................was considered to be the better sonneteer.36The Petrarchan sonnet form consists of.........................................37In comparison with the octave, the rhyming scheme of the sestet is........................................varied.Questions 38-40Choose the correct letters A-D and write them in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38 According to Charles Gayley,A the octave is longer than the sestet.B the octave develops themes and ideas.C the sestet provides answers and solutions.D the sestet demonstrates a twofold division.39 The Shakespearean sonnet isA an indifferent development.B more developed than the Petrarchan sonnet.C more flexible than the Petrarchan sonnet.D enumerated in different ways.40 According to the passage, whose sonnet types are similar?A Spenser and BrookeB Brooke and MiltonC Hopkins and SpenserD Milton and Meredith。
剑桥雅思真题5-阅读Test3(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题5-阅读Test3（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Early Childhood EducationNew Zealand's National Party spokesman on education, Dr Lockwood Smith, recently visited the US and Britain. Here he reports on the findings of his trip and what they could mean for NewZealand's education policyA'Education To Be More' was published last August. It was the report of the New Zealand Government's Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group. The report argued for enhanced equity of access and better funding for childcare and early childhood education institutions. Unquestionably, that's a real need; but since parents don't normally send children to pre-schools until the age of three, are we missing out on the most important years of all?BA 13-year study of early childhood development at Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the potential to understand about 1000 words — most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.Furthermore, research has shown that while every child is born with a natural curiosity, it can be suppressed dramatically during the second and third years of life. Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life, and during the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school. Once over the age of three, children continue to expand on existing knowledge of the world.CIt is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. That's observed not just in New Zealand, but also in Australia, Britain and America. In an attempt to overcome that educational under-achievement, a nationwide programme called 'Headstart' was launched in the United States in 1965. A lot of money was poured into it. It took children into pre-school institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help the children of poorer families succeed in school.Despite substantial funding, results have been disappointing. It is thought that there are two explanations for this. First, the programme began too late. Many children who entered it at the age of three were already behind their peers in language and measurable intelligence. Second, the parents were not involved. At the end of each day, 'Headstart' children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment.DAs a result of the growing research evidence of the importance of the first three years of a child's life and the disappointing results from 'Headstart', a pilot programme was launched in Missouri in the US that focused on parents as the child's first teachers. The 'Missouri' programme was predicated on research showing that working with the family, rather than bypassing the parents, is the most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start in life. The four-year pilot study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and whorepresented a cross-section of socio-economic status, age and family configurations. They included single-parent and two-parent families, families in which both parents worked, and families with either the mother or father at home.The programme involved trained parent — educators visiting the parents' home and working with the parent, or parents, and the child. Information on child development, and guidance on things to look for and expect as the child grows were provided, plus guidance in fostering the child's intellectual, language, social and motor-skill development. Periodic check-ups of the child's educational and sensory development (hearing and vision) were made to detect possible handicaps that interfere with growth and development. Medical problems were referred to professionals.Parent-educators made personal visits to homes and monthly group meetings were held with other new parents to share experience and discuss topics of interest. Parent resource centres, located in school buildings, offered learning materials for families and facilitators for child care.EAt the age of three, the children who had been involved in the 'Missouri' programme were evaluated alongside a cross-section of children selected from the same range of socio-economic backgrounds and family situations, and also a random sample of children that age. The results were phenomenal. By the age of three, the children in the programme were significantly more advanced in language development than their peers, had made greater strides in problem solving and other intellectual skills, and were further along in social development. In fact, the average child on the programme was performing at the level of the top 15 to 20 per cent of their peers in such things as auditory comprehension, verbal ability and language ability.Most important of all, the traditional measures of 'risk', such as parents' age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development. Children in the programme performed equally well regardless of socio-economic disadvantages. Child abuse was virtually eliminated. The one factor that was found to affect the child's development was family stress leading to a poor quality of parent-child interaction. That interaction was not necessarily bad in poorer families.FThese research findings are exciting. There is growing evidence in New Zealand that children from poorer socio-economic backgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that our school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage. The initiative outlined above could break that cycle of disadvantage. The concept of working with parents in their homes, or at their place of work, contrasts quite markedly with the report of the Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group. Their focus is on getting children and mothers access to childcare and institutionalized early childhood education. Education from the age of three to five is undoubtedly vital, but without a similar focus on parent education and on the vital importance of the first three years, some evidence indicates that it will not be enough to overcome educational inequity.Questions 1-4Reading Passage 1 has six sections, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.1 details of the range of family types involved in an education programme2 reasons why a child's early years are so important3 reasons why an education programme failed4 a description of the positive outcomes of an education programmeQuestions 5-10Classify the following features as characterisingA the 'Headstart' programmeB the 'Missouri' programmeC both the 'Headstart' and the 'Missouri' programmesD neither the 'Headstart' nor the 'Missouri' programmeWrite the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.5 was administered to a variety of poor and wealthy families6 continued with follow-up assistance in elementary schools7 did not succeed in its aim8 supplied many forms of support and training to parents9 received insufficient funding10 was designed to improve pre-schoolers’ educational developmentQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this11 Most ‘Missouri’ programme three-year-olds scored highly in areas such as listening speaking, reasoning and interacting with others.12 ‘Missouri’ programme children of young, uneducated, single parents scored less highly on the tests.13 The richer families in the ‘Missouri’ programme had higher stress levels.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Disappearing DeltaA The fertile land of the Nile delta is being eroded along Egypt's Mediterranean coast at an astounding rate, in some parts estimated at 100 metres per year. In the past, land scoured away from the coastline by the current of the Mediterranean Sea used to be replaced by sediment brought down to the delta by the River Nile, but this is no longer happening.B Up to now, people have blamed this loss of delta land on the two large dams at Aswan in the south of Egypt, which hold back virtually oil of the sediment that used to flow down the river. Before the dams were built, the Nile Bowed freely, carrying huge quantities of sediment north from Africa's interior to be deposited on the Nile delta. This continued for 7000 years, eventually covering a region of over 22,000 square kilometres with layers of fertile silt. Annual flooding brought in new, nutrient-rich soil to the delta region, replacing what had been washed away by the sea, and dispensing with the need for fertilizers in Egypt’s richest food-growing area. But when the Aswan dams were constructed in the 20th century to provide electricity and irrigation, and to protect the huge population centre of Cairo and its surrounding areas from annual flooding and drought, most of the sediment with its natural fertilizer accumulated up above the dam in thesouthern, upstream half of Lake Nasser, instead of passing down to the delta.C Now, however, there turns out to be more to the story. It appears that the sediment-free water emerging from the Aswan dams picks up silt and sand as it erodes the river bed and banks on the 800-kilometre trip lo Cairo. Daniel Jean Stanley of the Smithsonian Institute noticed that water samples taken in Cairo, just before the river enters the delta, indicated that the river sometimes carries more than 850 grams of sediment per cubic metre of water - almost half of what it carried before the dams were built. ‘I’m ashamed to say that the significance of this didn't strike me until after I had read 50 or 60 studies,’ says Stanley in Marine Geology. "There is still a lot of sediment coming into the delta, but virtually no sediment comes out into the Mediterranean to replenish the coastline.So this sediment must be trapped on the delta itself.’D Once north of Cairo, most of the Nile water is diverted into more than 10,000 kilometres of irrigation canals and only a small proportion reaches the sea directly through the rivers in the delta. The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry sediment, Stanley explains. The sediment sinks to the bottom of the canals and then is added to fields by farmers or pumped with the water into the four large freshwater lagoons that are located near the outer edges of the delta. So very little of it actually reaches the coastline to replace what is being washed away by the Mediterranean currents.E The farms on the delta plains and fishing and aquaculture in the lagoons account for much of Egypt's food supply. But by the time the sediment has come to rest in the fields and lagoons it is laden with municipal, industrial and agricultural waste from the Cairo region, which is home to more than 40 million people. Pollutants are building up faster and faster,’ says Stanley. Based on his investigations of sediment from the delta lagoons, Frederic Siegel of George Washington University concurs.’ In Manzalah Lagoon, for example, the increase in mercury, lead and zinc coincided with the building of the High Dam at Aswan, the availability of cheap electricity, and the development of major power-based industries,’ he says. Since that time the concentration of mercury has increased significantly. Lead from engines that use leaded fuels and from other industrial sources has also increased dramatically. These poisons can easily enter the food chain, affecting the productivity of fishing and farming. Another problem is that agricultural wastes include fertilizers which stimulate increases in plant growth in the lagoons and upset the ecology of the area, with serious effects on the fishing industry.F According to Siegel, international environmental organisations are beginning to pay closer attention to the region, partly because of the problems of erosion and pollution of the Nile delta, but principally because they fear the impact this situation could have on the whole Mediterraneancoastal ecosystem. But there are no easy solutions. In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available. ‘In my view, Egypt must devise a way to have more water running through the river and the delta,’ says Stanley. Easier said than done in a desert region with a rapidly growing population. Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B and D-F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. Effects of irrigation on sedimentationii. The danger of flooding the Cairo areaiii. Causing pollution in the Mediterraneaniv. Interrupting a natural processv. The threat to food productionvi. Less valuable sediment than beforevii. Egypt's disappearing coastline16Paragraph E17Paragraph FQuestion 18-23Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement reflects the claims of the writerFALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this18. Coastal erosion occurred along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast before the building of the Aswan dams.19. Some people predicted that the Aswan dams would cause land loss before they were built.20. The Aswan dams were built to increase the fertility of the Nile delta.21. Stanley found that the levels of sediment in the river water in Cairo were relatively high.22. Sediment in the irrigation canals on the Nile delta causes flooding.23. Water is pumped from the irrigation canals into the lagoons.Question 24-26Complete the summary of paragraphs E and F with the list of words A-H below.Write the correct letter A-H into boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.In addition to the problem of coastal erosion, there has been a marked increase in-the level of 24 ………… contained in the silt deposited in the Nile delta. To deal with this, Stanley suggeststhe use of 25………… in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available throughYou should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Return of Artificial IntelligenceIt is becoming acceptable again to talk of computers performing human tasks such asproblem-solving and pattern-recognitionA After years in the wilderness, the term 'artificial intelligence’ (Al) seems poised to make a comeback. Al was big in the 1980s but vanished in the 1990s. It re-entered public consciousness with the release of Al, a movie about a robot boy. This has ignited public debate about Al, but the term is also being used once more within the computer industry. Researchers, executives and marketing people are now using the expression without irony or inverted commas. And it is not always hype. The term is being applied, with some justification, to products that depend on technology that was originally developed by Al researchers. Admittedly, the rehabilitation of the term has a long way to go, and some firms still prefer to avoid using it. But the fact that others are starting to use it again suggests that Al has moved on from being seen as an over-ambitious and under-achieving field of research.B The field was launched, and the term 'artificial intelligence' coined, at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, Herbert Simon and Alan Newell, all of whom went on to become leading figures in the field. The expression provided an attractive but informative name for a research programme that encompassed such previously disparate fields as operations research, cybernetics, logic and computer science. The goal they shared was an attempt to capture or mimic human abilities using machines. That said, different groups of researchers attacked different problems, from speech recognition to chess playing, in different ways; Al unified the field in name only. But it was a term that captured the public imagination.C Most researchers agree that Al peaked around 1985. A public reared on science-fiction movies and excited by the growing power of computers had high expectations. For years, Al researchers had implied that a breakthrough was just around the corner. Marvin Minsky said in 1967 that within a generation the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence, would besubstantially solved. Prototypes of medical-diagnosis programs and speech recognition software appeared to be making progress. It proved to be a false dawn. Thinking computers and household robots failed to materialise, and a backlash ensued. There was undue optimism in the early 1980s,’ says David Leake, a researcher at Indiana University. Then when people realised these were hard problems, there was retrenchment. By the late 1980s, the term Al was being avoided by many researchers, who opted instead to align themselves with specific sub-disciplines such as neural networks, agent technology, case-based reasoning, and so on.'D Ironically, in some ways Al was a victim of its own success. Whenever an apparently mundane problem was solved, such as building a system that could land an aircraft unattended, the problem was deemed not to have been Al in the first place. 'If it works, it can't be Al,’ as Dr Leake characterises it. The effect of repeatedly moving the goal-posts in this way was that Al came to refer to 'blue-sky* research that was still years away from commercialisation. Researchers joked that Al stood for 'almost implemented'. Meanwhile, the technologies that made it onto the market, such as speech recognition, language translation and decision-support software, were no longer regarded as Al. Yet all three once fell well within the umbrella of Al research.E But the tide may now be turning, according to Dr Leake. HNC Software of San Diego, backed by a government agency, reckon that their new approach to artificial intelligence is the most powerful and promising approach ever discovered. HNC claim that their system, based on a duster of 30 processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicles on a battlefield or extract a voice signal from a noisy background - tasks humans can do well, but computers cannot. 'Whether or not their technology lives up to the claims made for it, the fact that HNC are emphasising the use of Al is itself an interesting development,’ says Dr Leake.F Another factor that may boost the prospects for Al in the near future is that investors are now looking for firms using clever technology, rather than just a clever business model, to differentiate themselves. In particular, the problem of information overload, exacerbated by the growth of e-mail and the explosion in the number of web pages, means there are plenty of opportunities for new technologies to help filter and categorise information - classic Al problems. That may mean that more artificial intelligence companies will start to emerge to meet this challenge.G The 1969 film, 2001: A Space Odyssey, featured an intelligent computer called HAL 9000. As well as understanding and speaking English, HAL could play chess and even learned to lipread. HAL thus encapsulated the optimism of the 1960s that intelligent computers would be widespread by 2001. But 2001 has been and gone, and there is still no sign of a HAL-like computer. Individual systems can play chess or transcribe speech, but a general theory of machine intelligence still remains elusive. It may be, however, that the comparison with HAL no longer seems quite so important, and Al can now be judged by what it can do, rather than by how well it matches up to a 30-year-old science-fiction film. 'People are beginning to realise that there are impressive things that these systems can do,' says Dr Leake hopefully.Question 27-31Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27. how AI might have a military impact28. the fact that AI brings together a range of separate research areas29. the reason why AI has become a common topic of conversation again30. how AI could help deal with difficulties related to the amount of information available electronically31. where the expression AI was first usedQuestion 32-37Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 32-37 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this32. The researchers who launched the field of AI had worked together on other projects in the past.33. In 1985, AI was at its lowest point.34. Research into agent technology was more costly than research into neural networks.35. Applications of AI have already had a degree of success.36. The problems waiting to be solved by AI have not changed since 1967.37. The film 2001: A Space Odyssey reflected contemporary ideas about the potential of AI computersQuestion 38-40Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.38. According to researchers, in the late 1980s there was a feeling thatA. a general theory of AI would never be developed.B. original expectations of AI may not have been justified.C. a wide range of applications was close to fruition.D. more powerful computers were the key to further progress.39. In Dr Leake's opinion, the reputation of AI suffered as a result ofA. changing perceptions.B. premature implementation.C. poorly planned projectsD. commercial pressures.40. The prospects for AI may benefit fromA. existing AI applications.B. new business models.C. orders from internet-only companies.D. new investment priorities.参考答案1 D2 B3 C4 E5 B6 D7 A8 B9 D10 C11 TRUE12 FALSE13 NOT GIVEN14 iv15 i16 v17 viii18 YES19 NOT GIVEN20 NO21 YES22 NOT GIVEN23 YES24 F25 A26 B27 E28 B29 A30 F31 B32 NOT GIVEN33 FALSE34 NOT GIVEN35 TRUE35 FALSE37 TRUE38 B39 A40 D。
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 1Passage 1: 旅游业的兴起阅读以下段落，回答问题。
旅游业已成为全球最大的产业之一。
每年有数亿人次的国际旅行，产生了数百万个工作岗位，并为国家经济做出了巨大贡献。
随着人们生活水平的提高和交通工具的发展，旅游业仍在不断增长。
然而，旅游业的发展也带来了一些问题，如环境污染、文化冲突和生态破坏。
Question 1: 旅游业的全球影响是什么？{content}Question 2: 旅游业发展最快的因素是什么？{content}Passage 2: 保护野生动物阅读以下段落，回答问题。
保护野生动物已成为全球关注的焦点。
然而，许多野生动物正面临生存威胁，如非法狩猎、栖息地丧失和气候变化。
为了保护这些动物，各国政府和国际组织已经采取了一系列措施，如设立自然保护区、加强法律法规和提高公众意识。
Question 3: 为什么保护野生动物变得重要？{content}Question 4: 保护野生动物采取了哪些措施？{content}雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 2Passage 1: 太阳能的未来阅读以下段落，回答问题。
太阳能是一种清洁、可再生的能源，有巨大的潜力。
随着技术的进步，太阳能电池的效率不断提高，成本也在逐渐降低。
许多国家已经开始建设太阳能发电站，以减少对化石燃料的依赖并应对气候变化。
预计未来太阳能将成为全球主要的能源来源之一。
Question 5: 太阳能的优势是什么？{content}Question 6: 为什么太阳能电池的效率不断提高？{content}Passage 2: 数字鸿沟阅读以下段落，回答问题。
数字鸿沟是指信息技术在不同群体之间的差距。
这种差距可能源于经济、教育和地理等因素。
数字鸿沟可能导致社会不平等，限制人们的发展机会。
为了解决这一问题，政府和社会组织正在努力提供更多的信息技术培训和教育，以提高人们的数字素养。
国外英语考试：2022雅思(IELTS)真题模拟及答案(5)
国外英语考试：2022雅思（IELTS）真题模拟及答案(5)1、Matt and Alysia are going to get their driver's licenses. The probability that Matt passes his driving test is 9/10. The probability that Alysia passes her driving test is 7/9. Assuming that their result is not dependent on how the other does, what is the probability that Matt passes and Alysia fails?（单选题）A. 101/90B. 1/5C. 7/10D. 11/90E. 27/100试题答案：B2、After more than one hundred years of steel production at Hallside, ______.（单选题）A. the land could not be used for anything.B. it was impossible to use the land to build on.C. the land could then be built on.D. the land could be used for any purpose.试题答案：B3、A suitable title for this passage would be ______.（单选题）A. Overcoming the Language Barrier.B. How to Survive in an English-speaking World.C. Global Understanding—the Key to Personal Progress.D. The Need for a Common Language.试题答案：A4、Regular part-time work is ______.（单选题）A. always easily found.B. not always available.C. sufficient to pay for tuition fees.D. 20 hours during full-time vacation.试题答案：B5、The anthropologist was interested in studying the Maori people, particularly their history, rituals, and social relationships.（单选题）A. particularly their history, rituals, and social relationshipsB. to study particularly their history, rituals, and social relationshipsC. particularly the study of their history, rituals, and social relationshipsD. particularly of their history and rituals in addition to their social relationshipsE. particularly studying their history, rituals, and social relationships试题答案：A6、In the figure above, what is the length of RS?（单选题）A.B. 2C. 4D.E. 10试题答案：B7、If the measures of the angles of a triangle are in the ratio of 2：3：4, what is the measure of the smallest angle of the triangle?（单选题）A. 20B. 25C. 30D. 40E. 45试题答案：D8、In the conversion of the soil at the Hallside site, ______.（单选题）A. two types of worms are being used.B. three types of worms are being used.C. many types of worms are being used.D. thousands of different types of worms are being used.试题答案：A9、Being as he is a perfect gentleman, Tommy is well known for his polite behavior even around strangers.（单选题）A. Being as he is a perfect gentlemanB. Although he is a perfect gentlemanC. Being a gentleman perfectlyD. A perfect gentlemanE. In being a perfect gentleman试题答案：D10、Which of the following is the best way to combine sentences 9 and 10 (reproduced below)?Huge billboards advertise shows, shops, and mutts. Hotels, motels, and tour buses are everywhere.（单选题）A. The streets are lined with hotels, motels, tour buses, and huge billboards advertising shows, shops, and mails.B. The streets are lined with hotels, motels, and tour buses whose occupants take in huge billboards that are everywhere advertising shows, shops, and malls.C. Huge billboards surrounding hotels, motels, and tour buses, which are everywhere, advertise shows, shops, and mails.D. Huge billboards advertise shows, shops, and malls and surround hotels, motels, and tour buses, which are everywhere.E. The streets are lined: hotels, motels, and tour buses me everywhere, and their occupants take in huge billboards advertising shows, shops, and malls.试题答案：A11、Circles O and P intersect at exactly one point, as shown in the figure above. If the radius of circle O is 2 and the radius of circle P is 6, what is the circumference of any circle that has OP as a diameter?（单选题）A. 4πB. 8πC. 12πD. 16πE. 64π试题答案：B12、Which of the following would be an example of an "externality" as it is defined in Passage 2?（单选题）A. the extra revenue produced by increasing the price of a serviceB. the annual cost of maintaining a municipal recycling programC. the value of a beaver pelt in the wholesale marketD. the irritating noise caused by a neighbor's motorcycleE. the salaries paid to environmental workers试题答案：D13、Point C is the center of the circle on the figure above. The shaded region has an area of 3π square centimeters. What is the perimeter of the shaded region in centimeters?（单选题）A. 2n+ 6B. 2n+9C. 2n+ 12D. 3n + 6E. 3n + 12试题答案：A14、what is the perimeter of a triangle in the x y-coordinate plane whose vertices are the points(5. 8) (5. 2).and (9. 8)?（单选题）A. 6B. 10C.D.E.试题答案：E15、Sharing accommodation may be ______.（单选题）A. approximately A$10, 000 per year cheaper than living alone.B. more expensive than living alone.C. not suitable for some students.D. suitable for most students.试题答案：C16、The soil regeneration at the Hallside site will take ______.（单选题）A. 60 years.B. between 5 and 10 years.C. over 60 years.D. less than five years.试题答案：B17、Some experts ______ that driving while talking on a cell phone is dangerous and ______ because it prevents drivers from devoting their full attention to the road.（单选题）A. rescind, foolhardyB. deny, perilousC. contend, harmlessD. contest, inconvenientE. assert, distracting试题答案：E18、Regular part-time work is ______.（单选题）A. always easily found.B. not always available.C. sufficient to pay for tuition fees.D. 20 hours during full-time vacation.试题答案：B19、What is the best way to deal with sentence 10?（单选题）A. Move it to the beginning of the third paragraph.B. Omit it.C. Delete "have."D. Connect it to sentence 9 with the word "and:'E. Change "it’s" to "this game is"试题答案：E20、After more than one hundred years of steel production at Hallside, ______.（单选题）A. the land could not be used for anything.B. it was impossible to use the land to build on.C. the land could then be built on.D. the land could be used for any purpose.试题答案：B21、If the point (-1, 2) is on a graph that is symmetric with respect to the y-axis, then which of the following points must also be on the graph?（单选题）A. (1, 2)B. (-1, -2)C. (1,-2)D. (-2, 1)E. (2, -1)试题答案：A22、In the conversion of the soil at the Hallside site, ______.（单选题）A. two types of worms are being used.B. three types of worms are being used.C. many types of worms are being used.D. thousands of different types of worms are being used.试题答案：A23、If 5/x+4/5=1, what is the value of x?（单选题）A. -25/4B. -4C. -5/4D. -1/5E. 25试题答案：E24、The soil regeneration at the Hallside site will take ______.（单选题）A. 60 years.B. between 5 and 10 years.C. over 60 years.D. less than five years.试题答案：B25、Where is the best place to insert the following sentence? Incentives are used to influence people in many walks of life.（单选题）A. after sentence 2B. after sentence 3C. after sentence 4D. after sentence 5E. after sentence 6试题答案：B26、The rectangle in the figure below is inscribed in a circle with a radius . If the height of the rectangle is twice its base, what is the area of the rectangle?（单选题）A. 500B. 400C. 300D. 200E. 100试题答案：D27、Mike has a goal to bench press 220 pounds. When he started working out, Mike was able to lift 150 pounds. He has currently increased that amount by 20%. What percent of his current lifting amount must Mike increase to reach his goal of 220 pounds?（单选题）A.B. 22%C. 22.22%D.E.试题答案：D28、3(x-10) = 5(x +20), x = ______.（单选题）A. -65B. -50C. -35D. -20E. -15试题答案：A29、According to the writer, English-speaking people need to be aware that ______.（单选题）A. some foreigners have never met an English-speaking person.B. many foreigners have no desire to learn English.C. foreign languages may pose a greater problem in the future.D. English-speaking foreigners may have difficulty in understanding English.试题答案：D30、The width of a rectangular prism is doubled, its length is tripled, and its height is cut in half. If the volume of the original prism was V, what is its new volume?（单选题）A. 2VB. 4VC. 16VD. 6VE. 3V试题答案：E。
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Novice and expert
principles and rules/mentor/journeyman/patterns of behavior/complex FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/FALSE
models/consensus/manifestations
Museum Blockbuster
C /A /B /B
Customers/public relation skills /(the new) museology /tourist attractions A D/B C E
Sir Francis Ronalds and Telegraph
G/A/E/D/I
Letters and numbers(or alphabet and numbers)/glass tubes/800km/frictional-electricity(machine)
D/A/E/C/G
Bestcom-Considerate Computing
FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
clues/relationship/message/reschedule/mail/cellphone/meeting
Video Game’s Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain C / D / B / D /
NOT GIVE / TRUE / NOT GIVEN / FALSE /
C / F / B / E / A /
Fossil Files --- the Paleobiology Database iii/i/ii/vi/v/iv
B/D/C/B/D/B/C
Scent of Success
1-6题的NB可以忽略
C/B/A/F/G/E/B/D/A/E/D/C/B
A New Ice Age
D/C/A/D/B/A/B/C
heat/denser/Great Ocean Conveyor/freshwater/southward
Soviet’s New Working Week
i/xii/ii/x/i/ix/v/vii
C/A/D
Yuri Larin/color-coding/family
The Persuaders
YES/NOT GIVEN/YES/NO
B/C/D/C
trolleys/aisles/loyalty card/cosmetics/group
Water Filter
clay/water/straw/cow manure/950 degrees/60 minutes FALSE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/NOT GIVEN
C/D/A
Mungo Man
TRUE/NOTGIVEN /TRUE/ FALSE /TRUE /NOTGIVEN
A /E /A /
B /
C /
D /B / A
Bamboo, A Wonder plant
E/D/B/A/D/C/B/A/B/B/D
soil erosion/paper
The Gap of Ingenuity
C/A/B/D/B/B/C/YES/YES/YES/NO/NOT GIVEN/YES/NO
Corporate Soical Responsibility v/viii/iv/vii/i/iii/ii
equal opportunity/internal cost
C/C/A/B
Amateur Naturalists
B/C/H/G/E/D/A
Beekepping/life cycle/drought
C/B/A/A
Thomas Young : The Last True Know-It-All
TRUE/FALSE/FALSE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN
human eye(or human eye accommodation)/Indo-European/Richard Brocklesby/Royal Institution/gas lighting
How to Achieve Happiness
vi/vii/iv/ix/ii
B/D/A/C/B/D/F/B
Aquaculture in New Zealand
忽略NB
F/E/D/I/G
Fuel/power/water streams/contaminant/harvesting/Government B5(target)/increase(producing/production)capacity/photosynthesis
Consecutive and Simultaneous Translation
B/D/C/C/A
2-3 seconds/10 seconds/100-120/200/95-164
B/C/E/F
The Future Never Dies?
YES/NO/YES/NG/NO/NG
temperature/(molten)rock(or ash)/food/tidal wave/ice age/rocket/D。