英文科技论文写作-报告
科学与技术英文作文
科学与技术英文作文英文：Science and technology play an important role in our daily lives. They have brought us convenience and improved our quality of life. Science is the study of the natural world through observation and experiment, while technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.Science has helped us understand the world around us. For example, the discovery of antibiotics has saved countless lives by fighting off infections. The study of genetics has allowed us to understand the causes of diseases and develop treatments for them. In addition, science has helped us understand the environment and the impact of human activities on it.Technology has also greatly impacted our lives. It has made communication faster and easier, allowing us toconnect with people all over the world. We can now access vast amounts of information through the internet, and we can use technology to improve our health and fitness. For example, wearable fitness trackers can help us track our exercise and monitor our heart rate.However, science and technology also have their downsides. The overuse of technology can lead to addiction and social isolation. The development of weapons and other harmful technologies can lead to war and destruction. We must use science and technology responsibly and ethically to avoid these negative consequences.中文：科学与技术在我们日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
科技英文作文30字
科技英文作文30字
英文，Technology has greatly impacted our lives. For example, smartphones have become an essential part of our daily routine. We use them to communicate with others, navigate our way around, and even make purchases. Additionally, the internet has opened up a world of information and opportunities. We can learn new skills, connect with people from all over the world, and access entertainment with just a few clicks. However, technology also has its downsides, such as addiction and privacy concerns.
中文，科技对我们的生活产生了巨大的影响。
例如，智能手机已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
我们用它们来与他人沟通，导航，甚至购物。
此外，互联网打开了一个信息和机会的世界。
我们可以学习新技能，与来自世界各地的人联系，只需点击即可访问娱乐。
然而，科技也有其不利之处，如成瘾和隐私问题。
与科技有关英文作文
与科技有关英文作文英文：When it comes to technology, I believe it has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. On the positive side, technology has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and messaging apps. We can also shop online and have our purchases delivered right to our doorstep. In addition, technology has greatly improved healthcare, allowing doctors to diagnose and treat illnesses more accurately and effectively.However, technology also has its downsides. One major negative impact is the decrease in face-to-face communication and social interaction. People are becoming more reliant on technology for communication, leading to a lack of personal connections and a decrease in empathy. Another issue is the potential for addiction to technology,such as social media or video games, which can lead to negative effects on mental health and productivity.Overall, while technology has greatly improved ourlives in many ways, it is important to be aware of its potential negative impacts and strive for a balance in our use of technology.中文：谈到科技，我认为它在积极和消极方面都对我们的生活产生了巨大影响。
科技与理论英文作文
科技与理论英文作文英文：Technology and theory are two crucial aspects of our modern society. Technology has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate, while theory provides us with a framework for understanding the world around us. In this essay, I will discuss the relationship between technology and theory, and how they complement each other.First of all, technology and theory are interdependent. Technology is built on theoretical foundations, and theory is developed based on technological advancements. For example, the development of the internet was based on theoretical concepts of computer networking, which were later refined and expanded upon by researchers and engineers. Similarly, advances in neuroscience have led to new theories about the workings of the brain and how it affects behavior.Furthermore, technology and theory can be used to solve real-world problems. For instance, theoretical models can be used to predict the spread of infectious diseases, while technology can be used to develop vaccines and treatments. In this way, theory and technology work together to improve our lives and solve complex problems.However, there are also potential risks associated with technology and theory. For example, the development of artificial intelligence raises ethical concerns about the potential impact on employment and privacy. Theoretical models can also be misused to justify harmful policies or actions. Therefore, it is important to consider the ethical implications of technological and theoretical advancements.In conclusion, technology and theory are two essential components of our modern society. They are interdependent and can be used to solve real-world problems, but also carry potential risks. As we continue to advance technologically and theoretically, it is important to consider the ethical implications and strive for a balance between progress and responsibility.中文：科技和理论是我们现代社会中两个至关重要的方面。
体现科技的英文作文
体现科技的英文作文英文：Technology has had a profound impact on our daily lives, from the way we communicate to the way we work and even the way we entertain ourselves. In my opinion, technology has greatly improved the quality of our lives, making tasks easier and more efficient.One example of how technology has improved our lives is through the use of smartphones. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information on the internet, and even use it as atool for work or entertainment. It has become an essential tool for many people in their daily lives.Another example is the use of artificial intelligencein various industries. AI has the ability to analyze large amounts of data and provide insights that would be impossible for humans to do on their own. This has led toadvancements in fields such as healthcare, finance, and transportation, improving efficiency and accuracy.However, there are also concerns about the negative effects of technology, such as addiction to social media and the potential loss of jobs due to automation. It is important to find a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of technology and use it responsibly.Overall, technology has greatly impacted our lives in both positive and negative ways. It is up to us to use it wisely and make the most of its benefits while minimizing its negative effects.中文：科技对我们的日常生活产生了深远的影响，从我们的通讯方式到工作方式，甚至娱乐方式都有所改变。
科技题材英文作文模板
科技题材英文作文模板英文：As a technology enthusiast, I am always fascinated by the latest advancements in the field. In my opinion, technology has revolutionized the way we live our lives and has made it easier for us to communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. However, with great power comes great responsibility, and we must use technology wisely to avoid its negative effects.One of the most significant advancements in technology has been the internet. It has connected people from all over the world and has made it possible for us to access information instantly. However, it has also led to the spread of fake news, cyberbullying, and online scams. Therefore, we must be careful about the information we consume and the people we interact with online.Another area where technology has had a significantimpact is healthcare. With the help of technology, doctors can now diagnose and treat diseases more accurately and efficiently. For example, artificial intelligence can analyze medical images and detect abnormalities that might be missed by human doctors. However, we must also be awareof the ethical implications of using technology in healthcare and ensure that it does not lead todiscrimination or privacy violations.In conclusion, technology has brought about manypositive changes in our lives, but we must also be aware of its negative effects and use it responsibly. As the saying goes, "with great power comes great responsibility."中文：作为一名科技爱好者，我总是被这个领域最新的进展所吸引。
英文科技论文写作(专业英语)
更新或改进；基础研究着重理论上的新见解，计算方法的另 辟新径
• 学术性
• 透过对所研究的客体外象的观测，分析探讨其内在本质，将感性认 识进行理论上的深化； • 切忌将一连串现象无分析归纳的无序堆砌，而将论文写成实验报告 或工作总结。
• 真实性
• 错误、虚假、失实将导致论文科学性和学术性的丧失，甚至可能涉 嫌有剽窃行为； • 不凭主观臆断和好恶随意舍取数据和素材，引证他人成果必须给出 出处，但只提取与文章密切相关的重要信息用以引证，
References
• 要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
• 卷号、期数、页数、年份等一定要核对 无误。
一些常见的技术问题
• 不宜使用长句子及不常见的词汇。 • 主从复合句必须有从句也有主句。 • 正确使用名词的单复数
• 不及物动词不可用被动语态。如不可用：was appeared， was occurred等。 • 不宜使用省略式词汇。如：does’nt, should’nt 等。 • 在两个或数个并列成分的最后两个中间加and 连接。
Results and discussion
• 实验结果是整篇论文的基础，因此必须用明白、 流畅的语言陈述你所得到的结果。 • 要求
– 数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；
– 对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑 性、自洽性。
– 语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的 句型和词汇。
Author(s),Affiliation(s)andaddress(es)
• 姓氏和名字要弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
– Ji-HongZhu或JihongZhu
• 单位和地址信息准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息 顺利地与作者联系。
中考作文科技英文范文
中考作文科技英文范文英文：Technology has greatly impacted our lives in many ways. On one hand, it has made our lives more convenient and efficient. For example, we can now easily communicate with people from all over the world through social media and video conferencing. We can also shop online and have items delivered to our doorstep without ever leaving our homes. Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way we learn and work. We can access vast amounts of information and resources through the internet and use various software and tools to increase our productivity.On the other hand, technology has also brought about some negative effects. One of the biggest concerns is the impact on our mental and physical health. We spend too much time staring at screens, which can lead to eye strain and poor posture. Moreover, social media and online gaming addiction have become serious problems that can lead todepression and anxiety. In addition, technology has also contributed to the loss of jobs in certain industries as machines and automation take over.Overall, technology has both advantages and disadvantages. It is up to us to use it wisely and in moderation to avoid the negative effects.中文：科技在许多方面对我们的生活产生了重大影响。
科技类型英文作文
科技类型英文作文英文：Technology is a broad category that encompasses a wide range of fields, including information technology, biotechnology, and engineering. Each of these fields hasits own unique characteristics and applications.Information technology, or IT, is perhaps the mostwell-known type of technology. It includes everything from computer hardware and software to telecommunications networks and internet services. IT is used in a variety of industries, from finance and healthcare to entertainmentand education. For example, I use IT every day to communicate with friends and family, research information, and complete work tasks.Biotechnology, on the other hand, is a rapidly growing field that involves the use of living organisms and biological systems to develop new products and technologies.This field includes everything from genetic engineering and biopharmaceuticals to agricultural biotechnology and environmental biotechnology. Biotechnology has thepotential to revolutionize many industries, such as medicine and food production. For example, scientists are using biotechnology to develop new treatments for diseases like cancer and to create more sustainable and efficient farming practices.Finally, engineering is a field that involves the design, construction, and maintenance of structures, machines, and systems. This field includes everything from civil engineering and mechanical engineering to electrical engineering and aerospace engineering. Engineers use their knowledge of science and mathematics to solve complex problems and create innovative solutions. For example, engineers design and build bridges, airplanes, and smartphones, among other things.中文：科技是一个广泛的范畴，包括信息技术、生物技术和工程技术等多个领域。
有关科技的英语作文模板
有关科技的英语作文以下是一篇有关科技的英语作文：Technology: Shaping Our FutureIn today's rapidly evolving world, technology plays a vital role in shaping our lives and driving progress. It has transformed various aspects of society, offering numerous benefits and opportunities.One of the significant impacts of technology is in the field of communication. We now have instant access to information through the internet and mobile devices, enabling us to connect with people globally at a click of a button.Moreover, technology has revolutionized education. E-learning platforms provide accessible and flexible learning opportunities, breaking down geographical barriers and enabling widespread knowledge sharing.In the healthcare sector, advancements in technology have led to improved diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. From telemedicine to precision medicine, technology is saving lives and enhancing the quality of care.Technology also drives economic growth and innovation. It enables businesses to increase productivity, improve efficiency, and reach new markets, creating employment opportunities and driving progress.However, along with the benefits, there are also challenges associated with technology. Issues such as data privacy, cyber security, and the digital divide need to be addressed.To ensure the positive impact of technology, it is essential to have a balancedapproach. This includes raising awareness about the ethical and social implications, investing in research and development, and fostering collaboration between different stakeholders.In conclusion, technology is an ever-present force that continues to shape our world. By leveraging its potential and addressing its challenges, we can create a more connected, informed, and progressive future.。
学术论文写作报告(英文版)
学术论文写作报告（英文版）Title: An Analysis of Expository Writing in Academic Research PapersAbstract:This report presents a comprehensive analysis of expository writing in academic research papers. The objective of this study is to identify the key components of effective academic writing and provide recommendations for researchers, especially novice writers, to enhance their writing skills. Various sources, including published academic papers and books on the topic, were reviewed and analyzed to support the findings. The report suggests that an organized structure, clear language, logical reasoning, proper citation practices, and adherence to academic writing conventions are essential elements of successful academic writing.1. Introduction:Academic research papers serve as a means of communication among scholars in various disciplines. It is crucial for researchers to present their ideas and findings in a clear and concise manner to facilitate effective knowledge exchange. This report aims to explore the characteristics of expository writing in academic research papers and provide guidelines for researchers to improve their writing skills.2. Organization and Structure:Academic research papers should have a well-organized structure to convey ideas in a systematic manner. The introduction should provide background information and clearly state the research objectives. The body paragraphs should present the mainarguments in a logical and coherent way, supported by relevant evidence. Finally, the conclusion should summarize the findings and provide implications for further research.3. Clarity of Language:Clear and concise language is fundamental in academic writing. Researchers should aim to convey their ideas in a straightforward manner, avoiding jargon and unnecessary complexity. Using simple and precise language helps readers understand the content more easily and efficiently.4. Logical Reasoning:Academic research papers should exhibit a clear and logical flow of thoughts and arguments. Each paragraph should be logically connected to the previous and following ones, and the overall structure should guide readers through the research process. Using appropriate transitions and connecting phrases can improve the coherence and readability of the paper.5. Citation Practices:Proper citation practices are crucial in academic writing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and avoid plagiarism. Researchers should meticulously cite all the sources they have referred to using a recognized citation style, such as APA or MLA. Failure to properly cite sources can result in academic dishonesty and reputational damage.6. Adherence to Academic Writing Conventions:Academic writing follows specific conventions, such as using the third person, avoiding personal opinions, and maintaining a formaltone. Researchers should familiarize themselves with these conventions and ensure their papers adhere to them to maintain the integrity and credibility of their research.7. Conclusion:Effective academic writing requires attention to various elements, including the organization and structure of the paper, clarity of language, logical reasoning, proper citation practices, and adherence to academic writing conventions. Novice researchers can benefit from understanding and implementing these key components, ultimately enhancing the quality and impact of their research papers. Continuous practice and seeking guidance from experienced researchers can further improve their writing skills. 8. Recommendations:To further improve academic writing skills, researchers should actively engage in peer-review processes, attend writing workshops and conferences, and seek feedback from their mentors and colleagues. Writing groups and online forums dedicated to academic writing can also provide valuable support and guidance. In conclusion, this report highlights the importance of expository writing in academic research papers and provides recommendations for researchers to enhance their writing skills. By adhering to the identified key components, novice researchers can produce high-quality academic papers that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.9. Key Components of Effective Academic Writing:9.1. Organization and Structure: A well-organized structure is a key component of effective academic writing. It helps readersnavigate through the research paper and understand the flow of ideas. Researchers should ensure that their papers have a clear and logical structure, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The introduction should provide the necessary background information and context for the research, as well as clearly state the research objectives. The body paragraphs should present the main arguments or findings supported by relevant evidence and analysis. Finally, the conclusion should summarize the key findings and provide implications for future research.9.2. Clarity of Language: Clarity of language is crucial in academic writing. Researchers should strive to communicate their ideas in a clear and concise manner to ensure that readers can easily understand the content. The use of jargon and unnecessary complexity should be avoided. Instead, researchers should use simple and precise language to convey their ideas effectively.9.3. Logical Reasoning: Logical reasoning is a fundamental component of academic writing. Researchers should present their arguments in a logical and coherent manner, providing evidence and analysis to support their claims. Each paragraph should flow logically from one idea to the next, and there should be a clear connection between different sections of the paper. The use of appropriate transition words and phrases can help improve the coherence and readability of the paper.9.4. Proper Citation Practices: Proper citation practices are essential in academic writing to acknowledge the contributions of other researchers and avoid plagiarism. Researchers should carefully and accurately cite all the sources they have referred to intheir papers. This includes both in-text citations and a comprehensive reference list at the end of the paper. Different citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago, have specific guidelines that researchers should follow. Failure to properly cite sources can have serious consequences, including academic misconduct and damage to one's reputation.9.5. Adherence to Academic Writing Conventions: Academic writing follows certain conventions and standards that researchers need to adhere to. These conventions include using the third person, maintaining a formal tone, and avoiding personal opinions unless specifically requested in certain types of papers, such as opinion or reflection pieces. Researchers should familiarize themselves with the specific conventions of their field or discipline and ensure that their writing aligns with these expectations. Adhering to academic writing conventions helps maintain the integrity and credibility of the research.10. Recommendations for Enhancing Academic Writing Skills: 10.1. Seek Peer Review: Peer review is a valuable process for improving academic writing skills. Researchers should actively seek feedback from their peers and colleagues. They can join writing groups or engage in peer review exchanges to receive constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement. Peer review provides an opportunity to identify areas of weakness or confusion in the writing and make necessary revisions.10.2. Attend Writing Workshops and Conferences: Writing workshops and conferences offer researchers the chance to learn from experts in the field and gain insights on effective academicwriting techniques. These events often provide practical tips, strategies, and resources for improving writing skills. Researchers should take advantage of these opportunities to enhance their writing abilities.10.3. Seek Feedback from Mentors and Colleagues: Seeking feedback from experienced mentors and colleagues can be incredibly helpful in improving academic writing skills. These individuals can provide valuable insights and guidance based on their own experiences. Researchers should actively seek their feedback on drafts and revisions to refine their writing.10.4. Practice Regularly: Like any skill, academic writing requires regular practice to improve. Researchers should set aside dedicated time for writing and make it a habit. Regular practice allows researchers to develop their own writing style, become more comfortable with academic writing conventions, and refine their ability to convey complex ideas clearly.10.5. Utilize Writing Resources: Various writing resources are available to researchers to enhance their writing skills. Academic writing books, online tutorials, and writing guides can provide guidance on grammar, style, and organization. Researchers should take advantage of these resources to expand their knowledge and improve their writing.10.6. Seek Guidance from Writing Centers: Many universities and institutions have writing centers or writing support services that offer individualized assistance to researchers. These centers provide guidance on various aspects of academic writing, such asstructure, language, and citation practices. Researchers should utilize these resources to receive specialized support and feedback on their writing.In conclusion, effective academic writing requires attention to various key components, including organization and structure, clarity of language, logical reasoning, proper citation practices, and adherence to academic writing conventions. Novice researchers can enhance their writing skills by implementing these components and by actively seeking feedback, participating in workshops, and practicing regularly. With time and effort, researchers can improve their ability to communicate their ideas effectively through well-crafted academic research papers.。
科学技术作文英文
科学技术作文英文英文：Science and technology have played an increasingly important role in our daily lives. From the invention of the wheel to the development of the internet, science and technology have changed the way we live, work, and communicate.One example of how science and technology have changed our lives is the smartphone. With a smartphone, we can easily communicate with people from all over the world, access information, and even control our home appliances.It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives.Another example is the development of renewable energy. As we face the challenge of climate change, renewable energy has become increasingly important. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power plants are just a few examples of how science and technology are helping usto reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and transition to a more sustainable future.In addition to improving our daily lives, science and technology have also contributed to the advancement of medicine. With the development of new drugs and medical technologies, we are able to treat and prevent diseases that were once considered incurable. For example, the development of vaccines has helped to eradicate diseases such as smallpox and polio.Overall, science and technology have had a profound impact on our lives and will continue to shape our future. As we face new challenges, we will rely on science and technology to help us find solutions and create a better world.中文：科学技术在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
英文科技论文写作与学术报告作业答案
英文科技论文写作与学术报告(2019秋)作业答案第一章1. Which one is NOT included in “logics in writing paper”?A Logical presentation in writing paperB Good language flowC Good structure and clarity in the paperD Good theoretical analysis2. Which is the CORRECT statement in the following?A If the reader want to know the result of the paper, they can read the introduction.B If the reader want to intuitively know the key ideas behind the paper, they should read the introduction.C It's optional that we summarize the contribution of the paper in the "abstract".D If the readers want to know all the glory details, they can read the introduction.3. Which of the following practice we should follow when writing scientific paper in English?A Modesty is a good characteristic in Chinese culture.B When writing scientific paper, we should point out the shortcomings of our research using a specific section.C We should confidently show the contributions of our research.D The English culture is so similar to Chinese that Chinese readers can just follow their culture when writing an English scientific paper.4. What does “delivery” means in the context of writing an Engligh scientific paper?A The meaning of “delivery” is similar to the concept of those delivery companies.B “Delivery” means the contributions of your research.C “Delivery” means how much do the writers know the background of the readers.D The “responsibility of delivery” is on the writer rather than on the reader.5. Which one is the CORRECT expression of “博士后流动站”?A Postdoctoral program.B Post-doctor mobile station.C Post-doctor flow station.D Postdoctoral moving station.6. Which of the following translation is authentic?A 注意安全 ---- take care.B 第一教学楼 ---- teaching building.C 小心落水 ---- fall into water carefully.D 投诉电话 ---- law suit phone number.7. What should we do in writing a scientific paper?A In order to emphasize our views, we should put our strong emotions into the text.B Slightly present our political comments is allowed.C We should follow the mainstream ideas of general public.D We should present facts, theories, proofs, experiments, testing results objectively.8. Which of the following is WRONG about the title of scientific paper?A It normally is not a sentence.B It is better to use the fewest possible words to adequately describes the contents of the paper.C The order of the words in the title is very important.D It is better to use a complete sentence.9. Which of the following is WRONG about the abstract of scientific paper?A It is the summary of the paper.B It is better to use abbreviation to make the abstract shorter.C It describes the key ideas of the paper.D It gives the results of the paper.10. Which is NOT advised in the introduction section?A Clearly explain the background of our research.B Clearly explain the problem we do.C Explain the academic and/or impact.D Using mathematical functions to explain our model.11. Which of the following is RIGHT regarding the literature review?A It is better to comment on the existing work positively.B It is better to comment on the existing work objectively.C It is better to comment on the existing work negatively.D It is better to criticize the results obtained by other researchers to highlight our contributions.12. Which of the following is RIGHT about the references of introduction of scientific paper?A It is better to cite as many foreign references as possible.B It is better to cite many your own previously published papers.C It is better to cite as many domestic references as possible.D Recent references should be cited13. What may the reviewer thinks if you cite too many your own publications?A You really contribute a lot to the community.B Other researchers are not interested in the subject.C You have a say in this research area.D They will think you have sufficient references.14. If the a reference has 5 authors, how many authors should you include in the reference list?A Only the first author.B Only the first and second author.C Only the first and corresponding author.D All five authors.15. What should you do in the “Problem description and formulation”?A If you clearly know the meaning of a variable, it’s ok that it is not defined.B You should present the problem you are trying to solve.C Usually you should describe your system configuration, environment and so on.D You should put the organization of your paper here.16. Which of the following statement is NOT correct?A If you have a theorem, you should put the proof in the section of “methodology.”B In the section of “simulation/numerical result”, you should present the description of the practical or experiment system, description of the data and the associated system.C In the section of “simulation/numerical result”, you can use tables, figures and graph to better present your contribution.D In the conclusion remark or the conclusion, you can just repeat your conclusion remark as the abstract.17. What you can do if you want to show acknowledgment?A It’s not appropriate to put acknowledgment i n the front page.B You can put a separate section of acknowledgment in your paper.C If you acknowledge Albert Einstein, you should thank him based on the fact.D The length of acknowledgment should be strictly constrained.18. Which is CORRECT when you list the references?A It’s ok if you put as many references as you can.B To enrich your paper, you should can list something that is not referred to in your paper.C Every reference you list must be referred in the main text.D It’s proper for you to list many home made references.19. What does “proof reading” mean?A 证明阅读.B 校对.C 证明读物.D 证明在读.20. What is TRUE if at the procedure to submit a paper?A Usually we submit the entire manuscript to a conference or journal.B All conferences require you to submit the abstract first, from which the organizer will determine whether you need to submit the whole text.C We should submit a hard copy to the publisher with your signature.D The reviewers’ comments are not very important when you modify your paper.21. If the publisher sends the proof to you, when should you give a reply?A In about 2 days.B In about 2 weeks.C In about 2 months.D In about 2 years.22. Which of the following may not be the reason to reject a scientific paper?A There are many grammatical mistakes in the paper.B There are many simple sentences in the paper.C There are many direct translations in the paper.D There are some spelling mistakes of authors' names in references.23. Which of the following is TRUE?A Font size should keep consistency only in each paragraph.B Font size should keep consistency only in each part of the paper.C Font size should keep consistency in the entire paper.D It doesn't matter how the font size used.24. Which of the following is TRUE about use of mathematical equations?A It is better to use as many equations as possible.B It is better to use as few equations as possible.C It is better not to use any equations at all.D It is better to have a balanced use of equations.25. Which statement is NOT true?A You should keep consistence in equations and reference format.B You should keep consistence in format of authors of all references.C The format between different paragraphs should be kept the same.D You should not use synonyms in order to keep consistence.26. What is NOT necessary when you want to better write your paper?A Use spelling check to make sure all the words are spelled correctly.B Use grammar check to find out inconsistency.C Carefully check the spellings of the names in references.D Use many hard and complicated sentences to polish your expressions.27. Which of the following author names may NOT be the right format of the reference?A X. Guan, S. Zhang, S. Li, W. WangB Guan, X., Zhang, S., Li, S., Wang, W.C Xiaohong Guan, San Zhang, Si Li, Wu WangD Guan Xiaohong, Zhang, S., S. Li, W. Wang28. Which is NOT the general style of the reviewers?A FrankB BrutalC SarcasticD Implicit29. If the reviewer gives a lot of critical comments and requests for modification, what are the correct attitudes we should have?A The reviewers are giving us hard time on my paper.B The reviewer is incompetent because he cannot understand what I write.C We should modify our paper according to the reviewers’ comments to get our paper published.D The reviewer is biased on me.30. Which one is NOT the good advices on responding to reviewers?A We need to examine carefully all the comments made by the reviewers and the Associate Editor.B We have to differentiate those comments that must be fully addressed from those that are desirable to be addressed.C We only need to address the comments that they are correct as we believe.D We need to respond to EACH and EVERY point raised by the reviewer and the referee.31. In order to help the reviewers save time, we shouldA List our original reviews and the response side by side.B Tell the reviewers that we have modified the paper carefully.C Send back a paper with enough modification to the reviewers.D Just select some critical comments to response.32. Which is the WRONG response to reviewers if we don’t agree with their comments?A We had better not to argue with the reviewer.B Show the reviewers that the main text is revised according to their comments.C If we must disagree with their comments, we should do it very professionally with no rancor or sarcasm.D Ignore those comments or explain what we originally meant.33. Which one is the good action in responding to reviewers?A We explain to the reviews what we have revised to addressed their comments.B If the criticism of the reviewers makes us uncomfortable, we should ignore and try to feel better.C If the reviewers think that the contributions are not enough, we should request the Associate Editor to have other reviewers review our paper.D If the reviewers think that the contributions are not enough, we should have patience, waiting they change mind.34. Which description of the review system is CORRECT?A The author knows the reviewer, but the reviewer doesn’t know the author.B The authors do not know the reviewer, but the reviewer knows the authors.C The reviewers know each other.D The author knows the reviewer, and the reviewer know the author, too.第二章1. What are the CORRECT statements in the following?A Making presentations in English is only important for scholars.B Making presentations in English is only important for businessmen.C Making presentations in English is only important for scholars and businessmen.D Making presentations in English is important for many careers.2. Which of the following is WRONG about making presentations in English?A It can make a good impression.B It can show how smart you are.C It is only necessary when you attend an academic conference.D It may be the turning point in many cases.3. Which is NOT the correct statement in the following?A You should overestimate the audience's capability to show smart they are.B You should assume responsibility of delivery.C You should make a lot of efforts to prepare your slide.D You should make a lot of efforts to practice your presentation.4. Which of the following is WRONG about using Powerpoint to make presentations?A It uses audio and visual channels of communications and more information transfer in the same amount of time.B You cannot make the last minute change under any condition.C Preparing the slides forces you to organize and rehearse you talk and help you uncover weak spots.D You can synchronize with sound recording and presenting without physical presence.5. Which statement is NOT the correct one in the following?A It is better to use multiple slides or the animation feature to control the display of information on your slide.B It is better not to make a slide crowded.C It is better not to copy texts form your thesis to the slide directly.D It is better to put many words in the slide to make your audience get the information clearly.6. Which statement about the font size in the slide is NOT mentioned in the video?A Usually the minimal font size for text is 18 points.B Occasionally in graphics 14 points can be used.C Very rarely the minimal font size for text can be 12 points.D Very rarely in detail graphs you can use 12 points.7. Which is the main function of a road map in your presentation?A To beatify your slides.B To increase the number of your slides.C To tell the audience where your talk is.D To concretely show conclusions of your research.8. Which is NOT the correct statements in the following?A It is OK to change notations half way through a talk by copying those in another talk to save efforts.B When using a graphic notation, make the graphics distinctive and use it repeatedly.C Use one consistent name or label to denote one thing throughout the talk.D Always define things, your problem statement, mathematical symbol, your goal, etc.9. Which of the following may NOT be a necessary part of presenting experimental results?A Conditionals defined.B Procedures detailed.C Diagram labeled.D Conclusions stated.10. For a 30 minutes talk, what is the appropriate number of slides?A No more than 15.B No less than 15.C No more than 10.D No less than 20.11. What is a good presentation?A Use many beautiful animations, but the content is not fulfilled.B The topic of your presentation is interesting in your aspect.C The subject of your presentation is welcomed by the audience.D The words in your slide are of large size to make the audience look clearly.12. Which is the appropriate time of preparing slides according to Prof. Ho of Harvard University?A About 5 minutes per slide with graphics.B About 15 minutes per slide with graphics.C At least 5 minutes to make one slide in presentation.D At least 15 minutes to make one slide in presentation.13. Which is NOT the correct statements in the following?A You can prepare some slides for some expected question.B You can take the questions in the rehearsal as pre-reviews.C You cannot say I don't know even if you don’t have an answer.D You can offer the approach to finding the answer if necessary.14. Which statement is NOT correct about preparing slides for expected questions?A It will impress the audience that how much efforts you made to make this presentation.B From this way you can improve your presentation in the rehearsal.C It may make the audiences difficult to raise new questions.D It can help you answer the questions better.15. What would most probably happen if you read the slides in your presentation?A It seems that you have prepared a lot.B It will make the audience easily to get bored.C It seems that you are not confident enough.D The time you spend in presentation is easily to over the limitation.16. When should you mention your main goal in making presentations?A Mention your main goal early to capture attention of the audience.B Mention your main goal at any time is Ok.C Mention your main goal late to keep audience in suspense.D Never mention your main goal at all.17. Which is NOT the correct statements in the following?A Watch where you stand when you speak.B Keep the laser pointer on all the time to attract the attention of audience.C Don't keep your hands in the pocket.D Record your talk and listen to and view it.18. Which of the following expression is proper for the speaker/audience?A What you are talking about is nothing, but general theory of relativity.B It is a stupid question, my first-year graduate student can answer that.C I have just talked about that, why did you ask such a question again.D It is really a good question, thanks for your asking.19. Which is the CORRECT statement in the following?A The speaker should answer the question before the audience finishes it to save time.B The speaker should not be polite, because it may make others feel that you are not knowledgeable.C The speaker should listen carefully before answering the question.D The speaker should say directly that your question is irrelevant.第三章1. Which statement is WRONG about sharing credit in writing scientific paper?A If your work is built on somebody else’s work, you should state clearly.B There is a harsh punishment for plagiarism.C It is acceptable to write a couple of paragraphs rephrasing other people’s words and provide a simple numbered reference.D If you list the references at the end of the paper, you should cite all the references your listed in the text.2. What should you do if you want to cite a general theory of relativity of Albert Einstein?A Just copy the original words of the theory.B Put quotations on the original words of the theory.C Using your own words to express meaning of the theory without reference.D Simply providing a numbered reference after copying the original words.3. Which of the following is NOT appropriate when you acknowledge others in your paper?A You thank someone sincerely and properly in the acknowledge section of the paper.B A scientist is not related to your paper, but you put his name in your paper because he is very famous worldwide.C If the idea is from other people, you should acknowledge them.D Before you use somebody else’s d ocument, you should ask for permission.4. Which of the following is unacceptable in terms of sharing credit?A If I want to reuse the graph and picture of my paper that has been previously published, I still ask for the permission and copyright from the publisher.B I have to make sure that it is really my work before I claim my contribution in the paper.C I am generous to collaborators in some cases that their contributions are not very clear cut.D I claim in my paper that the idea is just from myself and has nothing to do other discussants so that all the contributions are owing to me.5. What does “take credit” means in the video?A Take your credit card.B Claim your contributions.C Guarantee that your results are credible.D Be honest while discussing with others scholars.6. What do the IEEE journals rely on to determine the order of authorship?A Authors’ contributions.B The alphabet of authors’ names.C Seniority.D Radom.7. What should you do if you don’t know the reference format?A Simply follow the reference format in one of your referenced paper.B Just use your custom reference format.C Follow the instructions of the conference or the journal.D Try a variety of formats in your reference list.8. Which format for citing references is not right?A [10] studies the strategic implications of forward contracting in commodity markets that exhibit an oligopolistic structure.B The strategic implications of forward contracting in commodity markets that exhibit an oligopolistic structure have been studied [10].C Liski and Montero studied the strategic implications of forward contracting in commodity markets that exhibit an oligopolistic structure [10].D Reference [10] studies the dynamic vehicle routing problem.9. Which statement of the following is NOT right about the importance of attending academic conferences?A Academic conference is very important for professors, but it is unworthy for students.B Academic conference is a place where we can exchange ideas and acquire the most up-to-date information and ideas.C We are able to meet colleagues and join the research networks of the academic conference.D There is a career opportunity in attending the conference for students.10. What activities can you choose to participate in during an academic conference?A Plenary and keynote speech.B Panel discussion session.C Paper presentation session.D All the above.11. Which statement in an academic conference is NOT correct?A Panel discussion often discusses the important issues on a specific topic and invites the panelists to sit in front of the stage.B Plenary and keynote speech often discusses the future development and research directions.C Attendants are advised to the plenary and keynote speeches.D Paper presentation requires an author of the paper to present the paper as long as one likes.12. What’s the poster session?A The authors of the paper make a poster in the specified area.B A session with many posters which aim to promote the conference.C If the attendees are interested in your poster, they will buy the poster.D The authors show their contributions using a poster without oral presentation or discussion with others.13. What should you NOT do if you want to meet the session chair?A Submit my bio information before the session starts.B Meet the session chair at authors’ breakfast.C Chat with the session chair during others’ presentation.D Locate my session and be aware of the arrangement ahead of time.14. Which one is not necessary for the authors before making presentations?A Read the program carefully.B Locate your session.C Take part in other sessions.D Be aware of the time and the slot for your presentation.15. What should you NOT do in the session of an academic conference?A Prepare the slides strictly according to the time limit of the schedule.B Answer questions at the session.C Do not show up in the arranged session and others can communicate with me by E-mail.D Meet session chair before the session starts.16. What main benefits you will get if you volunteer to serve the academic community?A Earn money.B No benefits but simply for personal interest.C Build a good relation with the colleagues in your field.D Get offers from famous professors who attend the conference.17. Which one of the following is NOT the reason for a scholar to provide academic service?A Academic service is a way to integrate into the world of science and technology.B Academic service is a way to have an influence in international academic community.C Academic service is paid much.D Academic service proves that you play an important role in academic community.18. What is the benefit from serving as a reviewer for a journal or conference?A Keep one up in the field.B Maintain critical skill.C Enhance curriculum vitae for students.D All the above.19. Which one is NOT included in the reviewing tasks?A Provide rating scales on quality and publishability.B Provide rating scales on the originality or creativity.C Help the authors to modify the paper.D Give comments on the correctness of the method.20. Which statement about reviewer is NOT true?A The reviewer may encourage the author to improve the paper.B If you are a reviewer, you should keep confidentiality.C You are responsible to give comments to the author whether the paper is accepted or rejected.D You only need to be specific and constructive to the beginning authors.21. Which one is not essential to be a good reviewer?A You have to volunteer to be a reviewer first.B You should provide a good review.C You need to have the experience of reviewing papers from all regions.D You should have credibility on reviewing papers.22. What should you do if you want to become an associate editor?A Publish at least five papers in the journal to know the standard and practice.B Have a reputation to provide good reviews in a timely fashion.C Be a leading researcher in a variety of areas with a good list of publications.D Find a good advocate to speak for you, usually a primary editor is enough.23. Which statement about accepting or declining to handle papers is NOT true?A You cannot handle papers only in your narrow areas of expertise.B You cannot accept all the papers in all areas.C You need to handle papers in our primary and secondary areas of expertise.D Once you accept the paper to handle, the first task is to tell the author about this.24. Which statement about securing reviewers is NOT true?A Usually you should assign the review task to the reviewers four to six days ahead.B You should glance over the paper to roughly understand what the paper is about.C In choosing the reviewers, one of the important principle is that we should align the interest of the reviewers with ours.D If you actually need minimum 3 reviewers, you need to properly find five or even six candidate reviewers.25. In order to avoid conflict of interest and preserve confidentiality, what should you do?A Ask the advisor the review students’ paper because the advisor clearly know the paper.B If Reviewer A has total different view to Author B, you should not ask Reviewer A to review Author B’s paper to avoid conflict.C You should let the reviewers and author know each other for better communication.D Send emails to all the reviewers simultaneously for saving effort.26. When you handle the paper and find it interesting, which behavior is correct?A You can just directly use the information.B You should communicate with the author as an associate editor or editor.C You should communicate with the author as a researcher to request to share some information.D You should tell the author that you are handling his paper.27. What should you NOT do to prepare a recommendation or decision letter?A Combine reviewers' comments and your own reading of the paper to provide an appropriate, impartial, and constructive recommendation.B Provide a general comment, and also the specifics of the recommendation, the analysis of the reviews, and justification for your recommendation.C Tell which part to cut, how the paper should be reorganized, how the paper should be revised.D If you recommend to reject the paper, you can simply do it without explanation.28. What is NOT allowed in the recommendation of an associated editor?A Provide a general comment.B Provide the specifics of the recommendation.C Provide the analysis of the reviewer.D Provide the information of all reviewers.29. Which statement about handling the resubmitted paper is NOT true?A We only need to ask the reviewers with critical comments previously on the revised version for conditionally accepted papers.B For revise and resubmit papers, have a mix of new and old reviewers to do a thorough and complete reviews.C We need to ask all the reviewers to handle the conditionally accepted papers.D The reviewers should be provided with the document detailing how the previous comments were addressed.30. As an associate editor or editor, when you suffer some difficulties, what should you do?A Report the difficulties early.B It’s our duty to handle the papers, so we should solv e the difficulties by ourselves.C If you are busy, delay the task of handling papers and do it when you are free.D Simply ask another editor to take place of you.31. Which one is true according to the communication protocol?A Once you receive a request on paper handling, you need to response as soon as possible.B In all journals, the associate editor can directly communicate with editor in chief.C If you are busy with your personal affairs, you can response after the deadline.D Never report progress if it is negative.32. What should you NOT do as the session chair?A You need to read the program carefully and locate your session to chair.B You have to identify your session authors, collect bios information and check the facility before your session starts.C You should control the presentation time and follow the schedule.D When you find there are several authors no show, you should combine the session with somebody else, who is unsigned.33. Which of the statement is TRUE for a conference session chair?A If some attendees registered on site attending a session, invited them to make a presentation.B To stimulate Q AND A, you should appoint one of the audience to ask questions.C To stimulate Q AND A, you should ask a question yourself first.D You should report only the number of attendees to the program committee.第四章1. What are the considerations on choosing research topics?A Demand from social and economic development。
科学与技术的英语开头作文
科学与技术的英语开头作文科学与技术的英语作文。
With the rapid development of science and technology, our world has undergone tremendous changes. Science and technology have brought us a more convenient and comfortable life, and have also changed the way we live and work.Firstly, the advancement of science and technology has greatly improved our living standards. For example, the invention of electricity has brought us a more comfortable living environment. The development of transportation has greatly facilitated our travel. The invention of the Internet has made it possible for us to communicate with people around the world easily and quickly.Secondly, science and technology have also changed the way we work. With the development of automation technology, many jobs that used to be done by people are now done bymachines. This has greatly improved work efficiency and reduced labor costs. At the same time, it has also brought challenges to the job market, and many people have to learn new skills to adapt to the changing job market.Thirdly, science and technology have also brought us many new opportunities. For example, the development of e-commerce has created many new business opportunities. The development of new energy has brought us a new way of energy use. The development of artificial intelligence has opened up new possibilities for human intelligence.However, science and technology also bring challenges and risks. For example, the development of nuclear technology brings the risk of nuclear accidents. The development of artificial intelligence brings the risk of job loss and ethical issues. Therefore, we need to be cautious and responsible when using science and technology, and make sure that they are used for the benefit of humanity.In conclusion, science and technology have brought usmany benefits, but also challenges and risks. We need to continue to promote the development of science and technology, but also pay attention to the potential risks and challenges they bring. Only in this way can we make the best use of science and technology and create a better future for humanity.。
初中英语科技类作文范文
初中英语科技类作文范文English:With the rapid development of technology, science has brought about numerous advancements that have greatly impacted our daily lives. From the invention of smartphones that allow us to communicate with others instantly to the use of artificial intelligence for problem-solving, technology has revolutionized the way we live. In the field of medicine, technology has enabled doctors to perform complex surgeries with precision and accuracy, ultimately saving countless lives. Additionally, the development of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power has allowed us to move towards a more sustainable future, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and combating climate change. Overall, technology has not only improved efficiency and convenience but also provided solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing our world today.Chinese:随着技术的飞速发展，科学带来了许多革新，这些革新对我们的日常生活产生了巨大影响。
关于科技用途与影响的英语作文约一百字左右
关于科技用途与影响的英语作文约一百字左右
Technology has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones and social media to artificial intelligence and smart home devices, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has improved efficiency, connected people across the globe, and opened up new possibilities in various fields. However, technology also brings challenges such as privacy concerns and over-reliance on devices. Despite its impact, technology continues to shape the world and drive innovation in countless ways.
中文翻译：
科技已经改变了我们的生活、工作和交流方式。
从智能手机和社交媒体到人工智能和智能家居设备，科技已成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
它提高了效率，连接了全球各地的人们，并在各个领域开辟了新的可能性。
然而，科技也带来了挑战，如隐私问题和对设备的过度依赖。
尽管其影响巨大，但科技仍在以无数方式塑造世界，并推动创新。
科学和技术英文作文
科学和技术英文作文英文：Science and technology have always been an important part of my life. From a young age, I was fascinated by how things worked and how they could be improved. As I grew older, this fascination only grew stronger.One of the most significant examples of how science and technology have impacted my life is through medicine. Medical advancements have allowed us to cure diseases and illnesses that were once considered incurable. For example, my grandfather was diagnosed with cancer a few years ago, but thanks to advancements in medical treatments, he was able to beat it and is now cancer-free.Another example is how technology has made communication easier and more efficient. With the rise of smartphones and social media, we can now connect with people from all over the world instantly. This has allowedme to maintain relationships with friends and family who live in different parts of the world.However, with all the benefits that science and technology bring, there are also potential downsides. One of the biggest concerns is the impact on the environment. As we continue to develop and use more advanced technologies, we also produce more waste and pollution. It's important for us to find ways to balance our technological advancements with environmental sustainability.中文：科学和技术一直是我生活中重要的一部分。
关于科技的英文作文300字
关于科技的英文作文300字English:Technology has revolutionized our lives in countless ways, making tasks easier, improving communication, and increasing efficiency. From smartphones to artificial intelligence, technology has become an integral part of our daily routine. In the field of medicine, technology has led to advancements in treatments, diagnostics, and surgeries, saving countless lives. In education, technology has transformed the way students learn and teachers instruct, with online resources and distance learning making education more accessible. However, technology also brings challenges such as cybersecurity threats, job displacement, and privacy concerns. It is essential that we continue to innovate responsibly and ethically to harness the full potential of technology for the benefit of humanity.Translated content:科技以无数种方式彻底改变了我们的生活，使任务变得更容易，提高了沟通效率。
《英文科技论文写作与学术报告》测试题答案
英文科技论文写作与学术报告测试题答案第一部分1.Which of the following statement is NOT correct?（0/1分）正确答案：In the conclusion remark or the conclusion,you can just repeat your conclusion remark as the abstract.2.If the a reference has5authors,how many authors should you include in the reference list?（1/1分）正确答案：All five authors.3.What is TRUE if at the procedure to submit a paper?（1/1分）正确答案：Usually we submit the entire manuscript to a conference or journal. 4.Which is NOT the general style of the reviewers?（1/1分）正确答案：Implicit5.In order to help the reviewers save time,we should正确答案：List our original reviews and the response side by side.6.Which one is NOT included in“logics in writing paper”？正确答案:Good theoretical analysis7.If the publisher sends the proof to you,when should you give a reply?（1/1分）正确答案：In about2days.8.Which is CORRECT when you list the references?正确答案：Every reference you list must be referred in the main text.9.What should you do in the“Problem description and formulation”？正确答案：Usually you should describe your system configuration,environmentand so on.10.What may the reviewer thinks if you cite too many your own publications?正确答案：Other researchers are not interested in the subject.第二部分1.Which of the following is WRONG about making presentations in English?正确答案：It is only necessary when you attend an academic conference.2.What are the CORRECT statements in the following?正确答案：Making presentations in English is important for many careers.容并3.Which of the following may NOT be a necessary part of presenting experimental results?正确答案：Procedures detailed.4.Which is NOT the correct statements in the following?正确答案：It is OK to change notations half way through a talk by copying those in another talk to save efforts.5.Which is the main function of a road map in your presentation?？正确答案：To tell the audience where your talk is.正确答案：Very rarely the minimal font size for text can be12points.7.Which is NOT the correct statements in the following?正确答案：Keep the laser pointer on all the time to attract the attention of audience.8.When should you mention your main goal in making presentations?正确答案：Mention your main goal early to capture attention of the audience.9.What would most probably happen if you read the slides in your presentation?正确答案：It will make the audience easily to get bored.10.Which statement is NOT correct about preparing slides for expected questions?正确答案：It may make the audiences difficult to raise new questions.第三部分1.Which of the following is NOT appropriate when you acknowledge others in your paper?（1/1分）正确答案：A scientist is not related to your paper,but you put his name in your paper because he is very famous worldwide.分）正确答案：It is acceptable to write a couple of paragraphs rephrasing other people’ｓwords and provide a simple numbered reference.3.When you handle the paper and find it interesting,which behavior is correct?（1/1分）正确答案：You should communicate with the author as a researcher to request to share some information.4.Which statement of the following is NOT right about the importance of attending academic conferences?（1/1分）正确答案：Academic conference is very important for professors,but it is unworthy for students.5.Which one is NOT included in the reviewing tasks?正确答案：Help the authors to modify the paper.6.Which of the following is unacceptable in terms of sharing credit?正确答案：I claim in my paper that the idea is just from myself and has nothing to do other discussants so that all the contributions are owing to me.7.What should you do if you want to become an associate editor?正确答案：Have a reputation to provide good reviews in a timely fashion.8.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for a scholar to provide academic service?正确答案：Academic service is paid much.9.What activities can you choose to participate in during an academic conference?正确答案：All the above.10.What is the benefit from serving as a reviewer for a journal or conference?正确答案：All the above.第四部分1.Which of the following may NOT be a necessary part of a proposal?正确答案：Detailed algorithms and procedures.2.What are the considerations on choosing research topics?正确答案：All the above3.If you encounter a problem in a different field,which statement is NOT true?（1/1分）正确答案：You just waste your time since it is not your field.4.Which of the following is WRONG about Chinese proposals?（1/1分）正确答案：The973funding emphasizes on the technological innovation, applicability and commercial impact.5.Which is NOT required in“final report and panel review”？正确答案：Future research goals6.When should you present your key ideas when writing proposals?正确答案：In first two pages..7.Which statement of research approach is NOT correct?正确答案：Methodology oriented approach is that we choose topic in mathematical areas..8.Which of the following is NOT advised when you are choosing a research topic?正确答案：Refuse to work in a new area without many references or containing difficult problems.9.Which of the following is NOT the importance of applying funding and writingproposals??正确答案：It’ｓonly important for young researchers..10.Which of the following is NOT the form of interdisciplinary research?正确答案：One from field B works on the problem of field B.。
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Abstract
Abstract：撰写技巧
应大致包括IMRD 结构的论文写作模式； 使用简短的句子, 用词应为潜在的读者所熟悉； 注意表述的逻辑性 , 尽量使用指示性的词语来表达论文的 不同部分(层次), 如使用“研究表明…”表示结果; 使用“通过 对...的分析，认为 …”表示讨论等； 确保摘要的“独立性” 或“自明性”: 尽量避免引用文献、图 表和缩写； 尽量避免使用化学结构式、数学表达式、角标和希腊文等 特殊符号； 可适当强调研究中的创新、重要之处; 尽量包括论文的主 要论点和重要细节(重要的论证或数据)
Discussion
“讨论”的重点在于对研究结果的 解释和推断, 并说明作者的结果 是否支持或反对某种观点、是否 提出了新的问题或观点等；
“Selling” my data!
撰写讨论时要避免含蓄, 尽量做 到直接、明确, 以便审稿人和读 者了解论文为什么值得引起重视 （Place your results in a wider context）
Materials and Methods: 写作要点
明确描述实验对象的选择, 医学论文中还应说明实验过程是 否符合伦理学要求； 详细描述实验方法和实验步骤：实验试剂的规格、批号、型 号、制造厂家名称、厂址（城市名）等； 准确地记载所采用药物和化学试剂的名称、剂量、给药途径; 列举建立方法的参考文献，并做简要描述（但不需全部重复 描述）; 如果对已有方法进行了新的或实质性的改进，就要清楚地说 明改进的理由，并且对这些方法的使用限度应给以评价
Conclusion - 结 论
有时也可将“结论”单独列为一节（通常情况下, 有关 结论的内容都包括在“讨论” 或“结果与讨论”中）； “结论”中的基本内容: ⎯ 作者本人研究的主要认识或论点（包括最重要的 结果、结果的重要内涵、对结果的认识等）; ⎯ 总结性地阐述本研究结果可能的应用前景、研究 的局限性及需要进一步深入的研究方向; ⎯ 结论中不应涉及前文不曾指出的新事实, 也不能 在结论中简单地重复摘要、引言、结果或讨论等章 节中的句子
Materials and Methods
“材料和方法”部分应清楚、准确描述是如何获得研 究结果的； 对方法的描述要详略得当、重点突出： ⎯ 包括所有必要的细节(以便他人能够重复实验); ⎯ 不能遗漏重要文献； ⎯ 描 述 要 准 确 (“room temperature” is not an accurate description); ⎯ 参考拟投稿期刊的表达方式
Title
题名 ⎯ 以最少数量的单词来充分表述论文的内容 题名的作用 ⎯ 吸引读者. 题名相当于论文的“标签”(label), 题名如果 表达不当, 就会失去其应有的作用, 使真正需要它的读者错 过阅读论文的机会； ⎯ 帮助文献追踪或检索. 文献检索系统多以题名中的主题 词作为线索, 因而这些词必须要准确地反映论文的核心内容, 否则就有可能产生漏检
投稿信(cover letter)的写作
Hale Waihona Puke 简短明了、重点突出, 最好不要超过一页； 投稿信的基本内容： ⎯ 稿件的栏目类型; ⎯ 建议的审稿人或需回避的审稿人； ⎯ 联系人或通讯作者详细的联系地址、电话号码、Email地址、传真号码
如何推荐审稿人？
引文的作者; 期刊的编委; 重要的研究群体或个人： ⎯ 与期刊主办单位的关系， ⎯ 否曾经是期刊的作者， ⎯ 知名度
投稿一般注意事项
务必遵照期刊的要求将期刊投寄给指定的收稿人或收稿单 位(期刊的编辑部、编委会、主编、执行编委或助理编辑)； 仔细检查稿件内容并确保满足拟投稿期刊的全部投稿要求 (投稿前需要检查的项目); 与编辑部联系的所有信件（包括磁盘、打印稿或复印件 等）, 都应标注联系作者的姓名; 在磁盘上标明电子文档使用的是哪种软件、哪种版本, 并以 打印件的形式附带一份磁盘中的文件名清单, 并列出各文件 的具体内容
英文科技论文写作
概 要
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选题、调研与阅读文献 英文科技论文结构 英文科技论文各部分写作 选择期刊与投稿 总结
为什么要发表学术论文
学术论文是记录、保存、交流和传播科研成果及学术思想 的重要形式
Publish or perish (发表或者灭亡) — 科研成果：如果没有发表，就等于不曾存在； — 科研人员：没有论著发表，职业生涯将难以为继
There are three necessary steps in useful research： the first to begin it, the second to end it and the third to publish it. —— M. Faraday
我们所有的思考、分析、实验和数据收集工作, 在撰写论文 之前, 就什么也不算. 在学术领域, 我们的成果是以写出的 东西来体现的, 出版物就像硬通货币, 是学术成果的基本表 现形式...... 如果结果没有公开发表, 就等于没有做实验, 这是不言而喻的事情.
Discussion：基本内容
回顾研究的主要目的或假设, 并探讨所得到的结果 是否符合原来的期望？如果没有的话, 为什么？ 概述最重要的结果, 并指出其是否与先前的假设或 其他学者的结果一致; 如果不一致的话, 为什么？ 对结果提出说明、解释或猜测; 根据这些结果, 能 得出何种结论或推论？ 指出研究的局限性以及这些局限对研究结果的影响; 并建议进一步的研究题目或方向; 指出结果的理论意义(支持或反驳相关领域中现有的 理论、对现有理论的修正)和实际应用
遵循拟投稿期刊的体例要求
科技论文写作经验
科技论文写作经验
科技论文写作经验
科技论文写作经验
投稿前需要检查的项目
是否满足期刊所要求足够份数的原件和复印件; 通讯作者详细的通信地址、E-mail地址、电话号码; 论文的字数、摘要的格式等是否符合刊物的要求; 表格和插图分别单独打印, 并按其在论文中出现的 先后顺序连续编号; 确保参考文献目录中的各著录项准确且完整无缺; 并且在正文中分别有引用标注; 其他：注明正文的字数; 附寄所有作者签名的声明 信 (贡献单)；说明已获得所有致谢人的书面同意; 附寄所有直接引用资料的书面同意函, 等等
⎯ “ 引 言 ” 要 与 “ 讨 论 ” 形 成 “ 呼 应 ” 关 系 (Use your Discussion as a guideline)
Introduction：注意事项
应引用“最相关”的文献以指引读者. 力戒刻意回避引用最重 要的相关文献(甚至是对作者研究具有某种“启示”性意义的 文献)； 避免不恰当地大量引用作者本人的文献； 解释或定义专门术语或缩写词, 以帮助编辑、审稿人和读者 阅读与理解； 叙述前人工作的欠缺以强调自己研究的创新时, 应慎重且留 有余地
Introduction
引言的基本内容
介绍研究背景 提出研究问题 阐述研究目的 指明论文创新点
Introduction
综述研究背景：概述本项工作的研究或观察的理论基 础，给出简明的理论或研究背景，一定要列举重要的 相关文献；
指出存在问题：说明为什么要做这项工作； 阐述研究目的：说明有别于他人的“主意” (Write for a range of interested scientists)
Results
对实验或观察结果的表达要高度概括和提炼； 数据表达可采用文字与图表相结合的形式(文字? 图? 表? 顺序?)； 为帮助读者的理解，可适当评论原始数据(对结 果的说明、解释、与理论模型或他人结果的比 较等)
Results：注意事项
按逻辑顺序描述或总结重要的观察结果； 凡用文字已能说明的问题，就尽量不用图表再复 述；不要同时用表和图重复同一数据； 尽可能列出“结果”的原始数据，而不能只报道统计 处理后的数据； 照片图必须具备高清晰度，显微照片的放大倍数应 使用图示法(标尺刻度)表示，照片中的符号、字母、 数字等，必须在图注中详细说明；如果使用人像， 要使其不能为他人所辨认，否则，必须征得研究对 象本人的书面同意
Title: 基本要求
准确(Accuracy)：准确地反映论文的内容； 简洁(Brevity)：中文最好不超过20个汉字，英文最好不超过 10(12个单词)； 清楚(Clarity)：清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色, 力求简 洁有效、重点突出 ⎯ 尽可能将表达核心内容的主题词放在题名开头； ⎯ 慎重使用缩略语； ⎯ 避免使用化学式、上下角标、特殊符号(数字符号、希腊 字母等)、公式、不常用的专业术语和非英语词汇(包括拉丁 语)等
结果、讨论与结论的侧重
结
果: 介绍研究结果(必要时应使用图表)；对重要 论: 探讨所得到的结果与研究目的或假设的关
研究结果的描述和说明;
讨
系、与他人研究结果的比较与分析；对研究结果的 解释(是否符合原来的期望)；重要研究结果的意义 (推论); 研究展望;
结
论: 主要认识或论点; 概述研究成果可能的应用
—— D. Kennedy
发表科学论文存在的困难
如何克服困难
概 要
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