GATE-浇口设计
注塑模具浇口的设计方法
注塑模具浇口的设计方法浇口等的相关位置图4.1. 浇口等的相关位置注道(sprue)流道(runner)浇口(gate) 阴模(cavity) 滞料部(cold slugwell) 的相关位置如图4.1所示。
流道横截面形状有圆形,半圆,梯形。
圆形是流动阻碍力是最小也是最普遍的一种。
表4.1中显示了圆形流道的直径和长度以及产品厚度的关系。
关于半圆形和梯形流道的深度h和宽度W、B、半径r之间的关系如图4.2所示。
浇口种类浇口横截面形状种类图4.3. 浇口横截面形状种类浇口位置的选择Ⅰ. 根据产品性能∙设计:外观上无浇口印迹,即使留有加工印迹也要在不明显的位置。
∙尺寸精度:加工齿轮,轴承等对圆形要求十分重视的成型品时,需要将成型材从中心注入。
尺寸精度要求严格的部分不能装置浇口。
∙强度:推断熔接线产生的位置,评估强度如何。
如若有问题就改变浇口位置。
Ⅱ. 根据模具数量是单个还是多个组成流道,阴模配置,聚合物的注塑压力所导致开模压力仍是否平衡等。
如果开模压力过于集中,则会产生应变,模具会歪曲。
Ⅲ. 根据加工的所需的经济性是否采用模具需要分成三部分的点浇口,还是采用不要加工的沉陷式浇口,还是进行普通浇口。
Ⅳ. 根据材料成型性材料的流动性,耐热变色性,成型应变等来决定浇口的种类和浇口的位置。
浇口平衡性熔融聚合物一般可以全部同时打到阴模上的浇口处,所以必须设计阴模能够同时被聚合物填满。
浇口平衡性差的情况下,会发生留痕,凹痕等外观问题,且各成型品中会存在强度差异。
Ⅰ. 平衡阴模配置如图4.4~图4.5所示,是流道均衡运行,全部的浇口需要同时到位。
但是此时流道相对性太长,是一个不足之处。
图4.4 浇口平衡图4.5. 浇口平衡Ⅱ. 改变浇口很横截面积采用一般流道的情况下,改变各浇口的横截面积,进行均匀填充取得浇口平衡。
各浇口的横截面积可通过以下的公式得出。
其中,W:(g)流道通过聚合物的重量SG : (mm2)浇口横截面积: (mm)到浇口位置的流道长度: (mm)浇口面的长度K: 根据聚合物的性质,模具等对应的常熟问题案例如同下图所示的流道。
注塑常用英语
注塑常用英语Modified by JACK on the afternoon of December 26, 2020一、浇口(入水):gate浇口进入位置:gate location浇口形式:gate type大水口(2板模):edge gate, side gate细水口(3板模):pin-point gate浇口大小:gate size转开关流道:switching runner/gate唧嘴直径:sprue diameter二、流道:runner热流道:hot runner,hot manifold温控箱:temperature controller热嘴冷流道:hot sprue/cold runner唧嘴直流:direct sprue gate圆形流道:round(full/half) runner模流道电脑分析:mold flow analysis流道平衡:runner balance热嘴:hot sprue热流道板:hot manifold发热管:cartridge heater探温针:thermocouples插头:connector plug插座:connector socket密封/封料:seal三、运水:water line喉塞:line plug喉管:tube塑胶管:plastic tube快速接头:jiffy quick connector plug/socket 四、模具零件:mold components三板模:3-plate mold二板模:2-plate mold导柱(边钉/导边):leader pin/guide pin导套(边司):bushing/guide bushing?顶针板:ejector retainer plate托板:support plate螺丝:screw管销(管钉):dowel pin内模管位锁:core/cavity inter-lock顶针:ejector pin司筒:ejector sleeve司筒针:ejector sleeve pin推板:stripper plate缩呵:movable core,return core,core puller 扣机(尼龙拉勾):nylon latch lock斜顶:lifter模胚(架):mold base上内模:cavity insert下内模:core insert行位(滑块):slide镶件:insert压座(斜鸡):wedge,heeled block耐磨板/油板:wedge wear plate压条:guide way plate?模顶(撑头):support pillar唧嘴:sprue bushing挡板:stop plate定位圈:locating ring锁扣:latch扣鸡:parting lock set推杆:push bar栓打螺丝: head shoulder screw)杯头螺丝: head cap screw)活动臂:lever arm分流锥:sprue separator垃圾钉:stop pin水隔片:buffle弹弓柱:spring rod弹弓:die spring中托司:ejector guide bush中托导套(边):ejector guide pin镶针:insert pin波子弹弓:ball catch喉塞:pipe plug行位斜导柱:angle pin斜顶杆:angle ejector rod?复位键/提前回杆:early return bar气阀:valves五、术语:terms承压平面平衡:parting surface support balance模排气:parting line venting回针碰料位:return pin and cavity interference模闭合总厚度:mold base shut height顶针碰运水:water line interferes with ejector pin料位出上(下)模:part from cavity (core) side模胚原身出料位:cavity direct cut on A-plate,core direct cut on B-plate. 不准用镶件: do not use (core/cavity) insert用铍铜做镶件: use beryllium copper insert初步(正式)模图设计:preliminary (final) mold design反呵:reverse core弹弓压缩量:spring compressed length强度不够:insufficient rigidity均匀冷却:even cooling扣前模:sticking热膨胀:thermo expansion公差:tolerance铜电极(铜公):copper electrode石墨电极:graphite electrode夹线:weld line翘曲:warpage缺胶:short shot困气:air trap毛刺:flash,burr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~模具述语一、入水:gate进入位:gate location水口形式:gate type大水口:edge gate细水口: pin-point gate水口大小:gate size转水口:switching runner/gate唧嘴口径:sprue diameter二、流道: runner热流道:hot runner,hot manifold热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate圆形流道:round(full/half runner流道电脑分析:mold flow analysis流道平衡:runner balance热嘴:hot sprue热流道板:hot manifold发热管:cartridge heater探针: thermocouples插头:connector plug插座: connector socket密封/封料: seal三、运水:water line喉塞:line lpug喉管:tube塑胶管:plastic tube快速接头:jiffy quick connector plug/socker 四、模具零件:mold components三板模:3-plate mold二板模:2-plate mold边钉/导边:leader pin/guide pin边司/导套:bushing/guide bushing中托司:shoulder guide bushing中托边L:guide pin顶针板:ejector retainner plate托板:support plate螺丝: screw管钉:dowel pin开模槽:ply bar scot内模管位:core/cavity inter-lock顶针:ejector pin司筒:ejector sleeve司筒针:ejector pin推板:stripper plate缩呵:movable core,return core core puller 扣机(尼龙拉勾):nylon latch lock斜顶:lifter模胚(架): mold base上内模:cavity insert下内模:core insert行位(滑块): slide镶件:insert压座/斜鸡:wedge耐磨板/油板:wedge wear plate压条:plate?撑头: support pillar唧嘴: sprue bushing挡板:stop plate定位圈:locating ring锁扣:latch扣鸡:parting lock set推杆:push bar栓打螺丝:顶板:eracuretun活动臂:lever arm分流锥:spure sperader水口司:bush垃圾钉:stop pin隔片:buffle弹弓柱:spring rod弹弓:die spring中托司:ejector guide bush中托边:ejector guide pin镶针:pin销子:dowel pin波子弹弓:ball catch喉塞: pipe plug锁模块:lock plate斜顶:angle from pin斜顶杆:angle ejector rod尼龙拉勾:parting locks活动臂:lever arm复位键、提前回杆:early return bar气阀:valves斜导边:angle pin术语:terms承压平面平衡:parting surface support balance模排气:parting line venting回针碰料位:return pin and cavity interference模总高超出啤机规格:mold base shut hight顶针碰运水:water line interferes withejector pin料位出上/下模:part from cavith (core) side模胚原身出料位:cavity direct cut on A-plate,core direct cut on B-plate. 不准用镶件: Do not use (core/cavity) insert用铍铜做镶件: use beryllium copper insert初步(正式)模图设计:preliinary (final) mold design反呵:reverse core弹弓压缩量:spring compressed length稳定性好:good stability,stable强度不够:insufficient rigidity均匀冷却:even cooling扣模:sticking热膨胀:thero expansion公差:tolorance铜公(电极):copper electrode~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Surface Appearance 外观Glossiness/gloss finish 光洁度Matt finish/matt surface 毛面Glass fiber rich surface/glass emergence on the surface 玻纤外露Blooming/surface blooming 表面析出White patches on surface 表面白斑Silver marks/silver streak 银纹Splay mark 水纹Flow mark 流纹Weld line 溶结纹Brittle/brittleness 脆Bubbles/trapped gas 气泡Void 孔Burn marks 烧伤FR failed 阻燃不合格Flame rating V-2 阻燃V-2Poor dispersion 分散不好FR/PTFE …agglomerates etc 阻燃剂/PTFE…结块Pellet porous 粒子不密/蜜蜂窝Low impact/tensile etc 物理性能低High flow/filler content etc 流动性/填充…过高Longs/fines/doubles 长粒/碎屑/连粒Poor cut 粒形不好Bristle/voids 表面有小气泡/孔Glass bundles 玻纤结团Product was rejected due to 产品不能接受因为… High moisture level 高水分Warpage/warped 翘曲Shrinkage/shrink 收缩Sink marks 缩影Short shot/short molding 打不满Distortion 变形Over dimension 尺寸过大Under dimension 尺寸过小Flashing 飞边Discoloration 变色Off color 颜色差异Flow rate 流动率Viscous 粘High flow 高流动Low flow 低流动Sticky 粘Mold release 脱模Antioxidant 抗氧剂Flame retardant agent 阻燃剂Heat stabilizer 热稳定剂Chopped glass fiber 短切玻纤Roving glass fiber 粗纱/长玻纤Glass beads 玻璃微珠Milled fiber 碾磨纤Molybdenum disulfide/moly/MoS2 二硫化钼Colorant 着色剂Pigment 颜料Dye 染料Accepted product specification 接受产品规格Approved our product 认可我们的产品Re-set spec 重新定标准Add in extra … 添加多一点…Reduced … content 减少…含量Dropped/reduced … by x%减少…含量…%Confirmed color standard 确认颜色标准Approved color standard 认可颜色标准Re-confirmed color standard 重新确认颜色标准Qualified our product 认可我们的产品Undergoing heat aging test 在做热老化实验Product is under testing 产品在测试当中Received first order 接了第一个定单Expected to finish by … 预计在…完成Expected order is xMT 预计定单量…吨Estimated annual/monthly consumption 预计年/月用量。
浇口及流道设计GATE_RUN_DESIGN
凸耳澆口(Tab Gate)
澆口先進應力中的產品
應力集中在凸片
Tab
Gate
直接澆口(Sprue Gate)
豎膠道直接進入產品 在決定產品澆口尺寸由大到小縮減 幾何圖形使用Beams
隔膜澆口(Diaphragm Gate)
使用澆口在產品的內部直徑裡 通常在產品有較薄區域 使用於薄殼元素
難以達成
不建議 模型建立是由薄殼及Beams組成
潛伏式澆口(Submarine Gate)
圓錐形澆口, 與分模線以下的產品相交 典型常用 入口直徑約為平均厚度25% ~ 75%
Parting Line
香蕉形澆口(Cashew Gate)
彎曲潛入式澆口 加工困難
針點式澆口(Pin Gate)
Flow channel
Gate geometry varies widely depending on drop style and usage
閥澆口(Valve Gate)
與熱澆道類似, 但是由一個銷釘關閉這個澆口孔口 在週期期間銷釘能夠控制不同時間之開與關 模型建立使用Beams
Valve pin
如果沒有做流道分析,通常流道尺寸往往比實 際需求更大 材料 成型時間 錢!!
一般所建議的流道直徑
Material
Diameter mm inch
ABS, SAN 5.0-10.0 3/16-3/8
Acetal
3.0-10.0 1/8-3/8
Acrylic
8.0-10.0 5/16-3/8
Nylon
指定澆口位置
手動建立流道系統與多模穴複製 設定形狀因子與建立
對稱形多模穴模具
指定產品形狀因子與建立對稱形多模穴
充填系统-浇口(Gate)形式
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
Gate 形式
針點澆口:三板模的流道撥料板必須要有冷卻,gate大小至 少ψ0.8~1.6mm
L:0.5 ~ 0.75 mm t:零件壁厚
d 澆口直徑
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
Gate 形式
潛伏式澆口:gate大小至少ψ0.8~1.2mm,冷料的長度 要大於gate的長度
a.流動比必須在材料特有數值以下始可。 b.防止噴流紋(jetting)的產生。 c.減少熔接線所引致的缺陷。 d.成形材料流動線的平滑,可減少成形品的變形。
e.選定在不要求機械強度的位置。
f.考慮成形品外觀的不良,要設定在容易加工的位置。
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
澆口數量
每增加一個澆口,至少增加一條熔接線,同時增加一個澆 口痕跡、增加流道的體積以及增加較多的積風。 在型腔能夠完滿充填的前提下,澆口數目是愈少愈好。 為了減少澆口數目,每一澆口應就塑料流動所能及的流長/ 壁厚比之內,找出可以涵蓋最大零件面積的進澆位置。
差的 Poor
好的 Good
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
Gate 形式
澆口設計:使用击片澆口以避免噴流
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
Gate 形式
澆口設計:正確的澆口位置避免噴流
差的 Poor
好的 Good
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
Gate 形式
澆口設計:適當的澆口形狀以避免噴流
差的 Poor
示意圖 機種別:NEO RSM
綠點高新科技股份有限公司
Side Gate (側向澆口)
最為廣泛使用的澆口形式,澆口與成型品分離容易,多模 穴模具較容易獲得澆口平衡
示意圖 機種別: NEO RSM
浇囗的设计
流道直径与长度关系 流道直径与长度有关, 流程越长, 直径越大. 同时考虑流道要尽量细,尽量短.每种胶料都有一 个最小直径要求, 小过最细直径时塑料不能流到 模腔.流道直径一般比成品胶位厚1.0mm.避免流道 塑料比成品先凝固而不能保压.
例如胶位为 0.060″--.080″时, 流道直径需为3/32″ 0.100″--.125″时, 流道直径需为5/32″ 0.150″时, 流道直径需为3/16″=4.7cm 0.200″时, 流道直径需为1/4(加一次分流) 下表为不同胶料与流道直径之关系. (流道每转 向一次,流道切面面积要加多20%)
因此大水口印可以减细,只要将上述唧咀的呎寸改 小.但唧咀的直径受炉咀直径的影响,而水口要易 于出模的关系,脱模角不能少过3度。所以只有唧 咀长度可以减短,用加长炉咀即可。
侧面浇口 侧面浇口是一般常用的浇口,它的结构最为简单.只是在工 模的一边加工此浇口,藉此将流道及成品连接. 如图二 优点 : (i) 切面面积简单,容易加工, (ii)浇口的尺寸大小容易准确控制及快捷改良 (iii)当塑料充填时,成品容易控制,易受浇口冷却凝固影 响及 (iv)所有的塑料适合彩此种浇口. 缺点 : 成品表面有明显的水口瑕玭. 浇口的尺寸 : W=浇口, h=浇口深度, L=浇口长度
浇口的种类 为获得最佳填状况,须小心选择浇口的类型.常 见的浇口有下列各类:如下图.
浇口系统的设计 直接浇口或大水口 主流道直接供应塑料到制成品.主流道黏附 在制成品上.在两板的工模.大水口通常是一 出 一只,但在三板模或热流道工模的设计上,可以 一出多只。 缺点:在制成品表面形成水口印会影响成品 外观.而水口印大小在于 (i)唧咀的细直径孔 (ii)唧咀的脱模角 (iii)唧咀的长度
浇囗的设计
浇口及流道设计GATERUNDESIGN.
Flow channel
Gate geometry varies widely depending on drop style and usage
閥澆口(Valve Gate)
與熱澆道類似, 但是由一個銷釘關閉這個澆口孔口 在週期期間銷釘能夠控制不同時間之開與關 模型建立使用Beams
Valve pin
使用在三板模模具 非常小的孔洞 模型建立使用Beams 孔洞直徑約為0.25~ 1.5 mm
Drop blue Gate, Yellow
熱澆道(Hot drop)
直接將熔膠材料送到產品 熱澆道形式決定了澆口幾
何造型與尺寸 孔口尺寸是重要關鍵,它控
制噴口塑料不會流出 模型建立使用Beams
指定澆口位置
手動建立流道系統與多模穴複製 設定形狀因子與建立
對稱形多模穴模具
指定產品形狀因子與建立對稱形多模穴
選擇整個產品 按滑鼠右鍵 > Properties 在表列將所有屬性形狀因子(Occurence)設定為4
建立澆口
放大塑膠入口點區域 刪除塑膠入口點 建立澆口曲線
Relative 0, -3.175, –3.175 設定建立冷流道澆口
冷卻時間
冷卻時間建議保壓問題 決定流道系統80%最小冷卻時間或產品冷卻時間
時間 vs.壓力結果
如果沒壓力平衡與它 有關係嗎?時間比率低 於 0.04 秒!!
這個充填平衡足 夠好嗎?
這結果獲得3% 的時間不平 衡性與2%的壓力不平衡性
修改流道尺寸
在案例中如執行流道平衡分析,將會自動修改流道 尺寸且會在分析子目錄後面註解(runner balance)
保壓切換F/P
使用充填體積%, 設定 100%
模具英语
spare molds location模具备品仓
skid/pallet栈板
tox machine自铆机
wire EDM线割
EDM放电机
coil stock卷料
sheet stock片料
tolerance工差
score=groove压线
cam block滑块
barcode条形码
flow chart流程窗体
assembly组装
stamping冲压
molding成型
spare parts=buffer备品
coordinate坐标
dismantle the die折模
auxiliary fuction辅助功能
poly-line多义线
隔片:buffle
弹弓柱:spring rod
弹弓:die spring
中托司:ejector guide bush
中托边:ejector guide pin
镶针:Insert pin
销子:dowel pin
波子弹弓:ball ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱatch
喉塞: pipe plug
定位圈:location ring
锁扣:latch
扣鸡:parting lock set
推杆:push bar
塞打螺丝:S.H.S.B
顶板:eracuretun
活动臂:lever arm
分流锥:spure sperader
水口司:bush
垃圾钉:stop pin
ram连杆
edge finder巡边器
水口大小:gate size
Gate_种类及特点
1.浇口痕迹明显。
主要用于圆 筒形或中间 带有孔的制 品。
1.制件上带有拼 合缝,影响制件强 度。
成型圆筒型 和圆周等分 型产品塑件。
Overlap-side Gate
交跌式 浇口
1.浇口切除困难; 2. 浇口痕迹明显; 3.冷料道区域形 成生产废料。
用于成型侧 面外观重要 的产品。
Curve Gate
用于成型料流较长 的壳类塑件,如尺寸 较大彩电的后壳。
R&D CENTER MOLD PART
特 优 点
备
注
Common-side Gate
普通 侧浇口
一般开设在分模面上, 从型腔外侧面进料。 1.形状简单,加工方便; 2.去除浇口容易。
1.注塑压力损失大; 2.保压补缩作用比直 浇口小; 3.对壳制品排气不方 便,容易形成熔接线。
Side
Gate
Pin-side Gate
点式 侧浇口
1. 浇口位置限制小; 2.浇口痕跡小; 3.开模时浇口可自动拉 断,有利于自动化操作; 4.剪切速率高,产品外观 好。
常用来成型平直 的大面积薄壁塑 件。如壳类,横 梁类产品。
1.浇口切除困难 且痕迹明显; 2.冷料道区域形 成生产废料。
成型横向尺寸较 大的薄片状平板 类塑件。
Diaphragm Gate
隔片式 浇口
1.浇口切除困难 且痕迹明显; 2.冷料道区域形 成型圆筒型塑件。 成生产废料。
R&D CENTER MOLD PART
Point Gate
点浇口
1.浇口尺寸小,充模阻 1.由于浇口很小,熔体通 力大; 过点浇口时流速增加,前 2.冷凝快,不利于补缩。 后压大,提高了充模速度, 3.就薄壁塑件而言,澆 从而获得外表清晰,有光 口附近剪切速率(Shear 泽的制品; Rate)過高,残余应力 2.自动拉断浇口,残留痕 大,容易开裂,可局部 迹小。 增加澆口处塑件壁厚; 4.限于三板式模具。
注塑常用英语
一、浇口(入水):gate浇口进入位置:gate location浇口形式:gate type大水口(2板模):edge gate, side gate细水口(3板模):pin-point gate浇口大小:gate size转开关流道:switching runner/gate唧嘴直径:sprue diameter二、流道:runner热流道:hot runner,hot manifold温控箱:temperature controller热嘴冷流道:hot sprue/cold runner唧嘴直流:direct sprue gate圆形流道:round(full/half) runner模流道电脑分析:mold flow analysis流道平衡:runner balance热嘴:hot sprue热流道板:hot manifold发热管:cartridge heater探温针:thermocouples插头:connector plug插座:connector socket密封/封料:seal三、运水:water line喉塞:line plug喉管:tube塑胶管:plastic tube快速接头:jiffy quick connector plug/socket 四、模具零件:mold components三板模:3-plate mold二板模:2-plate mold导柱(边钉/导边):leader pin/guide pin导套(边司):bushing/guide bushing顶针板:ejector retainer plate托板:support plate螺丝:screw管销(管钉):dowel pin内模管位锁:core/cavity inter-lock顶针:ejector pin司筒:ejector sleeve司筒针:ejector sleeve pin推板:stripper plate缩呵:movable core,return core,core puller扣机(尼龙拉勾):nylon latch lock斜顶:lifter模胚(架):mold base上内模:cavity insert下内模:core insert行位(滑块):slide镶件:insert压座(斜鸡):wedge,heeled block耐磨板/油板:wedge wear plate压条:guide way plate模顶(撑头):support pillar唧嘴:sprue bushing挡板:stop plate定位圈:locating ring锁扣:latch扣鸡:parting lock set推杆:push bar栓打螺丝:S.H.S.S.(socket head shoulder screw) 杯头螺丝:S.H.C.S.(socket head cap screw)活动臂:lever arm分流锥:sprue separator垃圾钉:stop pin水隔片:buffle弹弓柱:spring rod弹弓:die spring中托司:ejector guide bush中托导套(边):ejector guide pin镶针:insert pin波子弹弓:ball catch喉塞:pipe plug行位斜导柱:angle pin斜顶杆:angle ejector rod复位键/提前回杆:early return bar气阀:valves五、术语:terms承压平面平衡:parting surface support balance模排气:parting line venting回针碰料位:return pin and cavity interference模闭合总厚度:mold base shut height顶针碰运水:water line interferes with ejector pin料位出上(下)模:part from cavity (core) side模胚原身出料位:cavity direct cut on A-plate,core direct cut on B-plate.不准用镶件:do not use (core/cavity) insert用铍铜做镶件:use beryllium copper insert初步(正式)模图设计:preliminary (final) mold design反呵:reverse core弹弓压缩量:spring compressed length强度不够:insufficient rigidity均匀冷却:even cooling扣前模:sticking热膨胀:thermo expansion公差:tolerance铜电极(铜公):copper electrode石墨电极:graphite electrode夹线:weld line翘曲:warpage缺胶:short shot困气:air trap毛刺:flash,burr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~模具述语一、入水:gate进入位:gate location水口形式:gate type大水口:edge gate细水口:pin-point gate水口大小:gate size转水口:switching runner/gate唧嘴口径:sprue diameter二、流道: runner热流道:hot runner,hot manifold热嘴冷流道: hot sprue/cold runner唧嘴直流: direct sprue gate圆形流道:round(full/half runner流道电脑分析:mold flow analysis流道平衡:runner balance热嘴:hot sprue热流道板:hot manifold发热管:cartridge heater探针: thermocouples插头:connector plug插座:connector socket密封/封料:seal三、运水:water line喉塞:line lpug喉管:tube塑胶管:plastic tube快速接头:jiffy quick connector plug/socker 四、模具零件:mold components三板模:3-plate mold二板模:2-plate mold边钉/导边:leader pin/guide pin边司/导套:bushing/guide bushing中托司:shoulder guide bushing中托边L:guide pin顶针板:ejector retainner plate托板:support plate螺丝:screw管钉:dowel pin开模槽:ply bar scot内模管位:core/cavity inter-lock顶针:ejector pin司筒:ejector sleeve司筒针:ejector pin推板:stripper plate缩呵:movable core,return core core puller 扣机(尼龙拉勾):nylon latch lock斜顶:lifter模胚(架):mold base上内模:cavity insert下内模:core insert行位(滑块):slide镶件:insert压座/斜鸡:wedge耐磨板/油板:wedge wear plate压条:plate撑头: support pillar唧嘴:sprue bushing挡板:stop plate定位圈:locating ring锁扣:latch扣鸡:parting lock set推杆:push bar栓打螺丝:S.H.S.B顶板:eracuretun活动臂:lever arm分流锥:spure sperader水口司:bush垃圾钉:stop pin隔片:buffle弹弓柱:spring rod弹弓:die spring中托司:ejector guide bush中托边:ejector guide pin镶针:pin销子:dowel pin波子弹弓:ball catch喉塞: pipe plug锁模块:lock plate斜顶:angle from pin斜顶杆:angle ejector rod尼龙拉勾:parting locks活动臂:lever arm复位键、提前回杆:early return bar气阀:valves斜导边:angle pin术语:terms承压平面平衡:parting surface support balance模排气:parting line venting回针碰料位:return pin and cavity interference模总高超出啤机规格:mold base shut hight顶针碰运水:water line interferes withejector pin料位出上/下模:part from cavith (core) side模胚原身出料位:cavity direct cut on A-plate,core direct cut on B-plate. 不准用镶件:Do not use (core/cavity) insert用铍铜做镶件:use beryllium copper insert初步(正式)模图设计:preliinary (final) mold design反呵:reverse core弹弓压缩量:spring compressed length稳定性好:good stability,stable强度不够:insufficient rigidity均匀冷却:even cooling扣模:sticking热膨胀:thero expansion公差:tolorance铜公(电极):copper electrode~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Surface Appearance 外观Glossiness/gloss finish 光洁度Matt finish/matt surface 毛面Glass fiber rich surface/glass emergence on the surface 玻纤外露Blooming/surface blooming 表面析出White patches on surface 表面白斑Silver marks/silver streak 银纹Splay mark 水纹Flow mark 流纹Weld line 溶结纹Brittle/brittleness 脆Bubbles/trapped gas 气泡Void 孔Burn marks 烧伤FR failed 阻燃不合格Flame rating V-2 阻燃V-2Poor dispersion 分散不好FR/PTFE …agglomerates etc 阻燃剂/PT FE…结块Pellet porous 粒子不密/蜜蜂窝Low impact/tensile etc 物理性能低High flow/filler content etc 流动性/填充…过高Longs/fines/doubles 长粒/碎屑/连粒Poor cut 粒形不好Bristle/voids 表面有小气泡/孔Glass bundles 玻纤结团Product was rejected due to 产品不能接受因为… High moisture level 高水分Warpage/warped 翘曲Shrinkage/shrink 收缩Sink marks 缩影Short shot/short molding 打不满Distortion 变形Over dimension 尺寸过大Under dimension 尺寸过小Flashing 飞边Discoloration 变色Off color 颜色差异Flow rate 流动率Viscous 粘High flow 高流动Low flow 低流动Sticky 粘Mold release 脱模Antioxidant 抗氧剂Flame retardant agent 阻燃剂Heat stabilizer 热稳定剂Chopped glass fiber 短切玻纤Roving glass fiber 粗纱/长玻纤Glass beads 玻璃微珠Milled fiber 碾磨纤Molybdenum disulfide/moly/MoS2 二硫化钼Colorant 着色剂Pigment 颜料Dye 染料Accepted product specification 接受产品规格Approved our product 认可我们的产品Re-set spec 重新定标准Add in extra … 添加多一点…Reduced … content 减少…含量Dropped/reduced … by x%减少…含量…%Confirmed color standard 确认颜色标准Approved color standard 认可颜色标准Re-confirmed color standard 重新确认颜色标准Qualified our product 认可我们的产品Undergoing heat aging test 在做热老化实验Product is under testing 产品在测试当中Received first order 接了第一个定单Expected to finish by … 预计在…完成Expected order is xMT 预计定单量…吨Estimated annual/monthly consumption 预计年/月用量。
注塑常用英语
精心整理一、浇口(入水):gate??????浇口进入位置:gatelocation??????浇口形式:gatetype??????大水口(2板模):edgegate,sidegate??????细水口(3板模):pin-pointgate????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????流道平衡:runnerbalance??????热嘴:hotsprue??????热流道板:hotmanifold??????发热管:cartridgeheater??????探温针:thermocouples??????插座:connectorsocket ??????密封/封料:seal三、运水:waterline??????喉塞:lineplug??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????管销(管钉):dowelpin ??????开模槽:plybarslot??????内模管位锁:core/cavityinter-lock ??????顶针:ejectorpin??????司筒针:ejectorsleevepin??????推板:stripperplate??????缩呵:movablecore,returncore,corepuller ??????扣机(尼龙拉勾):nylonlatchlock????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????挡板:stopplate??????定位圈:locatingring??????锁扣:latch??????扣鸡:partinglockset??????推杆:pushbar??????栓打螺丝:??????杯头螺丝:S??????活动臂:leverarm??????分流锥:sprueseparator????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????斜顶杆:angleejectorrod?? ??????复位键/提前回杆:earlyreturnbar ??????气阀:valves五、术语:terms??????承压平面平衡:partingsurfacesupportbalance ??????模排气:partinglineventing??????回针碰料位:returnpinandcavityinterference ??????模闭合总厚度:moldbaseshutheight ??????顶针碰运水:waterlineinterfereswithejectorpin????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????公差:tolerance??????铜电极(铜公):copperelectrode ??????石墨电极:graphiteelectrode??????夹线:weldline??????翘曲:warpage??????缺胶:shortshot??????困气:airtrap??????毛刺:flash,burr~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~模具述语进入位:大水口:细水口:转水口:二、流道热流道:唧嘴直流流道平衡热嘴:发热管:探针插头:插座:connectorsocket密封/封料:seal三、运水:waterline喉塞:linelpug喉管:tube塑胶管:plastictube快速接头:jiffyquickconnectorplug/socker四、模具零件:moldcomponents三板模:3-platemold二板模:2-platemold边钉/导边:leaderpin/guidepin边司/导套:bushing/guidebushing 中托司:shoulderguidebushing中托边L:guidepin顶针板:ejectorretainnerplate托板:supportplate螺丝:screw管钉:dowelpin开模槽:顶针:司筒:司筒针:推板:缩呵:斜顶:上内模:下内模:镶件:压座/耐磨板/压条:撑头唧嘴:挡板:定位圈:锁扣:latch扣鸡:partinglockset推杆:pushbar栓打螺丝:顶板:eracuretun活动臂:leverarm分流锥:spuresperader水口司:bush垃圾钉:stoppin隔片:buffle弹弓柱:springrod弹弓:diespring中托司:ejectorguidebush中托边:ejectorguidepin镶针:pin销子:dowelpin波子弹弓:ballcatch喉塞:pipeplug锁模块:斜顶:斜顶杆:活动臂:气阀:斜导边:术语:模排气:料位出上反呵:稳定性好:goodstability,stable强度不够:insufficientrigidity均匀冷却:evencooling扣模:sticking热膨胀:theroexpansion公差:tolorance铜公(电极):copperelectrode~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ SurfaceAppearance外观Glossiness/glossfinish光洁度Mattfinish/mattsurface毛面Glassfiberrichsurface/glassemergenceonthesurface玻纤外露Blooming/surfaceblooming表面析出Whitepatchesonsurface表面白斑Silvermarks/silverstreak银纹Splaymark水纹Flowmark流纹Weldline溶结纹Void孔FRfailedPoorcutDistortion变形Overdimension尺寸过大Underdimension尺寸过小Flashing飞边Discoloration变色Offcolor颜色差异Flowrate流动率Viscous粘Highflow高流动Lowflow低流动Sticky粘Moldrelease脱模Antioxidant抗氧剂Flameretardantagent阻燃剂Heatstabilizer热稳定剂Choppedglassfiber短切玻纤Rovingglassfiber粗纱/长玻纤Glassbeads玻璃微珠ColorantPigmentDye。
外文翻译---浇注系统形式和浇口的设计
英文翻译Gating system design forms and gateA. mainstream design1. Mainstream Road SizeRoad end and mainstream is in contact with the nozzle injection machine, and the other end of shunt connected with the taper section of the mobile channel. Road mainstream Xiaoduan size of 3.5 ~ 4 mm.2. Hub in the form of mainstream RoadRoad entrance to the mainstream Xiaoduan and repeated contact with the nozzle injection machine, is a consumable, more stringent requirements of the material, thus, part of the mainstream mold often designed as a removable sleeve, the replacement of the mainstream form (commonly known as the gate sets, said here Jack Tsui), in order to effectively separate the selection of high-quality steel processing and heat treatment. Jack Tsui are standard parts, just to buy on the line. Common jack Tsui into a jack Aguilar asked not care jack Tsui and two under the former map, a jack Aguilar asked for compatibility positioning circle. Jack Tsui specifications are Φ12, Φ16, Φ20, such as several. As for the injection nozzles a radius of 20, so jack Tsui for R21.3. Mainstream, the fixed hubBecause the use of a child care jack Tsui, using circle with a fixed location in the mold of the panel. Setting circles are also standard parts, the diameter of Φ120 mm, diameter Φ35 mm. Specific institutional form as shown below:B. shunt designIn multi-cavity or multi-cavity gate (plastic pieces of large size) should be set up triage Road, shunt is the mainstream, with the gate between the end of this section of the plastic melt flow channel. It is pouring in molten state system of plastic into the cavity from the mainstream Road, through the cross-sectional area and the changes in the flow of transformation for the smooth transition of the flow pattern. Therefore, should be designed to divert the pressure to meet a good transfer and maintain the ideal state of filling and in the process of movement of pressure loss as possible, can melt plastic balanced distribution to the various cavity.1. Main shunt the shape and sizeRoad map is the main streaming (6) in the intake level of under-flow.In order to facilitate the processing and condensate expected Stripping, shunt installed in most of sub-surface, the shunt is generally circular cross section trapezoidal shape of U-shaped semi-circular and rectangular, engineering design often used trapezoidal cross-section processing technology is good, and the plastic melting The loss of heat flow resistance are not large, generally using the following formula to determine their experience section size:Type B-ladder in the bottom edge of the width (mm)m-weight plastic parts (g)L-segregation, the length (mm)H-ladder height (mm)The bevel side of a ladder often take 50-150, in the application of (-1) should pay attention to its scope of application, that is, plastic parts in the thickness of 3.2 mm below the weight of less than 200 g, and the results in the range 3.2-9.5 mm The only reasonable.The electrical insulation for the volume of plastic-3221.7324 mm3, the quality of about 4 g, the length of segregation, is expected to design a 140 mm long, and there are four cavity, so:From B to 8 mmFrom H to 5 mmSmall trapezoidal bottom width from 6 mm, and its side perpendicular to the surface at the direction of about 100 percent. In addition the use of the outlet plate (that is, we are talking about the templates and the middle of the plate with a plate between), the shunt must be made trapezoidal cross-section, for diversion, and mainstream Liu Ning Road Stripping.Actual real-time processing, commonly used cross-section the size of two trapezoidal channel, a large model, a small model. As shown below:2. Length of the main shuntShunt to as short as possible, and less bending, injection molding process for the most economic use of raw materials and the injection of energy consumption, reduce the pressure loss and heat loss. Road will be diverted straight into the design, the chief of 140 mm.3. The design of shuntRoad diversion of the main streaming of the two territories, following the flow shape Deputy shunt in the vertical direction of the flow on the taper of the taper forunilateralism, 20, the very bottom diameter of φ6 mm, the level of the direction of flow from top to bottom two floors of the diameter of φ4 mm, these values are based on experience, the total length of 38.15mm.4. Shunt the surface roughnessAs shunt in contact with the outer layer of plastic mold rapid cooling, only the center of the plastic melt flow better, because of segregation, the inner surface roughness Ra does not require very low, generally from about 1.6 μ m can, This is not just the surface smooth and help melt the plastic outer cortex fixed cooling, and the center of the melt between the poor have a certain speed, to ensure that the melt flow is appropriate when the shear rate and shear heat .Actual processing, milling machines used to flow Milling Road, less for the province to die, saved processing texture on the trip. (Province Die: manufacturing mold a very important process, generally equipped with a professional women die province, with grinding machine, sand paper, Whetstone, such as grinding tools will mold cavity surface polished, Moliang, lower cavity surface roughness Degrees.)5. Shunt layout formShunt at the surface of the arrangement and the foregoing cavity are closely related to a variety of different forms of layout, but should follow two principles: that is, on the one hand with tight, narrow plate-size mold the other processes The shortest possible, the clamping force to balance.The flow of the mold form a balanced layoutC. Gate DesignGate, also known as the feed mouth, is connected with the cavity of the Road diversion channel, in addition to direct gate, it was pouring system in the cross-section of the smallest part, but it is a key part of gating system, gate location, shape and size Plastic pieces of performance and quality of great.1. Selection of gateGate can be divided into restrictive and non-restrictive gate two. We will adopt restrictive gate. On the one hand through the gate of restrictive cross-sectional area of the sudden change to shunt the transmission to produce plastic melt flow rate of acceleration, improve the shear rate, making it ideal state of the movement, full of rapid-balanced cavity, another Improve plastics melt into the cavity when the flow characteristics, adjusting gate size, will enable multi-cavity at the same time is full, can control the filling time, the cooling time and surface quality of plastic parts, also plays a closedcavity to prevent plastic melt Turn the clock back, and to facilitate gate condensate materials and plastic pieces from the role.We use the side gate. Gate also known as the edge of the side gate, the gate abroad as the standard. Side gate open in the general classification level, the plastic melts in the cavity filling-side, the rectangular cross-section shape for more than slit, to adjust its cross-section of the thickness and width adjustment can melt injection at the shear rate and Gate closing time. This lamp gate processing easy, convenient dressing and plastic parts can shape features the flexibility to choose the feed position, so it is a widely used form of a gate, the widespread use of plastic parts in small and medium-sized multi-cavity mold, And the adaptability of various plastic molding are strong, but there are traces of the gate, a weld marks, Shrinkage, stomatal defects, such as plastic parts, injection and pressure loss, the deep cavity plastic parts exhaust inconvenience.The specific to mold, form and size of its gate gate sizes are from all parts of the experience of value.2. Gate location of choiceDie design, location and size of gate of the more stringent requirements, a preliminary test mode after the gate size needed further changes, no matter what the gate, opened its location on the plastic parts molding great impact on the quality and performance, pouring a reasonable choice I opened the location is an important link in improving quality, the location of different gate at the same time also affected die structure. In short to make plastic parts with a good performance and appearance, we must seriously consider the choice of gate position, usually to consider the following principles:1) minimize the flow of distance.2) gate should be opened in the maximum wall thickness plastic parts.3) the need to minimize the weld marks.4) should help in gas from the cavity.5) consideration of directional influence.6) avoid jet and wiggle.7) the gate to avoid bending and the impact load.8) attention to the appearance of quality.According to the characteristics of plastic parts, considering more than a few principles, pouring into a triage point, a bit on the line, Point 2 pouring into the shunt open in the post-die-on.D. pouring system of balanceFor small and medium-sized pieces of plastic injection molds have been widely used mode of a multi-cavity in the form of design should try to ensure that all the cavity at the same time be uniform filling and forming. Usually in the shape of plastic parts and die structure to allow the circumstances, should be from the mainstream of the cavity, to shunt the growth of the same design, shape and size of the same section (cavity layout for the balance) in the form of, otherwise we will need Size of the gate to regulate the flow gate and molding process to achieve consensus, which is pouring system balance. Obviously, we design the mold is balanced, that is, from the mainstream, to shunt the cavity of the same length, shape and size are the same section.E. cold material point of the designUpon completion of a cycle of injection interval, taking into account the injection nozzles of the mainstream entrance and a small section of this melt due to heat and radiation below the required temperature of the plastic melt from the nozzle end of the injection machine to within about 10 Liaotong - 25mm depth has a temperature gradually increased the region, at this time to reach normal temperatures melt the plastic. In this region of the flow of plastic molding and poor performance, if this relatively low temperature of cold material into the cavity, there will be defective. In order to overcome the impact of this phenomenon, with a well Point Road extension will be the mainstream expected to receive cold, cold material to prevent pouring into the system and the flow cavity, the injection of this interval to accommodate the cold material generated by the Well Points Cold material known as the Point.Cold Point generally expected in the mainstream Road opposite the creation of the dynamic template (that is, to the flow of plastic), the nominal diameter and its mainstream Road Taiduan diameter of the same or slightly larger number, depth of about 1-1.5 times the diameter of the end Cold expected to ensure that the green is smaller than the size of expected cold, cold material points in six forms, is commonly used for the end of the Z-shaped and Rafah in the form of materials, according to the specific properties of plastic reasonable choice. In fact, as long as the streaming-will extend to some distance on the line.译文浇注系统形式和浇口的设计A. 主流道设计1. 主流道尺寸主流道是一端与注射机喷嘴相接触,另一端与分流道相连的一段带有锥度的流动通道。
浇口的设计和塑件的尺寸
浇口的设计和塑件的尺寸、形状模具结构一、浇口位置的要求1.外观要求(浇口痕迹,熔接线)2.产品功能要求3.模具加工要求4.产品的翘曲变形5.浇口容不容易去除二、对生产和功能的影响1.流长(FlowLength)决定射出压力,锁模力,以及产品填不填的满流长缩短可降低射出压力及锁模力。
2.浇口位置会影响保压压力,保压压力大小,保压压力是否平衡,将浇口远离产品未来受力位置(如轴承处)以避免残留应力,浇口位置必须考虑排气,以避免积风发生不要将浇口放在产品较弱处或嵌入处,以避免偏位(CoreShaft)。
三、选择浇口位置的技巧1.将浇口放置于产品最厚处,从最厚处进浇可提供较佳的充填及保压效果。
如果保压不足,较薄的区域会比较厚的区域更快凝固,避免将浇口放在厚度突然变化处,以避免迟滞现象或是短射的发生。
2.可能的话,从产品中央进浇,将浇口放置于产品中央可提供等长的流长,流长的大小会影响所需的射出压力,中央进浇使得各个方向的保压压力均匀,可避免不均匀的体积收缩。
3.浇口(Gate):浇口是一条横切面面积细小的短槽,用以连接流道与模穴.横切面面积所以要小,目的是要获得以下效果:1)模穴注不久,浇口即冷结2)除水口简易3)除水口完毕,仅留下少许痕迹4)使多个模穴的填料较易控制5)减少填料过多现象设计浇口的方法并无硬性规定,大都是根据经验而行,但有两个基本要素须加以折衷考虑:1.浇口的横切面面积愈大愈好,而槽道之长度则愈短愈佳,以减少塑料通过时的压力损失. 模具达人微信:mujudaren2.浇口须细窄,以便容易冷结及防止过量塑料倒流.故此浇口在流道中央,而它的横切面应尽可能成圆形.不过,浇口的开关通常是由模件的开关来决定的.3.浇口尺寸:浇口的尺寸可由横切面积和浇口长度定出,下列因素可决定浇口最佳尺寸: 1)胶料流动特性2)模件之厚薄3)注入模腔的胶料量4)熔解温度5)工模温度决定浇口位置时,应紧守下列原则:1.注入模穴各部份的胶料应尽量平均.2.注入工模的胶料,在注料过程的各阶段,都应保持统一而稳定的流动前线.3.应考虑可能出现焊痕,气泡,凹穴,虚位,射胶不足及喷胶等情况.4.应尽量使除水口操作容易进行,最好是自动操作.5.浇口的位置应与各方面配合。
Runnerandgatedesign:流道和浇口的设计
Runner and gate design.The Important FeaturesIntroduction;The following is a brief summary of the important factors to consider when designing runner and gating systems for Zinc and Aluminium pressure die casting dies.In the past runner systems were designed using empirical knowledge and developed using trial and error methods which involved excessive time and often multiple die trials. Today, computer programmes exist which eliminate these problems and are able to give good results immediately but, many of the most basic design issues are often neglected during the design stage particularly if the die is designed by the tool maker without consultation to the die casting technicians.These brief notes are intended as guidelines for use during training and as an aide memoiré for die design technicians and designers. They are not intended to cover all aspects of die design practice.____________________________Objective:The runner and gate system should achieve the following in basic terms:•Produce a casting of the specified quality; in terms of finish, size and tolerance, casting integrity, mechanical properties, cycle time and consistency.••Achieve first time success; to avoid wasted time on successive machine trials, delays in delivery of samples, loss of customer confidence and excessive die developmentcosts.••Provide optimum yield; increases efficiency by optimising the casting to runner yield ratio, improve metal losses due to lower re-melt weights, reduces cycle times due toimproved thermal efficiency.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED,WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR.Runner and gate design.Influencing factors.Designing a runner system:Selection of the machine should be based on several factors but not just shot weight and platen area. Most machines are supplied with a PQ2 diagram or one exists from measurements taken on other similar machines. Runner designs should be based on machine performance with a given plunger or shot sleeve diameter, known hydraulic pressure and in the case of hot chamber die casting the nozzle size. Both projected area and lock tonnage should also be considered if the proposed runner plus casting is liable to approach the machine limits.Casting geometry:The cavity should be positioned to promote the best cavity fill conditions while accommodating essential die features such as core slides, cooling channels, sensitive casting features, number of cavities and robotic removal constraints. Other process criteria such as second operation locations, clipping orientation, break off de-gating and finishing requirements should also be considered before the cavity position is decided.Uniform flow path:The runner should establish a uniform metal flow rate deigned to promote the best hydraulic system, stable metal pressure and velocity. Most computer design programmes will control these features but the designer will still have institute a flow path allows these features conform to the desired parameters.Cavity fill conditions:Modern pressure die casting machines often have more power at the shot end than is required to achieve the optimum fill conditions. Consequently, the performance offers many gate area options capable of achieving the desired fill conditions – the designer must select the most suitable based on the casting specification and process limitations.Cavity fill pattern:Is invariably decided by the casting geometry and gate position but the metal pressure and velocity will have influence but to a lesser extent. The influence of casting features such as vertical surfaces and ribs, variable section thicknesses, isolated bosses and cores must be considered when the gate position is decided.Venting and overflow wells:Should all be considered at the design stage – are directly related to the cavity fill conditions and casting geometry but also the introduction of over flow wells or pockets may have significant cost implications.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED,WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR.Runner and gate design.Machine Performance.Effects of change.Injection pressure: Reduce or increase .• Increased injection pressure – will increase flash, raise galvanising and die erosion.Optimum pressure levels will improve casting integrity, maintain speed and velocity and improve cavity fill conditions.Reduced injection pressure – reduces flow rates, and static metal pressure on hot chamber pressure die casting machines.• Plunger diameter – on hot chamber die casting machines smaller plungers give thebest casting results with higher injection pressure and faster delivery. On aluminium cold chamber machines plunger diameter choice is less critical but effect is far more significant in performance terms - increasing delivery velocity and reducing cavity fill times.• Plunger speeds - high terminal velocities can produce pressure spikes on older diecasting machines leading flash and die wear. High gate speeds result in expensive die maintenance due to die erosion and galvanising.• Runner Area/volume - die designer should create a uniform flow through the runnerby establishing nozzle area (hot chamber) as the largest section in the runner.Progressively reducing the cross sectional area of the runner at each section to the gate which should be the smallest area in the runner system. Similarly, on cold chamber dies the sprue post runner should be the largest runner section down to the gate which should be smallest section of the runner.Flow rate histogram.N o z z l e a r e aGateAreaTHE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED,WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR.Runner and gate design.Runner features‘Y’ Junction not ‘T’‘Y’ JunctionReduces area and increases pressure progressively.‘T’ JunctionIncreases volume at the junction creating low pressure area at the centre of the gate.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED,WALSALL RO D. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR.ARunner and gate design .Runner featuresTaper tangential runner - with shock absorber – showing section change A to B toSmaller diagram – illustrates poor runner design small access radius,increased e taper,maintain pressure and velocityrunner volume at the radius, small runner cross section at the end of th and no shock absorber.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED,WALSALL RO D. NORTO NES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR.A N CARunner and gate design .Runner featuresDrawings – Show section through sprue posts on Aluminium (top ) and Zinc (bottom )This area most commonly inte d incorrectly by toolmakers.Note; Th radiusdies.rprete e reduction from the sprue faces to die face and the size and blend which are struck from the same centre to ensure even transition from sprue to die.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD,. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR.Runner and gate design .Runner featuresRunner sections: Need to be adjusted by differing percentages tor l10% reduction in runnerarea- down stream of metalaccommodate larger angular direction changes30% reduction in runner a ea - down stream of meta flow – for 900 bend.flow – for a 200 bend.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Gate Areasate Areas:ptimum for Zinc alloy pressure die-casting :ed / velocity – 35 – 45 metres per second.ish – 20 milli seconds or functionalOptimum for Aluminium alloy pressure die casting:5 metres per second..ortant on large castings asFil a etry: has the largest influence on cavity flow paths – high metal velocitypplied to vertical casting faces causes turbulence, galvanising and impedes metal. All of which and areas; It is possible to assess parts of the casting separately nd this may be advantageous if they are unlikely to be fed directly from the gate. of a given part sing separate gates for each zoned area. This will often improve fill characteristics low: It must be stressed that the gates and runner both fluence flow direction. Once the runner is established metal under pressure will G O • Gate spe • Cavity fill time – plated or powder coated fin parts – 40 milli seconds.• Gate depth – 0.15 – 0.5 mm.• Gate speed / velocity – 25 to 3To avoid die erosion and control cavity fill characteristics • Cavity fill time – end of fill temperature is most imp solidification can occur prior to cavity filling.• Depth 1.25 – 3 mm (1.5 mm minimum for machine intensification to be effective ).l P ttern:Casting geom a can result in expensive die repairs / maintenance. Section changes and cores change pressure and direction and these effects need to be considered and understood when considering gate position options.Zones volumes a Using computer programmes allows each separate zone to be quantified in volume and surface area terms. If treated as un-gated the fill time and end of fill temperature can be determined as a comparison with the main body of the total casting.Gating separate zones: It is possible also to examine separate zones u and reduce the risks of defects. The uses of multiple gates are not a risk if designed and implemented correctly.Runner will direct metal f in enter the cavity in the same direction and flow angle. Varying injection speed and metal pressure may alter this angle slightly but this is only a fine tuning method.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTO NES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,N CARunner and gate design .Fill pattern.Influence of casting geometry ertain casting shapes are best filled in a predetermined way, if the toolingre the depth is 50% of the edge length or more he box :C configuration allows. Deep boxes, whe can be fed using the gate runner configuration shown below – alternatively t can be turned through 450 to shorten the runner distance and improve shot yield.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Fill pattern.vals or round castings: Try to fill the centre first using either a runneronfiguration below or a more traditional fan feed. With fan feeds it is essential to getO c the ratio of the approach angle and width of gate correct.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Fill pattern.nnular rings: Can be fed using the runner configuration indicated below. A smallver flow well should positioned in the centre hole to take away any lubrication fume A o and another well placed on the out side perimeter adjacent to the last segment of the part to fill.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Fill pattern.Rectangular Plates: Fill across shortest distance whenever possible – t cut downow distance and increase end of fill temperature. It is therefore advisable to avoido fl the option shown in the upper diagram if possible.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Fill pattern.Diagram show e – to resolve problems ofporosity and poor ximately 6 mm deep, with a gate depth of between 1.8 and 2.5 mm. Casting weighed approximately 5 Kg and with a flow distance of 510 m s: runner developed over a period of tim fill results. The darker blue area is appro m.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Fill pattern.Diagram show niform gate thickness of 2 mm. The runner and a subsequent increase in yield of 18% and a reduction in pr ected area of some 22% allowing improved shot speed and increased in injecs: Revised runner with balance fill and u shows reduced shot weight by over 1 Kg oj tion pressure.THE BROCK METAL COMPANY LIMITED, WALSALL ROAD. NORTON CANES, CANNOCK, STAFFS, UK WS11 9NR,Runner and gate design .Vents and Overflow wells.Points to remember:• Over flow w tal flow, but rarely remove gas and fume as the cavity is normal sealed before they become a .only work for less than half of the cavity fill time as they arefinal fill is achieved. • Over flow wells are a poor method of die heating both inefficient and wasteful.See reference material from ILZRO, IZA.JWTSep ells can be used to change or divert mective ly • Similarly vents can sealed off before the• Use only one connection per over flow to avoid back feeding through theoverflow and reintroducing gas and cold metal. • Always vent over flow wells – as a precaution.Many are lost before re-melting and therefore increase metal losses.t 05 – issue 5。
GATE-浇口设计
技术专栏 : 塑料射出成型模具的浇口设计浇口(Gate)在射出成型模具的浇注系统(Feed System)中是连接流道(Runner)和型腔(Cavity)的熔胶通道。
浇口设计和塑件质量有着密不可分的关系。
1. 浇口的位置和数目1.1. 浇口位置与喷流(Jetting)的关系浇口若能布置成冲击型浇口 -- 也就是使得进浇后的塑料熔体立刻冲击到一阻挡物(如型腔壁、芯型销等),让塑流稳定下来,就可以减少喷流的机率。
1.2. 浇口的位置和数目与熔接线(Weld Line)的关系熔接线是两股熔胶的波前(Melt Front)相遇后所形成的线条。
就塑件的外观或是强度而言,熔接线都是负面的。
每增加一个浇口,至少要增加一条熔接线,同时还要增加一个浇口痕(Gate Mark)、较多的积风(Air Trap)以及流道的体积。
所以在型腔能够如期充填的前提下,浇口的数目是愈少愈好。
为了减少浇口的数目,每一浇口应在塑流力所能及的流动比之内(Flow Length to Thickness Ratio),找出可以涵盖最大塑件面积的进浇位置。
更改浇口位置以后,能够将熔接线自敏感处移除为上策。
如果熔接线无法移除,那么增加波前的熔胶温度(Melt Temperature);或是减少两相遇波前的熔胶温度差(Melt Temperature Difference);或是增加两波前相遇后的熔胶压力(Melt Pressure);或是增加熔胶波前相遇时的遇合角(Meeting Angle),都可以改善熔接线的质量。
1.3. 浇口的位置和数目与积风(Air Trap)的关系积风是型腔内的空气和熔胶释出的气体被熔胶包围后的缺陷。
积风的存在,重则导致短射(Short Shot)或焦痕(Burn Mark),轻亦影响外观和强度。
每增加一个浇口,就会增加积风发生的机率。
当塑件厚薄差异大时,如果浇口位置设置不当,就会因为跑道现象(Race Track Effect)而导致积风。
浇口的设计
浇口的设计浇口(Gate)是连接流道与型腔之间的一段细短通道,是一條橫切面面積細小的短槽,它是浇注系统的关键部分。
當塑料流入流道時,塑料接近模面最先降熱(冷卻)及凝固.塑料再向前流動時只是在此凝固的塑料層流過.又由於塑料是低傳熱物質.固態的塑料形成絕綠層及保持層的仍可流動.所以,在理想的情況下,澆口應設置在橫流道層位置,使得最佳的塑料流動效應.此情況最常見於圓形及六角形的橫流道.然而梯形的橫流道無法達致此效果,因澆口不能設置於流道的中間位置.浇口的形状、位置和尺寸对制品的质量影响很大。
浇口的主要作用有以下几点:1、熔体充模后,首先在浇口处凝固,当注射机螺杆抽回时可防止熔体想流道回流;2、熔体在流经狭窄的浇口时产生摩擦热,使熔体升温,有助于充模;3、易于切除浇口尾料,二次加工方便,除水口完畢,僅留下少許痕跡;4、对于多型腔模具,浇口能用来平衡进料,对于多浇口单型腔模具,浇口既能用来平衡进料,又能用以控制熔合纹在制品中的位置;5、減少填料過多現象.浇口的类型与位置浇口亦称进料口,是连接分流道与型腔的熔体的通道.,也是注塑模进料系统的最后部分.浇口的设计与位置的选择恰当与否,直接关系到塑件能否完好的高质量地注射成型.其基本作用为:1、从流道来的熔融塑料以最快的速度进入充满型腔。
2、型腔充满后,浇口能迅速冷却封闭,防止型腔能还未冷却的塑料回流。
浇口的设计和塑件的尺寸、形状模具结构,注射工艺条件及塑件性能等因素有关.但是根据上述两句基本作用来说,浇口截面小,长度要短,因为只有这样才能满足增大流料速度,快速冷却封闭,便于塑件分离以及浇口残痕最小等要求.「浇口」(Gate)对於成形性及内部应力有较大的影响,通常依据成形品的形状来决定适当形式,可分为「限制浇口」与「非限制浇口」两大类.限制性浇口是整个浇注系统中截面尺寸最小的部位,通过截面尺寸的突然变化使分流道送来的塑料熔体产生突变的流速增加,提高剪切速率,降低粘度,使其成为理想的流动状态,从而迅速均均衡的充满型腔.对于多型腔模具,调节浇口的尺寸,还可以使非平衡布置的型腔达到同时进料的目的,提高塑件质量. 另外限制性浇口还起着较早固化防止型腔中的熔体倒流的作用, 加工容易,易从浇道切断成形品,可减少残留应力. 又可分为「侧状浇口」(Side Gate)、「重叠浇口」(Overlap Gate)、「凸片浇口」(Tab Gate)、「扇形浇口」(Fan Gate)、「膜状浇口」(Film Gate)、「环形浇口」(Ring Gate)、「盘状浇口」(Disk Gate)、「点状浇口」(Point Gate)及「潜状浇口」(Submarine Gate)等非限制性浇口是由竖浇道直接将塑料注入模穴的浇口,整个浇注系统中截面尺寸最大的部位,它主要是对中大型筒类,壳类塑件型腔起引料和进料后的施压作用.浇口的种类、位置、大小、数目等,直接影响成形品的外观、变形、成形收缩率及强度,所以在设计上应考虑下列事项:在注塑模设计中, 按浇口的结构形式和特点,常用的浇口形式有如下几种:1、直接浇口既是主流道浇口,属于非限制性浇口. 塑料熔体由主流道的大端直接进入型腔,因儿具有流动阻力小,流动流程短及补给时间长等特点.但是也有一定的缺点如进料处有较大的残余应力而导致塑件翘曲变形,由于浇口较大驱除浇口痕迹较困难,而且痕迹较大,影响美观.所以这类浇口多用于注射成型大,中型长流程深型腔筒型或翘型塑件,尤其适合与如聚碳酸脂,聚砜等高粘度塑料.另外,这种形式的浇口只适合于单型腔模具.在设计浇口时,为了减小与塑件接触处的浇口面积,防止该处产生缩口,变形等缺陷,一方面应尽量选用较小锥度的主流道锥角a(a=2~4度),另一方面尽量减小定模板和定模座的厚度.这样的浇口有良好的熔体流动状态,塑料熔体从型腔底面中心部位流向分型面,有利于排气;这样的形式使塑件和浇注系统在分型面上的投影面积最小,模具结构紧凑,注射机受力均匀.2、中心浇口当筒类或壳类塑件的底部中心或接近于中心部位有通孔时,内浇口就开设在该浇口处,同时中心设置分流锥,这种类型的浇口.实际上这是直接浇口的一种特殊形式,具有直接浇口的一系列优点,而克服了直接浇口易产生缩孔,变形等缺陷.中心浇口其实也是端面进料的环行浇口(下面介绍),在设计时,环行的厚度一般不小于0.5mm.进料口环行的面积大于主流道小端面积时,浇口为非限制性浇口;反之,则浇口为限制性型浇口.3、侧浇口侧浇口国外称为标准浇口,(各种图我这里有但是没有扫描仪) 侧浇口一般开设在分型面上,塑料熔体从内侧或外侧充满模具型腔,其截面形状多为矩形(扁槽),改变浇口宽度与厚度可以调节熔体的剪切剪切速率及浇口的冻结时间.这类浇口可根据塑件的形状特征选择其位置,加工和修整方便,因此它是应用较广泛的.优点如下由于浇口截面小,减小浇注系统的浇注系统塑料的消耗量,去除浇口容易,痕迹不明显.缺点有熔接痕存在,注射压力损失较大,使深型腔塑件的排气不利.还克分为1)扇形浇口2)平缝浇口4、环行浇口对型腔填充采用圆环形进料形式的浇口称为环行浇口.特点进料均匀,圆周上各处流速大致相同,流动状态好,型腔中的空气容易排除,熔接痕可以避免.浇口设计在型心上,浇口的厚度t=0.25~1.6mm,长度l=0.8~1.8mm;端面进料的搭接式环行浇口,搭接长度L1=0.8~1.2mm,总长L可取2~3mm; 环行浇口主要用于成型圆筒型无底塑件,但是浇注系统耗料较多,浇口去除困难,浇口痕迹明显.5、轮辐式浇口6、爪形浇口。
浇口位置的选择原则
实验一、一端进浇
100mm×30mm×2mm 从一端进浇
厚度为2mm薄板
从一端进浇
观察熔体 如何流动?
从一端进浇
流动很均匀
流动方 向一致
从中间进浇
比较与从一端 进浇有何区别
中间进浇充填效果
发散流动 收缩 变形
收缩率比较
最大收缩率 为2.163%
最大收缩率 为6.99%
结论:
◆浇口选择应尽量使熔体单向流动 ◆长条形塑件一般选择边缘进浇
3 浇口尽量选择在远离薄壁筋板的区域
4 浇口选择应尽量避免出现熔接线
5 多点进浇时须遵循充填平衡的原则
6
熔接线不可避免的情况下,须从熔体前沿的 温度、压力、汇合角来提高其质量
实例:风扇叶片
点3 点2
点4
点1
充填过程
充填末端压力
点3
点4
点2 点1
熔接线
多浇口充填,熔接线不可避免,判断熔接线 的性能,可以结合动力学软件进行仿真。
锁模力
最大锁模力 为1790tone
五浇口
最大注塑压 力为45MPa
锁模力
最大锁模力 为1294tone
思考:如何解决?
熔接线
思路:
使分子流动方向一致,可消除溶解痕
浇口4
浇口2
浇口1
浇口5 浇口3
浇口1先打开、 其余浇口关闭
浇 口 4 关
浇 口 2 关
浇 口 1 开
浇
口
浇
5
口
关
3
关
熔体前沿经过浇口2、3
原因分析:观察熔体前沿的夹角
结论:
浇ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ位置的选择应尽量避免出 现熔接线
浇口和流道简介
22
梯形截面的流道優缺點
• 較易加工 • 有內切圓的梯形截面流道﹐具有圓形截 面流道同樣好的流動有效面積 • 塑料用量要比圓形截面多35%
澆口與流道
23
流道的冷料穴
• 位置﹕進澆口位置附近或其它位置 • 方向﹕沿流道生長的方向 • 長度﹕一般為流道直徑的2~~3倍
24
冷料穴
• 減少壓力損失 • 使流道提供最大的流動截面 • 注口豎流道的冷料穴
25
流道設計的平衡
• 例﹕8CAV的流道
26
Runner to Gate(Indirect Approach)
direct gating to a cosmetic surface may cause surface imperfections.
外觀面直接進膠可能造成外觀面缺陷
27
流道的冷卻
• 流道的冷卻時間影響成型周期(cycle time) • 流道的尺寸(直徑)應適當
• 熱流道針閥式
2003/5/15 澆口與流道 4
1.2.1 gate 搭接式
5
1.2.2 gate 側澆口
6
1.2.3 gate 針點式
2003/5/15
澆口與流道
7
1.2.4 gate 大點直接式
8
1.2.5 gate 潛伏式
潛伏在成品側壁上
9
1.2.5 gate 潛伏式
牛角式潛伏(香蕉形潛伏式)
• 模流分析 • 設計檢討
• 要適合澆口類型
18
2﹑流道(Runner)
• 【冶金學】
A channel along which molten metal is poured into a mold; a gate. – 澆道,流槽使熔化了的金屬注入模子的渠 道;通道
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技术专栏:塑料射出成型模具的浇口设计
浇口(Gate)在射出成型模具的浇注系统(Feed System)中是连接流道(Runner)和型腔(Cavity)的熔胶通道。
浇口设计和塑件质量有着密不可分的关系。
1. 浇口的位置和数目
1.1. 浇口位置与喷流(Jetting)的关系
浇口若能布置成冲击型浇口 -- 也就是使得进浇后的塑料熔体立刻冲击到一阻挡物(如型腔壁、芯型销等),让塑流稳定下来,就可以减少喷流的机率。
1.2. 浇口的位置和数目与熔接线(Weld Line)的关系
熔接线是两股熔胶的波前(Melt Front)相遇后所形成的线条。
就塑件的外观或是强度而言,熔接线都是负面的。
每增加一个浇口,至少要增加一条熔接线,同时还要增加一个浇口痕(Gate Mark)、较多的积风(Air Trap)以及流道的体积。
所以在型腔能够如期充填的前提下,浇口的数目是愈少愈好。
为了减少浇口的数目,每一浇口应在塑流力所能及的流动比之内(Flow Length to Thickness Ratio),找出可以涵盖最大塑件面积的进浇位置。
更改浇口位置以后,能够将熔接线自敏感处移除为上策。
如果熔接线无法移除,那么增加波前的熔胶温度(Melt Temperature);或是减少两相遇波前的熔胶温度差(Melt Temperature Difference);或是增加两波前相遇后的熔胶压力(Melt Pressure);或是增加熔胶波前相遇时的遇合角(Meeting Angle),都可以改善熔接线的质量。
1.3. 浇口的位置和数目与积风(Air Trap)的关系
积风是型腔内的空气和熔胶释出的气体被熔胶包围后的缺陷。
积风的存在,重则导致短射(Short Shot)或焦痕(Burn Mark),轻亦影响外观和强度。
每增加一个浇口,就会增加积风发生的机率。
当塑件厚薄差异大时,如果浇口位置设置不当,就会因为跑道现象(Race Track Effect)而导致积风。
1.4. 浇口位置与迟滞效应(Hesitation Effect)的关系
迟滞效应是熔胶流到厚薄交接处的时候,由于薄处的流阻较大,而在该处阻滞不前的效应。
这种效应重则产生短射,轻亦形成迟滞痕(亦即高残余应力带)。
浇口应置于距离可能发生迟滞效应的最远处,以消除或减轻迟滞。
1.5. 浇口位置与缩痕(Sink Mark)和缩孔(Void)的关系
浇口应置于厚壁处以确保补缩的塑流(Compensation Flow)能够维持得最久,厚壁处才不会因为较大的收缩,而使得缩痕和缩孔更容易发生。
1.6. 浇口位置与溢料(Flash)的关系
型腔布置和浇口开设部位应立求对称,防止模具承受偏载而产生溢料现象。
如(图一)所示,b)
的布置较之a)为合理。
1.7. 浇口位置与流动平衡(Flow Balance)的关系
就单型腔模具而言,熔胶波前于同一时间抵达型腔各末端,就叫做流动平衡。
流动平衡的设计使得熔胶的压力、温度以及体积收缩率的分布比较均匀,塑件的质量较好。
所以浇口位置的选择以是否达成流动平衡为准。
流动平衡与否,可以模拟充模的CAE进行确认。
对浇口数目相同但是浇口位置不同的设计而言,能以最小的射压 (Injection Pressure)和锁模力(Clamp Force)充模的设计是流动最平衡
的设计。
就多型腔模具(Multi-cavity Mould)而言,熔胶波前于同一时间抵达各型腔末端,就叫做流动平衡。
在非平衡布置的多型腔模具中,注道到各型腔的流道长度不同,或者各型腔的形状和尺寸不尽相同。
这时可以调整浇口上游的支流道的剖面尺寸(如直径或厚度等),以达到流动平衡的目的。
一般调整浇口剖面尺寸的作法并不可取,一来此非长久之计(浇口小,容易耗蚀,流动平衡不能持久) ,二来若是浇口厚度也在调整之列,就会失去浇口作为划一封凝时间(Freeze Time或Seal Time)的功能。
当支流道比较细长(一般在200mm以上),可采用以下公式来平衡塑流:
1.8. 浇口位置与塑件平面度的关系
浇口的布置若能形成单一方向流(Uni-directional Flow) - 也就是塑料熔体进入型腔后,其波前能以一平直的形式推进,那么塑料在流动方向和垂直流动方向的收缩就不会相互牵制,可以产生平面度高的塑件。
浇口的布置若能使得塑料熔体先流经型腔的平直部分,后流到型腔的弯曲部分,就可以减少残余应力对塑件中心面的不对称度,发生翘曲的可能性可以减少。
1.9. 浇口位置与型芯偏移的关系
正确的浇口位置使得进浇后的塑料熔体对型芯施加相互抵消的压力,免得型芯因单边受力太大而偏移,以致成型的塑件在压力大的一侧较厚,而在压力小的一侧较薄,这也会造成脱模困难以及塑件损坏。
2. 浇口的型式和尺寸
2.1. 边缘浇口(Edge Gate)
又称为侧浇口(Side Gate),剖面有矩形,也有圆形,一般开设在分模面上,从型腔外侧面进料。
矩形边缘浇口(Rectangular Edge Gate)是最常见的浇口,常用于两板式多型腔模具,形状简单,加工方便,去除浇口容易,浇口痕迹小但是容易形成熔接线和积风。
如(图二)所示。
主要的尺寸有三:
考虑单面(凸模或凹模型腔面)即可。
2.2. 扇形浇口(Fan Gate)
通过以上公式中算出的边缘浇口的宽度若大于浇口上游的支流道直径或宽度,就可采用扇形浇口。
如(图三)所示,浇口开设在分模面上,从型腔外侧面进料,浇口沿进料方向逐渐加宽,厚度则逐渐减薄。
从此浇口进入型腔的塑料熔体波前较为平直,可减少翘曲变形,用来成型宽度较大的板状塑件颇为适宜。
主要的尺寸有三:
2.3. 薄片式浇口(Film Gate)
又称为平缝式浇口,常用来成型平直的大面积薄壁塑件。
如(图四)所示,浇口的分配流道与型腔侧边平行,其长度通常大于塑件宽度。
从此浇口进入型腔的塑料熔体波前可保持单一方向流,可避免翘曲变形,常用来成型平直的大面积薄壁塑件。
2.4. 重迭式浇口(Overlap Gate)
又称为搭接浇口,如(图五)所示。
可布置为冲击型浇口,有效的防喷流,但是浇口处易产生缩痕,浇口切除较为困难,浇口痕迹明显。
主要的尺寸有三:
2.5. 凸耳式浇口(Tab Gate)
如(图六)所示,在型腔侧面开设耳槽,熔胶通过浇口冲击在耳槽侧面上,经调整方向和速度后再进入型腔,如此应力得以释放,可以避免喷流。
但是这种浇口切除较为困难,浇口痕迹较大。
主要的尺寸有六:
2.6. 针点浇口(Pin Point Gate或Pin Gate)
针点浇口位置限制小,浇口痕迹小,开模时浇口可自动拉断,有利于自动化操作,如(图七)所示。
就薄壁塑件而言,浇口附近剪切速率(Shear Rate)过高,残余应力高,容易开裂,可局部增加浇口处塑件壁厚,如上图所示,以圆弧R形成酒窝(Dimple)状过渡,以行改善。
主要的尺寸有二:
2.7. 潜伏式浇口(Submarine Gate或Subsurface Gate)
又称为隧道式浇口(Tunnel Gate),如(图八)所示,流道开设在分模面上,浇口潜入分型面下,熔胶斜向进入型腔。
塑件和流道分别设置推出机构,开模时浇口自动被切断,流道凝料自动脱落。
塑料过轫(如PA)或过脆(如PS)并不适用,前者不易切断,后者易于断裂,容易堵塞浇口。
主要的尺寸有:
2.8. 盘形浇口(Diaphragm Gate)
盘形浇口用于内孔较大的圆筒形塑件,或具有较大长方形内孔的塑件,浇口在整个内孔周边上。
如图九(a)和(b)所示,塑料熔体从内孔周边以大致同步的方式注入型腔,型芯受力匀称,熔接线可以避免,排气顺畅,但是会在塑件内缘留下明显的浇口痕迹。
盘形浇口的主要的尺寸有二:
2.9. 圆环形浇口(Ring Gate)
圆环形浇口设置在与圆筒形型腔的外侧,即在型腔周围设置浇口,适用于薄壁长管型塑件,如(图十)所示,塑料熔体环绕型芯以大致同步的方式注入型腔,型芯受力匀称,熔接线可以避免,排气顺畅,但是会在塑件外围留下明显的浇口痕迹。
圆环形浇口的主要的尺寸有二:
2.10. 直浇口(Direct Gate)
又称为注道型浇口(Sprue Gate),如(图十一)所示,塑料熔体直接注入型腔,压力损失小,保压补缩强,构造简单,制造方便,但是冷却时间长,去除浇口困难,浇口痕迹明显,浇口附近容易产生缩痕和缩孔以及残余应力较高。
主要的尺寸有三:
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