2008.12 深度阅读
2008高考语文现代文阅读试题及答案汇编
2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷现代文大阅读题汇编全国卷Ⅰ五、（22分）阅读下面的文字，完成14～17题。
阳关古道苍凉美寅公一到敦煌，我就想了阳关。
阳关在哪里？它还是那么荒凉、那么令人感伤吗？于是，一缕思绪把我带到了古阳关遗址。
古阳关位于敦煌西75公里的古董滩上，三面沙丘，沙梁环抱。
它与玉门关遥相呼应，像两颗明珠镶嵌在一段汉长城的两端，因在玉门关以南，故名阳关。
阳关这样的边塞之地之所以闻名遐迩，并不起始于王维的那首《渭城曲》，而是因为它自汉魏以来就是通往西域诸国最西边防上的重要关隘，是古丝绸之路南道的必经关口。
后来，“阳关道”成为光明大道的代名词。
在去阳关古城的路上，只见沿途平沙千里、荒无人烟，戈壁滩与蓝天相互对峙，偶尔有芨芨草、骆驼刺等沙生植物零星地点缀在远处，把广袤的戈壁滩映衬得更为荒凉。
车轮飞转，发出沙沙的声响，远方地平线，隐隐约约出现了一线锯齿形的屏障。
那屏障原是一条林带。
我们的汽车驶进林带，就好像突然闯进了绿色的海洋。
这水渠交错、万木争春的景象，仿佛就是可爱的江南水乡。
汽车穿过禾田，钻出林带，向荒丘起伏的墩墩山上的一座烽火台驶去。
我们登上烽火台，但见南边有一块铁牌，上面写着四个工整的字“阳关古城”。
然而，向四面看，却只见红沙渺渺，不见古城的一砖一瓦。
阳关古需，以雪山为屏，原也有过美丽的环境，一千多年前，它曾是湖水碧清、林草丰美的地方，只是由于种种天灾人祸，才成了连天的荒漠。
如今，古阳关已被结地面。
山下南面从东到西自然排列成二十余座大沙梁。
沙梁之间，为砾石平地。
汉唐陶片，铁砖瓦块，俯拾皆是。
如果看到颜色乌黑、质地细腻、坚硬如石的阳关砖，千万莫要小瞧它，昔日有名的“阳尖砚”就是用这种砖磨制的。
用阳关砚磨的墨冬不结冰，夏不缩水，用来写毛笔字十分方便。
听着旅伴的介绍，我不由感慨起来，好像这凄冷的阳关古城也有几分暖意了。
阳关，昔日丝绸之路上的一个关隘，原本不过是一道关，却被赋予了许多哲思和诗情。
2008年语文高考现代文试题解读兼谈2009年高三语文现代文阅读复习课件.ppt
启示：
要着力提高学生的文学素养，体裁要全；要将文体特点与高考考点结
合起来考虑复习指导，
要提高学生的思维能力，全面而有深度；特别要考虑如何多角度 地思考，从哪几个角度思考。
探究题已经为我们提供了一些范例：信息筛选类（07宁夏卷、08山东实
用文）、深层含义类（07广东卷、08广东实用文）、个性解读类 （07山东卷、08广东小说）、观点分析类（06江苏卷、08宁夏两类文 体）、写法探究类（08江苏卷、08山东散文）、其他（山东卷的对自 己的启示，安徽、天津、浙江的赏析，四川的写法、北京的个性理 解），要精心研究。
北京 关于塑料垃圾袋问题
上海 关于城市地标
重庆 关于人体生物钟
浙江 关于生物多样性问题
天津 关于绿色经济问题
现代文2 散文《阳关古道苍凉美 》 散文《马缨花 》 散文《碧云寺的秋色 》 散文《灯笼红》（写人散文） 散文《时间怎样行走》 小说《乌米》 散文《敦煌》
第7页，共45页。
省份
现代文1
湖北 关于湿地保护问题
二、关于现代文文本阅读：
（一）总体思路： 1、把握考试说明的要求；
2、把握各类文体的特征； 3、指导学生学会迅速、准确地感知书面语言；
4、指导学生迅速抓住重要信息；
5、指导学生学会具体阐释和抽象概括； 6、引导学生拓宽思路，多角度地思考问题； 7、指导学生探究的角度和方法；
8、指导学生答题规范。
第19页，共45页。
08山东实用文：作为一篇评传性文章，作者是从哪几个方面“认识” 梁漱溟的？这样写对你的写作有何启示？ 深层含义类
07广东卷：最后一段，作者既说“我们也不会刻意制造一种泥泞让它 出现在未来的道路上”，又 提出“我们是否渴望着在泥泞中跋涉一回 呢”，你是如何理解的? 08广东实用文：作者为什么将标题取名为“绝妙的错误”，请结合全文 分析。
2008年河北卷高考语文阅读真题解析
2008年河北卷高考语文阅读真题解析2008年河北卷高考语文阅读真题共有四篇文章，分别是《存在即合理》、《何以解忧，唯有暴富》、《只因有了爱》和《人性的温暖》。
以下将逐篇进行解析。
《存在即合理》一文主要探讨了人类对生命和死亡的思考，以及对存在意义的追求。
本文以一位癌症患者的故事为例，深入剖析生命和死亡的本质。
通过患者的病痛历程和思考，文章揭示了人们对生命的矛盾感受，同时也带给读者一种对生命的思考与珍惜。
《何以解忧，唯有暴富》一文以一个小人物的努力奋斗为中心，探讨了社会贫富差距对个体幸福感的影响。
通过讲述小人物工作努力、妄图摆脱困境，却最终沦为社会底层的故事，作者深刻地揭示了现实社会中贫富之间的巨大落差，以及财富对个体幸福感的作用。
通过这篇文章，读者可以思考财富与幸福之间的关系，以及如何避免贫富差距扩大。
《只因有了爱》一文以一个家庭的故事为主线，表达了对父母、家庭、亲情的珍惜和感激之情。
通过讲述一个女儿对父母的感言和回忆，文章展现了家庭在个人成长过程中的重要性，以及对父母的爱和付出的理解和回报。
这篇文章引起了读者对家庭关系的反思和思考，同时也让人们更加珍惜现有的家庭情感。
《人性的温暖》一文通过讲述一个乡村教师的故事，揭示了人性中的善良和美好。
故事中的乡村教师尽心尽力地教育孩子，无私奉献，用自己的行动去感化和改变孩子们。
这篇文章表达了作者对人性的温暖和善良的赞赏，同时也带给读者一种对社会的思考和对教育的关注。
以上是对2008年河北卷高考语文阅读真题的解析。
这四篇文章都围绕着人的价值、生活和人性展开，通过真实的故事来引起读者的思考和共鸣。
通过分析这些文章，读者可以更好地理解其中的逻辑和思想，同时也能培养对社会现实的敏感和思辨能力。
总的来说，这些文章展现了高考阅读理解的特点与要求，对于考生来说是一次难得的思维锻炼与知识积累的机会。
疯狂英语阅读版2008年12月
疯狂英语阅读版2008年12月The December 2008 issue of "疯狂英语阅读版" (Crazy English Reading Edition) presents various interesting articles and stories that cater to individuals who are learning English as a second language. This edition provides a diverse range of topics, including current events, culture, and personal experiences, which can help readers improve their language skills while gaining valuable knowledge about the world around them.One of the standout features of this issue is the inclusion of articles that cover a wide range of current events and global issues. These articles provide readers with an opportunity to practice their English language skills while staying informed about important news and developments from around the world. By reading and engaging with these articles, readers can expand their vocabulary, improve their reading comprehension, and gain a deeper understanding of global events and their implications.In addition to current events, this issue also includes articles that explore various aspects of culture, history, and society. These articles offer readers a chance to learn about different cultures and traditions, as well as important historical events and figures. By delving into these topics, readers can not only enhance their language skills but also develop a broader perspective on the world and the people who inhabit it.Furthermore, the December 2008 issue of "疯狂英语阅读版" features personal stories and experiences that provide insight into the lives of individuals from diverse backgrounds. These stories offer readers a glimpse into the personal triumphs, challenges, and experiences of people from different walks of life. By reading and reflecting on these narratives, readers can gain empathy and understanding for others while honing their language skills through authentic and relatable content.Moreover, the inclusion of interactive exercises and language learning activities in this issue adds an extra layer of engagement and practical application for readers.These exercises are designed to help readers reinforcetheir language skills, test their comprehension, and apply what they have learned from the articles and stories. By actively participating in these activities, readers can solidify their understanding of the English language and improve their ability to communicate effectively.Additionally, the diverse range of content in this issue caters to readers with varying interests and preferences. Whether someone is interested in current events, culture, history, or personal stories, there is something for everyone in this edition. This inclusivity allows readers to engage with topics that resonate with them personally, making the learning experience more enjoyable and meaningful.Overall, the December 2008 issue of "疯狂英语阅读版" provides readers with a rich and diverse array of content that not only supports language learning but also fosters a deeper understanding of the world and its inhabitants. Through articles, stories, and interactive exercises, readers have the opportunity to enhance their languageskills while broadening their knowledge and perspectives. This edition serves as a valuable resource for individuals seeking to improve their English proficiency while staying informed and culturally aware.。
2008年12月英语四级阅读理解真题与答案详解
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural 47______ for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn 48______ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to 49______ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the the mind and spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a 50______of human experiences and come to 51______ other ways of thought and living. And while 52______ their own relationships and responses to readers often find that the 53______ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.Books provide 54______ material for readers' imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books 55______ their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure56______. The social and educational significance of the readers' books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.Section BPassage oneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.If you’re a male and you’re reading this , congratulations : you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to d ie of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS . Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78years for men in Australia , you’ll die on average five years before a woman.There’re many reasons for this ---typically , men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke—but perhaps more importantly , men don’t go to the doctor.“men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should ,” says Dr.Gullotta . “this is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike .”Gullotta say a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two . For those over 45,it should be at least once a year .Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his s moker’s cough for a year .“when I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer ,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him but it would have prolonged his life .”According to a recent survey ,95% of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctoronce a year , compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可战胜的),” Gullatta says . “they only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and t hey think ,’Geez,if it could happen tohim ,……’ ”Then there’s the ostrich approach .”Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know ,” says Dr.Ross Cartmill.“most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies ,” Garmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.Regular check-us for men would inevitably lace strain on the public purse , Cartmill says . “but prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the disease . Besides , the ultimate cost is far greater :it’s called premature death .”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答57．Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage ?A)They are more likely to survive serious diseases todayB）Their average life span has been considerably extendedC)They have lived long enough to read this articleD)They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women ?A)men drink and smoke much more than womenB)men don’t seek medical care as often as womenC)men aren’t as cautious as women in face of dangerD)men are more likely to suffer from fatal disease59.Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez ,if it could happen to him, ...”(line 2, para.8)A)it could happen to me ,tooB）I should avoid playing golfC)I should consider myself luckyD)it would be a big misfortune60. what does Dr.Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach “(Line 1 ,Para 9)A)A cause attitude towards one’s health conditionsB)A new therapy for certain psychological problemsC)Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD)Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear61.What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men ?A)They may increase public expenseB)They will save money in the long runC)They may cause psychological strain s on menD)They will enable men to live as long as womenPassage twoQuestion 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store ,but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints,and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.“storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “The store losers the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.According to the research, shopper who purchased clothing encountered the most problem Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves over loaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting (业余兼职的) local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly , and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers , and having sales representatives on hand to answer question .Most importantly , salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers .“Retailers who’er responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly , “ said professor Stephen Hoch .” Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the s tore entrance would help .“Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer , instead of complaining to the rest of the world . Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they hace no idea what is wrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2008年散文阅读
②能找出语段的中心句
14．根据文意，说说古阳关 ．根据文意， 为什么闻名遐迩。 分 为什么闻名遐迩。(4分）
①是通往西域边防的关隘； 是通往西域边防的关隘
③王维《渭城曲》诗中对古阳关的咏叹； 王维《渭城曲》诗中对古阳关的咏叹； ②是古丝绸之路的必经关口； 是古丝绸之路的必经关口；
1 8 ④有关“阳关道”的民谚广为流传。 有关“阳关道”的民谚广为流传。
1 6
金太阳教育研究所 李庆久
2008高考试卷分析之（ 2008高考试卷分析之（三） 高考试卷分析之
14） 现代文阅读 （5-14）
（三）、认真审题，检索范围，准确摘取，引 ）、认真审题，检索范围，准确摘取， 认真审题 申转换——该怎样答题。 申转换 该怎样答题。
其次是在原文中准确摘取，引申转换。 其次是在原文中准确摘取，引申转换。 答题时首先确定题干中的问题涉及原文的哪个段落， 答题时首先确定题干中的问题涉及原文的哪个段落，确定有效区 再通过认真审读题干，弄清所问，找准答题方向， 间，再通过认真审读题干，弄清所问，找准答题方向，最后结合 上下文进行分析，找出最切题的语句作答。答案要从选文里找， 最切题的语句作答 上下文进行分析，找出最切题的语句作答。答案要从选文里找， 只要认真揣摩上下文意，准确抓住关键语句，大多数题目的答案 只要认真揣摩上下文意，准确抓住关键语句， 在原文中是能够“ 出来的。 在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。
1
2
金太阳教育研究所 李庆久
2008高考试卷分析之（ 2008高考试卷分析之（三） 高考试卷分析之
考生答卷情况及复习攻略
第五大题：文学作品阅读（ 第五大题：文学作品阅读（5-14） ）
今年全国Ⅰ卷文学作品阅读与历年一样选择的 今年全国Ⅰ 文学色彩、感性色彩较强的散文 较强的散文.(08年高考 套 年高考18套 是文学色彩、感性色彩较强的散文 年高考 语文试卷中，江苏是汪曾祺的小说《侯银匠》 语文试卷中，江苏是汪曾祺的小说《侯银匠》、广 东卷是巴西若昂·吉马朗埃斯 罗萨的小说《 吉马朗埃斯·罗萨的小说 东卷是巴西若昂 吉马朗埃斯 罗萨的小说《河的第 三条岸》 宁夏海南是欧·亨利的小说 亨利的小说《 三条岸》、宁夏海南是欧 亨利的小说《二十年以 后》，湖南卷是朱光潜书信形式的论说文《谈静》 湖南卷是朱光潜书信形式的论说文《谈静》 其他都选择了散文； 年高考 套语文试卷中， 年高考18套语文试卷中 外，其他都选择了散文；07年高考 套语文试卷中， 除湖北卷选择的是小说《日月行色》 除湖北卷选择的是小说《日月行色》外，其他都选 择了散文. 择了散文
2008年高考现代文阅读评析
2008年高考现代文阅读评析北京新东方中学“优能”全科中心语文组刘祎琳大阅读分析：根据目前已有发布的试卷来看，今年的高考大阅读总体上看水平与去年持平。
很多作者再次出现，譬如迟子建、史铁生、季羡林……迟子建的文章《泥泞》在07年广东卷中出现。
史铁生的文章《合欢树》在05年北京卷中出现。
季羡林老先生是高考热门候选，果被命中。
再如韩少功、茅盾、与鲁迅先生有关的作者和文章(以前是鲁迅先生追思刘半农，今年是萧乾怀念鲁迅先生)等，都是值得我们特别关注的。
随着其它各省考卷的陆续揭秘，相信更多的高考露脸率排行榜前几甲的作者，考生一定不可忽视。
另外，从文章题材角度看，全国卷的文章和题目十分稳定，符合大视野、大局观、大气魄的全国卷风貌。
从2005年开始，全国卷的文章题材从生活中感悟美、从小中见大发现美转到对祖国大好河山的热情讴歌，视野变得宏大、气魄变得雄浑。
地方省市的大阅读文章也与往年水平持平，更加突出地方特色，往往小处见大，不注重宏观题材而偏重与本地更贴近的内容。
不仅阅读题这样，作文题也大体呈现出这样的特点。
08年全国卷《阳光古道苍凉美》VS07年《总想为你唱支歌》《阳关古道苍凉美》，作者寅公。
这篇文章和试题均依循规律，可以说与07年高考大阅读如出一辙。
试题分为四道主观题。
下面分别从文章解析和题目解析两方面来进行总结说明。
从文章看，体裁均是散文，题材均为对我国大西北风貌的抒写和联想讴歌。
07年文章为《总想为你唱支歌》。
结构上看，是从左公柳、民勤人、胡杨林、戈壁石四个意向为轴，分别描写和联想抒情。
戈壁石这一意象在文章结尾，点明并升华了主旨。
文章总体结构是平行兼在结尾加重分量。
中心来看，这篇文章表达了对祖国大好河山的热爱，对大西北的热情讴歌和赞美，并表达了号召人们去支援大西北建设的呼唤。
08年《阳光古道苍凉美》，文章题目和07年的题目字数都是一样的。
从结构上看，是从现实—联想—现实的线索行文。
主体结构依次按照阳关地名的含义由来、阳关的自然风貌及破坏、阳关的历史文化风物特产、阳关的历史沧桑和哲人诗人笔下的形貌这四个方面进行抒写。
2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第一篇女性压力Women Under Stress
CONTENTS2008 Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。
纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。
sphere [sfiə] n. 球,球面,球体,天体,地球仪,范围vt. 包围,使成球体,放入球内【例】Many countries have difficulties in the economic sphere. 许多国家在经济方面遇到了困难。
category['kætigəri] n. 种类,类项;【例】These Categories recognize different levels of competition. 这些类别可被用来分辨出比赛里不同的等级。
susceptible[sə'septəbl] a. 易受影响的,易感动的,容许…的【例】This agreement is not susceptible to alteration. 这一协议不容更改。
08至12年青岛中考语文现代文阅读
诊（2008年青岛中考试题）①流感说来就来了。
好像，城市里每个人都在流鼻涕。
这让他的诊所里，总是堆满了人。
诊所不大，靠墙放着两个并排的长凳，人们挤坐在那里，有秩序地，一个挨一个地，等着他开出药方，或在头顶挂一个吊瓶。
这场面让他稍有些欣慰。
他不喜欢有人插队，正如他不喜欢有人生病，尽管，他是一个大夫。
②有时他认为自己好像选错了职业。
比如现在，他已经忙了一个上午，面前依然晃动着没完没了的病人，这样他就有些烦躁。
后来他更烦躁了，因为他看到一个没有排队的女人，身子有些佝偻、头发已经花白的女人。
女人紧抱着叠成筒的被子，踉踉跄跄、慌慌张张地直接挤到他的面前。
他看到女人在皱纹间顽强地挣扎出一双浑浊的眼，吸盘般吸附着他的脸。
女人说，看病，感冒了。
声音沙哑。
③他皱了皱眉，用手指着长凳上等候着的那些人，说，都看病，都感冒了。
④女人说，我给你钱。
⑤他的眉毛马上打结，他说都给钱，这里没赊帐和赖帐的。
⑥女人并不理会他的话，她把沾满灰垢的干枯的手伸进自己的胸脯，摸啊摸啊，终于摸出一张皱巴巴的人民币。
女人说，孩子感冒了，很严重，你快给他看看。
女人轻轻拍打着怀里的被筒，露出焦急和紧张的表情。
⑦女人递过来的，是一张破旧的两毛钱。
他认为这张钱的年龄，应该不会比女人小多少。
⑧女人小心翼翼地揭开包得紧紧的被筒一角，他垂着头，向里面看了一眼。
只一眼，他便愣住了……⑨你不要理她。
坐在凳子上的一个男人说，我认识她，这附近所有的国营医院和个体门诊，没一个理她的。
⑽他摆摆手，示意男人不要说下去。
他轻轻地问女人，孩子病得很重吗?⑾是的，很重。
女人说，你快给他看看，他们都不给他看……他很可怜，他整夜咳嗽。
⑿还有呢?他问，把听诊器小心地塞进被筒。
⒀不吃饭，有时候发高烧……夜里总是哭哪!女人说。
⒁还有呢?他继续问。
⒂就是咳嗽，发高烧，不吃饭，夜里总是哭!女人重复着。
⒃啊，知道了。
他抽出听诊器，是感冒，没什么大问题，开些药吧?⒄不行呢。
女人说，他怕苦，他会吐药的。
2008年考研英语(一)阅读 text 2 精读精
2008年考研英语（一）阅读text 2 精读精全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: My Thoughts on the 2008 College English Test (CET)Hey everyone! So, I just took the 2008 College English Test (CET) and I wanted to share my thoughts with you all. It was pretty tough, but I think I did pretty well overall.First of all, let's talk about the reading section. There were a lot of passages to read and some of them were really long. I had to read quickly and try to understand the main ideas. Some of the questions were tricky, but I tried my best to answer them.One of the passages was about a girl who lived in a village and wanted to go to college in the city. I thought it was interesting because it reminded me of my own dreams and goals.I could relate to her struggles and challenges.Another passage was about climate change and how it is affecting the environment. It was a bit scary to read about all the damage that has been done to our planet. It made me realize how important it is to take care of the earth.Now let's talk about the listening section. This was probably the hardest part for me. I had to listen carefully to conversations and lectures and try to remember the details. It was challenging, but I think I did okay.There was a conversation between two friends who were planning a trip together. It was funny to hear them argue about where to go and what to do. I felt like I was listening to a real conversation between two people.Overall, I think I did pretty well on the CET. It was a tough test, but I tried my best and that's all that matters. I'm proud of myself for pushing through and giving it my all.I hope this article helps you guys understand what the CET is like and how to prepare for it. Remember to read carefully, listen attentively, and stay calm during the test. Good luck to all of you who are preparing for the CET!That's all for now. See you next time! Byeee!篇2Title: Reading Passage 2 - Fun Summary Time!Hey everyone! Today we are going to have a super fun time reading and summarizing Text 2 from the 2008 NationalEntrance Examination for English Majors (Part 1). So grab your snacks and let's get started!The passage talks about how globalization has affected the way people communicate and connect with each other. It mentions how technology, like the internet and social media, has made it easier for us to interact with people from different cultures and backgrounds. This has led to a more interconnected world where information can be shared easily and quickly.One key point in the passage is how language plays a crucial role in communication. It is important to understand different languages and cultures in order to effectively communicate with people from around the world. This not only helps us build relationships but also promotes understanding and tolerance among different communities.The passage also discusses the impact of globalization on traditional values and beliefs. As we interact with people from diverse backgrounds, our perspectives and outlook on life may change. This can be both positive and challenging as it pushes us to question our own beliefs and values.In conclusion, globalization has brought the world closer together and revolutionized the way we communicate. It isimportant for us to embrace this change and adapt to the evolving landscape of global communication.So there you have it, a fun and simple summary of Text 2 from the 2008 National Entrance Examination for English Majors. Remember to keep practicing your reading skills and stay curious about the world around you. Until next time, happy reading!篇3Title: My Summary of 2008 KET Reading Test 2Hey guys, today I want to share with you my thoughts on the KET reading test 2 in 2008. It was a tricky one, but I think I did pretty well! Let me break it down for you.The first passage was about robots, which was super cool. The text talked about how robots are helping us in our daily lives, like cleaning our houses or even exploring distant planets. I learned that robots can do a lot of things that humans can't, which is pretty amazing.The second passage was about ancient Chinese inventions, like paper and silk. It was really interesting to read about how these inventions were created and how they changed the world. Inever knew that so many things we use today were actually invented thousands of years ago in China.The third passage was about a famous musician from Brazil. I had never heard of him before, but after reading the text, I was really impressed by his talent and how he used music to spread a message of peace and love. It made me want to listen to his music and learn more about his life.Overall, I think the reading test was a fun challenge. It tested my reading comprehension skills and taught me new things about different topics. I can't wait to see how I did on the test, but no matter what, I'm proud of myself for giving it my best shot.That's all for now, guys. Thanks for listening to my summary of the KET reading test 2 in 2008. Keep studying hard and you'll ace your exams too! Bye!篇4Once upon a time, there was this super hard reading passage in the 2008 graduate entrance exam (called "" in Chinese) in English. It was like, soooooo long and full of big words that made my brain hurt just looking at them. But don'tworry, I'm gonna break it down for you so you can understand it too!The passage was all about how technology is changing the way we communicate with each other. It talked about how people used to send letters to each other and now we can just send a quick text message or email. It also said something about how people are using emojis and acronyms like "LOL" and "BRB" to express their feelings in a faster way.But the most interesting part was when it talked about how this new way of communicating might be affecting our relationships. Like, are we losing the personal touch when we just send a quick message instead of talking face-to-face? And are we really expressing ourselves fully when we just use emojis instead of real words?I think the passage was trying to say that even though technology is making communication easier and faster, we shouldn't forget the importance of real, human connection. Like, it's great to send a quick message to someone, but we should also make time to talk to them in person and really listen to what they have to say.In conclusion, the reading passage was all about how technology is changing the way we communicate, but weshouldn't let it replace real, meaningful connections with each other. So next time you want to send a quick text, maybe consider picking up the phone instead and having a real conversation. Who knows, you might just make someone's day by giving them your full attention!篇5Title: Let's Ace the 2008 Graduate Entrance Exam!Hey guys, today I want to talk about the reading passage from the 2008 Graduate Entrance Exam (English) text 2. It's important to really understand the text so we can do well on the exam. Let's break it down together!The text is about the development of the internet and how it has changed the way we communicate and do business. It talks about how the internet has made it easier for people to connect with each other and share information. It also discusses some of the challenges that come with this new technology.One important point in the text is the idea that the internet has made communication more efficient. Before the internet, people had to rely on letters or phone calls to stay in touch. But now, with just a few clicks, we can send emails, chat with friends, and even video call someone on the other side of the world. It'samazing how much the internet has changed the way we communicate!Another key point is the impact of the internet on businesses. The text mentions how the internet has made it easier for companies to reach customers all around the world. With online shopping and advertising, businesses can now reach a much larger audience than ever before. This has opened up new opportunities for companies to grow and expand their businesses.However, it's not all sunshine and rainbows. The text also mentions some challenges that come with the internet, such as privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation. We need to be aware of these issues and be responsible internet users.In conclusion, the internet has completely transformed the way we communicate and do business. It has opened up endless possibilities for connection and growth, but it also comes with its own set of challenges. As we prepare for the Graduate Entrance Exam, let's remember to be critical thinkers and use the internet responsibly.Alright, that's all for today's study session. Let's keep working hard and ace that exam! Good luck, everyone!篇6Once upon a time, there was a big test called the 2008 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) and it had a super hard English reading section. This test was like a monster that scared all the smart people.In the second reading section, there was a text about green building and how it can help save the planet. The text said that green buildings are good for the environment because they use less energy and produce less pollution. It also said that green buildings can save money in the long run.The text was full of big words like "sustainable development" and "ecological footprint". It made my head spin and I thought, "Oh no, how am I going to understand this?!"But then I remembered that I'm a smart kid and I can do anything if I put my mind to it. So, I read the text carefully and tried my best to understand the main idea. I found out that the text was saying that we should all try to build more green buildings to help protect our planet.I thought about all the things I could do to help the environment, like turning off the lights when I leave a room andrecycling my old toys. I felt really proud of myself for caring about the Earth.After reading the text, I answered the questions and I got most of them right! I was so happy and I knew that I could conquer any test, even the big scary GEE.So, the moral of the story is, don't be afraid of big tests or scary texts. Just believe in yourself and do your best. You can do anything if you set your mind to it, just like I did with the 2008 GEE reading section. Let's all be little environmental superheroes and save the planet together!篇7Hello everyone, today I'm going to tell you about the text 2 from the 2008 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English exam. It's super important for all of us who want to go to graduate school, so let's pay attention and learn together!This text is all about how important technology is in our lives. The author talks about how technology has made our lives easier, like how we can use mobile phones to call our friends and family whenever we want. Isn't that cool? We can also use computers to do our homework and play games, which is so much fun!But the text also mentions some problems that come with technology. Like how some people spend too much time on their phones and computers, and forget to go outside and play. It's important to find a balance between using technology and enjoying the real world around us.The author also talks about how technology can improve education. We can use the internet to find information and learn new things. It's like having a whole world of knowledge at our fingertips! We can also use apps and online courses to help us study and prepare for exams.Overall, technology is really amazing and can do so many great things for us. But we need to be responsible and use it wisely. Let's remember to take breaks from our screens and enjoy the world around us too!So, that's a summary of text 2 from the 2008 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English exam. I hope you learned something new and are inspired to use technology in a positive way. Good luck to all of us who are preparing for the exam, we can do it!篇8Once upon a time, there was a big test called the 2008 Postgraduate English Exam. The second text was a tricky one, but with some hard work and determination, we could conquer it together!The text talks about how technology is changing the world around us. It's like magic! Just a few years ago, we couldn't imagine having smartphones or using the internet to talk to people on the other side of the world. But now, it's all possible!The text also mentions how technology can bring people together. We can make new friends online, learn new things, and even work from home. It's like having the whole world at our fingertips!But, of course, there are also some challenges that come with all this new technology. We have to be careful about privacy and security online. We need to make sure we're using technology in a safe and responsible way.Overall, the text shows us how important technology is in our lives. It's changing the way we live, work, and communicate. So, let's embrace the magic of technology and use it for good!With a positive attitude and a little bit of hard work, we can all ace the 2008 Postgraduate English Exam! Let's go, team! We can do it!篇9Once upon a time, there was a big test called the 2008 English exam for graduate students. It was like the ultimate challenge for all the smart people out there. And today, I wanna talk about one of the reading passages in that test, called Text 2.So, Text 2 was all about this guy named Daniel Goleman who talked about emotional intelligence. Yeah, you heard me right, emotional intelligence! It's like being smart about feelings and stuff. And let me tell you, it's super important!In the passage, Goleman talked about how important emotional intelligence is in our daily lives. He said that knowing how to handle your emotions is just as important as being book smart. Like, you can be the smartest person in the world, but if you can't control your emotions, you're gonna have a hard time getting along with others.Goleman also mentioned that emotional intelligence is crucial for success in life. It helps you build better relationships, make wise decisions, and even achieve your goals. So, it's notjust about being good at math or science, it's also about understanding yourself and others.But here's the thing – emotional intelligence is not something you're born with. It's something you can develop and improve over time. Like, you can practice being more empathetic, understanding, and patient. And before you know it, you'll be an emotional intelligence pro!So, the moral of Text 2 is that emotional intelligence is just as important as IQ. It's like having a secret power that can help you succeed in life. So, let's all work on our emotional intelligence and become the best version of ourselves!And that's the end of my story about Text 2 from the 2008 English exam. I hope you guys learned something new and exciting about emotional intelligence. Remember, it's cool to be smart, but it's even cooler to be emotionally intelligent!篇10Hey guys! Today I want to talk to you about a super important text from the 2008 Postgraduate Entrance Exam English () Reading section. It's called Text 2, and it's all about some interesting stuff that we can learn from. Let's dive in and have a closer look at it!First of all, let's talk about the main idea of the text. It's basically about how important it is to have a positive attitude when facing challenges in life. The text gives us some examples of successful people who didn't give up when things got tough, and how they were able to achieve their goals because of their determination and positivity. It's a really cool message to take away from this text!Next, the text talks about the concept of "resilience". Resilience basically means being able to bounce back from setbacks and keep going even when things are tough. The text tells us that this is a super important quality to have if we want to succeed in life. It's like when we fall off our bike, we don't just give up and cry – we get back on and keep riding!The text also talks about how important it is to have a growth mindset. This means believing that we can always improve and learn new things, even when we face challenges. It's like when we're struggling with our homework, instead of saying "I'm no good at this", we should say "I can do this, I just need to keep trying". It's all about having a positive and determined attitude!One more thing the text teaches us is the importance of setting goals and making a plan to achieve them. Successfulpeople don't just sit around and hope for things to happen –they set clear goals for themselves and work hard to make them happen. It's like when we want to be the best in our class, we need to study hard and practice every day to reach that goal!So guys, the key takeaway from this text is that having a positive attitude, being resilient, having a growth mindset, and setting goals are all super important if we want to succeed in life. Let's remember these lessons and apply them to our own lives, and we'll be unstoppable!Alright guys, that's all for today's lesson on Text 2 from the 2008 Postgraduate Entrance Exam English () Reading section. I hope you enjoyed it and learned something new. Keep studying hard and never give up on your dreams! See you next time!。
2008年考研英语一阅读第二篇
文章标题：2008年考研英语一阅读第二篇解析一、文章背景介绍2008年考研英语一阅读部分是考生备战考研的重点之一，其中第二篇阅读材料备受考生关注。
本文将对这篇阅读材料进行深入解析，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容和解题技巧。
二、文章内容梳理文章第二篇的题目为“A big Brother Giving Big Brother the Eye” ，主要讨论了关于计算机技术和隐私保护之间的关系。
文章首先讲述了美国国土安全部推出的一项名为Talon的计划，该计划利用数据挖掘技术收集个人信息，以监控国内和国外的恐怖行动。
接下来，文章回顾了乔治·奥威尔在《1984》一书中对政府监控的描绘，并对Talon计划进行了类比。
文章提出了对Talon计划的批评，并呼吁对个人隐私保护进行更加严格的监管。
三、主题分析本篇文章主要围绕着计算机技术对隐私保护的影响展开讨论。
从Talon计划和《1984》中的政府监控来看，作者对于个人信息被滥用的担忧和对于隐私权的追求都可以在其中找到呼应。
文章对于计算机技术带来的隐私保护问题进行了深入的分析和解读，既有实例，也有对外界看法的引用，是考生备战考研阅读理解时值得关注的一篇文章。
四、文章解析技巧1. 注重原文信息：考生在阅读文章时需要注重原文信息，抓住文章的主旨和重点内容；2. 运用逻辑推理：在解答问题时需要善于运用逻辑推理，理清文章的思路和观点，从而更好地进行推断；3. 注意词汇理解：文章中可能涉及一些生僻或难理解的词汇，考生需要注重词汇的理解和记忆，以便更好地理解文章内容。
五、解题思路指导1. 考生需要仔细阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨和重点内容；2. 在做题时，需要注重题干中的关键词，结合文章原文进行逻辑推理和选择；3. 另外，考生需要注意文章中的反义词、转折词等，正确把握文章的逻辑思路；4. 在解答问题时需要回归原文，确认选项是否与原文相符，避免偏离文章语境。
六、总结2008年考研英语一阅读第二篇文章是关于计算机技术和隐私保护的议题，文章逻辑清晰，观点明确，对考生进行阅读理解能力的考查具有一定难度。
2008英语专业八级阅读真题及答案
2008英语专业八级真题及答案PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheetTEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean 10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studies most of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, it's time to hit the books again—at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools. Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours, then repeats the routine—five days a week. It's a grueling schedule, but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a top university. Some of his classmates study even harder.South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country, high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because South Korea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will be implemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first group evaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasis on grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwide SAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionally determined which students go to the elite colleges.The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is a growing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the best colleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer families on the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costly tutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normal high-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before, students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; the big challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors. Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period, and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relying even more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their children succeed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to the Education Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard is setting students against each other. "One can succeed only when others fail,” as one parent said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-school system is foundering, while private education is thriving. According to critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformly mediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy. With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government, even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinary schools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred on average students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents send their kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that the new system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools will be weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relatively weak students in provincial schools, who may not score well on standardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages. Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain that they cannot select the best students under the new system because it eliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for more discretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screening tools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying to circumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy" universities that focus more on finding the best students than faying to "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between the government and universities, the country's 10th graders are feeling the stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a “cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seems a touch me lodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.11. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system is designed toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education is mainly the result ofA. the government's egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement over the adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author's treatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw his first cow in his first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-city Birmingham before making a career as a television producer and launching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurtured every true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that his entrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's the owner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheep and pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fanner gourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be very urban,” says Emmanuel-Jones. “But it has given me a good idea of what other urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd of wealthy fugitives from city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to British farming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets -numbers have doubled to at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialty cheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeploying the business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in the rural community has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed." Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, but if you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We are helping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some old yearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, they were also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romantic image of the countryside that is particularly English," says Alun Howkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of rural England has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is now running at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rural life has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble. About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers" rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according to the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal for the business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. A healthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to ease the escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed the fantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage" series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorset farm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, but many are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction. Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offers other incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoning market for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seek out authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a difference in a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now running his own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rare breeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way. “Unlike most other countries, where art isanal food production is being eroded, here it is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. “It may be the mark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the desirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones is INCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought to traditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence of a new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isn't catching up with mainland Europe; it's leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren't stereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of human beings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobatics are called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observe a marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a gigantic rugby scrummage. They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other people press together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushing muscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lighter castellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand, barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding a higher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apar tment buildings: nine “stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this tower of humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges from the crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below. Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid the Mediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close, in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy about what the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting an ancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to why they love doing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and says in English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we are Catalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona, you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny pretty much translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrange things, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous” and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embody rauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies common sense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success is based on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work in everyday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employs hundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelona is different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—the ancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct from the rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuries of repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia, with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse. Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its people, it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production—everything fromtextiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoying its own economic miracle.Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to see rauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shaded boulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelona down to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars and motorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblas a front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event. Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, and an attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artists throng the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust, Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happily playing children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who, upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to co mpare notes: “Last night there was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” Mariana Bertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on the second floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), but he is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance is thatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected.C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ to show seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “a front-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”. What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT DThe law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcy protection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. He was listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Then the rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyone believed he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months, no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages and the bank notes, back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possible way to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were raging alcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on the brink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent long before it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richly renovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes, yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved, the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possible second.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoled the widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yet six weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's senior partner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from its source into a new account offshore, and this made sense after some discussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm would keep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk. Soon everyone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plans to display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldest of the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsible for hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommend Patrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and when Patrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtually every file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan, Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed "Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firms they would take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots of secretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest political connections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raised by his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused, and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley was severely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs in a dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick's disappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...C. …, attached unwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrick stealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi, population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus the bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.2008年英语专业八级Mini-lecture：(沪友今心提供)1. native language2. 3503. Historical4. India5. commerce6. Boom7. sea travel communication8. conference9. many radios 10. split阅读：(沪友落落提供)阅读一共四篇：韩国的新教育制度引起多方不满；第二篇是讲西班牙人的一些性格；第三篇是英国人热衷自己饲养出售畜牧产品；最后一篇是一个小说节选，四个律师被死去的合伙人骗得破产。
08 年高考现代文阅读 4 篇
2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试五、（22分）阅读下面的文字，完成14~17题。
马缨花季羡林曾经有很长的一段时间，我孤零零一个人住在一个很深的大院子里。
从外面走进去，越走越静，自己的脚步声越听越清楚，仿佛从闹市走向深山。
等到脚步声成为空谷足音的时候，我住的地方就到了。
院子不小，都是方砖铺地，三面有走廊。
天井里遮满了树枝，走到下面，浓荫迎地，清凉蔽体。
从房子的气势来看，依稀可见当年的富贵气象。
等到我住进去的时候，富贵气象早已成为陈迹，但是阴森凄苦的气氛却是原封未动。
再加上走廊上陈列的那一些汉代的石棺石椁、古代的刻着篆字和隶字的石碑，我一走回这院子里，就仿佛进入古墓。
这样的气氛同我当时的心情是相适应的，我一向又不相信有什么鬼神，所以我住在这里，也还处之泰然。
我是不是也有孤寂之感呢?应该说是有的。
当时正是“万家墨面没蒿莱”的时代，北平城一片黑暗。
白天在学校里的时候，同青年同学在一起，从他们那蓬蓬勃勃的斗争意志和生命活力里，还可以吸取一些力量和快乐，精神十分振奋。
但是，一到晚上，当我孤零一个人走回这个所谓家的时候，我仿佛遗世而独立。
没有一点活气。
寂寞像毒蛇似地偷偷地袭来，折磨着我，使我无所逃于天地之间。
有一天，在傍晚的时候，我从外面一走进那个院子，蓦地闻到一股似浓似淡的香气。
我抬头一看，原来是遮满院子的马缨花开花了。
我站在树下，仰头观望：细碎的叶子密密地搭成了一座天棚，天棚上面是一层粉红色的细丝般的花瓣，远处望去，就像是绿云层上浮上一团团的红雾。
香气就是从这一片绿云里洒下来的，洒满了整个院子，洒满了我的全身。
花开也是常有的事，开花有香气更是司空见惯。
但是，在这样一个时候，这样一个地方，有这样的花，但是。
在这样的时候和地方，有这样的香，我就觉得很不寻常，甚至有感激的心情了。
从此，我就爱上了马缨花，把它当成了自己的知心朋友。
可惜不久我就搬出了那个院子，同那些可爱的马缨花告别了。
时间也过得真快，才一转眼的工夫，已经过去了十三年。
[17] 学位英语：2008年阅读理解分析
![[17] 学位英语：2008年阅读理解分析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b424fefed5bbfd0a7856731a.png)
2008年阅读理解真题I knew a man who was asked to be the new dean (院长) of the college of business ofa large university. When he first arrived, he studied the situation the college faced and felt that what it needed most was money. He recognized that he had a unique capacity to raise money, and he developed a real sense of vision about fund-raising as his primary function.This created a problem in the college because past deans had focused mainly on meeting day-to-day faculty needs. this new dean was never there . He was running around the country trying to raise money for research .But he was not attending to the day-to-day things as the previous dean had. The faculty, who were used to working with the person at the top , had to work through his administrative assistant.The faculty became so upset with his absence that they sent a delegation to the president of the univerisity to demand a new dean or a fundamental change in his leadership style . the president , who knew what the dean was doing, said. “relax, he h as a good administrative assistant. Give him some more time”Within a short time. The money started pouring in and the faculty began to recognize the vision . it wasn’t long until every time they saw the dean, they would say “get out of here!we don’t want to see you. Go out and bring in more funds. Your administative assistant runs this office better than anyone else”This man admitted to me later that the mistake he made was not doing enough team building.enough explaining , enough educating about what he was trying to accomplish. From him , I learn a powerful lesson. We need to constantly be asking ourselves, “what is neede out there, and what is my unique strengt h?”16、the new dean thought that the most important thing for him to do was to ___A gain a sense of visionB set up a primary goalC win the trust of the facultyD raise money17、the new dean was different from the past deans in that___A、he was less responsibleB he didn’t attend to daily thingsC he had an administrative assistantD he didn’t like to talk with others18、we can learn from the passage that the faculty____A、was not well paid for their workB didn’t understand the new dean’s ideas at firstC had a conflict with the president of the universityD didn’t want to work with the a dministrative assistant19、the faculty would ask the new dean to get out because they_____A、were upset by his deadership styleB wanted to get rid of himC were unhappy with his explanationD wanted him to bring back more money20、what was the mistake the new dean realized he had made?A he was absent all the year aroundB he was insensitive to the faculty’s needC he didn’t communicate well with the facultyD he didn’t work hard to accomplish his goalPassage2Is new technology damaging our ability to communicate ? fingers flying,we can blog (写博克文章), email, and enter chat rooms. But, as we type our millions of words, something is being lost . As our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.Young people send me dozens of emails from schools and universities .They often attach long lists questions,to which they want detail reponses. Time is short. So my reply is usually that they can phone me and I will do my best to answer.They very rarely do , at least partly because their oral and telephone skills are less developed than their ability to type ,text and email. Yet to adapt an old business saying a meeting is worth five phone calls and a phone call is worth five emails.Direct communication can quickly lead to bonding and trust .people are more likely to reveal what they are thinking when they actually speak to another person. Most are wary of committing themselves in writing.The great tragedy , of coures, is that the phone was invented before the computer.if it had been the other way around, internet forums would now be filled with the news.”haveyou heard(type, type, type)? There is this amazing new device (type , type).Now you can talk directly with people (type, type, type).without all this ty ping “ Marketing would do the rest and collgees would be rushing to develop new courses in telephone skills .But , as it is , we are stuck with the supremacy of the typed word and it is getting in the way of our ability to look people in the eye and talk . we should reconsider the technology in which the speed of our fingers is more important than the quality of our voices.21、According to the author , young people today don’tA、like to communicate using speechB、like to communicate with peopleC、know how to communicate with peopleD、know how to ask questions in communication22、According to paragraph 3, compared with meetings , email areA、more efficient B more interesting C less efficient Dless interesting23 in paragraph 4, “wary of“ can be replaced byA good atB happy aboutC used toD cautious about24、the author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people wouldA be eager to learn how to use the phoneB be glad to have both means of communicationC still prefer typing words on the computerD show little interest in the phone25 which of the following can be best reflect the author’s attitude towards the communication using type words today ?A concernedB curiousC indifferentD impatientMost Americans are very conscious of their health and try to maintain a nutririous diet and daily routines to maintain good health.Yet, for many years the tobacco amd liquor industries have tried to project the image of style and fashion for those who use their products.Most have leamed , however, that the dangers caused to health by tobacco and alcohol can no longer be denied or ignored. The campaigns to alert the public to the evils of these two social drugs have been untense and effective. However, most people dislike being wamed that they shouldn’t do something. It is a kind of psycholgical resistance.Yet, all tobacco and liquor priducts must now contain a waming on the package.The waming is simple, but the message is clear, smoking are hazardous to health.The wording may vary, but it is phrased in such a way as to draw the attention of the domsumet to the danger. On TV all tobacco advertising is legally banned, and every ad in a magazine must display the wamning. There, are many public notices on trains and buses giving out the warning that smoking is linked to lung cancer and other lung and heart diseases .The warning against alcohol consumption is of a different kind .it goes out especially to women who are pregnant and anyone,operating a car or electrical machinery. A pregnant woman can cause damage to her baby by drinking alcohol .Also anyone operating a machine runs the risk of an accident which could be fatal. Such warning appear on all wine bottles and even an apparently harmless can of beer.26 Tobacco and liquor ads try to make people believe that smoking and drinking willA make them look fashionableB help them keep a nutritious dietC make them conscious of their healthD show their healthy images to others27 in the case of smoking and drinking , most peopleA ignore the campaigns against themB are aware of the dangers they causeC do not really believe their dangersD participate in campaigns against them28 it can be inferred from the passage that the campaign against smoking isA short-livedB long-standingC widespreadD well organized29 Tobacco advertising isA popularizedB restrictedC bannedD disliked30 warnings against drinking are usally directed atA civiliansB car driversC young peopleD some groups of peopleToday, there is no such ting as a “typical” college student.people of all ages are enrolled in colleges .Though the concept of college may be the same for all students , the stress andfuture goals are different. The college student most people think of usually range in age from 18-21,and are most often away from home for the first time. As a result , they now have choices and no parent to tell them what to do . They are responsiblefor their own lives, needing to learn to manage their time and find a job, while attending school. They enter this new world with the anticipation of freedom, fun and a good job after graduation.The new faces in the college are usually 30 years old or older ,and are returning to school after several years away. They are starting their college education, after raising a family and are now ready to do something for themselvees. Their lives are considerably different from their younger classmates. They have been on their own for a while , and are concerned about family, responsibilities, work, and the adjustment of being back in school after some years . Most importan to them are the hopes of a new career or a job promotion after they graduate.Though they may come to college for different reasons, the resulet is the same. It is their chance to make a better life for themselves or their families . As the younger generation is looking for freedom in their lives, those who are returning to school also see freedom. The same opportunities were not available 20 years ago.So in our colleges and universities, there is a new sense of hope and dreams ,where once stood only the youth of our future, they are now joined by people of all ages who share the dreams of a better life.31 the passage is mainly concern about with the change ofA college administrationB college studentC college coursesD college life32 in the past college students usuallyA lived with their parentsB found good jobs easilyC had much time to spareD had no burden of raising a family33 college students of the new typeA enjoy freedom once againB are worried about their parentsC aim at a new job or promotionD study harder than other students34 one thing that the younger and older college students share isA their hope for a better lifeB equal job opportunitiesC their future plansD chances to get promotion35 The author seems to approve ofA college students raising a familyB college students living on their parentsC older people going back to collegeD the students’ struggle for freedom请同学们先做练习再听课，不断总结提高！2008年阅读理解真题I knew a man who was asked to be the new dean (院长) of the college of business of a large university. When he first arrived, he studied the situationthe college faced and felt that He recognized that he had a unique capacity to raise money, and he developed a real sense of vision about fund-raising as his primary function.This created a problem in the college because past deans had focused mainly on meeting day-to-day faculty needs. this new dean was never there . He was running around the country trying to raise money for research .But he was not attending to the day-to-day things as the previous dean had. The faculty, who were used to working with the person at the top , had to work through his administrative assistant.The faculty became so upset with his absence that they sent a delegation to the president of the univerisity to demand a new dean or a fundamental change in his leadership style . the president , who knew what the dean was doing, said. “relax, he has a good administrative assistant. Give him some more time”Within a short time. The money started pouring in and the faculty began to recognize the vision . it wasn’t long until every time they saw the dean, they would say “get out of here! we don’t want to see you. Go out and bring in more funds. Your administative assistant runs this office better than anyone else”This man admitted to me later that the mistake he made was not doing enough team building,enough explaining, enough educating aboutwhat he was trying to accomplish. From him , I learn a powerful lesson. We need to constantly be asking ourselves, “what is neede d out there, and what is my unique strengt h?”16、the new dean thought that the most important thing for him to do was to ___A gain a sense of visionB set up a primary goalC win the trust of the facultyD raise money17、the new dean was different from the past deans in that___A、he was less responsibleB he didn’t attend to daily thingsC he had an administrative assistantD he didn’t like to talk with others18、we can learn from the passage that the faculty____A、was not well paid for their workB didn’t understand the new dean’s ideas at firstC had a conflict with the president of the universityD didn’t want to work with the administrative assistant19、the f aculty would ask the new dean to get out because they_____A、were upset by his deadership styleB wanted to get rid of himC were unhappy with his explanationD wanted him to bring back more money20、what was the mistake t he new dean realized he had made?A he was absent all the year aroundB he was insensitive to the faculty’s needC he didn’t communicate well with the facultyD he didn’t work hard to acco mplish his goalPassage2Is new technology damaging our ability to communicate ? fingers flying,wecan blog (写博克文章), email, and enter chat rooms.As our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.Young people send me dozens of emails from schools and universities .They often attach long lists questions,to which they want detail reponses. Time is short. So my reply is usually that they can phone me and I will do my best to answer.They very rarely do , at least partly because their oral and telephone skills are less developed than their ability to type ,text and email. Yet to adapt an old business saying a meeting is worth five phone calls and a phone call is worth five emails.Direct communication can quickly lead to bonding and trust .people are more likely to reveal what they are thinking when they actually speak toThe great tragedy , of coures, is that the phone was invented before the computer.if it had been the other way around, internet forums would now be filled with the news.”have you heard(type, type, type)? There is this amazing new device (type , type).Now you can talk directly with people (type, type, type).without all this typing “ Marketing would do the rest and collgees would be rushing to develop new courses in telephone skills .But , as it is , we are stuck with the supremacy of the typed word and it is getting in the way of our ability to look people in the eye and talk . we should reconsider the technology in which the speed of our fingers is more important than the quality of our voices.21、According to the author , young people today don’tA、like to communicate using speechB、like to communicate with peopleC、know how to communicate with peopleD、know how to ask questions in communication22、According to paragraph 3, compared with meetings , email areA、more efficient B more interesting C less efficient Dless interesting23 in paragraph 4, “wary of “ can be replaced byA good atB happy aboutC used toD cautious about24、the author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people wouldA be eager to learn how to use the phoneB be glad to have both means of communicationC still prefer typing words on the computerD show little interest in the phone25 which of the following can be best reflect the author’s attitude towards the communication using type words today ?A concernedB curiousC indifferentD impatientMost Americans are very conscious of their health and try to maintain a nutririous diet and daily routines to maintain good health.Yet, for many years the tobacco and liquor industries have tried to project the image of style and fashion for those who use their products.Most have leamed , however,that the dangers caused to health by tobacco and alcohol can no longer be denied or ignored. The campaigns to alert the public to the evils of these two social drugs have been untense and effective. However, most people dislike being wamed that they shouldn’t do something. It is a kind of psycholgical resistance.Yet,all tobacco and liquor products must now contain a waming on the package.The waming is simple, but the message is clear, smoking are hazardous to health.The wording may vary, but it is phrased in such a way as to draw the attention of the domsumet to the danger. On TV all tobacco advertising is legally banned, and every ad in a magazine must display the wamning. There, are many public notices on trains and buses giving out the warning that smoking is linked to lung cancer and other lung and heart diseases .The warning against alcohol consumption is of a different kind .it goesout especially to and anyone,operating a car or electrical machinery. A pregnant woman can cause damage to her baby by drinking alcohol .Also anyone operating a machine runs the risk of an accident which could be fatal. Such warning appear on all wine bottles and even an apparently harmless can of beer.26 Tobacco and liquor ads try to make people believe that smoking and drinking willA make them look fashionableB help them keep a nutritious dietC make them conscious of their healthD show their healthy images to others27 in the case of smoking and drinking , most peopleA ignore the campaigns against themB are aware of the dangers they causeC do not really believe their dangersD participate in campaigns against them28 it can be inferred from the passage that the campaign against smoking isA short-livedB long-standingC widespreadD well organized29 Tobacco advertising isA popularizedB restrictedC bannedD disliked30 warnings against drinking are usally directed atA civiliansB car driversC young peopleD some groups of peopleToday, there is no such th ing as a “typical” college student. people of all ages are enrolled in colleges .Though the concept of college may be the same for all students , the stress and future goals are different. The college student most people think of usually range in age from 18-21,and are most often away from home for the first time. As a result , they now have choices and no parent to tell them what to do . They are responsible for their own lives, needing to learn to managetheir time and find a job, while attending school. They enter this new world with the anticipation of freedom, fun and a good job after graduation.The new faces in the college are usually 30 years old or older ,and are returning to school after several years away. They are starting their college education, after raising a family and are now ready to do something for themselvees. Their lives are considerably different from their younger classmates. They have been on their own for a while , and are concerned about family, responsibilities, work, and the adjustment of being back in school after some years . Most importan to them are the hopes of a new career or a job promotion after they graduate.Though they may come to college for different reasons, the resulet is the same. It is their chance to make a better life for themselves or their families . As the younger generation is looking for freedom in their lives, those who are returning to school also see freedom. The same opportunities were not available 20 years ago.So in our colleges and universities, there is a new sense of hope and dreams ,where once stood only the youth of our future, they are now joined by people of all ages who share the dreams of a better life.31 the passage is mainly concern about with the change ofA college administrationB college studentC college coursesD college life32 in the past college students usuallyA lived with their parentsB found good jobs easilyC had much time to spareD had no burden of raising a family33 college students of the new typeA enjoy freedom once againB are worried about their parentsC aim at a new job or promotionD study harder than other students34 one thing that the younger and older college students share isA their hope for a better lifeB equal job opportunitiesC their future plansD chances to get promotion35 The author seems to approve ofA college students raising a familyB college students living on their parentsC older people going back to collegeD the students’ struggle for freedom。
2008年语文高考阅读题汇编 答案
2008年语文高考阅读题汇编答案■山东卷19. ( l )通过寻访诗人生活过的实实在在的空间和遗留的器物，去接通（感受）歌德那颗伟人的灵魂。
答“通过用手抚摸一下诗人触摸的东西”。
“去接通歌德那颗伟人的灵魂”也可。
( 2 )在结构上起到了承上启下（或：过渡）的作用。
答“上文谈的是年轻时阅读歌德作品的情况，通过这句话，转向下文对歌德故居的描述”这样的意思也可。
20．( l )勺子非同一般，作者从来没有见过这么大的勺子。
( 2 )由勺子之大展开联想，表现歌德的不同寻常。
答“表现歌德非同一般。
人的一生无非是…取一勺饮‟，而对于歌德这样的天才，其勺必大”也可。
21．( l )借用伟人的话对歌德进行评价。
答出“因为恩格斯是伟人，他的话有着很强的权威性和说服力，广为人知，我们耳熟能详”这样的意思也可。
( 2 )歌德在人格上具有两面性。
把“两面性”答为“矛盾性”、“多样性”、“复杂性”、“双重性”也可。
22．主要是以小见大的手法。
启示主要有两点。
①要善于观察，注意从日常生活中的具体事物，寻找最佳的切入点。
如本文对歌德故居中的炊勺的发现。
②要精于思考，学会从具体事物中发现和发掘深刻的意蕴，就像作者从炊勺中看到了歌德的非同一般一样。
（二）23．有真知灼见；不只是讲说学问，还将思想付之于具体行动“平生所志都在为中国未来的发展寻出一条恰当的途径”24．表明梁漱溟关心国事是有家庭传统的；是梁漱溟格外关注文化问题的原因；使读者对人物了解更全面。
25．《中国文化要义》哲学味太浓；《乡村建设理论》在方法论上“从果说因”；晚年观念已老；在文化上有很多问题没有触及。
答“哲学味太浓、方法论上从果说因、观念陈旧、文化上有很多问题没有触及”也可。
26．主要是从学问和人格两个方面去认识梁漱溟的。
启示有四点。
（l ）从文体来说，要评传结合。
（2 ）选取自己熟悉的材料。
（3 ）中心内容的确立要体现人物的身份特征。
（4 ）通过细节表现人物。
■全国一卷14、（4分）①是通往西域边防的关隘；②是古丝绸之路的必经关口；③王维《渭城曲》诗中对古阳关的咏叹；④有关“阳关道”的民谚广为流传。
2008考研英语阅读理解真题解析第二篇“在线出版”
2008 Text2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.原本一切都很简单。
一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。
根据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。
因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。
straightforward[streit'fɔ:wəd] adj.简单的，易懂的，不复杂的：a straightforward process 简单的过程；坦诚的，坦率的，率直的。
【例】American speech is remarkably straightforward. 美国人的语言非常直率。
affiliation [ə'fili'eiʃən] n.隶属关系；隶属，从属。
2008年英语阅读text4
2008年英语阅读Text41. 介绍2008年英语阅读Text4是一篇经典的英语阅读文章，广泛被用于英语教学和考试中。
本文主要讲述了关于人类感官和物理世界之间的关系的一些理论和研究成果。
文章内容深刻、丰富，对于提高学生的阅读能力和拓宽视野有着重要的意义。
2. 主要内容本文主要围绕人类的感官和物理世界之间的关系展开讨论。
文章通过举例和引用研究成果，探讨了人类感官在感知外界世界时可能存在的偏差和误解，以及这些问题背后的深层原因。
3. 理论阐述文章首先介绍了人类感官的局限性，提出了人类感知外界的局限性和偏差可能导致对物理世界的误解。
文章引用了一些著名的研究成果，比如说色彩感知和视觉错觉方面的研究，来支持这一观点。
文章深入浅出地解释了这些研究成果对我们理解人类感官和物理世界之间关系的启示。
4. 深层原因在论述了人类感官的局限性之后，文章进一步探讨了这些问题背后的深层原因。
作者认为，人类感官的局限性源于人类大脑对外界信息的处理方式和模式，以及人类认知结构的局限性。
作者引用了一些神经科学和认知心理学的研究成果，说明了人类大脑对外界信息的处理方式可能存在的一些固有特点，以及这些特点对我们感知外界世界的影响。
5. 总结本文通过对人类感官和物理世界关系的讨论，引发了读者对人类感知能力的思考和对物理世界本质的探索。
文章语言严谨，观点鲜明，具有很高的阅读和思考价值。
通过阅读和分析这篇文章，读者可以更深入地理解人类感官和物理世界之间的复杂关系，以及这些关系可能对我们的生活和认知带来的影响。
6. 参考此文可以辅助英语学习者提高阅读理解能力，了解一些当代科学研究成果，对于广大英语学习者来说是一篇难得的学习资料。
7. 应用和启示人类感官与物理世界之间的关系不仅是科学研究的课题，也深刻影响了人类生活和社会发展。
在日常生活中，我们需要借助感官来感知和理解世界，但我们也要意识到人类感官的局限性和主观性。
通过了解这些局限性以及偏差，我们可以更加客观地对待外界的信息和现象，避免片面理解和错误判断。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2008.12 深度阅读Passage oneQuestion 57 to 61 based on the following passage.If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don‟t go to the doctor.typically [英] [ˈtɪpɪklɪ] adv. 1. 代表性地;作为特色地;典型地2. 通常；一般 3. 不出所料；果然“Men aren‟t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”particularly [英] [pəˈtikjuləli] adv. 1. 特别; 尤其particular [英] [pəˈtikjulə] adj. 1. 特定的, 某一的2. 特殊的, 特别的, 特有的3. (过分)讲究的, 挑剔的4. 详细的, 详尽的5. 不寻常的；格外的6. 个别的；各个的，各自的；独自的，个人的7. 精密的；细致的8. 分项的；列举的9. 【逻辑学】特称的;特殊的n. 1. [常作复数] (消息或情报等的)详情；细目2. 详细资料；详细介绍材料3. (总体中的)一项；一条；一点；一部分；一个细节4. 特殊情况；个别情况5. (可分类或列举的)项目；单独事项6. 【逻辑学】特殊性；特称的命题7. 特色late Middle English: from Old French particuler, from Latin particularis'concerning a small part', from particula'small part'strike [英] [straik] vt. & vi. 1. 打, 击2. 敲响; 报时vt. 1. 攻击, 袭击; 侵袭2. 突然发现(矿藏等)3. (突然)出现于(某人的)脑海中4. 给…以(深刻)印象20. 罢(工、课等)；在…罢工(或罢课等)； vi.1. 罢工2. 攻击，进攻；袭击3. 碰，撞；冲击；(船)触礁4. (疾病)侵袭；受灾5. 发出敲击声n. 1. 罢工[课, 市]2. 袭击, 攻击3. 突然发现; 走运4. 击；打；踢5. 击球未中；击6. 全中（第一球撞倒全部十柱球）Old English strīcan 'go, flow' and 'rub lightly', of West Germanic origin; related to German streichen 'to stroke', also to stroke. The sense 'deliver a blow' dates from Middle EnglishGullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delay ed doing anything about his smoker‟s cough for a year.delay [英] [diˈlei] n. 1. 耽搁, 延迟2. 被耽搁[推迟]的事件或时间3. (电话讯息从接收到直播节目转播之间的)时间间隔装置4. 【美式橄榄球】(持球队员或准备接球队员的)停顿战术，延迟动作，假动作vt. & vi. 1. (使)耽搁, 延误vt. 1. 推迟, 使延期2. 推迟，使延迟，使延期，延缓Middle English: from Old French delayer (verb)cough [英] [kɔf] vt. & vi. 1. 咳嗽2. （从喉咙或肺中）咳出3. （突然）发出刺耳的噪音n. 1. 咳, 咳嗽2. 咳嗽病Middle English: of imitative origin; related to Dutch kuchen 'to cough' and German keuchen 'to pant' pant[ pænt ]vi. 喘息；渴望；气喘吁吁地说出某事vt. 气喘n. 气喘；喘息；喷气声“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolong ed this life”lung [英] [lʌŋ] n. 1. 肺adj. 1. 肺的Old English lungen, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch long and German Lunge, from an Indo-European root shared by light; compare with lightslights [英] [laits] n. 1. (供食用的)家畜的肺脏Middle English: use of light as a noun (so named because of their lightness). Compare with lunglightness [英] [ˈlaɪtnɪs] n. 1. 轻,轻微2. 轻快,敏捷3. 愉快;轻松4. 轻率;轻浮5. 明亮;光亮度6. (颜色的)浅淡detection [英] [diˈtekʃən] n. 1. 发觉; 侦查；探测；察觉；发现detect [英] [diˈtekt] vt. 1. 发现; 发觉, 查明, 侦察出late Middle English: from Latin detect- 'uncovered', from the verb detegere, from de- (expressing reversal) + tegere 'to cover'. The original senses were 'uncover, expose' and 'give someone away', later 'expose the real or hidden nature of something or someone'; hence the current senses (partly influenced by detective) prolong [英] [prəˈlɔŋ] vt. 1. 延长; 拉长; 拖延According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez, if it could happen to him.invincible [英] [ɪnˈvɪnsəbəl] adj. 1. 不可战胜的;不可改变的late Middle English (earlier than vincible): via Old French from Latin invincibilis, from in-'not' + vincibilis(see vincible)vincible [英] [ˈvinsibl] adj. 1. 容易征服的,易于克服的mid 16th cent.: from Latin vincibilis, from vincere 'to overcome'Geez [英] [ɡi:ˈez] n. 1. 吉兹语,古埃塞俄比亚语v. 1. 〈美俚〉注射(麻醉品)interj. 1. 哟、唉（表感叹，惊讶，高兴、生气等）(also Jeez)Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.ostrich [英] [ˈɔstrɪtʃ, ˈɔ:s-] n. 1. 鸵鸟2. 逃避现实的人；不愿正视现实者Middle English: from OldFrench ostriche, from Latin avis'bird' + late Latin struthio(from Greek strouthiōn'ostrich', from strouthos 'sparrow or ostrich') sparrow [英] [ˈspærəʊ] n. 1. 麻雀approach [英] [əˈprəutʃ] vt. & vi. 1. 接近, 走近, 靠近vt. 1. 接洽, 交涉; 着手处理2. 试图贿赂(或影响，疏通)3. (在性质、数量、质量、情形、时间等方面)近似，近于，接近；相似，类似4. 使移近，使接近(某物)，把…挪近n. 1. 靠近，临近，逼近；接近，走近，行近，即将来临2. 进路，通路；入门，入口；途径3. (处理问题、完成任务的)方法，方式；手段；步骤；态度4. 接洽；建议；要求5. 进场；进场着陆6. 相似（或近似）的事物 7. 近似(值)，近于；相似，类似8. [通常用于复数](对某人主动的)亲近(或接近)的表示；打交道；提议，建议；疏通行为 vi. 1. (在性质、时间、数量、质量等方面)接近，近似2. 【航空学】1). 进场着陆；进场；2).(战斗机)接敌；3). (轰炸机)进入目标Middle English :from Old French aprochier, aprocher, from ecclesiastical Latin appropiare'draw near', from ad-'to' + propius (comparative of prope 'near')scare [英] [skɛə] vt. 1. 恐吓; 使惊恐vi.1. 受惊吓, 感到害怕n.1. 惊恐, 惊吓2. (社会上的)大恐慌adj.1. 吓人的Middle English: from Old Norse skirra 'frighten', from skjarr 'timid' timid[ 'timid ]adj. 胆小的；羞怯的“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be address ed by preventive check-ups.address [英] [əˈdres] n. 1. (书面或口头的)发言，讲话，致词；(尤指)正式演讲，演说2. (收件人的)姓名和地址，(邮寄的)地址，通讯处；住址；工作地址3. 称呼4. (在信封、包裹等上)书写(收件人姓名、地址)；致函 5. (善于待人处事的)本领，技巧，灵巧，机智，熟练，老练，娴熟 6. (尤指立法机关给国王或总统的)呈文；正式请愿书7. 【高尔夫球】击球前球棍的位置；准备击球的姿势，(击球前的)瞄准 vt.1. 向…讲话, 向…发表演说; 写信给…2.称呼3. 在(信封或包裹等)上写上收信人的姓名、地址4. 设法解决；满足(需求)；处理，对付；讨论，论述5. [商]委托,交6. (直接地)对…说话；写信给，函告，与…通信，把(邮件等)寄至；使用(口头或书面言词)将(信息、警告等)针对而发[有时用address oneself](to)7. 对待8. [address oneself]致力于,从事于,忙于;把注意力放在(to)9. 重点提出，集中目标Middle English (as a verb in the senses 'set upright' and 'guide, direct', hence 'write directions for delivery on' and 'direct spoken words to'): from Old French, based on Latin ad- 'towards' + directus (see direct)The noun is of mid 16th-cent. origin in the sense 'act of approaching or speaking to someone'preventive [英] [prɪˈventɪv] n. 1. 预防,防止adj. 1. 预防的,防止的2. 预防医学3. 预防药,预防剂Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”inevitably [英] [ɪnˈevɪtəblɪ] adv. 1. 不可避免地,必然地2. 意料之中evite [英] [iˈvait] v. 1. 〈古〉避开,回避strain [英] [strein] vt. & vi. 1. 拉紧2. 尽量利用; 尽全力3. 过滤n. 1. 拉紧; 绷紧; 张紧2. 拉力; 张力; 应变3. (演出的)音乐片段, 乐曲4. 写作或说话的方式或风格; 笔调; 语调5. 压力；重负；重压之下出现的问题（或担忧等）6. 劳损；拉伤；扭伤7. （动、植物的）系，品系，品种；（疾病的）类型8. 个性特点；性格倾向；禀性9. 种；族10. 血统；血缘；世系，家系11. (农作物或家畜等的)人工变种12. 尽力追求，努力奋斗13. 过分的要求(或使用、指望等)14. 紧张vt. 1. 过度使用；使不堪承受2. 使(物资)耗尽，使紧张3. 使过度劳累；(因过度劳累而)拉伤，扭伤，使损伤4. 超越…之所及vi. 1. 用力推（或拉）；拉紧2. 承受压力(或张力)；扭伤，扭曲；变形3. 被扭，受扭；被扭曲，受扭曲Middle English (as a verb): from Old French estreindre, from Latin stringere 'draw tight'. Current senses of the noun arose in the mid 16th centOld English strīon 'acquisition, gain', of Germanic origin; related to Latin struere 'to build up'purse [英] [pə:s，pɜːs] n. 1. 钱包; 女用小提包2. 钱; 资财3. 款项, 奖金4. 资金；财源；备用款vt. 1. 噘嘴，撮起嘴唇（以表示反对等）late Old English, alteration of late Latin bursa 'purse', from Greek bursa 'hide, leather'. The current verb sense (from the notion of drawing purse strings) dates from the early 17th centleather[ 'leðə ]n. 皮革；皮革制品vt. 用皮革包盖；抽打adj. 皮的；皮革制的premature [英] [ˈpreməˈtjuə] adj. 1. 过早的, 提前的, 未到期的2. 早产的3. 草率的，仓促的late Middle English (in the sense 'ripe, mature'): from Latin praematurus'very early', from prae'before' + maturus 'ripe'mature [英] [məˈtjuə] adj. 1. 成熟的, 成年人的2. 深思的; 慎重的3. （儿童或年轻人）明白事理的；像成人似的 4. （人、树木、鸟或动物）成熟的；发育完全的 5. 发酵成熟的；酿成的 6. （礼貌或幽默的说法）成年的，不再年轻的 7. 成熟的；技艺精湛的；创作于晚年的 8. 到期（应该支付）的9. 完全长成了的，长大了的10. 充分发展的11. 慎重考虑的；周到的；周密设计的12. (市场、产品、技术等)发展到饱和状态的，成熟的，稳定增长的 vi. 1. 成熟, 长成2. (票据等)到期vt. 1. （情感和认识）成熟；有判断力2. 使（技能或素质）成熟；充分发展3. 酿成；制成；发酵成熟 4. 到期（应付款）5. 慎重做出；使完善late Middle English: from Latin maturus 'timely, ripe'; perhaps related to matinsmatin [英] [ˈmætin] n. 1. 早课,晨祷,晨歌adj. 1. 早课的,晨歌的matins [英] [mætnz] n. 1. 英国教堂的晨祷,天主教的子夜或黎明的祈祷Middle English: from Old French matines, plural (influenced by ecclesiastical Latin matutinae 'morning prayers') of matin 'morning', from Latin matutinum, neuter of matutinus 'early in the morning', from Matuta, the name of the dawn goddess57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B. Their average life span has been considerably extended.C. They have lived long enough to read this article.D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.span [英] [spæn] n. 1. 跨度, 跨径，（桥或拱的）墩距2. 两个界限间的距离3. 一段时间4. 持续时间；范围，包括的种类；宽度，翼展5. (五指张开时的)指距6. 一拃宽(通常为9英寸或23厘米)7. 全长；全幅8. 短距离；小范围9. 【统计学】数值范围；极差vt. 1. 建造跨越(某物的)桥或拱; 横跨2. 跨越, 穿越, 贯穿，持续3. 包括（广大地区）；涵盖（多项内容）4. 用拃丈量，用手度量5. 以手环绕(腰等)6. (时间)持续；包括7. 套上(牲口)8. 缚住，扎牢9. 拉紧，张紧adv. 1. 完全地Old English, 'distance between the tips of the thumb and little finger', of Germanic origin; reinforced in Middle English by Old French espan mid 16th cent. (as a verb): from Dutch or Low German spannen. The noun (originally in nautical use) dates from the mid 18th centthumb[ θʌm ]vt. 翻阅；以拇指拨弄；作搭车手势；笨拙地摆弄vi. 用拇指翻书页；竖起拇指要求搭车n. 拇指58.What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. men drink and smoke much more than womenB. men don’t seek medical care as often a s womenC. men aren‟t as cautions as women in face of dangerD. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseasesfatal [英] [ˈfeitəl] adj. 1. 致命的2. 灾难性的3. 重大的, 决定性的4. 毁灭(性)的，破坏性很大的；极其不幸的；5. 命中注定的；宿命的；不可避免的6. 关系重大的；与命运有关的7. 生命攸关的，决定命运的n. 1. 致命事件，致命的结果(尤指致命的交通事故)late Middle English (in the senses 'destined by fate' and 'ominous'): from Old French, or from Latin fatalis, from fatum (see fate)fate ate Middle English: from Italian fato or (later) from its source, Latin fatum 'that which has been spoken', from fari 'speak'There are many reasons forperhaps more importantly, men59. Which of the following best complet es the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…‟(line2,para,8)?A. it could happen to me, tooB. I should avoid playing golfC. I should consider myself luckyD. it would be a big misfortune“A lot of men think they are invincible（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only come in when a frienddrops dead on the golf course and they think”Geez60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9)A. a casual attitude towards one‟s health c onditionsB. a new therapy for certain psychological problemsC. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involvedD. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fearpain [英] [pein] n. 1. 痛苦, 苦恼, 烦恼2. 身体某部分的疼痛[不适]3. 令人厌烦的人[事物]4. 劳苦, 辛劳, 烦劳vt. & vi. 1. (使)疼痛; (使)痛苦; 伤害; 使苦恼Middle English (in the sense 'suffering inflicted as punishment for an offence'): from Old French peine, from Latin poena 'penalty', later 'pain'Then there is the ostrich approachsays Dr. Ross Cartmill61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A.They may increase public expensesB.They will save money in the long runC.They may cause psychological strains on menD.They will enable men to live as long as womenRegular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.High-quality customer service is preach ed(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than donepreach [英] [pri:tʃ] vt. & vi. 1. 布道，讲道（尤指教堂中礼拜时）2. 劝诫; 说教3. 宣传，宣扬，宣讲（教义、生活方式、体制等）Middle English: from Old French prechier, from Latin praedicare 'proclaim', in ecclesiastical Latin 'preach', from prae 'before' + dicare 'declare'Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton schoolfrequent [英] [ˈfri:kwənt] adj. 1. 时常发生的, 常见的vt. 其他读音：[friˈkwent] 1. 常到, 光顾,常与…交往late Middle English (in the sense 'profuse, ample'): from French, or from Latin frequens, frequent-'crowded, frequent', of unknown ultimate originprofuse[ prəu'fju:s ]adj. 丰富的；很多的；慷慨的；浪费的ample[ 'æmpl ]adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的佛得公司（verde group）和沃顿学院（Wharton School）共同进行的调查中说“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertain s consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”storytelling [英] [ˈstɔ:riteliŋadj. 1. 说故事,说谎话entertain [英] [ˈentəˈtein] vt. & vi. 1. 款待, 招待vt. 1. 使欢乐, 使娱乐2. 抱有, 考虑late MiddleEnglish: from French entretenir, based on Latin inter'among' + tenere'to hold'.The word originally meant'maintain, continue', later 'maintain in a certain condition, treat in a certain way', also 'show hospitality' (late 15thcent.)On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.specific [英] [spiˈsifik] adj. 1. 明确的, 确切的, 详尽的2. 具体的, 特有的, 特定的3. 仅限于…的; 只发现于…的4. 特种的；特定类别的5. 【免疫学】特异性的n. 1. 特效药2. 具体方面, 细节3. 特定之物，具体之物；为特定用途而制成的东西4. (尤指分类学上的)专名5. 特性，特色；特别声明；特殊问题6. [用复数]详情，细节；具体规划；说明书mid 17th cent. (originally in the sense 'having a special determining quality'): from late Latin specificus, from Latin species (see species)species [英] [ˈspi:ʃi:z] n. 1. 物种, 种2. 种类; 类型late Middle English: from Latin, literally appearance, form, beauty', from specere 'to look'disastrous [英] [diˈzɑ:strəs] adj. 1. 灾难性的, 造成灾害的2. 极坏的, 很糟的3. 悲惨的late 16th cent. (in the sense 'ill-fated'): from French désastreux, from Italian disastroso, from disastro 'disaster'According to the research, shoppers who purchase d clothing encountered the most problems. rank ed second and third were grocery and electronics customers.purchase [英] [ˈpə:tʃəs] vt. 1. 购买2. (用牺牲等)换取，换得3. 依靠机械力移动(或举起)；靠机械力抓紧4. (房屋、地产等的)置得(指非继承所得)5. 足以购买n. 1. 购买, 购置2. 买到的东西3. 握紧；抓牢；蹬稳4. (地产等以年计的)收益，价值5. 【法律】(房屋、地产等的)置得，获得，取得 vi. 1. 购买东西Middle English: from Old French pourchacier'seek to obtain or bring about', the earliest sense also inEnglish, which soon gave rise to the senses 'gain' (hence, in nautical use, the notion of …gaining‟ one portion of rope after another) and 'buy'encounter [英] [inˈkauntə] vt. 1. 遇到, 遭遇2. 偶然碰到, 邂逅, 意外地遇见3. 与(人、部队)冲突，与…交战，迎(战)，迎(敌)，遭遇，兵戎相见n. 1. 突然遇到; 偶然(或短暂的)碰见2. 遭遇, 冲突3. 遭遇战，交战，冲突，作战 4. [美国英语]【心理学】“交朋友”小组会，“交友”小组聚会，“交心”治疗小组会，感受交流小组5. 【天文学】(向着某一天体的)接近；交会；相遇6. (病人与医务人员之间的)保健医疗接触vi. 1. 意外相遇，偶然遭遇；冲突adj. 1. 【心理学】“交朋友”心理治疗小组的Middle English (in the senses 'meet as an adversary' and 'a meeting of adversaries'; formerly also as incounter): from Old French encontrer (verb), encontre (noun), based on Latin in- 'in' + contra 'against'rank[英] [ræŋk n. 1. 军衔, 职衔,军阶,警衔2. 地位; 社会阶层;级别3. 排; 横列; 行列4. 普通士兵5. 等级；级别6. （团体或组织的）成员7. 高位；显贵8. (棋盘上)横格vt. & vi. 1. 分属某类vt. 1. 超过; 高于2. 把…分等级；属于某等级3. 排列；使排成行4. 【法律】对(多名债权人)按优先顺序排列adj.1. 难闻的；恶臭的2. （强调质量、状况等）极端的，糟糕的3. （植物）疯长的vi. 1. 占…地位；列为；列入某等级2. 排列成队；列队行进3. [美国英语]处于最高等级，居最高位置Middle English: from Old French ranc, of Germ anic origin; related to ring. The early sense 'row of thing ‟remains in modern usage in taxi rankOld English ranc 'proud, rebellious, sturdy', also 'fully grown', of Germanic origin. An early sense 'luxuriant' gave rise to 'too luxuriant', whence the negative connotation of modern usagegrocery [英] [ˈgrəʊsəri:] n. 1. 杂货业2. 杂货店The most common complaints include filled parking lots, clutter ed (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.clutter [英] [ˈklʌtə] n. 1. 杂物, 零乱的东西,凌乱地塞满,乱堆放2. 零乱,杂乱的东西（尤指不需要的或无用的）vt. 1. 乱糟糟地堆满；把…弄得很乱2. (以…) 塞满…late Middle English: variant of dialect clotter 'to clot', influenced by cluster and clattercluster [英] [ˈklʌstə，ˈklʌstə(r)] n. 1. (果实、花等的)串, 簇,团,束2. (人、物等的)群, 组,团vt. & vi. 1. (使)集中vi. 1. 群聚；聚集Old English clyster; probably related to clotclot [英] [klɔt] n. 1. 凝块, 血块2. 蠢人, 傻瓜vt. & vi. 1. 凝固Old English clott, clot, of Germanic origin; related to German Klotzrack [英] [ræk n. 1. 行李架2. 刑架, 拷问台, （旧时的）拉肢刑具3. 支架；架子4. （羊、猪等带前肋的）颈脊vt. 1. 使痛苦, 使焦虑; 使痛苦不堪; 使受折磨; 绞尽脑汁Middle English: from Middle Dutch rec, Middle Low German rek 'horizontal bar or shelf', probably from recken 'to stretch, reach' (possibly the source of sense 1 of the verb)mid 16th cent.: of unknown originlate 16th cent.: of unknown originlate 15th cent.: from Provençal arracar, from raca'stems and husks of grapes, dregs'Middle English (denoting a rush or collision): probably of Scandinavian origin: compare with Norwegian and Swedish dialect rak 'wreckage', from reka 'to drive' out-of-stock [英] [aʊtəvˈstɔk] [美] [aʊtəvˈstɑk] 1. 无现货的,无库存的During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.peak [英] [pi:k] n. 1. 山峰, 山顶; 有尖峰的高山2. 尖端，尖形，尖头3. 最高点, 最高水平; 高峰4. 帽舌，帽檐vi. 1. 达到高峰, 达到最大值，达到最高值adj. 1. 最高度的；高峰时期的；巅峰状态的mid 16th cent.: probably a back-formation from peaked, variant of dialect picked'pointed'early 17th cent.: of unknown origin. The phrase peak and pine derives its currency from Shakespearemoonlighting [英] [ˈmu:nˈlaɪtɪŋ] n. 1. 兼差2. 夜间活动guidance [英] [ˈɡaidəns] n. 1. 指导, 引导2. （火箭等的）制导，导航eliminate [英] [iˈlimineit] vt. 1. 消除2. 排除3. 淘汰4. 〈口〉干掉5. 除掉，除去，根除，摆脱，消灭6. 不加以考虑；拒绝；摒弃；删去；省略；忽略7. 【代数】消去(未知量)8. 【生理学】(从体内)排除(废料)；排泄9. 【化学】消除，消去mid 16th cent. (in the sense 'drive out, expel'): from Latin eliminat-'turned out of doors', from the verb eliminare, from e- (variant of ex-) 'out' + limen, limin- 'threshold'confrontation [英] [ˈkɔnfrʌnˈteɪʃən] n. 1. 对抗, 对抗的事物；对峙，冲突confront [英] [kənˈfrʌnt vt. 1. 面对；对抗；与（某人）对峙2. 迎面遇到, 遭遇3. 使对质, 使当面对证4. 处理，解决（问题或困境） 5. 使面对，使面临，使对付（令人不快或难处的人、场合） 6. 面对（某事物）7. (问题或困境 )使…无法回避；降临于mid 16th cent.: from French confronter, from medieval Latin confrontare, from Latin con- 'with' + frons, front- 'face'Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layout s, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representative s on hand to answer questions.layout [英] [ˈleiaut] n. 1. 布局; 安排; 版面设计; 布置2. 陈设，陈列3. 展开；摊开4. 版面编排艺术(或方法)5. 陈列品；布置的东西6. 全套工具(或器具、衣服等)7. (居住或办事的)场所或(地方8. 设计图；规划图；流程图；线路图representative [英] [ˈrepriˈzentətiv] n. 1. 代表2. 代理人3. 典型人物；代表性人物4. [常作 R-](美国)众议院议员adj. 1. 有代表性的, 典型的2. （政治体制等）由代表组成的；代议制的 3. 代表各类人（或事物）的4. 可作为典型（或示例）的5. 表示的；表现的；(尤指)描绘的late Middle English: from Old French representatif, -ive or medieval Latin repraesentativus, from the verb repraesentare 'exhibit' (see represent)Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.diplomatic [英] [ˈdipləˈmætik] adj. 1. 外交上的, 外交人员的;外交的；从事外交的2. 有手腕的, 策略的, 善于交涉的, 圆滑的early 18th cent. (in the sense 'relating to official documents'): from modern Latin diplomaticus and French diplomatique, from Latin diploma (see diploma). Sense 1 (late 18th cent.) is probably due to the publication of the Codex Juris Gentium Diplomaticus (1695), a collection of public documents, many of which dealt with international affairsdiploma [英] [diˈpləumə] n. 1. 毕业文凭, 学位证书, 执照2. 文凭课程mid 17th cent. (in the sense 'state paper'): via Latin from Greek diplōma 'folded paper', from diploun 'to fold', from diplous 'double'“Retailers who‟re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren‟t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”responsive [英] [rɪˈspɔnsɪv] adj. 1. 反应热烈或良好的;赞同的;支持的2. 反应灵敏的;易受控制的3. 回答的, 答应的late Middle English: from French responsif, -ive or late Latin responsivus, from respons-'answered', from the verb respondere (see respond)Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.hard-pressed [英] [ˈhɑ:dˈprest] [adj. 1. 处于困境的; 遭受强大压力的注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?A Most customers won‟t bother to complain even if they have h ad unhappy experiences.B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.C Few customers believe the service will be improved.D Customers have no easy access to store managers.Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen. 63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?A New customers are bound to replace old ones.B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.C Most stores provide the sameD Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.63.D不向经理投诉同样会带给顾客麻烦64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____A can stay longer browsing in the storeB won’t have trouble parking their carsC won‟t have any worries about securityD can find their cars easily after shopping64.B不会在停车时遇到麻烦During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting（业余兼职的）local police to work as parking attendants.65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?A Manners of the salespeopleB Hiring of efficient employeesC Huge supply of goods for saleD Design of the store layout.65.销售员的礼貌Retailers who‟re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren‟t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________.A exert pressure on stores to improve their serviceB settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic wayC voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directlyD shop around and make comparisons between stores66.直接把他们的不满告诉商店经理Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.57 A they are more likely to survive serious diseases today.58 B men don't seek medical care as often as women,59 A it could happen to me, too60 D unwillingness to find out about one's decease because of fear.61 B they will save money in the long run.62 B customer would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them.63 C most stores provide the same kind of service.64 B won't have to trouble parking their cars.65 A manners of the salespeople66 C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly.。